1
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Kurpiejewski K, Piecyk K, Lukaszewicz M, Kamel K, Chmurski K, Kmiecik S, Jankowska-Anyszka M. The Synergistic Effect of N2 and N7 Modifications on the Inhibitory Efficacy of mRNA Cap Analogues. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:632. [PMID: 38794202 PMCID: PMC11123931 DOI: 10.3390/ph17050632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
In the fight against cancer, researchers have turned their attention to the eukaryotic initiation factor eIF4E, a protein whose increased level is strongly correlated with the development and progression of various types of cancer. Among the numerous strategies devised to tackle eIF4E overexpression, the use of 5' end mRNA cap analogues has emerged as a promising approach. Here, we present new candidates as potent m7GMP analogues for inhibiting translation and interfacing with eIF4E. By employing an appropriate strategy, we synthesized doubly modified mono- and dinucleotide cap analogues, introducing simultaneous substituents at both the N7 and N2 positions of the guanine ring. This approach was identified as an effective and promising combination. Our findings reveal that these dual modifications increase the potency of the dinucleotide analogue, marking a significant advancement in the development of cancer therapeutics targeting the eIF4E pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karol Kurpiejewski
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland; (K.K.); (K.P.); (K.C.)
| | - Karolina Piecyk
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland; (K.K.); (K.P.); (K.C.)
| | - Maciej Lukaszewicz
- Division of Biophysics, Institute of Experimental Physics, University of Warsaw, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Karol Kamel
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, 61-704 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Kazimierz Chmurski
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland; (K.K.); (K.P.); (K.C.)
| | - Sebastian Kmiecik
- Biological and Chemical Research Centre, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland;
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2
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Li T, Zeng Z, Fan C, Xiong W. Role of stress granules in tumorigenesis and cancer therapy. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2023; 1878:189006. [PMID: 37913942 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.189006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Revised: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Stress granules (SGs) are membrane-less organelles that cell forms via liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) under stress conditions such as oxidative stress, ER stress, heat shock and hypoxia. SG assembly is a stress-responsive mechanism by regulating gene expression and cellular signaling pathways. Cancer cells face various stress conditions in tumor microenvironment during tumorigenesis, while SGs contribute to hallmarks of cancer including proliferation, invasion, migration, avoiding apoptosis, metabolism reprogramming and immune evasion. Here, we review the connection between SGs and cancer development, the limitation of SGs on current cancer therapy and promising cancer therapeutic strategies targeting SGs in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiansheng Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhaoyang Zeng
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Chunmei Fan
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Department of Histology and Embryology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
| | - Wei Xiong
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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3
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Attia RT, Ewida MA, Khaled E, Fahmy SA, Fawzy IM. Newly Synthesized Anticancer Purine Derivatives Inhibiting p-EIF4E Using Surface-Modified Lipid Nanovesicles. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:37864-37881. [PMID: 37867723 PMCID: PMC10586017 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c02991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Translation of mRNA is one of the processes adopted by cancer cells to maintain survival via phosphorylated (p)-eIF4E overexpression. Once p-eIF4E binds to the cap structure of mRNA, it advocates a nonstop translation process. In this regard, 15 new-based GMP analogs were synthesized to target eIF4E and restrain its binding to cap mRNA. The compounds were tested against three types of cancer cell lines: Caco-2, HepG-2, MCF-7, and normal kidney cells (Vero cells). Most of the compounds showed high potency against breast cancer cells (MCF-7), characterized by the highest cancer type for overexpression of p-eIF4E. Compound 4b was found to be the most active against three cell lines, colon (Caco-2), hepatic (HepG-2), and breast (MCF-7), with positive IC50 values of 31.40, 27.15, and 21.71 μM, respectively. Then, chitosan-coated niosomes loaded with compound 4b (Cs/4b-NSs) were developed (as kinetically enhanced molecules) to improve the anticancer effects further. The prepared Cs/4b-NSs showed pronounced cytotoxicity compared to the free 4b against Caco2, Hepg2, and MCF-7 with IC50 values of 16.15, 26.66, and 6.90 μM, respectively. Then, the expression of both the phosphorylated and nonphosphorylated western blot techniques was conducted on MCF-7 cells treated with the most active compounds (based on the obtained IC50 values) to determine the total protein expression of both eIF4E and p-eIF4e. Interestingly, the selected most active compounds displayed 35.8-40.7% inhibition of p-eIF4E expression when evaluated on MCF-7 compared to Ribavirin (positive control). CS/4b-NSs showed the best inhibition (40.7%). The findings of the present joint in silico molecular docking, simulation dynamic studies, and experimental investigation suggest the potential use of niosomal nanovesicles as a promising nanocarrier for the targeted delivery of the newly synthesized compound 4b to eukaryotic initiation factor 4E. These outcomes support the possible use of Cs/4b-NSs in targeted cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reem T. Attia
- Department
of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Future University in Egypt, Cairo 11835, Egypt
| | - Menna A. Ewida
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Future University in Egypt, Cairo 11835, Egypt
| | - Eman Khaled
- Faculty
of Pharmacy, Future University in Egypt, Cairo 11835, Egypt
| | - Sherif Ashraf Fahmy
- Chemistry
Department, School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire Hosted by Global Academic Foundation, R5 New Garden City, New Administrative Capital, Cairo 11835, Egypt
| | - Iten M. Fawzy
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Future University in Egypt, Cairo 11835, Egypt
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4
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Dillenburg M, Smith J, Wagner CR. The Many Faces of Histidine Triad Nucleotide Binding Protein 1 (HINT1). ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2023; 6:1310-1322. [PMID: 37854629 PMCID: PMC10580397 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.3c00079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
The histidine triad nucleotide binding protein 1 (HINT1) is a nucleoside phosphoramidase that has garnered interest due to its widespread expression and participation in a broad range of biological processes. Herein, we discuss the role of HINT1 as a regulator of several CNS functions, tumor suppressor, and mast cell activator via its interactions with multiple G-protein-coupled receptors and transcription factors. Importantly, altered HINT1 expression and mutation are connected to the progression of multiple disease states, including several neuropsychiatric disorders, peripheral neuropathy, and tumorigenesis. Additionally, due to its involvement in the activation of several clinically used phosphoramidate prodrugs, tremendous efforts have been made to better understand the interactions behind nucleoside binding and phosphoramidate hydrolysis by HINT1. We detail the substrate specificity and catalytic mechanism of HINT1 hydrolysis, while highlighting the structural biology behind these efforts. The aim of this review is to summarize the multitude of biological and pharmacological functions in which HINT1 participates while addressing the areas of need for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxwell Dillenburg
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Jacob Smith
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Carston R Wagner
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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5
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Gao X, Jin Y, Zhu W, Wu X, Wang J, Guo C. Regulation of Eukaryotic Translation Initiation Factor 4E as a Potential Anticancer Strategy. J Med Chem 2023; 66:12678-12696. [PMID: 37725577 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c00636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Eukaryotic translation initiation factors (eIFs) are highly expressed in cancer cells, especially eIF4E, the central regulatory node driving cancer cell growth and a potential target for anticancer drugs. eIF4E-targeting strategies primarily focus on inhibiting eIF4E synthesis, interfering with eIF4E/eIF4G interactions, and targeting eIF4E phosphorylation and peptide inhibitors. Although some small-molecule inhibitors are in clinical trials, no eIF4E inhibitors are available for clinical use. We provide an overview of the regulatory mechanisms of eIF4E and summarize the progress in developing and discovering eIF4E inhibitor strategies. We propose that interference with eIF4E/eIF4G interactions will provide a new perspective for the design of eIF4E inhibitors and may be a preferred strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xintao Gao
- College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Yonglong Jin
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Wenyong Zhu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Qilu Hospital (Qingdao), Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266035, China
| | - Xiaochen Wu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Biology Science and Technology, Baotou Teacher's College, Baotou 014030, China
| | - Chuanlong Guo
- College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
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6
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Cárdenas EL, O'Rourke RL, Menon A, Meagher J, Stuckey J, Garner AL. Design of Cell-Permeable Inhibitors of Eukaryotic Translation Initiation Factor 4E (eIF4E) for Inhibiting Aberrant Cap-Dependent Translation in Cancer. J Med Chem 2023; 66:10734-10745. [PMID: 37471629 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c00917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (eIF4E) is an RNA-binding protein that binds to the m7GpppX-cap at the 5' terminus of coding mRNAs to initiate cap-dependent translation. While all cells require cap-dependent translation, cancer cells become addicted to enhanced translational capacity, driving the production of oncogenic proteins involved in proliferation, evasion of apoptosis, metastasis, and angiogenesis, among other cancerous phenotypes. eIF4E is the rate-limiting translation factor, and its activation has been shown to drive cancer initiation, progression, metastasis, and drug resistance. These findings have established eIF4E as a translational oncogene and promising, albeit challenging, anti-cancer therapeutic target. Although significant effort has been put forth toward inhibiting eIF4E, the design of cell-permeable, cap-competitive inhibitors remains a challenge. Herein, we describe our work toward solving this long-standing challenge. By employing an acyclic nucleoside phosphonate prodrug strategy, we report the synthesis of cell-permeable inhibitors of eIF4E binding to capped mRNA to inhibit cap-dependent translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilio L Cárdenas
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Rachel L O'Rourke
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Arya Menon
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Jennifer Meagher
- Life Science Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Jeanne Stuckey
- Life Science Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Amanda L Garner
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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7
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Feng Y, Zhu S, Liu T, Zhi G, Shao B, Liu J, Li B, Jiang C, Feng Q, Wu P, Wang D. Surmounting Cancer Drug Resistance: New Perspective on RNA-Binding Proteins. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1114. [PMID: 37631029 PMCID: PMC10458901 DOI: 10.3390/ph16081114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
RNA-binding proteins (RBPs), being pivotal elements in both physiological and pathological processes, possess the ability to directly impact RNA, thereby exerting a profound influence on cellular life. Furthermore, the dysregulation of RBPs not only induces alterations in the expression levels of genes associated with cancer but also impairs the occurrence of post-transcriptional regulatory mechanisms. Consequently, these circumstances can give rise to aberrations in cellular processes, ultimately resulting in alterations within the proteome. An aberrant proteome can disrupt the equilibrium between oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes, promoting cancer progression. Given their significant role in modulating gene expression and post-transcriptional regulation, directing therapeutic interventions towards RBPs represents a viable strategy for combating drug resistance in cancer treatment. RBPs possess significant potential as diagnostic and prognostic markers for diverse cancer types. Gaining comprehensive insights into the structure and functionality of RBPs, along with delving deeper into the molecular mechanisms underlying RBPs in tumor drug resistance, can enhance cancer treatment strategies and augment the prognostic outcomes for individuals afflicted with cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Peijie Wu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences and State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China; (Y.F.); (S.Z.); (T.L.); (G.Z.); (B.S.); (J.L.); (B.L.); (C.J.); (Q.F.)
| | - Dong Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences and State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China; (Y.F.); (S.Z.); (T.L.); (G.Z.); (B.S.); (J.L.); (B.L.); (C.J.); (Q.F.)
