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Kenison JE, Stevens NA, Quintana FJ. Therapeutic induction of antigen-specific immune tolerance. Nat Rev Immunol 2024; 24:338-357. [PMID: 38086932 PMCID: PMC11145724 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-023-00970-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
The development of therapeutic approaches for the induction of robust, long-lasting and antigen-specific immune tolerance remains an important unmet clinical need for the management of autoimmunity, allergy, organ transplantation and gene therapy. Recent breakthroughs in our understanding of immune tolerance mechanisms have opened new research avenues and therapeutic opportunities in this area. Here, we review mechanisms of immune tolerance and novel methods for its therapeutic induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica E Kenison
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nikolas A Stevens
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Francisco J Quintana
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- The Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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2
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Benne N, Ter Braake D, Porenta D, Lau CYJ, Mastrobattista E, Broere F. Autoantigen-Dexamethasone Conjugate-Loaded Liposomes Halt Arthritis Development in Mice. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2304238. [PMID: 38295848 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202304238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
There is no curative treatment for chronic auto-inflammatory diseases including rheumatoid arthritis, and current treatments can induce off-target side effects due to systemic immune suppression. This work has previously shown that dexamethasone-pulsed tolerogenic dendritic cells loaded with the arthritis-specific antigen human proteoglycan can suppress arthritis development in a proteoglycan-induced arthritis mouse model. To circumvent ex vivo dendritic cell culture, and enhance antigen-specific effects, drug delivery vehicles, such as liposomes, provide an interesting approach. Here, this work uses anionic 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoglycerol liposomes with enhanced loading of human proteoglycan-dexamethasone conjugates by cationic lysine tetramer addition. Antigen-pulsed tolerogenic dendritic cells induced by liposomal dexamethasone in vitro enhanced antigen-specific regulatory T cells to a similar extent as dexamethasone-induced tolerogenic dendritic cells. In an inflammatory adoptive transfer model, mice injected with antigen-dexamethasone liposomes have significantly higher antigen-specific type 1 regulatory T cells than mice injected with antigen only. The liposomes significantly inhibit the progression of arthritis compared to controls in preventative and therapeutic proteoglycan-induced arthritis mouse models. This coincides with systemic tolerance induction and an increase in IL10 expression in the paws of mice. In conclusion, a single administration of autoantigen and dexamethasone-loaded liposomes seems to be a promising antigen-specific treatment strategy for arthritis in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi Benne
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3584 CL, The Netherlands
| | - Daniëlle Ter Braake
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3584 CL, The Netherlands
| | - Deja Porenta
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3584 CL, The Netherlands
- Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3584 CG, The Netherlands
| | - Chun Yin Jerry Lau
- Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3584 CG, The Netherlands
- Department of Materials Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Enrico Mastrobattista
- Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3584 CG, The Netherlands
| | - Femke Broere
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3584 CL, The Netherlands
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3
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Scotland BL, Shaw JR, Dharmaraj S, Caprio N, Cottingham AL, Joy Martín Lasola J, Sung JJ, Pearson RM. Cell and biomaterial delivery strategies to induce immune tolerance. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2023; 203:115141. [PMID: 37980950 PMCID: PMC10842132 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2023.115141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of immune-mediated disorders, including autoimmune conditions and allergies, is steadily increasing. However, current therapeutic approaches are often non-specific and do not address the underlying pathogenic condition, often resulting in impaired immunity and a state of generalized immunosuppression. The emergence of technologies capable of selectively inhibiting aberrant immune activation in a targeted, antigen (Ag)-specific manner by exploiting the body's intrinsic tolerance pathways, all without inducing adverse side effects, holds significant promise to enhance patient outcomes. In this review, we will describe the body's natural mechanisms of central and peripheral tolerance as well as innovative delivery strategies using cells and biomaterials targeting innate and adaptive immune cells to promote Ag-specific immune tolerance. Additionally, we will discuss the challenges and future opportunities that warrant consideration as we navigate the path toward clinical implementation of tolerogenic strategies to treat immune-mediated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brianna L Scotland
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, 20 N. Pine Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States
| | - Jacob R Shaw
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 685 W. Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States
| | - Shruti Dharmaraj
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, 20 N. Pine Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States
| | - Nicholas Caprio
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, 20 N. Pine Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States
| | - Andrea L Cottingham
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, 20 N. Pine Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States
| | - Jackline Joy Martín Lasola
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 685 W. Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States
| | - Junsik J Sung
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, 20 N. Pine Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States
| | - Ryan M Pearson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, 20 N. Pine Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 685 W. Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States; Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 22 S. Greene Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States.
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4
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Kim A, Xie F, Abed OA, Moon JJ. Vaccines for immune tolerance against autoimmune disease. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2023; 203:115140. [PMID: 37980949 PMCID: PMC10757742 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2023.115140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
The high prevalence and rising incidence of autoimmune diseases have become a prominent public health issue. Autoimmune disorders result from the immune system erroneously attacking the body's own healthy cells and tissues, causing persistent inflammation, tissue injury, and impaired organ function. Existing treatments primarily rely on broad immunosuppression, leaving patients vulnerable to infections and necessitating lifelong treatments. To address these unmet needs, an emerging frontier of vaccine development aims to restore immune equilibrium by inducing immune tolerance to autoantigens, offering a potential avenue for a cure rather than mere symptom management. We discuss this burgeoning field of vaccine development against inflammation and autoimmune diseases, with a focus on common autoimmune disorders, including multiple sclerosis, type 1 diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, and systemic lupus erythematosus. Vaccine-based strategies provide a new pathway for the future of autoimmune disease therapeutics, heralding a new era in the battle against inflammation and autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- April Kim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Fang Xie
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Omar A Abed
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - James J Moon
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 48109, USA.
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5
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Calvillo-Robledo A, Ramírez-Farías C, Valdez-Urias F, Huerta-Carreón EP, Quintanar-Stephano A. Arginine vasopressin hormone receptor antagonists in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis rodent models: A new approach for human multiple sclerosis treatment. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1138627. [PMID: 36998727 PMCID: PMC10043225 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1138627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic demyelinating and neurodegenerative disease that affects the central nervous system. MS is a heterogeneous disorder of multiple factors that are mainly associated with the immune system including the breakdown of the blood-brain and spinal cord barriers induced by T cells, B cells, antigen presenting cells, and immune components such as chemokines and pro-inflammatory cytokines. The incidence of MS has been increasing worldwide recently, and most therapies related to its treatment are associated with the development of several secondary effects, such as headaches, hepatotoxicity, leukopenia, and some types of cancer; therefore, the search for an effective treatment is ongoing. The use of animal models of MS continues to be an important option for extrapolating new treatments. Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) replicates the several pathophysiological features of MS development and clinical signs, to obtain a potential treatment for MS in humans and improve the disease prognosis. Currently, the exploration of neuro-immune-endocrine interactions represents a highlight of interest in the treatment of immune disorders. The arginine vasopressin hormone (AVP) is involved in the increase in blood−brain barrier permeability, inducing the development and aggressiveness of the disease in the EAE model, whereas its deficiency improves the clinical signs of the disease. Therefore, this present review discussed on the use of conivaptan a blocker of AVP receptors type 1a and type 2 (V1a and V2 AVP) in the modulation of immune response without completely depleting its activity, minimizing the adverse effects associated with the conventional therapies becoming a potential therapeutic target in the treatment of patients with multiple sclerosis.
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6
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Damavandi AR, Mirmosayyeb O, Ebrahimi N, Zalpoor H, khalilian P, Yahiazadeh S, Eskandari N, Rahdar A, Kumar PS, Pandey S. Advances in nanotechnology versus stem cell therapy for the theranostics of multiple sclerosis disease. APPLIED NANOSCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s13204-022-02698-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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7
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Stiepel RT, Pena ES, Ehrenzeller SA, Gallovic MD, Lifshits LM, Genito CJ, Bachelder EM, Ainslie KM. A predictive mechanistic model of drug release from surface eroding polymeric nanoparticles. J Control Release 2022; 351:883-895. [PMID: 36208792 PMCID: PMC10407653 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.09.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Effective drug delivery requires ample dosing at the target tissue while minimizing negative side effects. Drug delivery vehicles such as polymeric nanoparticles (NPs) are often employed to accomplish this challenge. In this work, drug release of numerous drugs from surface eroding polymeric NPs was evaluated in vitro in physiologically relevant pH 5 and neutral buffers. NPs were loaded with paclitaxel, rapamycin, resiquimod, or doxorubicin and made from an FDA approved polyanhydride or from acetalated dextran (Ace-DEX), which has tunable degradation rates based on cyclic acetal coverage (CAC). By varying encapsulate, pH condition, and polymer, a range of distinct drug release profiles were achieved. To model the obtained drug release curves, a mechanistic mathematical model was constructed based on drug diffusion and polymer degradation. The resulting diffusion-erosion model accurately described drug release from the variety of surface eroding NPs. For drug release from varied CAC Ace-DEX NPs, the goodness of fit of the developed diffusion-erosion model was compared to several conventional drug release models. The diffusion-erosion model maintained optimal fit compared to conventional models across a range of conditions. Machine learning was then employed to estimate effective diffusion coefficients for the diffusion-erosion model, resulting in accurate prediction of in vitro release of dexamethasone and 3'3'-cyclic guanosine monophosphate-adenosine monophosphate from Ace-DEX NPs. This predictive modeling has potential to aid in the design of future Ace-DEX formulations where optimized drug release kinetics can lead to a desired therapeutic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca T Stiepel
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA
| | - Erik S Pena
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA
| | - Stephen A Ehrenzeller
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA
| | | | - Liubov M Lifshits
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA
| | - Christopher J Genito
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, UNC School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, USA
| | - Eric M Bachelder
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA
| | - Kristy M Ainslie
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA; Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA; Department of Microbiology & Immunology, UNC School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, USA.