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8
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Lucchesi CA, Zhang J, Gao M, Shaw J, Chen X. Identification of a First-in-Class Small-Molecule Inhibitor of the EIF4E-RBM38 Complex That Enhances Wild-type TP53 Protein Translation for Tumor Growth Suppression. Mol Cancer Ther 2023; 22:726-736. [PMID: 36940176 PMCID: PMC10866396 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-22-0627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/21/2023]
Abstract
EIF4E, an mRNA cap-binding protein, is necessary for cap-dependent translation. Overexpression of EIF4E is known to promote cancer development by preferentially translating a group of oncogenic mRNAs. Thus, 4EGI-1, a disruptor of EIF4E-EIF4G1 interaction, was developed to inhibit oncoprotein expression for cancer therapy. Interestingly, RBM38, an RNA-binding protein, interacts with EIF4E on TP53 mRNA, prevents EIF4E from binding to TP53 mRNA cap, and inhibits TP53 expression. Thus, Pep8, an eight amino acid peptide derived from RBM38, was developed to disrupt the EIF4E-RBM38 complex, leading to increased TP53 expression and decreased tumor cell growth. Herein, we have developed a first-in-class small-molecule compound 094, which interacts with EIF4E via the same pocket as does Pep8, dissociates RBM38 from EIF4E, and enhances TP53 translation in RBM38- and EIF4E-dependent manners. Structure-activity relationship studies identified that both the fluorobenzene and ethyl benzamide are necessary for compound 094 to interact with EIF4E. Furthermore, we showed that compound 094 is capable of suppressing three-dimensional tumor spheroid growth in RBM38- and TP53-dependent manners. In addition, we found that compound 094 cooperates with the chemotherapeutic agent doxorubicin and EIF4E inhibitor 4EGI-1 to suppress tumor cell growth. Collectively, we showed that two distinct approaches can be used together to target EIF4E for cancer therapy by enhancing wild-type TP53 expression (094) and by suppressing oncoprotein expression (4EGI-1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher A. Lucchesi
- Comparative Oncology Laboratory, Schools of Veterinary Medicine and Medicine, University of California at Davis, Davis, California
| | - Jin Zhang
- Comparative Oncology Laboratory, Schools of Veterinary Medicine and Medicine, University of California at Davis, Davis, California
| | - Mingchun Gao
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, Davis, California
| | - Jared Shaw
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, Davis, California
| | - Xinbin Chen
- Comparative Oncology Laboratory, Schools of Veterinary Medicine and Medicine, University of California at Davis, Davis, California
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9
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Cárdenas EL, O’Rourke RL, Menon A, Meagher J, Stuckey J, Garner AL. Design of Cell-Permeable Inhibitors of Eukaryotic Translation Initiation Factor 4E (eIF4E) for Inhibiting Aberrant Cap-Dependent Translation in Cancer. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.05.23.541912. [PMID: 37292917 PMCID: PMC10245873 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.23.541912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (eIF4E) is an RNA-binding protein that binds to the m 7 GpppX-cap at the 5' terminus of coding mRNAs to initiate cap-dependent translation. While all cells require cap-dependent translation, cancer cells become addicted to enhanced translational capacity, driving the production of oncogenic proteins involved in proliferation, evasion of apoptosis, metastasis, and angiogenesis among other cancerous phenotypes. eIF4E is the rate-limiting translation factor and its activation has been shown to drive cancer initiation, progression, metastasis, and drug resistance. These findings have established eIF4E as a translational oncogene and promising, albeit challenging, anti-cancer therapeutic target. Although significant effort has been put forth towards inhibiting eIF4E, the design of cell-permeable, cap-competitive inhibitors remains a challenge. Herein, we describe our work towards solving this long-standing challenge. By employing an acyclic nucleoside phosphonate prodrug strategy, we report the synthesis of cell-permeable inhibitors of eIF4E binding to capped mRNA to inhibit cap-dependent translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilio L. Cárdenas
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Rachel L. O’Rourke
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Arya Menon
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Jennifer Meagher
- Life Science Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Jeanne Stuckey
- Life Science Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Amanda L. Garner
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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10
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Therapeutic targeting of eukaryotic initiation factor (eIF) 4E. Biochem Soc Trans 2023; 51:113-124. [PMID: 36661272 DOI: 10.1042/bst20220285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Fundamental studies unraveled the role of eukaryotic initiation factor (eIF) 4E in mRNA translation and its control. Under physiological conditions, regulation of translation by eIF4E is essential to cellular homeostasis. Under stress, gene flow information is parsed by eIF4E to support adaptive mechanisms that favor cell survival. Dysregulated eIF4E activity fuels tumor formation and progression and modulates response to therapy. Thus, there has been heightened interest in understanding eIF4E function in controlling gene expression as well as developing strategies to block its activity to treat disease.
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11
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Siekierska I, Lukaszewicz M, Worch R, Jankowska-Anyszka M, Piecyk K. Application of Phosphoramidate ProTide Technology for the Synthesis of 5'-mRNA Cap Analogs Modified on the Exocyclic Amine Group. ChemMedChem 2023; 18:e202200490. [PMID: 36658701 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202200490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Aryloxy triester phosphoramidate methodology, commonly known as ProTide technology, is one of the most widely used prodrug approaches applied to therapeutic nucleosides. This approach has been used extensively by the pharmaceutical industry and researchers in medicinal chemistry. Herein we report our adaptation of this effective method for the synthesis of bioactive 5'-mRNA cap analogues as inhibitors for targeting cap-dependent translation. The synthesis was performed in two main stages: preparation of N2-modified guanosine analogues and their subsequent transformation into prodrugs using phenylethoxy-l-alaninyl phosphorochloridate. The prepared pro-nucleotide cap analogues were tested for their capacity in enzymatic activation, inhibitory properties in a rabbit reticulocyte lysate system, and passive membrane translocation properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Siekierska
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, 1 Pasteur St., 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maciej Lukaszewicz
- Division of Biophysics, Institute of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, 02-089, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Remigiusz Worch
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, 3 Pasteur Street, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Karolina Piecyk
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, 1 Pasteur St., 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
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12
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Novel roles of RNA-binding proteins in drug resistance of breast cancer: from molecular biology to targeting therapeutics. Cell Death Discov 2023; 9:52. [PMID: 36759501 PMCID: PMC9911762 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-023-01352-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Therapy resistance remains a huge challenge for current breast cancer treatments. Exploring molecular mechanisms of therapy resistance might provide therapeutic targets for patients with advanced breast cancer and improve their prognosis. RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) play an important role in regulating therapy resistance. Here we summarize the functions of RBPs, highlight their tremendously important roles in regulating therapy sensitivity and resistance and we also reveal current therapeutic approaches reversing abnormal functions of RBPs in breast cancer.
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13
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Mehta M, Raguraman R, Ramesh R, Munshi A. RNA binding proteins (RBPs) and their role in DNA damage and radiation response in cancer. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 191:114569. [PMID: 36252617 PMCID: PMC10411638 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Traditionally majority of eukaryotic gene expression is influenced by transcriptional and post-transcriptional events. Alterations in the expression of proteins that act post-transcriptionally can affect cellular signaling and homeostasis. RNA binding proteins (RBPs) are a family of proteins that specifically bind to RNAs and are involved in post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression and important cellular processes such as cell differentiation and metabolism. Deregulation of RNA-RBP interactions and any changes in RBP expression or function can lead to various diseases including cancer. In cancer cells, RBPs play an important role in regulating the expression of tumor suppressors and oncoproteins involved in various cell-signaling pathways. Several RBPs such as HuR, AUF1, RBM38, LIN28, RBM24, tristetrapolin family and Musashi play critical roles in various types of cancers and their aberrant expression in cancer cells makes them an attractive therapeutic target for cancer treatment. In this review we provide an overview of i). RBPs involved in cancer progression and their mechanism of action ii). the role of RBPs, including HuR, in breast cancer progression and DNA damage response and iii). explore RBPs with emphasis on HuR as therapeutic target for breast cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghna Mehta
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73013, USA; Stephenson Cancer Center, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73013, USA
| | - Rajeswari Raguraman
- Department of Pathology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73013, USA; Stephenson Cancer Center, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73013, USA
| | - Rajagopal Ramesh
- Department of Pathology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73013, USA; Stephenson Cancer Center, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73013, USA
| | - Anupama Munshi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73013, USA; Stephenson Cancer Center, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73013, USA.
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14
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Li W, Deng X, Chen J. RNA-binding proteins in regulating mRNA stability and translation: roles and mechanisms in cancer. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 86:664-677. [PMID: 35381329 PMCID: PMC9526761 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2022.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) are key players in cellular physiology through posttranscriptional regulation of the expression of target RNA transcripts. By modulating the processing, stability and translation of cancer-related messenger RNA (mRNA) transcripts, a large set of RBPs play essential roles in various types of cancers. Perturbations in RBP activity have been causally associated with cancer development, tumor metabolism, drug resistance, cancer stem cell self-renewal, and tumor immune evasion. Here, we summarize the recent advances in cancer pathological roles and mechanisms of RBPs in regulating mRNA stability and translation with an emphasis on the emerging category of RNA modification-associated RBPs. The functional diversity of RBPs in different types of cancers and the therapeutic potential of targeting dysregulated RBPs for cancer treatment are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Monrovia 91016, USA
| | - Xiaolan Deng
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Monrovia 91016, USA
| | - Jianjun Chen
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Monrovia 91016, USA; City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; Gehr Family Center for Leukemia Research, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA.
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15
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Lu X, Zhong J, Liu L, Zhang W, Zhao S, Chen L, Wei Y, Zhang H, Wu J, Chen W, Ge F. The function and regulatory mechanism of RNA-binding proteins in breast cancer and their future clinical treatment prospects. Front Oncol 2022; 12:929037. [PMID: 36052258 PMCID: PMC9424610 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.929037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common female malignancy, but the mechanisms regulating gene expression leading to its development are complex. In recent years, as epigenetic research has intensified, RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) have been identified as a class of posttranscriptional regulators that can participate in regulating gene expression through the regulation of RNA stabilization and degradation, intracellular localization, alternative splicing and alternative polyadenylation, and translational control. RBPs play an important role in the development of normal mammary glands and breast cancer. Functional inactivation or abnormal expression of RBPs may be closely associated with breast cancer development. In this review, we focus on the function and regulatory mechanisms of RBPs in breast cancer, as well as the advantages and challenges of RBPs as potential diagnostic and therapeutic targets in breast cancer, and discuss the potential of RBPs in clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingjia Lu
- Department of Breast Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
- Kunming Medical University, No. 1 School of Clinical Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Jian Zhong
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Gynecology, Women’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Linlin Liu
- School of Forensic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Wenzhu Zhang
- Department of Breast Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
- Kunming Medical University, No. 1 School of Clinical Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Shengdi Zhao
- Department of Breast Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
- Kunming Medical University, No. 1 School of Clinical Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Liang Chen
- Department of Breast Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Yuxian Wei
- Department of Endocrine Breast Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Breast Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
- Kunming Medical University, No. 1 School of Clinical Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Jingxuan Wu
- Department of Breast Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
- Kunming Medical University, No. 1 School of Clinical Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Wenlin Chen
- Third Department of Breast Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
- *Correspondence: Wenlin Chen, ; Fei Ge,
| | - Fei Ge
- Department of Breast Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
- *Correspondence: Wenlin Chen, ; Fei Ge,
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16
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RNA-binding proteins and cancer metastasis. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 86:748-768. [PMID: 35339667 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2022.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) can regulate gene expression through post-transcriptionally influencing all manner of RNA biology, including alternative splicing (AS), polyadenylation, stability, and translation of mRNAs, as well as microRNAs (miRNAs) and circular RNAs (circRNAs) processing. There is accumulating evidence reinforcing the perception that dysregulation or dysfunction of RBPs can lead to various human diseases, including cancers. RBPs influence diverse cancer-associated cellular phenotypes, such as proliferation, apoptosis, senescence, migration, invasion, and angiogenesis, contributing to the initiation and development of tumors, as well as clinical prognosis. Metastasis is the leading cause of cancer-related recurrence and death. Therefore, it is necessary to elucidate the molecular mechanisms behind tumor metastasis. In fact, a growing body of published research has proved that RBPs play pivotal roles in cancer metastasis. In this review, we will summarize the recent advances for helping us understand the role of RBPs in tumor metastasis, and discuss dysfunctions and dysregulations of RBPs affecting metastasis-associated processes including epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), migration, and invasion of cancer cells. Furthermore, we will discuss emerging RBP-based strategy for the treatment of cancer metastasis.
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17
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Control of the eIF4E activity: structural insights and pharmacological implications. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:6869-6885. [PMID: 34541613 PMCID: PMC8558276 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-03938-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The central role of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (eIF4E) in controlling mRNA translation has been clearly assessed in the last decades. eIF4E function is essential for numerous physiological processes, such as protein synthesis, cellular growth and differentiation; dysregulation of its activity has been linked to ageing, cancer onset and progression and neurodevelopmental disorders, such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and Fragile X Syndrome (FXS). The interaction between eIF4E and the eukaryotic initiation factor 4G (eIF4G) is crucial for the assembly of the translational machinery, the initial step of mRNA translation. A well-characterized group of proteins, named 4E-binding proteins (4E-BPs), inhibits the eIF4E–eIF4G interaction by competing for the same binding site on the eIF4E surface. 4E-BPs and eIF4G share a single canonical motif for the interaction with a conserved hydrophobic patch of eIF4E. However, a second non-canonical and not conserved binding motif was recently detected for eIF4G and several 4E-BPs. Here, we review the structural features of the interaction between eIF4E and its molecular partners eIF4G and 4E-BPs, focusing on the implications of the recent structural and biochemical evidence for the development of new therapeutic strategies. The design of novel eIF4E-targeting molecules that inhibit translation might provide new avenues for the treatment of several conditions.
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18
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Nishida Y, Zhao R, Heese LE, Akiyama H, Patel S, Jaeger AM, Jacamo RO, Kojima K, Ma MCJ, Ruvolo VR, Chachad D, Devine W, Lindquist S, Davis RE, Porco JA, Whitesell L, Andreeff M, Ishizawa J. Inhibition of translation initiation factor eIF4a inactivates heat shock factor 1 (HSF1) and exerts anti-leukemia activity in AML. Leukemia 2021; 35:2469-2481. [PMID: 34127794 PMCID: PMC8764661 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-021-01308-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Eukaryotic initiation factor 4A (eIF4A), the enzymatic core of the eIF4F complex essential for translation initiation, plays a key role in the oncogenic reprogramming of protein synthesis, and thus is a putative therapeutic target in cancer. As important component of its anticancer activity, inhibition of translation initiation can alleviate oncogenic activation of HSF1, a stress-inducible transcription factor that enables cancer cell growth and survival. Here, we show that primary acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells exhibit the highest transcript levels of eIF4A1 compared to other cancer types. eIF4A inhibition by the potent and specific compound rohinitib (RHT) inactivated HSF1 in these cells, and exerted pronounced in vitro and in vivo anti-leukemia effects against progenitor and leukemia-initiating cells, especially those with FLT3-internal tandem duplication (ITD). In addition to its own anti-leukemic activity, genetic knockdown of HSF1 also sensitized FLT3-mutant AML cells to clinical FLT3 inhibitors, and this synergy was conserved in FLT3 double-mutant cells carrying both ITD and tyrosine kinase domain mutations. Consistently, the combination of RHT and FLT3 inhibitors was highly synergistic in primary FLT3-mutated AML cells. Our results provide a novel therapeutic rationale for co-targeting eIF4A and FLT3 to address the clinical challenge of treating FLT3-mutant AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Nishida
- Department of Leukemia, Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ran Zhao
- Department of Leukemia, Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Lauren E. Heese
- Department of Leukemia, Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Hiroki Akiyama
- Department of Leukemia, Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Shreya Patel
- Department of Leukemia, Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Alex M. Jaeger
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Rodrigo O. Jacamo
- Department of Leukemia, Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kensuke Kojima
- Department of Leukemia, Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA,Department of Hematology, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Nankoku, Kochi, Japan
| | - Man Chun John Ma
- Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Vivian R. Ruvolo
- Department of Leukemia, Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Dhruv Chachad
- Department of Leukemia, Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - William Devine
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Molecular Discovery (BU-CMD), Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Susan Lindquist
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - R. Eric Davis
- Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - John A. Porco
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Molecular Discovery (BU-CMD), Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Luke Whitesell
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA,Present address: Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Michael Andreeff
- Department of Leukemia, Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jo Ishizawa
- Department of Leukemia, Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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19
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Jacobson BA, Ahmad Z, Chen S, Waldusky G, Dillenburg M, Stoian E, Cambron DA, Patel AJ, Patel MR, Wagner CR, Kratzke RA. 4Ei-10 interdiction of oncogenic cap-mediated translation as therapy for non-small cell lung cancer. Invest New Drugs 2021; 39:636-643. [PMID: 33230623 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-020-01036-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In order to suppress 5' cap-mediated translation a highly available inhibitor of the interaction between the 5' mRNA cap and the eIF4E complex has been developed. 4Ei-10 is a member of the class of ProTide compounds and has elevated membrane permeability and is a strong active chemical antagonist for eIF4E. Once taken up by cells it is converted by anchimeric activation of the lipophilic 2-(methylthio) ethyl protecting group and after that Hint1 P-N bond cleavage to N7-(p-chlorophenoxyethyl) guanosine 5'-monophosphate (7-Cl-Ph-Ethyl-GMP). Using this powerful interaction, it has been demonstrated that 4Ei-10 inhibits non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell growth. In addition, treatment of NSCLC cells with 4Ei-10 results in suppression of translation and diminished expression of a cohort of cellular proteins important to maintaining the malignant phenotype and resisting apoptosis such as Bcl-2, survivin, and ornithine decarboxylase (ODC). Finally, as a result of targeting the translation of anti-apoptotic proteins, NSCLC cells are synergized to be more sensitive to the existing anti-neoplastic treatment gemcitabine currently used in NSCLC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blake A Jacobson
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Zeeshan Ahmad
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | | | | | - Maxwell Dillenburg
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | | | | | - Anil J Patel
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Manish R Patel
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Carston R Wagner
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Robert A Kratzke
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
- Division of Heme-Onc-Transplant, University of Minnesota Medical School, MMC 480, 420 Delaware St SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.