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8
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Madamsetty VS, Mohammadinejad R, Uzieliene I, Nabavi N, Dehshahri A, García-Couce J, Tavakol S, Moghassemi S, Dadashzadeh A, Makvandi P, Pardakhty A, Aghaei Afshar A, Seyfoddin A. Dexamethasone: Insights into Pharmacological Aspects, Therapeutic Mechanisms, and Delivery Systems. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2022; 8:1763-1790. [PMID: 35439408 PMCID: PMC9045676 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.2c00026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Dexamethasone (DEX) has been widely used to treat a variety of diseases, including autoimmune diseases, allergies, ocular disorders, cancer, and, more recently, COVID-19. However, DEX usage is often restricted in the clinic due to its poor water solubility. When administered through a systemic route, it can elicit severe side effects, such as hypertension, peptic ulcers, hyperglycemia, and hydro-electrolytic disorders. There is currently much interest in developing efficient DEX-loaded nanoformulations that ameliorate adverse disease effects inhibiting advancements in scientific research. Various nanoparticles have been developed to selectively deliver drugs without destroying healthy cells or organs in recent years. In the present review, we have summarized some of the most attractive applications of DEX-loaded delivery systems, including liposomes, polymers, hydrogels, nanofibers, silica, calcium phosphate, and hydroxyapatite. This review provides our readers with a broad spectrum of nanomedicine approaches to deliver DEX safely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Sagar Madamsetty
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Jacksonville, Florida 32224, United States
| | - Reza Mohammadinejad
- Research Center of Tropical and Infectious Diseases, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman 7618866749, Iran
| | - Ilona Uzieliene
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Santariskiu 5, LT-08406 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Noushin Nabavi
- Department of Urologic Sciences, Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6H 3Z6
| | - Ali Dehshahri
- Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 7146864685, Iran
| | - Jomarien García-Couce
- Department of Radiology, Division of Translational Nanobiomaterials and Imaging, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333 ZA, The Netherlands
- Department of Polymeric Biomaterials, Biomaterials Center (BIOMAT), University of Havana, Havana 10600, Cuba
| | - Shima Tavakol
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1417755469, Iran
| | - Saeid Moghassemi
- Pôle de Recherche en Gynécologie, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels 1200, Belgium
| | - Arezoo Dadashzadeh
- Pôle de Recherche en Gynécologie, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels 1200, Belgium
| | - Pooyan Makvandi
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Centre for Micro-BioRobotics, Viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, 56025 Pontedera, Pisa, Italy
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14496-14535, Iran
| | - Abbas Pardakhty
- Pharmaceutics Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman 7618866748, Iran
| | - Abbas Aghaei Afshar
- Research Center of Tropical and Infectious Diseases, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman 7618866749, Iran
| | - Ali Seyfoddin
- Drug Delivery Research Group, Auckland University of Technology (AUT), School of Science, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
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9
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Benne N, Ter Braake D, Stoppelenburg AJ, Broere F. Nanoparticles for Inducing Antigen-Specific T Cell Tolerance in Autoimmune Diseases. Front Immunol 2022; 13:864403. [PMID: 35392079 PMCID: PMC8981588 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.864403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases affect many people worldwide. Current treatment modalities focus on the reduction of disease symptoms using anti-inflammatory drugs which can lead to side effects due to systemic immune suppression. Restoration of immune tolerance by down-regulating auto-reactive cells in an antigen-specific manner is currently the “holy grail” for the treatment of autoimmune diseases. A promising strategy is the use of nanoparticles that can deliver antigens to antigen-presenting cells which in turn can enhance antigen-specific regulatory T cells. In this review, we highlight some promising cell targets (e.g. liver sinusoidal endothelial cells and splenic marginal zone macrophages) for exploiting natural immune tolerance processes, and several strategies by which antigen-carrying nanoparticles can target these cells. We also discuss how nanoparticles carrying immunomodulators may be able to activate tolerance in other antigen-presenting cell types. Finally, we discuss some important aspects that must be taken into account when translating data from animal studies to patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi Benne
- Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Daniëlle Ter Braake
- Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Arie Jan Stoppelenburg
- Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Department of Rheumatology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Department of Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Femke Broere
- Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
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10
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Rahiman N, Mohammadi M, Alavizadeh SH, Arabi L, Badiee A, Jaafari MR. Recent advancements in nanoparticle-mediated approaches for restoration of multiple sclerosis. J Control Release 2022; 343:620-644. [PMID: 35176392 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease with complicated immunopathology which necessitates considering multifactorial aspects for its management. Nano-sized pharmaceutical carriers named nanoparticles (NPs) can support impressive management of disease not only in early detection and prognosis level but also in a therapeutic manner. The most prominent initiator of MS is the domination of cellular immunity to humoral immunity and increment of inflammatory cytokines. The administration of several platforms of NPs for MS management holds great promise so far. The efforts for MS management through in vitro and in vivo (experimental animal models) evaluations, pave a new way to a highly efficient therapeutic means and aiding its translation to the clinic in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niloufar Rahiman
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Marzieh Mohammadi
- Department of pharmaceutics, School of pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Targeted Drug Delivery Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyedeh Hoda Alavizadeh
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Leila Arabi
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ali Badiee
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Reza Jaafari
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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11
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Bentley ER, Little SR. Local delivery strategies to restore immune homeostasis in the context of inflammation. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 178:113971. [PMID: 34530013 PMCID: PMC8556365 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.113971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Immune homeostasis is maintained by a precise balance between effector immune cells and regulatory immune cells. Chronic deviations from immune homeostasis, driven by a greater ratio of effector to regulatory cues, can promote the development and propagation of inflammatory diseases/conditions (i.e., autoimmune diseases, transplant rejection, etc.). Current methods to treat chronic inflammation rely upon systemic administration of non-specific small molecules, resulting in broad immunosuppression with unwanted side effects. Consequently, recent studies have developed more localized and specific immunomodulatory approaches to treat inflammation through the use of local biomaterial-based delivery systems. In particular, this review focuses on (1) local biomaterial-based delivery systems, (2) common materials used for polymeric-delivery systems and (3) emerging immunomodulatory trends used to treat inflammation with increased specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth R Bentley
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, 302 Benedum Hall, 3700 O'Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, United States.
| | - Steven R Little
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, 302 Benedum Hall, 3700 O'Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, United States; Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, 940 Benedum Hall, 3700 O'Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States; Department of Clinical and Translational Science, University of Pittsburgh, Forbes Tower, Suite 7057, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States; McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 450 Technology Drive, Suite 300, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, United States; Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, 3501 Terrace Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States; Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh, 203 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States.
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12
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Nuzzo D, Picone P. Multiple Sclerosis: Focus on Extracellular and Artificial Vesicles, Nanoparticles as Potential Therapeutic Approaches. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:8866. [PMID: 34445572 PMCID: PMC8396338 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease of the Central Nervous System, characterized by an inflammatory process leading to the destruction of myelin with neuronal death and neurodegeneration. In MS, lymphocytes cross the blood-brain barrier, creating inflammatory demyelinated plaques located primarily in the white matter. MS potential treatments involve various mechanisms of action on immune cells, immunosuppression, inhibition of the passage through the blood-brain barrier, and immunotolerance. Bio-nanotechnology represents a promising approach to improve the treatment of autoimmune diseases by its ability to affect the immune responses. The use of nanotechnology has been actively investigated for the development of new MS therapies. In this review, we summarize the results of the studies on natural and artificial vesicles and nanoparticles, and take a look to the future clinical perspectives for their application in the MS therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Nuzzo
- Istituto per la Ricerca e l’Innovazione Biomedica, CNR, via U. La Malfa 153, 90146 Palermo, Italy;
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Pasquale Picone
- Istituto per la Ricerca e l’Innovazione Biomedica, CNR, via U. La Malfa 153, 90146 Palermo, Italy;
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo, Italy
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13
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Emerson AE, Slaby EM, Hiremath SC, Weaver JD. Biomaterial-based approaches to engineering immune tolerance. Biomater Sci 2021; 8:7014-7032. [PMID: 33179649 DOI: 10.1039/d0bm01171a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The development of biomaterial-based therapeutics to induce immune tolerance holds great promise for the treatment of autoimmune diseases, allergy, and graft rejection in transplantation. Historical approaches to treat these immunological challenges have primarily relied on systemic delivery of broadly-acting immunosuppressive agents that confer undesirable, off-target effects. The evolution and expansion of biomaterial platforms has proven to be a powerful tool in engineering immunotherapeutics and enabled a great diversity of novel and targeted approaches in engineering immune tolerance, with the potential to eliminate side effects associated with systemic, non-specific immunosuppressive approaches. In this review, we summarize the technological advances within three broad biomaterials-based strategies to engineering immune tolerance: nonspecific tolerogenic agent delivery, antigen-specific tolerogenic therapy, and the emergent area of tolerogenic cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy E Emerson
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA.