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20
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Wood S, Willbanks A, Cheng JX. The Role of RNA Modifications and RNA-modifying Proteins in Cancer Therapy and Drug Resistance. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2021; 21:326-352. [PMID: 33504307 DOI: 10.2174/1568009621666210127092828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The advent of new genome-wide sequencing technologies has uncovered abnormal RNA modifications and RNA editing in a variety of human cancers. The discovery of reversible RNA N6-methyladenosine (RNA: m6A) by fat mass and obesity-associated protein (FTO) demethylase has led to exponential publications on the pathophysiological functions of m6A and its corresponding RNA modifying proteins (RMPs) in the past decade. Some excellent reviews have summarized the recent progress in this field. Compared to the extent of research into RNA: m6A and DNA 5-methylcytosine (DNA: m5C), much less is known about other RNA modifications and their associated RMPs, such as the role of RNA: m5C and its RNA cytosine methyltransferases (RCMTs) in cancer therapy and drug resistance. In this review, we will summarize the recent progress surrounding the function, intramolecular distribution and subcellular localization of several major RNA modifications, including 5' cap N7-methylguanosine (m7G) and 2'-O-methylation (Nm), m6A, m5C, A-to-I editing, and the associated RMPs. We will then discuss dysregulation of those RNA modifications and RMPs in cancer and their role in cancer therapy and drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaun Wood
- Department of Pathology, Hematopathology Section, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL60637, United States
| | - Amber Willbanks
- Department of Pathology, Hematopathology Section, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL60637, United States
| | - Jason X Cheng
- Department of Pathology, Hematopathology Section, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL60637, United States
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21
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Romagnoli A, Maracci C, D’Agostino M, Teana AL, Marino DD. Targeting mTOR and eIF4E: a feasible scenario in ovarian cancer therapy. CANCER DRUG RESISTANCE (ALHAMBRA, CALIF.) 2021; 4:596-606. [PMID: 35582305 PMCID: PMC9094073 DOI: 10.20517/cdr.2021.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian carcinoma is one of the most common causes for cancer death in women; lack of early diagnosis and acquired resistance to platinum-based chemotherapy account for its poor prognosis and high mortality rate. As with other cancer types, ovarian cancer is characterized by dysregulated signaling pathways and protein synthesis, which together contribute to rapid cellular growth and invasiveness. The mechanistic/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway represents the core of different signaling pathways regulating a number of essential steps in the cell, among which protein synthesis and the eukaryotic initiation factor 4E (eIF4E), the mRNA cap binding protein, is one of its downstream effectors. eIF4E is a limiting factor in translation initiation and its overexpression is a hallmark in many cancers. Because its action is regulated by a number of factors that compete for the same binding site, eIF4E is an ideal target for developing novel antineoplastic drugs. Several inhibitors targeting the mTOR signaling pathway have been designed thus far, however most of these molecules show poor stability and high toxicity in vivo. This minireview explores the possibility of targeting mTOR and eIF4E proteins, thus impacting on translation initiation in ovarian cancer, describing the most promising experimental strategies and specific inhibitors that have been shown to have an effect on other kinds of cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Romagnoli
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona 60131, Italy
- New York-Marche Structural Biology Center (NY-MaSBiC), Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona 60131, Italy
| | - Cristina Maracci
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona 60131, Italy
| | - Mattia D’Agostino
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona 60131, Italy
| | - Anna La Teana
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona 60131, Italy
- New York-Marche Structural Biology Center (NY-MaSBiC), Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona 60131, Italy
| | - Daniele Di Marino
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona 60131, Italy
- New York-Marche Structural Biology Center (NY-MaSBiC), Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona 60131, Italy
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22
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Alboushi L, Hackett AP, Naeli P, Bakhti M, Jafarnejad SM. Multifaceted control of mRNA translation machinery in cancer. Cell Signal 2021; 84:110037. [PMID: 33975011 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2021.110037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The mRNA translation machinery is tightly regulated through several, at times overlapping, mechanisms that modulate its efficiency and accuracy. Due to their fast rate of growth and metabolism, cancer cells require an excessive amount of mRNA translation and protein synthesis. However, unfavorable conditions, such as hypoxia, amino acid starvation, and oxidative stress, which are abundant in cancer, as well as many anti-cancer treatments inhibit mRNA translation. Cancer cells adapt to the various internal and environmental stresses by employing specialised transcript-specific translation to survive and gain a proliferative advantage. We will highlight the major signaling pathways and mechanisms of translation that regulate the global or mRNA-specific translation in response to the intra- or extra-cellular signals and stresses that are key components in the process of tumourigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilas Alboushi
- Patrick G. Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Angela P Hackett
- Patrick G. Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Parisa Naeli
- Patrick G. Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Mostafa Bakhti
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Seyed Mehdi Jafarnejad
- Patrick G. Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK.
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23
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Abstract
Inhibiting eukaryotic protein translation with small molecules is emerging as a powerful therapeutic strategy. The advantage of targeting cellular translational machinery is that it is required for the highly proliferative state of many neoplastic cells, replication of certain viruses, and ultimately the expression of a wide variety of protein targets. Although, this approach has been exploited to develop clinical agents, such as homoharringtonine (HHT, 1), used to treat chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), inhibiting components of the translational machinery is often associated with cytotoxic phenotypes. However, recent studies have demonstrated that certain small molecules can inhibit the translation of specific subsets of proteins, leading to lower cytotoxicity, and opening-up therapeutic opportunities for translation inhibitors to be deployed in indications beyond oncology and infectious disease. This review summarizes efforts to develop inhibitors of the eukaryotic translational machinery as therapeutic agents and highlights emerging opportunities for translation inhibitors in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Fan
- Department of Discovery Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Phillip P Sharp
- Department of Discovery Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
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24
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Pelletier J, Schmeing TM, Sonenberg N. The multifaceted eukaryotic cap structure. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-RNA 2020; 12:e1636. [PMID: 33300197 DOI: 10.1002/wrna.1636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The 5' cap structure is added onto RNA polymerase II transcripts soon after initiation of transcription and modulates several post-transcriptional regulatory events involved in RNA maturation. It is also required for stimulating translation initiation of many cytoplasmic mRNAs and serves to protect mRNAs from degradation. These functional properties of the cap are mediated by several cap binding proteins (CBPs) involved in nuclear and cytoplasmic gene expression steps. The role that CBPs play in gene regulation, as well as the biophysical nature by which they recognize the cap, is quite intricate. Differences in mechanisms of capping as well as nuances in cap recognition speak to the potential of targeting these processes for drug development. In this review, we focus on recent findings concerning the cap epitranscriptome, our understanding of cap binding by different CBPs, and explore therapeutic targeting of CBP-cap interaction. This article is categorized under: RNA Interactions with Proteins and Other Molecules > Protein-RNA Recognition RNA Processing > Capping and 5' End Modifications Translation > Translation Mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerry Pelletier
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Centre de Recherche en Biologie Structurale, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - T Martin Schmeing
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Centre de Recherche en Biologie Structurale, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Nahum Sonenberg
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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25
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Kang D, Lee Y, Lee JS. RNA-Binding Proteins in Cancer: Functional and Therapeutic Perspectives. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12092699. [PMID: 32967226 PMCID: PMC7563379 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12092699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) play central roles in regulating posttranscriptional expression of genes. Many of them are known to be deregulated in a wide variety of cancers. Dysregulated RBPs influence the expression levels of target RNAs related to cancer phenotypes, such as proliferation, apoptosis, angiogenesis, senescence, and EMT/invasion/metastasis. Thus, understanding the molecular functions of RBPs and their roles in cancer-related phenotypes can lead to improved therapeutic strategies. Abstract RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) crucially regulate gene expression through post-transcriptional regulation, such as by modulating microRNA (miRNA) processing and the alternative splicing, alternative polyadenylation, subcellular localization, stability, and translation of RNAs. More than 1500 RBPs have been identified to date, and many of them are known to be deregulated in cancer. Alterations in the expression and localization of RBPs can influence the expression levels of oncogenes, tumor-suppressor genes, and genome stability-related genes. RBP-mediated gene regulation can lead to diverse cancer-related cellular phenotypes, such as proliferation, apoptosis, angiogenesis, senescence, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)/invasion/metastasis. This regulation can also be associated with cancer prognosis. Thus, RBPs can be potential targets for the development of therapeutics for the cancer treatment. In this review, we describe the molecular functions of RBPs, their roles in cancer-related cellular phenotypes, and various approaches that may be used to target RBPs for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghee Kang
- Medical Research Center, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea; (D.K.); (Y.L.)
- Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea
- Program in Biomedical Science & Engineering, Inha University Graduate School, Incheon 22212, Korea
| | - Yerim Lee
- Medical Research Center, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea; (D.K.); (Y.L.)
- Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea
| | - Jae-Seon Lee
- Medical Research Center, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea; (D.K.); (Y.L.)
- Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea
- Program in Biomedical Science & Engineering, Inha University Graduate School, Incheon 22212, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-32-860-9832
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26
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Prabhu SA, Moussa O, Miller WH, del Rincón SV. The MNK1/2-eIF4E Axis as a Potential Therapeutic Target in Melanoma. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E4055. [PMID: 32517051 PMCID: PMC7312468 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21114055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
: Melanoma is a type of skin cancer that originates in the pigment-producing cells of the body known as melanocytes. Most genetic aberrations in melanoma result in hyperactivation of the mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) pathways. We and others have shown that a specific protein synthesis pathway known as the MNK1/2-eIF4E axis is often dysregulated in cancer. The MNK1/2-eIF4E axis is a point of convergence for these signaling pathways that are commonly constitutively activated in melanoma. In this review we consider the functional implications of aberrant mRNA translation in melanoma and other malignancies. Moreover, we discuss the consequences of inhibiting the MNK1/2-eIF4E axis on the tumor and tumor-associated cells, and we provide important avenues for the utilization of this treatment modality in combination with other targeted and immune-based therapies. The past decade has seen the increased development of selective inhibitors to block the action of the MNK1/2-eIF4E pathway, which are predicted to be an effective therapy regardless of the melanoma subtype (e.g., cutaneous, acral, and mucosal).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sathyen A. Prabhu
- Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, 1001 Decarie Boulevard, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada; (S.A.P.); (O.M.); (W.H.M.J.)
- Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, 3755 Côte Ste-Catherine Road, Montreal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Omar Moussa
- Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, 1001 Decarie Boulevard, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada; (S.A.P.); (O.M.); (W.H.M.J.)
- Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, 3755 Côte Ste-Catherine Road, Montreal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Wilson H. Miller
- Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, 1001 Decarie Boulevard, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada; (S.A.P.); (O.M.); (W.H.M.J.)
- Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, 3755 Côte Ste-Catherine Road, Montreal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada
- Department of Oncology, McGill University, 845 Sherbrooke St W, Montreal, QC H3A 0G4, Canada
- McGill Centre for Translational Research in Cancer (MCTRC), McGill University, 3755 Côte Ste-Catherine Road, Montreal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada
- Rossy Cancer Network, McGill University, 1980 Sherbrooke Ouest, #1101, Montreal, QC H3H 1E8, Canada
| | - Sonia V. del Rincón
- Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, 1001 Decarie Boulevard, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada; (S.A.P.); (O.M.); (W.H.M.J.)
- Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, 3755 Côte Ste-Catherine Road, Montreal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada
- Department of Oncology, McGill University, 845 Sherbrooke St W, Montreal, QC H3A 0G4, Canada
- McGill Centre for Translational Research in Cancer (MCTRC), McGill University, 3755 Côte Ste-Catherine Road, Montreal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada
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Golojuch S, Kopcial M, Strzelecka D, Kasprzyk R, Baran N, Sikorski PJ, Kowalska J, Jemielity J. Exploring tryptamine conjugates as pronucleotides of phosphate-modified 7-methylguanine nucleotides targeting cap-dependent translation. Bioorg Med Chem 2020; 28:115523. [PMID: 32362385 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2020.115523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (eIF4E) is overexpressed in many cancers deregulating translational control of the cell cycle. mRNA 5' cap analogs targeting eIF4E are small molecules with the potential to counteract elevated levels of eIF4E in cancer cells. However, the practical utility of typical cap analogs is limited because of their reduced cell membrane permeability. Transforming the active analogs into their pronucleotide derivatives is a promising approach to overcome this obstacle. 7-Benzylguanosine monophosphate (bn7GMP) is a cap analog that has been successfully transformed into a cell-penetrating pronucleotide by conjugation of the phosphate moiety with tryptamine. In this work, we explored whether a similar strategy is applicable to other cap analogs, particularly phosphate-modified 7-methylguanine nucleotides. We report the synthesis of six new tryptamine conjugates containing N7-methylguanosine mono- and diphosphate and their analogs modified with thiophosphate moiety. These new potential pronucleotides and the expected products of their activation were characterized by biophysical and biochemical methods to determine their affinity towards eIF4E, their ability to inhibit translation in vitro, their susceptibility to enzymatic degradation and their turnover in cell extract. The results suggest that compounds containing the thiophosphate moiety may act as pronucleotides that release low but sustainable concentrations of 7-methylguanosine 5'-phosphorothioate (m7GMPS), which is a translation inhibitor with in vitro potency higher than bn7GMP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Golojuch
- Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, S. Banacha 2c, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, L. Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michal Kopcial
- Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, S. Banacha 2c, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; Division of Biophysics, Institute of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, L. Pasteura 5, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland; College of Inter-Faculty Individual Studies in Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Warsaw, Banacha 2c, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dominika Strzelecka
- Division of Biophysics, Institute of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, L. Pasteura 5, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Renata Kasprzyk
- Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, S. Banacha 2c, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; Division of Biophysics, Institute of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, L. Pasteura 5, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland; College of Inter-Faculty Individual Studies in Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Warsaw, Banacha 2c, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Natalia Baran
- Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, S. Banacha 2c, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, I. Miecznikowa 1, 02-096 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Pawel J Sikorski
- Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, S. Banacha 2c, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Kowalska
- Division of Biophysics, Institute of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, L. Pasteura 5, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Jacek Jemielity
- Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, S. Banacha 2c, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland.
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28
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Piecyk K, Pietrow P, Arnold T, Worch R, Korneeva NL, Jankowska-Anyszka M. Effect of HIV-1 TAT Peptide Fusion on 5' mRNA Cap Analogs Cell Membrane Permeability and Translation Inhibition. Bioconjug Chem 2020; 31:1156-1166. [PMID: 32227927 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.0c00080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The development of targeted anticancer drugs has been one of the most challenging goals of current research. Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (eIF4E) is an oncogene that stimulates mRNA translation via binding to the 5' endcap structure. It is well documented that eIF4E is overexpressed in many cancers including breast, prostate, head and neck, and stomach malignancies and leads to oncogenic transformation and metastasis. One approach to block eIF4E function in cancer cells is based on the disruption of the interaction between eIF4E and the 5' mRNA cap structure using cap analog inhibitors. Since analogs are cell-impermeable due to their anionic nature, we used a cell penetrating peptide (CPP) for delivery of model cap analogs into cancer cells. The human immunodeficiency virus I (HIV-1) transactivator of transcription derived peptide (TAT) was conjugated with the analogs m7GMP and m7GpppG using click chemistry methodology. We observed that both conjugates (m7GMP-TAT and m7GpppG-TAT), contrary to TAT alone, did not translocate through the artificial phospholipid membrane of giant unilamellar vesicles. This suggests that passive transport is not the mechanism by which translocation of cap analogs occurs. In contrast, synthesized fluorescently labeled m7GpppG-TAT translocated into the human breast adenocarcinoma cancer cell line MCF-7. Furthermore, we demonstrated that m7GMP-TAT and m7GpppG-TAT inhibited cap-dependent translation up to 30% both in vivo and in vitro while simultaneously not affecting cell growth and viability. These results demonstrate the usefulness of cell penetration peptides as carriers for the internalization of cap analogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Piecyk
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Paulina Pietrow
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Thomas Arnold
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 1501 Kings Highway, Shreveport, Louisiana 71130, United States
| | - Remigiusz Worch
- Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Aleja Lotnikow 32/46, PL-02668 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Nadejda L Korneeva
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 1501 Kings Highway, Shreveport, Louisiana 71130, United States.,Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Neuroscience, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 1501 Kings Highway, Shreveport, Louisiana 71130, United States
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29
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Ahmad Z, Jacobson BA, McDonald MW, Vattendahl Vidal N, Vattendahl Vidal G, Chen S, Dillenburg M, Okon AM, Patel MR, Wagner CR, Kratzke RA. Repression of oncogenic cap-mediated translation by 4Ei-10 diminishes proliferation, enhances chemosensitivity and alters expression of malignancy-related proteins in mesothelioma. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2020; 85:425-432. [PMID: 31974652 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-020-04029-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Activated cap-dependent translation promotes cancer by stimulating translation of mRNAs encoding malignancy-promoting proteins. The nucleoside monophosphate Protide, 4Ei-10, undergoes intracellular uptake and conversion by Hint1 to form 7-Cl-Ph-Ethyl-GMP. 7-Cl-Ph-Ethyl-GMP is an analog of cap and inhibits protein translation by binding and sequestering eIF4E thus blocking eIF4E from binding to the mRNA cap. The effects of inhibiting translation initiation by disruption of the eIF4F complex with 4Ei-10 were examined in malignant mesothelioma (MM). In a cell-free assay system, formation of the eIF4F complex was disabled in response to exposure to 4Ei-10. Treatment of MM with 4Ei-10 resulted in decreased cell proliferation, increased sensitivity to pemetrexed and altered expression of malignancy-related proteins. In light of these findings, suppression of translation initiation by small molecule inhibitors like 4Ei-10 alone or in combination with pemetrexed represents an encouraging strategy meriting further evaluation in the treatment of MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeeshan Ahmad
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Blake A Jacobson
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Maxwell Dillenburg
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Aniekan M Okon
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Manish R Patel
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Carston R Wagner
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Robert A Kratzke
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA. .,Division of Heme-Onc-Transplant, University of Minnesota Medical School, MMC 480, 420 Delaware St SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.
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30
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Kats IR, Klann E. Translating from cancer to the brain: regulation of protein synthesis by eIF4F. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 26:332-342. [PMID: 31416906 PMCID: PMC6699409 DOI: 10.1101/lm.050047.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Formation of eukaryotic initiation factor 4F (eIF4F) is widely considered to be the rate-limiting step in cap-dependent translation initiation. Components of eIF4F are often up-regulated in various cancers, and much work has been done to elucidate the role of each of the translation initiation factors in cancer cell growth and survival. In fact, many of the basic mechanisms describing how eIF4F is assembled and how it functions to regulate translation initiation were first investigated in cancer cell lines. These same eIF4F translational control pathways also are relevant for neuronal signaling that underlies long-lasting synaptic plasticity and memory, and in neurological diseases where eIF4F and its upstream regulators are dysregulated. Although eIF4F is important in cancer and for brain function, there is not always a clear path to use the results of studies performed in cancer models to inform one of the roles that the same translation factors have in neuronal signaling. Issues arise when extrapolating from cell lines to tissue, and differences are likely to exist in how eIF4F and its upstream regulatory pathways are expressed in the diverse neuronal subtypes found in the brain. This review focuses on summarizing the role of eIF4F and its accessory proteins in cancer, and how this information has been utilized to investigate neuronal signaling, synaptic function, and animal behavior. Certain aspects of eIF4F regulation are consistent across cancer and neuroscience, whereas some results are more complicated to interpret, likely due to differences in the complexity of the brain, its billions of neurons and synapses, and its diverse cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilona R Kats
- Sackler Graduate Program, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016, USA.,Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, New York 10003, USA
| | - Eric Klann
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, New York 10003, USA.,NYU Neuroscience Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016, USA
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31
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Mohibi S, Chen X, Zhang J. Cancer the'RBP'eutics-RNA-binding proteins as therapeutic targets for cancer. Pharmacol Ther 2019; 203:107390. [PMID: 31302171 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2019.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) play a critical role in the regulation of various RNA processes, including splicing, cleavage and polyadenylation, transport, translation and degradation of coding RNAs, non-coding RNAs and microRNAs. Recent studies indicate that RBPs not only play an instrumental role in normal cellular processes but have also emerged as major players in the development and spread of cancer. Herein, we review the current knowledge about RNA binding proteins and their role in tumorigenesis as well as the potential to target RBPs for cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shakur Mohibi
- Comparative Oncology Laboratory, Schools of Veterinary Medicine and Medicine, University of California at Davis, United States
| | - Xinbin Chen
- Comparative Oncology Laboratory, Schools of Veterinary Medicine and Medicine, University of California at Davis, United States
| | - Jin Zhang
- Comparative Oncology Laboratory, Schools of Veterinary Medicine and Medicine, University of California at Davis, United States.