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14
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Wang S, Fontana F, Shahbazi MA, Santos HA. Acetalated dextran based nano- and microparticles: synthesis, fabrication, and therapeutic applications. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:4212-4229. [PMID: 33913978 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc00811k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Acetalated dextran (Ac-DEX) is a pH-responsive dextran derivative polymer. Prepared by a simple acetalation reaction, Ac-DEX has tunable acid-triggered release profile. Despite its relatively short research history, Ac-DEX has shown great potential in various therapeutic applications. Furthermore, the recent functionalization of Ac-DEX makes versatile derivatives with additional properties. Herein, we summarize the cutting-edge development of Ac-DEX and related polymers. Specifically, we focus on the chemical synthesis, nano- and micro-particle fabrication techniques, the controlled-release mechanisms, and the rational design Ac-DEX-based of drug delivery systems in various biomedical applications. Finally, we briefly discuss the challenges and future perspectives in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiqi Wang
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Flavia Fontana
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Mohammad-Ali Shahbazi
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland. and Zanjan Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology Research Center (ZPNRC), Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, 45139-56184 Zanjan, Iran and Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, 45139-56184 Zanjan, Iran
| | - Hélder A Santos
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland. and Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
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15
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Derdelinckx J, Cras P, Berneman ZN, Cools N. Antigen-Specific Treatment Modalities in MS: The Past, the Present, and the Future. Front Immunol 2021; 12:624685. [PMID: 33679769 PMCID: PMC7933447 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.624685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Antigen-specific therapy for multiple sclerosis may lead to a more effective therapy by induction of tolerance to a wide range of myelin-derived antigens without hampering the normal surveillance and effector function of the immune system. Numerous attempts to restore tolerance toward myelin-derived antigens have been made over the past decades, both in animal models of multiple sclerosis and in clinical trials for multiple sclerosis patients. In this review, we will give an overview of the current approaches for antigen-specific therapy that are in clinical development for multiple sclerosis as well provide an insight into the challenges for future antigen-specific treatment strategies for multiple sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Derdelinckx
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute (VaxInfectio), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Division of Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Patrick Cras
- Division of Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium.,Born Bunge Institute, Translational Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Zwi N Berneman
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute (VaxInfectio), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Center for Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Nathalie Cools
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute (VaxInfectio), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Center for Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
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16
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PEGylation enables subcutaneously administered nanoparticles to induce antigen-specific immune tolerance. J Control Release 2021; 331:164-175. [PMID: 33450320 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The development of nanomaterials to induce antigen-specific immune tolerance has shown promise for treating autoimmune diseases. While PEGylation has been widely used to reduce host immune responses to nanomaterials, its tolerogenic potential has not been reported. Here, we report for the first time that a subcutaneous injection of PEGylated poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) nanoparticles containing auto-antigen peptide MOG35-55 without any tolerogenic drugs is sufficient to dramatically ameliorate symptoms after disease onset in an antigen-specific manner in a mouse model of multiple sclerosis. Neither free MOG35-55 nor particles without PEG exhibit this efficacy. Interestingly, mechanistic studies indicate that PEGylation of nanoparticles does not reduce dendritic cell activation through direct nanoparticle-cell interactions. Instead, PEGylated nanoparticles induce lower complement activation, neutrophil recruitment, and co-stimulatory molecule expression on dendritic cells around the injection sitecompared to non-PEGylated PLGA nanoparticles, creating a more tolerogenic microenvironment in vivo. We further demonstrate that the locally recruited dendritic cells traffic to lymphoid organs to induce T cell tolerance. These results highlight the critical role of surface properties of nanomaterials in inducing immune tolerance via subcutaneous administration.
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17
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Sands RW, Tabansky I, Verbeke CS, Keskin D, Michel S, Stern J, Mooney DJ. Steroid-Peptide Immunoconjugates for Attenuating T Cell Responses in an Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis Murine Model of Multiple Sclerosis. Bioconjug Chem 2020; 31:2779-2788. [PMID: 33284575 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.0c00582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Diseases of immunity, including autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis, transplantation graft rejection, allergy, and asthma, are prevalent and increasing in prevalence. They contribute to significant morbidity and mortality; however, few if any curative therapies exist, and those that are available lack either potency or specificity. Dendritic cells (DCs) are sentinels of the immune system that connect the innate and adaptive immune system and are critical regulators of both immunity and tolerance. We posited that the tolerogenic potential of DC could be harnessed to develop more specific and potent therapies for diseases of immunity by delivering autoantigen to a sufficient number of tolerogenic DCs in situ that could then inhibit pathogenic effector T cell responses. Specifically, we hypothesized that the steroid dexamethasone covalently coupled to a peptide antigen could be processed by DCs, induce tolerogenic DCs, and attenuate antigen-specific pathogenic T cell responses. To test this hypothesis, we synthesized a series of dexamethasone-peptide immunoconjugates by standard solid-phase peptide synthesis. The antigenic portion of the immunoconjugate could be presented by DCs, and the immunoconjugate induced a tolerogenic phenotype in DCs that then inhibited antigen-specific T cell proliferation in vitro. When the immunoconjugate was administered prophylactically in the murine experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis model of multiple sclerosis, disease was attenuated compared to dexamethasone and peptide delivered as uncoupled components. Together, this work demonstrates the utility of immunoconjugates for inducing tolerance while establishing the foundation for future studies exploring methods to enrich and target DCs for tolerogenic therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Warren Sands
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States.,Wyss Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States.,Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Inna Tabansky
- Department of Autoimmunity, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, New York 11030, United States.,Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
| | - Catia S Verbeke
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States.,Wyss Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Derin Keskin
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States.,Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States.,The Translational Immunogenomics Lab (TIGL), Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Samuel Michel
- Department of Surgery, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado 80045, United States.,Surgical Associates P.L.L.C., Olympia, Washington 98506, United States
| | - Joel Stern
- Department of Autoimmunity, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, New York 11030, United States.,Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10065, United States.,The Departments of Neurology, Surgery, Molecular Medicine, and Science Education, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, New York 11549, United States
| | - David J Mooney
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States.,Wyss Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
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18
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Zeng Y, Li Z, Zhu H, Gu Z, Zhang H, Luo K. Recent Advances in Nanomedicines for Multiple Sclerosis Therapy. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2020; 3:6571-6597. [PMID: 35019387 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c00953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yujun Zeng
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zhiqian Li
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Hongyan Zhu
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zhongwei Gu
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Hu Zhang
- Amgen Bioprocessing Centre, Keck Graduate Institute, Claremont, California 91711, United States
| | - Kui Luo
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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19
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Teixeira NB, Picolo G, Giardini AC, Boumezbeur F, Pottier G, Kuhnast B, Servent D, Benoit E. Alterations of peripheral nerve excitability in an experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis mouse model for multiple sclerosis. J Neuroinflammation 2020; 17:266. [PMID: 32894170 PMCID: PMC7487851 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-020-01936-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is the most commonly used and clinically relevant murine model for human multiple sclerosis (MS), a demyelinating autoimmune disease characterized by mononuclear cell infiltration into the central nervous system (CNS). The aim of the present study was to appraise the alterations, poorly documented in the literature, which may occur at the peripheral nervous system (PNS) level. Methods To this purpose, a multiple evaluation of peripheral nerve excitability was undertaken, by means of a minimally invasive electrophysiological method, in EAE mice immunized with the myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) 35-55 peptide, an experimental model for MS that reproduces, in animals, the anatomical and behavioral alterations observed in humans with MS, including CNS inflammation, demyelination of neurons, and motor abnormalities. Additionally, the myelin sheath thickness of mouse sciatic nerves was evaluated using transmission electronic microscopy. Results As expected, the mean clinical score of mice, daily determined to describe the symptoms associated to the EAE progression, increased within about 18 days after immunization for EAE mice while it remained null for all control animals. The multiple evaluation of peripheral nerve excitability, performed in vivo 2 and 4 weeks after immunization, reveals that the main modifications of EAE mice, compared to control animals, are a decrease of the maximal compound action potential (CAP) amplitude and of the stimulation intensity necessary to generate a CAP with a 50% maximum amplitude. In addition, and in contrast to control mice, at least 2 CAPs were recorded following a single stimulation in EAE animals, reflecting various populations of sensory and motor nerve fibers having different CAP conduction speeds, as expected if a demyelinating process occurred in the PNS of these animals. In contrast, single CAPs were always recorded from the sensory and motor nerve fibers of control mice having more homogeneous CAP conduction speeds. Finally, the myelin sheath thickness of sciatic nerves of EAE mice was decreased 4 weeks after immunization when compared to control animals. Conclusions In conclusion, the loss of immunological self-tolerance to MOG in EAE mice or in MS patients may not be only attributed to the restricted expression of this antigen in the immunologically privileged environment of the CNS but also of the PNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalia Bernardes Teixeira