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32
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Kasprzyk R, Starek BJ, Ciechanowicz S, Kubacka D, Kowalska J, Jemielity J. Fluorescent Turn-On Probes for the Development of Binding and Hydrolytic Activity Assays for mRNA Cap-Recognizing Proteins. Chemistry 2019; 25:6728-6740. [PMID: 30801798 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201900051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Revised: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The m7 G cap is a unique nucleotide structure at the 5'-end of all eukaryotic mRNAs. The cap specifically interacts with numerous cellular proteins and participates in biological processes that are essential for cell growth and function. To provide small molecular probes to study important cap-recognizing proteins, we synthesized m7 G nucleotides labeled with fluorescent tags via the terminal phosph(on)ate group and studied how their emission properties changed upon protein binding or enzymatic cleavage. Only the pyrene-labeled compounds behaved as sensitive turn-on probes. A pyrene-labeled m7 GTP analogue showed up to eightfold enhanced fluorescence emission upon binding to eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (eIF4E) and over 30-fold enhancement upon cleavage by decapping scavenger (DcpS) enzyme. These observations served as the basis for developing binding- and hydrolytic-activity assays. The assay utility was validated with previously characterized libraries of eIF4E ligands and DcpS inhibitors. The DcpS assay was also applied to study hydrolytic activity and inhibition of endogenous enzyme in cytoplasmic extracts from HeLa and HEK cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Kasprzyk
- Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Banacha 2c, 02-097, Warsaw, Poland.,College of Inter-Faculty Individual Studies in Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Warsaw, Banacha 2c, 02-097, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Beata J Starek
- Division of Biophysics, Institute of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 5, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Sylwia Ciechanowicz
- Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Banacha 2c, 02-097, Warsaw, Poland.,College of Inter-Faculty Individual Studies in Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Warsaw, Banacha 2c, 02-097, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dorota Kubacka
- Division of Biophysics, Institute of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 5, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Kowalska
- Division of Biophysics, Institute of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 5, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jacek Jemielity
- Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Banacha 2c, 02-097, Warsaw, Poland
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33
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Reuter H, van Bodegraven AM, Bender E, Knies C, Diek N, Beginn U, Hammerbacher K, Schneider V, Kinscherf R, Bonaterra GA, Svajda R, Rosemeyer H. Guanosine Nucleolipids: Synthesis, Characterization, Aggregation and X-Ray Crystallographic Identification of Electricity-Conducting G-Ribbons. Chem Biodivers 2019; 16:e1900024. [PMID: 30793846 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201900024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The lipophilization of β-d-riboguanosine (1) with various symmetric as well as asymmetric ketones is described (→3a-3f). The formation of the corresponding O-2',3'-ketals is accompanied by the appearance of various fluorescent by-products which were isolated chromatographically as mixtures and tentatively analyzed by ESI-MS spectrometry. The mainly formed guanosine nucleolipids were isolated and characterized by elemental analyses, 1 H-, 13 C-NMR and UV spectroscopy. For a drug profiling, static topological polar surface areas as well as 10 logPOW values were calculated by an increment-based method as well as experimentally for the systems 1-octanol-H2 O and cyclohexane-H2 O. The guanosine-O-2',3'-ketal derivatives 3b and 3a could be crystallized in (D6 )DMSO - the latter after one year of standing at ambient temperature. X-ray analysis revealed the formation of self-assembled ribbons consisting of two structurally similar 3b nucleolipid conformers as well as integrated (D6 )DMSO molecules. In the case of 3a ⋅ DMSO, the ribbon is formed by a single type of guanosine nucleolipid molecules. The crystalline material 3b ⋅ DMSO was further analyzed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and temperature-dependent polarization microscopy. Crystallization was also performed on interdigitated electrodes (Au, distance, 5 μm) and visualized by scanning electron microscopy. Resistance and amperage measurements clearly demonstrate that the electrode-bridging 3b crystals are electrically conducting. All O-2',3'-guanosine ketals were tested on their cytostatic/cytotoxic activity towards phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)-differentiated human THP-1 macrophages as well as against human astrocytoma/oligodendroglioma GOS-3 cells and against rat malignant neuroectodermal BT4Ca cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans Reuter
- Anorganische Chemie II, Strukturchemie, Institute of Chemistry of New Materials, University of Osnabrück, Barbarastrasse 7, DE-49069, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Anna Maria van Bodegraven
- Organic Chemistry I - Bioorganic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry of New Materials, University of Osnabrück, Barbarastrasse 7, DE-49069, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Eugenia Bender
- Organic Chemistry I - Bioorganic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry of New Materials, University of Osnabrück, Barbarastrasse 7, DE-49069, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Christine Knies
- Organic Chemistry I - Bioorganic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry of New Materials, University of Osnabrück, Barbarastrasse 7, DE-49069, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Nadine Diek
- Organic Chemistry I - Organic Materials Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry of New Materials, University of Osnabrück, Barbarastrasse 7, DE-49069, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Uwe Beginn
- Organic Chemistry I - Organic Materials Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry of New Materials, University of Osnabrück, Barbarastrasse 7, DE-49069, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Katharina Hammerbacher
- Anatomy and Cell Biology, Department of Medical Cell Biology, Philipps-, University of Marburg, Robert-Koch-Strasse 8, DE-35032, Marburg, Germany
| | - Vanessa Schneider
- Anatomy and Cell Biology, Department of Medical Cell Biology, Philipps-, University of Marburg, Robert-Koch-Strasse 8, DE-35032, Marburg, Germany
| | - Ralf Kinscherf
- Anatomy and Cell Biology, Department of Medical Cell Biology, Philipps-, University of Marburg, Robert-Koch-Strasse 8, DE-35032, Marburg, Germany
| | - Gabriel A Bonaterra
- Anatomy and Cell Biology, Department of Medical Cell Biology, Philipps-, University of Marburg, Robert-Koch-Strasse 8, DE-35032, Marburg, Germany
| | - Rainer Svajda
- Department of Physics, Workshop for Electronics/IT, University of Osnabrück, Barbarastrasse 7, DE-49069, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Helmut Rosemeyer
- Organic Chemistry I - Bioorganic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry of New Materials, University of Osnabrück, Barbarastrasse 7, DE-49069, Osnabrück, Germany
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Kaur T, Menon A, Garner AL. Synthesis of 7-benzylguanosine cap-analogue conjugates for eIF4E targeted degradation. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 166:339-350. [PMID: 30735900 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.01.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (eIF4E) is a key player in the initiation of cap-dependent translation through recognition of the m7GpppX cap at the 5' terminus of coding mRNAs. As eIF4E overexpression has been observed in a number of human diseases, most notably cancer, targeting this oncogenic translation initiation factor has emerged as a promising strategy for the development of novel anti-cancer therapeutics. Toward this end, in the present study, we have rationally designed a series of Bn7GxP-based PROTACs for the targeted degradation of eIF4E. Herein we describe our synthetic efforts, in addition to biochemical and cellular characterization of these compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanpreet Kaur
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, 1600 Huron Parkway, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Arya Menon
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, 1600 Huron Parkway, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Amanda L Garner
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, 1600 Huron Parkway, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
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35
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Chu J, Pelletier J. Therapeutic Opportunities in Eukaryotic Translation. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2018; 10:cshperspect.a032995. [PMID: 29440069 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a032995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The ability to block biological processes with selective small molecules provides advantages distinct from most other experimental approaches. These include rapid time to onset, swift reversibility, ability to probe activities in manners that cannot be accessed by genetic means, and the potential to be further developed as therapeutic agents. Small molecule inhibitors can also be used to alter expression and activity without affecting the stoichiometry of interacting partners. These tenets have been especially evident in the field of translation. Small molecule inhibitors were instrumental in enabling investigators to capture short-lived complexes and characterize specific steps of protein synthesis. In addition, several drugs that are the mainstay of modern antimicrobial drug therapy are potent inhibitors of prokaryotic translation. Currently, there is much interest in targeting eukaryotic translation as decades of research have revealed that deregulated protein synthesis in cancer cells represents a targetable vulnerability. In addition to being potential therapeutics, small molecules that manipulate translation have also been shown to influence cognitive processes such as memory. In this review, we focus on small molecule modulators that target the eukaryotic translation initiation apparatus and provide an update on their potential application to the treatment of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Chu
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Jerry Pelletier
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3G 1Y6, Canada.,Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3G 1Y6, Canada.,Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Center, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3G 1Y6, Canada
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36
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Induction of the p53 Tumor Suppressor in Cancer Cells through Inhibition of Cap-Dependent Translation. Mol Cell Biol 2018; 38:MCB.00367-17. [PMID: 29483299 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00367-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 02/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The p53 tumor suppressor plays a critical role in protecting normal cells from malignant transformation. Development of small molecules to reactivate p53 in cancer cells has been an area of intense research. We previously identified an internal ribosomal entry site (IRES) within the 5' untranslated region of p53 mRNA that mediates translation of the p53 mRNA independent of cap-dependent translation. Our results also show that in response to DNA damage, cells switch from cap-dependent translation to cap-independent translation of p53 mRNA. In the present study, we discovered a specific inhibitor of cap-dependent translation, 4EGI-1, that is capable of inducing the accumulation of p53 in cancer cells retaining wild-type p53. Our results show that 4EGI-1 causes an increase in p53 IRES activity, leading to increased translation of p53 mRNA. We also observed that 4EGI-1 induces cancer cell apoptosis in a p53-dependent manner. Furthermore, 4EGI-1 induces p53 in cancer cells without causing DNA double-strand breaks. In conclusion, we discovered a mechanistic link between inhibition of cap-dependent translation and enhanced p53 accumulation. This leads to apoptosis of cancer cells without causing collateral damage to normal cells, thus providing a novel and effective therapeutic strategy for cancer.
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37
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Shah R, Zhou A, Wagner CR. Switch-on fluorescent/FRET probes to study human histidine triad nucleotide binding protein 1 (hHint1), a novel target for opioid tolerance and neuropathic pain. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 15:10230-10237. [PMID: 29177353 DOI: 10.1039/c7ob02472j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Histidine Triad Nucleotide Binding Protein 1 (Hint1) has emerged to be an important post-synaptic protein associated with a variety of central nervous system disorders such as pain, addiction, and schizophrenia. Recently, inhibition of histidine nucleotide binding protein 1 (Hint1) with a small nucleoside inhibitor has shown promise as a new therapeutic strategy for the treatment of neuropathic pain. Herein, we describe the first rationally designed small molecule switch-on probes with dual fluorescence and FRET properties to study Hint1. Two non-natural fluorescent nucleosides with a fluorescent lifetime of 20 and 25 ns were each coupled through a linker to the indole ring, i.e. probes 7 and 8. Both probes were found to be water soluble and quenched intramolecularly via photoinduced electron transfer (PET) resulting in minimal background fluorescence. Upon incubating with Hint1, compound 7 and 8 exhibited a 40- and 16-fold increase in the fluorescence intensity compared to the control. Compounds 7 and 8 bind Hint1 with a dissociation constant of 0.121 ± 0.02 and 2.2 ± 0.36 μM, respectively. We demonstrate that probe 8 exhibits a switch-on FRET property with an active site tryptophan residue (W123). We show the utility of probes in performing quantitative ligand displacement studies, as well as in selective detection of Hint1 in the cell lysates. These probes should be useful for studying the dynamics of the active site, as well as for the development of fluorescence lifetime based high throughput screening assay to identify novel inhibitors for Hint1 in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachit Shah
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry University of Minnesota, USA.
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38
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Kozarski M, Kubacka D, Wojtczak BA, Kasprzyk R, Baranowski MR, Kowalska J. 7-Methylguanosine monophosphate analogues with 5'-(1,2,3-triazoyl) moiety: Synthesis and evaluation as the inhibitors of cNIIIB nucleotidase. Bioorg Med Chem 2017; 26:191-199. [PMID: 29195795 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2017.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Revised: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The hydrolysis of nucleoside 5'-monophosphates to the corresponding nucleosides and inorganic phosphate is catalysed by 5'-nucleotidases, thereby contributing to the control of endogenous nucleotide turnover and affecting the fate of exogenously delivered nucleotide- and nucleoside-derived therapeutics in cells. A recently identified nucleotidase cNIIIB shows preference towards 7-methylguanosine monophosphate (m7GMP) as a substrate, which suggests its potential involvement in mRNA degradation. However, the extent of biological functions and the significance of cNIIIB remains to be elucidated. Here, we synthesised a series of m7GMP analogues carrying a 1,2,3-triazole moiety at the 5' position as the potential inhibitors of human cNIIIB. The compounds were synthesised by using the copper-catalysed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) between 5'-azido-5'-deoxy-7-methylguanosine and different phosphate or phosphonate derivatives carrying terminal alkyne. The analogues were evaluated as cNIIIB inhibitors using HPLC and malachite green assays, demonstrating that compound 1a, carrying a 1,2,3-triazoylphosphonate moiety, inhibits cNIIIB activity at micromolar concentrations (IC50 87.8 ± 7.5 µM), while other analogues showed no activity. In addition, compound 1d was identified as an artifical substrate for HscNIIIB. Further characterization of inhibitor 1a revealed that it is poorly recognised by other m7G-binding proteins, eIF4E and DcpS, indicating its selectivity towards cNIIIB. The first inhibitor (1a) and unnatural substrate (1d) of cNIIIB, identified here, can be used as molecular probes for the elucidation of biological roles of cNIIIB, including the verification of its proposed function in mRNA metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Kozarski
- University of Warsaw, Faculty of Physics, Institute of Experimental Physics, Division of Biophysics, Pasteura 5, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dorota Kubacka
- University of Warsaw, Faculty of Physics, Institute of Experimental Physics, Division of Biophysics, Pasteura 5, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Blazej A Wojtczak
- University of Warsaw, Centre of New Technologies, Banacha 2c, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Renata Kasprzyk
- University of Warsaw, Centre of New Technologies, Banacha 2c, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; University of Warsaw, College of Inter-Faculty Individual Studies in Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Banacha 2c, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marek R Baranowski
- University of Warsaw, Faculty of Physics, Institute of Experimental Physics, Division of Biophysics, Pasteura 5, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Kowalska
- University of Warsaw, Faculty of Physics, Institute of Experimental Physics, Division of Biophysics, Pasteura 5, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland.
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39
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Rydzik AM, Warminski M, Sikorski PJ, Baranowski MR, Walczak S, Kowalska J, Zuberek J, Lukaszewicz M, Nowak E, W Claridge TD, Darzynkiewicz E, Nowotny M, Jemielity J. mRNA cap analogues substituted in the tetraphosphate chain with CX2: identification of O-to-CCl2 as the first bridging modification that confers resistance to decapping without impairing translation. Nucleic Acids Res 2017; 45:8661-8675. [PMID: 28666355 PMCID: PMC5587727 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkx569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Analogues of the mRNA 5'-cap are useful tools for studying mRNA translation and degradation, with emerging potential applications in novel therapeutic interventions including gene therapy. We report the synthesis of novel mono- and dinucleotide cap analogues containing dihalogenmethylenebisphosphonate moiety (i.e. one of the bridging O atom substituted with CCl2 or CF2) and their properties in the context of cellular translational and decapping machineries, compared to phosphate-unmodified and previously reported CH2-substituted caps. The analogues were bound tightly to eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (eIF4E), with CCl2-substituted analogues having the highest affinity. When incorporated into mRNA, the CCl2-substituted dinucleotide most efficiently promoted cap-dependent translation. Moreover, the CCl2-analogues were potent inhibitors of translation in rabbit reticulocyte lysate. The crystal structure of eIF4E in complex with the CCl2-analogue revealed a significantly different ligand conformation compared to that of the unmodified cap analogue, which likely contributes to the improved binding. Both CCl2- and CF2- analogues showed lower susceptibility to hydrolysis by the decapping scavenger enzyme (DcpS) and, when incorporated into RNA, conferred stability against major cellular decapping enzyme (Dcp2) to transcripts. Furthermore, the use of difluoromethylene cap analogues was exemplified by the development of 19F NMR assays for DcpS activity and eIF4E binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M Rydzik
- Division of Biophysics, Institute of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Zwirki i Wigury 93, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland.,Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Marcin Warminski
- Division of Biophysics, Institute of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Zwirki i Wigury 93, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Pawel J Sikorski
- Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Banacha 2c, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marek R Baranowski
- Division of Biophysics, Institute of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Zwirki i Wigury 93, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Sylwia Walczak
- Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Banacha 2c, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland.,College of Inter-Faculty Individual Studies in Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Warsaw, Zwirki i Wigury 93, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Kowalska
- Division of Biophysics, Institute of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Zwirki i Wigury 93, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Zuberek
- Division of Biophysics, Institute of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Zwirki i Wigury 93, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maciej Lukaszewicz
- Division of Biophysics, Institute of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Zwirki i Wigury 93, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Elzbieta Nowak
- Laboratory of Protein Structure, International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, 4 Ksiecia Trojdena Street, 02-109 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Timothy D W Claridge
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Edward Darzynkiewicz
- Division of Biophysics, Institute of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Zwirki i Wigury 93, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland.,Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Banacha 2c, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marcin Nowotny
- Laboratory of Protein Structure, International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, 4 Ksiecia Trojdena Street, 02-109 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jacek Jemielity
- Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Banacha 2c, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
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40
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Okon A, Han J, Dawadi S, Demosthenous C, Aldrich CC, Gupta M, Wagner CR. Anchimerically Activated ProTides as Inhibitors of Cap-Dependent Translation and Inducers of Chemosensitization in Mantle Cell Lymphoma. J Med Chem 2017; 60:8131-8144. [PMID: 28858511 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b00916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The cellular delivery of nucleotides through various pronucleotide strategies has expanded the utility of nucleosides as a therapeutic class. Although highly successful, the highly popular ProTide system relies on a four-step enzymatic and chemical process to liberate the corresponding monophosphate. To broaden the scope and reduce the number of steps required for monophosphate release, we have developed a strategy that depends on initial chemical activation by a sulfur atom of a methylthioalkyl protecting group, followed by enzymatic hydrolysis of the resulting phosphoramidate monoester. We have employed this ProTide strategy for intracellular delivery of a nucleotide antagonist of eIF4E in mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) cells. Furthermore, we demonstrated that chemical inhibition of cap-dependent translation results in suppression of c-Myc expression, increased p27 expression, and enhanced chemosensitization to doxorubicin, dexamethasone, and ibrutinib. In addition, the new ProTide strategy was shown to enhance oral bioavailability of the corresponding monoester phosphoramidate.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - JingJing Han
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, Mayo Clinic , Rochester, Minnesota 55905, United States
| | | | - Christos Demosthenous
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, Mayo Clinic , Rochester, Minnesota 55905, United States
| | | | - Mamta Gupta
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, George Washington University , GW Cancer Center, Washington, D.C. 20052, United States
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41
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Analysis of mononucleotides by tandem mass spectrometry: investigation of fragmentation pathways for phosphate- and ribose-modified nucleotide analogues. Sci Rep 2017; 7:8931. [PMID: 28827558 PMCID: PMC5567097 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-09416-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Synthetic nucleotide and nucleic acid analogues are useful research tools and modern therapeutics. Hence, methods for the rapid and unambiguous identification of mononucleotides derived from organic syntheses or biological materials are of broad interest. Here, we analysed over 150 mononucleotides (mostly nucleoside 5′-mono-, 5′-di-, and 5′-triphosphates) and their structurally related nucleobase-, phosphate-, and ribose-modified analogues by electrospray tandem mass spectrometry (ESI/MS/MS), identifying characteristic fragmentation ions that may be helpful in structure determination. While positive-ion mode yielded fragments derived mainly from nucleobases, negative-ion mode provided insight into the structures of phosphoryl and phosphoribosyl moieties, enabling the determination of structural features such as the number of phosphate groups and the presence of ribose or phosphate substitutions. Based on these data, we proposed fragmentation pathways that were confirmed by experiments with [18O]-isotopologues. We demonstrated the utility of ESI(−)/MS/MS in the analysis of structurally related compounds by analysing isomeric and isobaric nucleotides and applying ESI(−)/MS/MS to rapid identification of nucleotide synthesis products. We formulated general rules regarding nucleotide structure–fragmentation pattern relationships and indicating characteristic fragmentation ions for the interpretation of ESI(−)/MS/MS spectra of nucleotides and their analogues. The ESI(−)/MS/MS spectra of all nucleotides are available in an on-line database, msTide, at www.msTide-db.com.