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), Service d'Ingénierie Moléculaire pour la Santé (SIMoS), ERL CNRS 9004, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.,Laboratory of Pain and Signaling, Butantan Institute, São Paulo, Brazil.,Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, NeuroSpin, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Gisele Picolo
- Laboratory of Pain and Signaling, Butantan Institute, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Denis Servent
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), Service d'Ingénierie Moléculaire pour la Santé (SIMoS), ERL CNRS 9004, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Evelyne Benoit
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), Service d'Ingénierie Moléculaire pour la Santé (SIMoS), ERL CNRS 9004, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
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20
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Kwiatkowski AJ, Stewart JM, Cho JJ, Avram D, Keselowsky BG. Nano and Microparticle Emerging Strategies for Treatment of Autoimmune Diseases: Multiple Sclerosis and Type 1 Diabetes. Adv Healthc Mater 2020; 9:e2000164. [PMID: 32519501 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202000164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases affect 10% of the world's population, and 1 in 200 people worldwide suffer from either multiple sclerosis (MS) or type 1 diabetes (T1D). While the targeted organ systems are different, MS and T1D share similarities in terms of autoreactive immune cells playing a critical role in pathogenesis. Both diseases can be managed only symptomatically without curative remission, and treatment options are limited and non-specific. Most current therapies cause some degree of systemic immune suppression, leaving the patients susceptible to opportunistic infections and other complications. Thus, there is considerable interest in the development of immunotherapies not associated with generalized immune suppression for these diseases. This review presents current and preclinical strategies for MS and T1D treatment, emphasizing those aimed to modulate the immune response, including the most recent strategies for tolerance induction. A central focus is on the emerging approaches using nano- and microparticle platforms, their evolution as immunotherapeutic carriers, including those incorporating specific antigens to induce tolerance and reduce unwanted generalized immune suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander J Kwiatkowski
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Joshua M Stewart
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Jonathan J Cho
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Dorina Avram
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
- UF Health Cancer Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Benjamin G Keselowsky
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
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21
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Braga CB, Kido LA, Lima EN, Lamas CA, Cagnon VHA, Ornelas C, Pilli RA. Enhancing the Anticancer Activity and Selectivity of Goniothalamin Using pH-Sensitive Acetalated Dextran (Ac-Dex) Nanoparticles: A Promising Platform for Delivery of Natural Compounds. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2020; 6:2929-2942. [PMID: 33463303 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.0c00057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Goniothalamin (GTN), a natural compound isolated from Goniothalamus species, has previously demonstrated cytotoxic activity against several cancer cell lines. However, similarly to many natural and synthetic anticancer compounds, GTN presents toxicity toward some healthy cells and low aqueous solubility, decreasing its bioavailability and precluding its application as an antineoplastic drug. In our efforts to improve the pharmacokinetic behavior and selectivity of GTN against cancer cells, we developed a polymeric nanosystem, in which rac-GTN was encapsulated in pH-responsive acetalated dextran (Ac-Dex) nanoparticles (NPs) with high loadings of the bioactive compound. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) analysis showed that the nanoparticles obtained presented a narrow size distribution of around 100 nm in diameter, whereas electron microscopy (EM) images showed nanoparticles with a regular spherical morphology in agreement with the size range obtained by DLS. Stability and release studies indicated that the GTN@Ac-Dex NPs presented high stability under physiological conditions (pH 7.4) and disassembled under slightly acidic conditions (pH 5.5), releasing the rac-GTN in a sustained manner. In vitro assays showed that GTN@Ac-Dex NPs significantly increased cytotoxicity and selectivity against cancer cells when compared with the empty Ac-Dex NPs and the free rac-GNT. Cellular uptake and morphology studies using MCF-7 cells demonstrated that GTN@Ac-Dex NPs are rapidly internalized into the cancer cells, causing cell death. In vivo investigation confirmed the efficient release of rac-GTN from GTN@Ac-Dex NPs, resulting in the delay of prostate cancer progression in transgenic adenocarcinoma of the mouse prostate (TRAMP) model. Furthermore, liver histopathology evaluation after treatment with GTN@Ac-Dex NPs showed no evidence of toxicity. Therefore, the in vitro and in vivo findings suggest that the Ac-Dex NPs are a promising nanosystem for the sustained delivery of rac-GTN into tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyne B Braga
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), P.O. Box 6154, CEP 13083-970 Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Larissa A Kido
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), P.O. Box 6109, CEP 13083-865 Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ellen N Lima
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), P.O. Box 6109, CEP 13083-865 Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Celina A Lamas
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), P.O. Box 6109, CEP 13083-865 Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Valéria H A Cagnon
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), P.O. Box 6109, CEP 13083-865 Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Catia Ornelas
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), P.O. Box 6154, CEP 13083-970 Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ronaldo A Pilli
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), P.O. Box 6154, CEP 13083-970 Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
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22
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Saito E, Kuo R, Kramer KR, Gohel N, Giles DA, Moore BB, Miller SD, Shea LD. Design of biodegradable nanoparticles to modulate phenotypes of antigen-presenting cells for antigen-specific treatment of autoimmune disease. Biomaterials 2019; 222:119432. [PMID: 31480002 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2019.119432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Current therapeutic options for autoimmune diseases, such as multiple sclerosis (MS), often require lifelong treatment with immunosuppressive drugs, yet strategies for antigen-specific immunomodulation are emerging. Biodegradable particles loaded with disease-specific antigen, either alone or with immunomodulators, have been reported to ameliorate disease. Herein, we hypothesized that the carrier could impact polarization of the immune cells that associate with particles and the subsequent disease progression. Single injection of three polymeric carriers, 50:50 poly (DL-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLG) with two molecular weights (Low, High) and poly (DL-lactide) (PLA), loaded with the disease-specific antigen, proteolipid protein (PLP139-151), were investigated for the ability to attenuate clinical scores in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a mouse model of MS. At a low particle dose, mice treated with PLA-based particles had significantly lower clinical scores at the chronic stage of the disease over 200 days post immunization, while neither PLG-based particles nor OVA control particles reduced the clinical scores. Compared to PLG-based particles, PLA-based particles were largely associated with Kupffer cells and liver sinusoidal endothelial cells, which had a reduced co-stimulatory molecule expression that correlated with a reduction of CD4+ T-cell populations in the central nervous system. Delivery of PLA-based particles encapsulated with higher levels of PLP139-151 at a reduced dose were able to completely ameliorate EAE over 200 days along with inhibition of Th1 and Th17 polarization. Collectively, our study demonstrates that the carrier properties and antigen loading determine phenotypes of immune cells in the peripheral organs, influencing the amelioration of both acute and chronic stages of autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eiji Saito
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Robert Kuo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Kevin R Kramer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Nishant Gohel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - David A Giles
- Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA
| | - Bethany B Moore
- Department of Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA
| | - Stephen D Miller
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA; Chemistry of Life Processes Institute (CLP), Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA; The Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
| | - Lonnie D Shea
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA; Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
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Electrospray for generation of drug delivery and vaccine particles applied in vitro and in vivo. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 105:110070. [PMID: 31546372 PMCID: PMC10366704 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.110070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Also known as electrospray, electrohydrodynamic atomization has been used extensively in the last 15 years to develop polymer-based particles for drug delivery in cell and animal models. More recently, novel core-shell, multi-axial, and other electrospray particles have been developed from an array of polymers for a variety of biomedical applications. This review focuses on electrospray as a novel method of particle fabrication for drug delivery, specifically highlighting the applications of these particle systems in cell culture and animal models while also discussing polymers used for particle fabrication. Applications of electrospray particles to treat glioma, ovarian cancer, and breast cancer are reviewed. Additionally, delivery of antibiotics, gene therapy, and bacterial cells formulated in electrospray particles is discussed. Finally, vaccines as well as drug eluting particles for differentiation of stem cells and tissue engineering are highlighted. The article concludes with a discussion of where the future of electrospray technology can go to strengthen its foothold in the biomedical field.
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24
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Nally FK, De Santi C, McCoy CE. Nanomodulation of Macrophages in Multiple Sclerosis. Cells 2019; 8:cells8060543. [PMID: 31195710 PMCID: PMC6628349 DOI: 10.3390/cells8060543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a chronic demyelinating autoimmune disease primarily affecting young adults. Despite an unclear causal factor, symptoms and pathology arise from the infiltration of peripheral immune cells across the blood brain barrier. Accounting for the largest fraction of this infiltrate, macrophages are functionally heterogeneous innate immune cells capable of adopting either a pro or an anti-inflammatory phenotype, a phenomenon dependent upon cytokine milieu in the CNS. This functional plasticity is of key relevance in MS, where the pro-inflammatory state dominates the early stage, instructing demyelination and axonal loss while the later anti-inflammatory state holds a key role in promoting tissue repair and regeneration in later remission. This review highlights a potential therapeutic benefit of modulating macrophage polarisation to harness the anti-inflammatory and reparative state in MS. Here, we outline the role of macrophages in MS and look at the role of current FDA approved therapeutics in macrophage polarisation. Moreover, we explore the potential of particulate carriers as a novel strategy to manipulate polarisation states in macrophages, whilst examining how optimising macrophage uptake via nanoparticle size and functionalisation could offer a novel therapeutic approach for MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frances K Nally
- Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St Stephen's Green, 2 D02 YN77 Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Chiara De Santi
- Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St Stephen's Green, 2 D02 YN77 Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Claire E McCoy
- Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St Stephen's Green, 2 D02 YN77 Dublin, Ireland.