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42
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Kratzke RA. Targeting eukaryotic protein translation in mesothelioma. Transl Lung Cancer Res 2017; 6:343-349. [PMID: 28713679 PMCID: PMC5504115 DOI: 10.21037/tlcr.2017.06.07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The default mechanism for protein translation in eukaryotes involves activation of the eIF4 complex at the 5' end of mRNA. This activity is upregulated in cancers, resulting in the expression of a variety of proteins necessary for the development and maintenance of the neoplastic state. Not surprisingly, mesothelioma demonstrates this same reliance on activation of 5' cap mediated translation. Efforts are ongoing to target and exploit our knowledge of this key molecular switch for cancer therapy. Agents targeting the critical eIF4E cap binding protein, disruption of the eIF4 complex, and exploitation for oncolytic virotherapy are some of the important areas of current research in mesothelioma protein translational research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A Kratzke
- Division of Hematology-Oncology Transplant, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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43
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Targeting IRES-Mediated p53 Synthesis for Cancer Diagnosis and Therapeutics. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18010093. [PMID: 28054974 PMCID: PMC5297727 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18010093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Revised: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
While translational regulation of p53 by the internal ribosome entry site (IRES) at its 5′-untranslated region following DNA damage has been widely accepted, the detailed mechanism underlying the translational control of p53 by its IRES sequence is still poorly understood. In this review, we will focus on the latest progress in identifying novel regulatory proteins of the p53 IRES and in uncovering the functional connection between defective IRES-mediated p53 translation and tumorigenesis. We will also discuss how these findings may lead to a better understanding of the process of oncogenesis and open up new avenues for cancer diagnosis and therapeutics.
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44
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Wang D, Ma J, Ji X, Xu F, Wei Y. miR-141 regulation of EIF4E expression affects docetaxel chemoresistance of non-small cell lung cancer. Oncol Rep 2016; 37:608-616. [DOI: 10.3892/or.2016.5214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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45
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Malka-Mahieu H, Newman M, Désaubry L, Robert C, Vagner S. Molecular Pathways: The eIF4F Translation Initiation Complex-New Opportunities for Cancer Treatment. Clin Cancer Res 2016; 23:21-25. [PMID: 27789529 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-14-2362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Revised: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The eIF4F complex regulates the cap-dependent mRNA translation process. It is becoming increasingly evident that aberrant activity of this complex is observed in many cancers, leading to the selective synthesis of proteins involved in tumor growth and metastasis. The selective translation of cellular mRNAs controlled by this complex also contributes to resistance to cancer treatments, and downregulation of the eIF4F complex components can restore sensitivity to various cancer therapies. Here, we review the contribution of the eIF4F complex to tumorigenesis, with a focus on its role in chemoresistance as well as the promising use of new small-molecule inhibitors of the complex, including flavaglines/rocaglates, hippuristanol, and pateamine A. Clin Cancer Res; 23(1); 21-25. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélène Malka-Mahieu
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR 3348, Orsay, France.,Université Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR 3348, Orsay, France.,Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Paris, France
| | - Michelle Newman
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR 3348, Orsay, France.,Université Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR 3348, Orsay, France.,Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Paris, France
| | - Laurent Désaubry
- Laboratory of Therapeutic Innovation (UMR 7200), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Strasbourg-CNRS, Illkirch, France.,Sino-French Joint Lab of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Caroline Robert
- INSERM U981, Villejuif, France. .,Institut de Cancérologie Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.,Université Paris-Sud, Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Stéphan Vagner
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR 3348, Orsay, France. .,Université Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR 3348, Orsay, France.,Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Paris, France.,INSERM U981, Villejuif, France.,Institut de Cancérologie Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
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46
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Design of nucleotide-mimetic and non-nucleotide inhibitors of the translation initiation factor eIF4E: Synthesis, structural and functional characterisation. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 124:200-217. [PMID: 27592390 PMCID: PMC5111791 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.08.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Revised: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 08/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (eIF4E) is considered as the corner stone in the cap-dependent translation initiation machinery. Its role is to recruit mRNA to the ribosome through recognition of the 5′-terminal mRNA cap structure (m7GpppN, where G is guanosine, N is any nucleotide). eIF4E is implicated in cell transformation, tumourigenesis, and angiogenesis by facilitating translation of oncogenic mRNAs; it is thus regarded as an attractive anticancer drug target. We have used two approaches to design cap-binding inhibitors of eIF4E by modifying the N7-substituent of m7GMP and replacing the phosphate group with isosteres such as squaramides, sulfonamides, and tetrazoles, as well as by structure-based virtual screening aimed at identifying non-nucleotide cap-binding antagonists. Phosphomimetic nucleotide derivatives and highly ranking virtual hits were evaluated in a series of in vitro and cell-based assays to identify the first non-nucleotide eIF4E cap-binding inhibitor with activities in cell-based assays, N-[(5,6-dihydro-6-oxo-1,3-dioxolo[4,5-g]quinolin-7-yl)methyl]-N′-(2-methyl-propyl)-N-(phenyl-methyl)thiourea (14), including down-regulation of oncogenic proteins and suppression of RNA incorporation into polysomes. Although we did not observe cellular activity with any of our modified m7GMP phosphate isostere compounds, we obtained X-ray crystallography structures of three such compounds in complex with eIF4E, 5′-deoxy-5′-(1,2-dioxo-3-hydroxycyclobut-3-en-4-yl)amino-N7-methyl-guanosine (4a), N7-3-chlorobenzyl-5′-deoxy-5′-(1,2-dioxo-3-hydroxy-cyclobut-3-en-4-yl)amino-guanosine (4f), and N7-benzyl-5′-deoxy-5′-(trifluoromethyl-sulfamoyl)guanosine (7a). Collectively, the data we present on structure-based design of eIF4E cap-binding inhibitors should facilitate the optimisation of such compounds as potential anticancer agents.
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47
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Shah R, Strom A, Zhou A, Maize KM, Finzel BC, Wagner CR. Design, Synthesis, and Characterization of Sulfamide and Sulfamate Nucleotidomimetic Inhibitors of hHint1. ACS Med Chem Lett 2016; 7:780-4. [PMID: 27563403 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.6b00169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hint1 has recently emerged to be an important target of interest due to its involvement in the regulation of a broad range of CNS functions including opioid signaling, tolerance, neuropathic pain, and nicotine dependence. A series of inhibitors were rationally designed, synthesized, and tested for their inhibitory activity against hHint1 using isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC). The studies resulted in the development of the first small-molecule inhibitors of hHint1 with submicromolar binding affinities. A combination of thermodynamic and high-resolution X-ray crystallographic studies provides an insight into the biomolecular recognition of ligands by hHint1. These novel inhibitors have potential utility as molecular probes to better understand the role and function of hHint1 in the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachit Shah
- Departments
of Medicinal Chemistry and §Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Alexander Strom
- Departments
of Medicinal Chemistry and §Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Andrew Zhou
- Departments
of Medicinal Chemistry and §Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Kimberly M. Maize
- Departments
of Medicinal Chemistry and §Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Barry C. Finzel
- Departments
of Medicinal Chemistry and §Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Carston R. Wagner
- Departments
of Medicinal Chemistry and §Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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48
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Abstract
The translation initiation factor eIF4E mediates a rate-limiting process that drives selective translation of many oncongenic proteins such as cyclin D1, survivin and VEGF, thereby contributing to tumour growth, metastasis and therapy resistance. As an essential regulatory hub in cancer signalling network, many oncogenic signalling pathways appear to converge on eIF4E. Therefore, targeting eIF4E-mediated cap-dependent translation is considered a promising anticancer strategy. This paper reviews the strategies that can be used to target eIF4E, highlighting agents that target eIF4E activity at each distinct level.
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49
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Transforming Growth Factor-β1 Induced Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition is blocked by a chemical antagonist of translation factor eIF4E. Sci Rep 2015; 5:18233. [PMID: 26678431 PMCID: PMC4683370 DOI: 10.1038/srep18233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 11/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) imparts disease-defining properties to epithelial cells in cancer and organ fibrosis. Prior studies identify EMT control points at the level of transcription and translation, and indicate that activation of translation initiation factor 4E (eIF4E) is involved in the mechanisms coordinating these two levels of control. Here we show that 4Ei-1, a specific chemical antagonist of the eIF4E-mRNA cap interaction, potently inhibits transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) mediated EMT in lung epithelial cells. Upon treatment with TGF-β1, we observed a rapid recruitment of Snail1 mRNA into the actively translated polysome pool accompanied by accumulation of the EMT transcription factor Snail1 in the nucleus. 4Ei-1 blocks ribosome recruitment to the Snail1 transcript thereby preventing accumulation of the Snail1 protein in the nucleus. Our findings establish an obligatory role for upstream translational control of downstream Snail1-mediated transcriptional events in TGF-β1 induced EMT, and provide proof of concept for efforts to pharmacologically modulate the eIF4E-cap interaction as a means to inhibit pathological EMT in the setting of cancer and organ fibrosis.
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50
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Abstract
Translational control plays a critical role in the regulation of gene expression in eukaryotes and affects many essential cellular processes, including proliferation, apoptosis and differentiation. Under most circumstances, translational control occurs at the initiation step at which the ribosome is recruited to the mRNA. The eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (eIF4E), as part of the eIF4F complex, interacts first with the mRNA and facilitates the recruitment of the 40S ribosomal subunit. The activity of eIF4E is regulated at many levels, most profoundly by two major signalling pathways: PI3K (phosphoinositide 3-kinase)/Akt (also known and Protein Kinase B, PKB)/mTOR (mechanistic/mammalian target of rapamycin) and Ras (rat sarcoma)/MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase)/Mnk (MAPK-interacting kinases). mTOR directly phosphorylates the 4E-BPs (eIF4E-binding proteins), which are inhibitors of eIF4E, to relieve translational suppression, whereas Mnk phosphorylates eIF4E to stimulate translation. Hyperactivation of these pathways occurs in the majority of cancers, which results in increased eIF4E activity. Thus, translational control via eIF4E acts as a convergence point for hyperactive signalling pathways to promote tumorigenesis. Consequently, recent works have aimed to target these pathways and ultimately the translational machinery for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadeem Siddiqui
- Department of Biochemistry and Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, 1160 Pine Avenue West, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3A 1A3
| | - Nahum Sonenberg
- Department of Biochemistry and Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, 1160 Pine Avenue West, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3A 1A3
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