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25
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Oakes RS, Froimchuk E, Jewell CM. Engineering Biomaterials to Direct Innate Immunity. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2019; 2:1800157. [PMID: 31236439 PMCID: PMC6590522 DOI: 10.1002/adtp.201800157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Small alterations during early stages of innate immune response can drive large changes in how adaptive immune cells develop and function during protective immunity or disease. Controlling these events creates exciting potential in development of immune engineered vaccines and therapeutics. This progress report discusses recent biomaterial technologies exploiting innate immunity to dissect immune function and to design new vaccines and immunotherapies for infectious diseases, cancer, and autoimmunity. Across these examples, an important idea is the possibility to co-opt innate immune mechanisms to enhance immunity during infection and cancer. During inflammatory or autoimmune disease, some of these same innate immune mechanisms can be manipulated in different ways to control excess inflammation by promotion of immunological tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. S. Oakes
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, 8278 Paint Branch Drive, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - E. Froimchuk
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, 8278 Paint Branch Drive, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - C. M. Jewell
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, 8278 Paint Branch Drive, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
- United States Department of Veterans Affairs, VA Maryland Health Care System, 10. N Green Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland Medical School, 685 West Baltimore Street, HSF-I Suite 380, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, 22 South Greene Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
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Pickens CJ, Christopher MA, Leon MA, Pressnall MM, Johnson SN, Thati S, Sullivan BP, Berkland C. Antigen-Drug Conjugates as a Novel Therapeutic Class for the Treatment of Antigen-Specific Autoimmune Disorders. Mol Pharm 2019; 16:2452-2461. [PMID: 31083955 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.9b00063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis represents the world's most common cause of neurological disability in young people and is attributed to a loss of immune tolerance toward proteins of the myelin sheath. Typical treatment options for MS patients involve immunomodulatory drugs, which act nonspecifically, resulting in global immunosuppression. The study discussed herein aims to demonstrate the efficacy of antigen-specific immunotherapies involving the conjugation of disease causing autoantigen, PLP139-151, and a potent immunosuppressant, dexamethasone. Antigen-drug conjugates (AgDCs) were formed using copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition chemistry with the inclusion of a hydrolyzable linker to maintain the activity of released dexamethasone. Subcutaneous administration of this antigen-drug conjugates to SJL mice induced with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, protected the mice from a symptom onset throughout the 25 day study, demonstrating enhanced efficacy in comparison to dexamethasone treatment. These results highlight the benefits of co-delivery of autoantigens with immunosuppressant drugs as AgDCs for the treatment of autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chad J Pickens
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry , University of Kansas , 2095 Constant Avenue , Lawrence , Kansas 66047 , United States
| | - Matthew A Christopher
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry , University of Kansas , 2095 Constant Avenue , Lawrence , Kansas 66047 , United States
| | - Martin A Leon
- Department of Chemistry , University of Kansas , 1567 Irving Hill Road , Lawrence , Kansas 66045 , United States
| | - Melissa M Pressnall
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry , University of Kansas , 2095 Constant Avenue , Lawrence , Kansas 66047 , United States
| | - Stephanie N Johnson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry , University of Kansas , 2095 Constant Avenue , Lawrence , Kansas 66047 , United States
| | - Sharadvi Thati
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry , University of Kansas , 2095 Constant Avenue , Lawrence , Kansas 66047 , United States
| | - Bradley P Sullivan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry , University of Kansas , 2095 Constant Avenue , Lawrence , Kansas 66047 , United States
| | - Cory Berkland
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry , University of Kansas , 2095 Constant Avenue , Lawrence , Kansas 66047 , United States
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Shah NK, Gupta SK, Wang Z, Meenach SA. Enhancement of macrophage uptake via phosphatidylserine-coated acetalated dextran nanoparticles. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2019.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Braga CB, Perli G, Becher TB, Ornelas C. Biodegradable and pH-Responsive Acetalated Dextran (Ac-Dex) Nanoparticles for NIR Imaging and Controlled Delivery of a Platinum-Based Prodrug into Cancer Cells. Mol Pharm 2019; 16:2083-2094. [PMID: 30901218 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.9b00058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Nanoparticles (NPs) based on the biodegradable acetalated dextran polymer (Ac-Dex) were used for near-infrared (NIR) imaging and controlled delivery of a PtIV prodrug into cancer cells. The Ac-Dex NPs loaded with the hydrophobic PtIV prodrug 3 (PtIV/Ac-Dex NPs) and with the novel hydrophobic NIR-fluorescent dye 9 (NIR-dye 9/Ac-Dex NPs), as well as Ac-Dex NPs coloaded with both compounds (coloaded Ac-Dex NPs), were assembled using a single oil-in-water nanoemulsion method. Dynamic light scattering measurements and scanning electron microscopy images showed that the resulting Ac-Dex NPs are spherical with an average diameter of 100 nm, which is suitable for accumulation in tumors via the enhanced permeation and retention effect. The new nanosystems exhibited high drug-loading capability, high encapsulation efficiency, high stability in physiological conditions, and pH responsiveness. Drug-release studies clearly showed that the PtIV prodrug 3 release from Ac-Dex NPs was negligible at pH 7.4, whereas at pH 5.5, this compound was completely released with a controlled rate. Confocal laser scanning microscopy unambiguously showed that the NIR-dye 9/Ac-Dex NPs were efficiently taken up by MCF-7 cells, and cytotoxicity assays against several cell lines showed no significant toxicity of blank Ac-Dex NPs up to 1 mg mL-1. The IC50 values obtained for the PtIV prodrug encapsulated in Ac-Dex NPs were much lower when compared with the IC50 values obtained for the free PtIV complex and cisplatin in all cell lines tested. Overall, our results demonstrate, for the first time, that Ac-Dex NPs constitute a promising drug delivery platform for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyne B Braga
- Institute of Chemistry , University of Campinas-UNICAMP , 13083-970 Campinas , SP , Brazil
| | - Gabriel Perli
- Institute of Chemistry , University of Campinas-UNICAMP , 13083-970 Campinas , SP , Brazil
| | - Tiago B Becher
- Institute of Chemistry , University of Campinas-UNICAMP , 13083-970 Campinas , SP , Brazil
| | - Catia Ornelas
- Institute of Chemistry , University of Campinas-UNICAMP , 13083-970 Campinas , SP , Brazil
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Gammon JM, Jewell CM. Engineering Immune Tolerance with Biomaterials. Adv Healthc Mater 2019; 8:e1801419. [PMID: 30605264 PMCID: PMC6384133 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201801419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases, rejection of transplanted organs and grafts, chronic inflammatory diseases, and immune-mediated rejection of biologic drugs impact a large number of people across the globe. New understanding of immune function is revealing exciting opportunities to help tackle these challenges by harnessing-or correcting-the specificity of immune function. However, realizing this potential requires precision control over the interaction between regulatory immune cues, antigens attacked during inflammation, and the tissues where these processes occur. Engineered materials-such as polymeric and lipid particles, scaffolds, and inorganic materials-offer powerful features that can help to selectively regulate immune function during disease without compromising healthy immune functions. This review highlights some of the exciting developments to leverage biomaterials as carriers, depots, scaffolds-and even as agents with intrinsic immunomodulatory features-to promote immunological tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua M. Gammon
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, 8278 Paint Branch Drive RM 5110, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Christopher M. Jewell
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, 8278 Paint Branch Drive RM 5110, College Park, MD 20742, USA ; Robert E. Fischell Institute for Biomedical Devices, 8278 Paint Branch Drive, College Park, MD 20742, USA; United States Department of Veterans Affairs, Baltimore VA Medical center, 10. N Green Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland Medical School, 685 West Baltimore Street, HSF-I Suite 380, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA; Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, 22 South Greene Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
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30
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Ben-Akiva E, Est Witte S, Meyer RA, Rhodes KR, Green JJ. Polymeric micro- and nanoparticles for immune modulation. Biomater Sci 2018; 7:14-30. [PMID: 30418444 PMCID: PMC6664797 DOI: 10.1039/c8bm01285g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
New advances in biomaterial-based approaches to modulate the immune system are being applied to treat cancer, infectious diseases, and autoimmunity. Particulate systems are especially well-suited to deliver immunomodulatory factors to immune cells since their small size allows them to engage cell surface receptors or deliver cargo intracellularly after internalization. Biodegradable polymeric particles are a particularly versatile platform for the delivery of signals to the immune system because they can be easily surface-modified to target specific receptors and engineered to release encapsulated cargo in a precise, sustained manner. Micro- and nanoscale systems have been used to deliver a variety of therapeutic agents including monoclonal antibodies, peptides, and small molecule drugs that function to activate the immune system against cancer or infectious disease, or suppress the immune system to combat autoimmune diseases and transplant rejection. This review provides an overview of recent advances in the development of polymeric micro- and nanoparticulate systems for the presentation and delivery of immunomodulatory agents targeted to a variety of immune cell types including APCs, T cells, B cells, and NK cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elana Ben-Akiva
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA.
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31
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Collier MA, Junkins RD, Gallovic MD, Johnson BM, Johnson MM, Macintyre AN, Sempowski GD, Bachelder EM, Ting JPY, Ainslie KM. Acetalated Dextran Microparticles for Codelivery of STING and TLR7/8 Agonists. Mol Pharm 2018; 15:4933-4946. [PMID: 30281314 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.8b00579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Vaccines are the most effective tool for preventing infectious diseases; however, subunit vaccines, considered the safest type, suffer from poor immunogenicity and require adjuvants to create a strong and sustained immune response. As adjuvants, pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) offer potent immunostimulatory properties and defined mechanisms of action through their cognate pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). Their activity can be further enhanced through combining two or more PAMPs, particularly those that activate multiple immune signaling pathways. However, the cytosolic localization of many PRRs requires intracellular delivery of PAMPs for optimal biological activity, which is particularly true of the stimulator of interferon genes (STING) PRR. Using acetalated dextran (Ace-DEX) microparticles (MPs) encapsulating STING agonist 3'3'-cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP) combined with soluble PAMPS, we screened the effect of codelivery of adjuvants using primary mouse bone marrow derived dendritic cells (BMDCs). We identified that codelivery of cGAMP MPs and soluble Toll-like receptor 7/8 (TLR7/8) agonist resiquimod (R848) elicited the broadest cytokine response. cGAMP and R848 were then coencapsulated within Ace-DEX MPs via electrospray. Using the model antigen ovalbumin, we observed that Ace-DEX MPs coencapsulating cGAMP and R848 (cGAMP/R848 Ace-DEX MPs) induced antigen-specific cellular immunity, and a balanced Th1/Th2 humoral response that was greater than cGAMP Ace-DEX MPs alone and PAMPs delivered in separate MPs. These data indicate that polymeric Ace-DEX MPs loaded with STING and TLR7/8 agonists represent a potent cellular and humoral vaccine adjuvant.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Andrew N Macintyre
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute , Duke University Medical Center , Durham , North Carolina 27710 , United States
| | - Gregory D Sempowski
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute , Duke University Medical Center , Durham , North Carolina 27710 , United States
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Chen N, Kroger CJ, Tisch RM, Bachelder EM, Ainslie KM. Prevention of Type 1 Diabetes with Acetalated Dextran Microparticles Containing Rapamycin and Pancreatic Peptide P31. Adv Healthc Mater 2018; 7:e1800341. [PMID: 30051618 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201800341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a common autoimmune disease with no cure. T1D subjects are dependent on daily exogenous insulin administration, due to the loss of functional insulin-producing β cells. Needed are immunotherapies that prevent and/or treat T1D. One approach of immunotherapy is to administer an autoantigen to selectively tolerize diabetogenic effector T cells without global immunosuppression. To date, however, strategies of antigen-specific immunotherapy are largely ineffective in the clinic. Using an antigen-specific approach, a biodegradable polymeric delivery vehicle, acetalated dextran microparticles (Ace-DEX MPs), is applied and T1D development is prevented through coadministration of the immunosuppressant rapamycin and the diabetogenic peptide P31 (Rapa/P31/MPs), via alterations of both innate and adaptive immunity. Ex vivo, adoptively transferred CD4+ T cells exhibit reduced proliferation and an increased ratio of FoxP3+ to IFNγ+ T cells. In vitro analysis indicates dendritic cells exhibit a less mature phenotype following coculture with Rapa/P31/MPs, which results in reduced CD4+ T cell proliferation and proinflammatory cytokine production (IFNγ and IL-2), but promotes PD-1 expression. Together these results demonstrate Ace-DEX MP-based antigen-specific therapy effectively tolerizes diabetogenic CD4+ T cells to prevent T1D, thereby demonstrating one of the first successful attempts of T1D prevention using a single-formulation particulate delivery platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naihan Chen
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics; Eshelman School of Pharmacy; The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; Chapel Hill NC 27599 USA
| | - Charles J. Kroger
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology; School of Medicine; The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; Chapel Hill NC 27599 USA
| | - Roland M. Tisch
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology; School of Medicine; The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; Chapel Hill NC 27599 USA
| | - Eric M. Bachelder
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics; Eshelman School of Pharmacy; The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; Chapel Hill NC 27599 USA
| | - Kristy M. Ainslie
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics; Eshelman School of Pharmacy; The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; Chapel Hill NC 27599 USA
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Stubelius A, Sheng W, Lee S, Olejniczak J, Guma M, Almutairi A. Disease-Triggered Drug Release Effectively Prevents Acute Inflammatory Flare-Ups, Achieving Reduced Dosing. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2018; 14:e1800703. [PMID: 30009516 PMCID: PMC6165597 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201800703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Revised: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
For conditions with inflammatory flare-ups, fast drug-release from a depot is crucial to reduce cell infiltration and prevent long-term tissue destruction. While this concept has been explored for chronic diseases, preventing acute inflammatory flares has not been explored. To address this issue, a preventative inflammation-sensitive system is developed and applied to acute gout, a condition where millions of inflammatory cells are recruited rapidly, causing excruciating and debilitating pain. Rapid drug release is first demonstrated from a pH-responsive acetalated dextran particle loaded with dexamethasone (AcDex-DXM), reducing proinflammatory cytokines in vitro as efficiently as free drug. Then, using the air pouch model of gout, mice are pretreated 24 h before inducing inflammation. AcDex-DXM reduces overall cell infiltration with decreased neutrophils, increases monocytes, and diminishes cytokines and chemokines. In a more extended prophylaxis model, murine joints are pretreated eight days before initiating inflammation. After quantifying cell infiltration, only AcDex-DXM reduces the overall joint inflammation, where neither free drug nor a conventional drug-depot achieves adequate anti-inflammatory effects. Here, the superior efficacy of disease-triggered drug-delivery to prevent acute inflammation is demonstrated over free drug and slow-release depots. This approach and results promise exciting treatment opportunities for multiple inflammatory conditions suffering from acute flares.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Stubelius
- Center of Excellence in Nanomedicine, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Departments of NanoEngineering and Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Wangzhong Sheng
- Center of Excellence in Nanomedicine, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Departments of NanoEngineering and Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Sangeun Lee
- Center of Excellence in Nanomedicine, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Departments of NanoEngineering and Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Jason Olejniczak
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Monica Guma
- School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Adah Almutairi
- Center of Excellence in Nanomedicine, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Departments of NanoEngineering and Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
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Li S, Miao Z, Tian Y, Wang H, Wang S, He T, Yang Y, Wang P, Ma M, Yang T, Chen T, Liu Z, Gao J, Chen C, Qian A. Limethason reduces airway inflammation in a murine model of ovalbumin-induced chronic asthma without causing side effects. Exp Ther Med 2018; 15:2269-2276. [PMID: 29456634 PMCID: PMC5795477 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.5691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Airway inflammation is the major pathological feature of asthma. Thus, the current therapeutic strategy for asthma is to control inflammation. Limethason, an anti-inflammation drug, is widely used in rheumatoid arthritis treatment. The aim of the present study was to detect the anti-inflammatory effect and side effects of limethason on airways that were sensitized with ovalbumin in a murine model of chronic asthma. In the present study, BALB/c mice were sensitized with ovalbumin. Airway hyperresponsiveness was estimated, and hematoxylin and eosin staining, Periodic acid-Schiff staining and bronchoalveolar lavage were used to detect the effect on chronic asthma. Limethason effectively reduced airway hyperresponsiveness, and inhibited inflammatory cell infiltration and mucus secretion. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid analysis revealed that limethason suppressed levels of airway eosinophils. In the period of treatment, limethason exhibited no influence on morphology of the femoral head, bone mineral content or bone mineral density, which were detected by histological studies and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. The index of liver, spleen, kidney, gastrocnemius and brown adipose tissue also demonstrated that limethason had no adverse effects on organs and tissues. The present study revealed that limethason could effectively reduce inflammation in an asthma mouse model without side effects. Therefore, limethason may have therapeutic potential for treating chronic asthma clinically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Li
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Special Environmental Biophysics, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, P.R. China
| | - Zhiping Miao
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Special Environmental Biophysics, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, P.R. China
| | - Ye Tian
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Special Environmental Biophysics, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, P.R. China
| | - Haoyu Wang
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Special Environmental Biophysics, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, P.R. China
| | - Shuai Wang
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Special Environmental Biophysics, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, P.R. China
| | - Tianyuan He
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Special Environmental Biophysics, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, P.R. China
| | - Yue Yang
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Special Environmental Biophysics, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, P.R. China
| | - Peng Wang
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Special Environmental Biophysics, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, P.R. China
| | - Mengyao Ma
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Special Environmental Biophysics, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, P.R. China
| | - Tuanmin Yang
- Clinical Laboratory of Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, P.R. China
| | - Tao Chen
- Xi'an Libang Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Xi'an, Shaanxi 710075, P.R. China
| | - Zhiyong Liu
- CNGC Institute of Industrial Health, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710065, P.R. China
| | - Junhong Gao
- CNGC Institute of Industrial Health, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710065, P.R. China
| | - Chu Chen
- Clinical Laboratory of Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, P.R. China
| | - Airong Qian
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Special Environmental Biophysics, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, P.R. China
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35
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Dacoba TG, Olivera A, Torres D, Crecente-Campo J, Alonso MJ. Modulating the immune system through nanotechnology. Semin Immunol 2017; 34:78-102. [PMID: 29032891 PMCID: PMC5774666 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2017.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Revised: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Nowadays, nanotechnology-based modulation of the immune system is presented as a cutting-edge strategy, which may lead to significant improvements in the treatment of severe diseases. In particular, efforts have been focused on the development of nanotechnology-based vaccines, which could be used for immunization or generation of tolerance. In this review, we highlight how different immune responses can be elicited by tuning nanosystems properties. In addition, we discuss specific formulation approaches designed for the development of anti-infectious and anti-autoimmune vaccines, as well as those intended to prevent the formation of antibodies against biologicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara G Dacoba
- Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), Campus Vida, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain; Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, Campus Vida, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain
| | - Ana Olivera
- Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), Campus Vida, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain; Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, Campus Vida, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain
| | - Dolores Torres
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, Campus Vida, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain
| | - José Crecente-Campo
- Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), Campus Vida, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain; Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, Campus Vida, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain.
| | - María José Alonso
- Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), Campus Vida, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain; Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, Campus Vida, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain.
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Casey LM, Pearson RM, Hughes KR, Liu JMH, Rose JA, North MG, Wang LZ, Lei M, Miller SD, Shea LD. Conjugation of Transforming Growth Factor Beta to Antigen-Loaded Poly(lactide- co-glycolide) Nanoparticles Enhances Efficiency of Antigen-Specific Tolerance. Bioconjug Chem 2017; 29:813-823. [PMID: 29148731 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.7b00624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Current strategies for treating autoimmunity involve the administration of broad-acting immunosuppressive agents that impair healthy immunity. Intravenous (i.v.) administration of poly(lactide- co-glycolide) nanoparticles (NPs) containing disease-relevant antigens (Ag-NPs) have demonstrated antigen (Ag)-specific immune tolerance in models of autoimmunity. However, subcutaneous (s.c.) delivery of Ag-NPs has not been effective. This investigation tested the hypothesis that codelivery of the immunomodulatory cytokine, transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β), on Ag-NPs would modulate the immune response to Ag-NPs and improve the efficiency of tolerance induction. TGF-β was coupled to the surface of Ag-NPs such that the loadings of Ag and TGF-β were independently tunable. The particles demonstrated bioactive delivery of Ag and TGF-β in vitro by reducing the inflammatory phenotype of bone marrow-derived dendritic cells and inducing regulatory T cells in a coculture system. Using an in vivo mouse model for multiple sclerosis, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, TGF-β codelivery on Ag-NPs resulted in improved efficacy at lower doses by i.v. administration and significantly reduced disease severity by s.c. administration. This study demonstrates that the codelivery of immunomodulatory cytokines on Ag-NPs may enhance the efficacy of Ag-specific tolerance therapies by programming Ag presenting cells for more efficient tolerance induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liam M Casey
- Department of Chemical Engineering , University of Michigan , 2300 Hayward Avenue , Ann Arbor , Michigan 48105 , United States
| | - Ryan M Pearson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering , University of Michigan , 1119 Carl A. Gerstacker Building, 2200 Bonisteel Boulevard , Ann Arbor , Michigan 48109-2099 , United States.,Cour Pharmaceuticals, Northbrook , Illinois 60062 , United States
| | - Kevin R Hughes
- Department of Biomedical Engineering , University of Michigan , 1119 Carl A. Gerstacker Building, 2200 Bonisteel Boulevard , Ann Arbor , Michigan 48109-2099 , United States
| | - Jeffrey M H Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering , University of Michigan , 1119 Carl A. Gerstacker Building, 2200 Bonisteel Boulevard , Ann Arbor , Michigan 48109-2099 , United States
| | - Justin A Rose
- Department of Chemical Engineering , University of Michigan , 2300 Hayward Avenue , Ann Arbor , Michigan 48105 , United States
| | - Madeleine G North
- Department of Biomedical Engineering , University of Michigan , 1119 Carl A. Gerstacker Building, 2200 Bonisteel Boulevard , Ann Arbor , Michigan 48109-2099 , United States
| | - Leon Z Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering , University of Michigan , 1119 Carl A. Gerstacker Building, 2200 Bonisteel Boulevard , Ann Arbor , Michigan 48109-2099 , United States
| | - Mei Lei
- Department of Biomedical Engineering , University of Michigan , 1119 Carl A. Gerstacker Building, 2200 Bonisteel Boulevard , Ann Arbor , Michigan 48109-2099 , United States
| | - Stephen D Miller
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine , Northwestern University , 6-713 Tarry Building, 303 East Chicago Avenue , Chicago , Illinois 60611 , United States.,The Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University , Chicago , Illinois 60611 , United States
| | - Lonnie D Shea
- Department of Chemical Engineering , University of Michigan , 2300 Hayward Avenue , Ann Arbor , Michigan 48105 , United States.,Department of Biomedical Engineering , University of Michigan , 1119 Carl A. Gerstacker Building, 2200 Bonisteel Boulevard , Ann Arbor , Michigan 48109-2099 , United States
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37
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Co-delivery of autoantigen and dexamethasone in incomplete Freund's adjuvant ameliorates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. J Control Release 2017; 266:156-165. [PMID: 28963036 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2017.09.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2017] [Revised: 09/10/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Current therapies for autoimmune diseases focus on treating the symptoms rather than the underlying disease cause. A major setback in improving current therapeutics for autoimmunity is the lack of antigen specificity. Successful antigen-specific immunotherapy (ASIT) would allow for improved treatment of autoimmune diseases. In this work, dexamethasone was co-delivered with autoantigen (PLP) in vivo to create effective ASIT for the treatment of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Using an emulsion of incomplete Freund's adjuvant (IFA) as a co-delivery vehicle, it was discovered that the controlled release of autoantigen was important for the suppression of clinical disease symptoms. Analysis of the immune response via cytokines revealed that dexamethasone was important for shifting the immune response away from inflammation. Co-delivery of both autoantigen and dexamethasone increased B-cell populations and antibody production, signifying an increased humoral immune response. Overall, this data indicated that the co-delivery of PLP and dexamethasone with a water-in-oil emulsion is effective in treating a murine autoimmune model.
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38
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Li Y, Li W, Bao W, Liu B, Li D, Jiang Y, Wei W, Ren F. Bioinspired peptosomes with programmed stimuli-responses for sequential drug release and high-performance anticancer therapy. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:9317-9324. [PMID: 28426067 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr00598a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Combination therapy with enhanced therapeutic and antimetastatic efficacy has become promising for cancer treatment. There is an urgent need to design a co-delivery system to sequentially release the drug pair at desired locations that can increase the intra-tumoral drug concentration and reduce the side effects. Inspired by virus architecture and function, herein, we developed a peptosome (PS)-based co-delivery system, PePm/PS/Curcumin (Cur), for the sequential release of the therapeutic peptide Pe and chemodrug Cur. PS was formed by the self-assembly of amphiphilic α-lactalbumin peptides obtained from enzymatic partial hydrolysis. Then, PS was self-cross-linked with disulfide bonds utilizing their endogenous thiol groups. The system is responsive to multiple tumor microenvironments and releases the drugs at specific tumor locations. First, after PS accumulation in tumor tissue via the EPR effect, the linkage peptide Pm in PS can be cleaved by matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) enzymatic hydrolysis. Pe can stay on the cell surface and antagonize the ErbB-2 receptor expression on the tumor cells. Moreover, the positively charged nature of remaining Mal-PS/Cur facilitates tumor cell internalization and induces a subsequent proton-sponge effect for lysosomal escape. Finally, Cur is released in the cytoplasm via a reduction-induced PS disassembly due to the high level of intracellular GSH. Both the in vitro and in vivo results exhibited an enhanced antitumor and antimetastatic efficacy of this system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, 100083, Beijing, China.
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Gosselin EA, Tostanoski LH, Jewell CM. Controlled Release of Second Generation mTOR Inhibitors to Restrain Inflammation in Primary Immune Cells. AAPS JOURNAL 2017; 19:1175-1185. [PMID: 28484962 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-017-0089-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Autoimmune disease occurs when the immune system incorrectly targets the body's own tissue. Inflammatory CD4+ T cell phenotypes, such as TH1 and TH17, are key drivers of this attack. Recent studies demonstrate treatment with rapamycin-a key inhibitor of the mTOR pathway-can skew T cell development, moving T cell responses away from inflammatory phenotypes and toward regulatory T cells (TREGS). TREGS are important in inducing and maintaining tolerance to self-antigens, creating new potential to treat autoimmune diseases more effectively and specifically. Next generation analogs of rapamycin, such as everolimus and temsirolimus, confer increased potency with reduced toxicity, but are understudied in the context of autoimmunity. Further, these drugs are still broadly-acting and require frequent treatment due to short half-lives. Thus, there is strong interest in harnessing the unique properties of biomaterials-controlled drug release and targeting, for example, to improve autoimmune therapies. Using second generation mTOR inhibitors and rapamycin, we prepared sets of degradable polymer particles from poly(lactide-co-glycolide). We then used these materials to assess physicochemical properties and the ability to control autoimmune inflammation in a primary cell co-culture model. Treatment with particle formulations resulted in significant dose-dependent decreases in dendritic cell activation, T cell proliferation, inflammatory cytokines, and frequencies of inflammatory TH1 phenotypes. Considering the current limitations of rapamycin, and the potential of next-generation analogs, this work provides a screening platform for biomaterials and sets the stage for in vivo evaluation, where delivery kinetics, stability, and targeting could improve autoimmune therapies through biomaterial-enabled delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily A Gosselin
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, 2212 Jeong H. Kim Engineering Building, 8228 Paint Branch Drive, College Park, Maryland, 20742, USA
| | - Lisa H Tostanoski
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, 2212 Jeong H. Kim Engineering Building, 8228 Paint Branch Drive, College Park, Maryland, 20742, USA
| | - Christopher M Jewell
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, 2212 Jeong H. Kim Engineering Building, 8228 Paint Branch Drive, College Park, Maryland, 20742, USA. .,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland Medical School, Baltimore, Maryland, USA. .,Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, Baltimore, Maryland, USA. .,United States Department of Veterans Affairs, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
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Chen N, Peine KJ, Collier MA, Gautam S, Jablonski KA, Guerau-de-Arellano M, Ainslie KM, Bachelder EM. Co-Delivery of Disease Associated Peptide and Rapamycin via Acetalated Dextran Microparticles for Treatment of Multiple Sclerosis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/adbi.201700022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Naihan Chen
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics; Eshelman School of Pharmacy; The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; Chapel Hill NC 27599 USA
| | - Kevin J. Peine
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics; Eshelman School of Pharmacy; The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; Chapel Hill NC 27599 USA
| | - Michael A. Collier
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics; Eshelman School of Pharmacy; The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; Chapel Hill NC 27599 USA
| | - Shalini Gautam
- Division of Pharmaceutics; College of Pharmacy; The Ohio State University; Columbus OH 43210 USA
| | - Kyle A. Jablonski
- Medical Laboratory Science Division; School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences; The Ohio State University; Columbus OH 43210 USA
| | - Mireia Guerau-de-Arellano
- Medical Laboratory Science Division; School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences; The Ohio State University; Columbus OH 43210 USA
| | - Kristy M. Ainslie
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics; Eshelman School of Pharmacy; The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; Chapel Hill NC 27599 USA
| | - Eric M. Bachelder
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics; Eshelman School of Pharmacy; The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; Chapel Hill NC 27599 USA
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41
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Gallovic MD, Montjoy DG, Collier MA, Do C, Wyslouzil BE, Bachelder EM, Ainslie KM. Chemically modified inulin microparticles serving dual function as a protein antigen delivery vehicle and immunostimulatory adjuvant. Biomater Sci 2017; 4:483-93. [PMID: 26753184 DOI: 10.1039/c5bm00451a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
To develop a new subunit vaccine adjuvant, we chemically modified a naturally-occurring, immunostimulatory inulin polysaccharide to produce an acid-sensitive biopolymer (acetalated inulin, Ace-IN). Various hydrophobic Ace-IN polymers were formed into microparticles (MPs) by oil-in-water emulsions followed by solvent evaporation These Ace-IN MPs possessed tunable degradation characteristics that, unlike polyesters used in FDA-approved microparticulate formulations, had only pH-neutral hydrolytic byproducts. Macrophages were passively targeted with cytocompatible Ace-IN MPs. TNF-α production by macrophages treated with Ace-IN MPs could be altered by adjusting the polymers' chemistry. Mice immunized with Ace-IN MPs encapsulating a model ovalbumin (OVA) antigen showed higher production of anti-OVA IgG antibody levels relative to soluble antigen. The antibody titers were also comparable to an alum-based formulation. This proof-of-concept establishes the potential for chemically-modified inulin MPs to simultaneously enable dual functionality as a stimuli-controlled antigen delivery vehicle and immunostimulatory adjuvant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew D Gallovic
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, College of Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Douglas G Montjoy
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, College of Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Michael A Collier
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
| | - Clement Do
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Barbara E Wyslouzil
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, College of Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - Eric M Bachelder
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
| | - Kristy M Ainslie
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
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42
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Versteeg L, Le Guezennec X, Zhan B, Liu Z, Angagaw M, Woodhouse JD, Biswas S, Beaumier CM. Transferring Luminex® cytokine assays to a wall-less plate technology: Validation and comparison study with plasma and cell culture supernatants. J Immunol Methods 2017; 440:74-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2016.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Revised: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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43
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Bachelder EM, Pino EN, Ainslie KM. Acetalated Dextran: A Tunable and Acid-Labile Biopolymer with Facile Synthesis and a Range of Applications. Chem Rev 2016; 117:1915-1926. [PMID: 28032507 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Acetalated dextran (Ac-DEX) is a tunable acid-labile biopolymer with facile synthesis, aptly designed for the formulation of microparticles for vaccines and immune modulation. Tunability of degradation is achieved based on the kinetics of reaction and the molecular weight of the parent dextran polymer. This tunability translated to differential rates of activation of CD8+ T cells in an in vitro ovalbumin model and illustrated that acid-labile polymer can activate CD8+ T cells at an increased rate compared to acid-insensitive polymers. In addition, Ac-DEX has been used to encapsulate small molecules, deliver nucleotides, transport inorganic molecules, formulate immune modulating therapies and vaccines, and trigger pH responsive constructs for therapy. Here we highlight the properties and results of Ac-DEX nano-/microparticles as well as the use of the polymer in other constructs and chemistries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric M Bachelder
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina , Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Erica N Pino
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina , Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Kristy M Ainslie
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina , Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
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44
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Kavunja HW, Lang S, Sungsuwan S, Yin Z, Huang X. Delivery of foreign cytotoxic T lymphocyte epitopes to tumor tissues for effective antitumor immunotherapy against pre-established solid tumors in mice. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2016; 66:451-460. [PMID: 28011995 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-016-1948-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) can have remarkable abilities to kill tumor cells. However, the establishment of successful CTL-based anticancer therapy has met with many challenges. Within tumor cells, there exist subpopulations with low or no expression of the targeted antigen (termed as antigen-loss variants). In addition, tumor cells can downregulate the levels of major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I) molecules on cell surface due to immune pressure. As a result, some tumor cells can escape the immune pressure bestowed by CTLs, resulting in treatment failure. To address these difficulties, a new approach is developed to deliver foreign high-affinity CTL epitopes to tumor tissues utilizing pH-responsive "smart" microparticles (MPs). These MPs could encapsulate CTL peptide epitope, release the peptide under acidic condition encountered in tumor tissues and enhance CTL activation. Mice bearing pre-established tumor as "antigen-loss variant" solid tumor models were administered intratumorally with MPs containing the CTL peptide, which showed 100% survival following the treatment. In contrast, all control mice died from tumor. Significant protection from tumor-induced death was also observed with systemic administration of CTL peptide-MPs. The therapeutic efficacy can be attributed to enhanced delivery of the epitope to tumor tissues, presentation of the epitope by tumor cells as well as tumor stromal cells and/or generation of epitope-specific CTLs by the peptide-containing MPs. These findings offer a promising new direction for treating established solid tumor using CTL therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Herbert W Kavunja
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, 578 S. Shaw Lane, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Shuyao Lang
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, 578 S. Shaw Lane, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Suttipun Sungsuwan
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, 578 S. Shaw Lane, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Zhaojun Yin
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, 578 S. Shaw Lane, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Xuefei Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, 578 S. Shaw Lane, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.
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45
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Northrup L, Sullivan BP, Hartwell BL, Garza A, Berkland C. Screening Immunomodulators To Skew the Antigen-Specific Autoimmune Response. Mol Pharm 2016; 14:66-80. [PMID: 28043135 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.6b00725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Current therapies to treat autoimmune diseases often result in side effects such as nonspecific immunosuppression. Therapies that can induce antigen-specific immune tolerance provide an opportunity to reverse autoimmunity and mitigate the risks associated with global immunosuppression. In an effort to induce antigen-specific immune tolerance, co-administration of immunomodulators with autoantigens has been investigated in an effort to reprogram autoimmunity. To date, identifying immunomodulators that may skew the antigen-specific immune response has been ad hoc at best. To address this need, we utilized splenocytes obtained from mice with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in order to determine if certain immunomodulators may induce markers of immune tolerance following antigen rechallenge. Of the immunomodulatory compounds investigated, only dexamethasone modified the antigen-specific immune response by skewing the cytokine response and decreasing T-cell populations at a concentration corresponding to a relevant in vivo dose. Thus, antigen-educated EAE splenocytes provide an ex vivo screen for investigating compounds capable of skewing the antigen-specific immune response, and this approach could be extrapolated to antigen-educated cells from other diseases or human tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Northrup
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas , Lawrence, Kansas 66047, United States
| | - Bradley P Sullivan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas , Lawrence, Kansas 66047, United States
| | - Brittany L Hartwell
- Bioengineering Graduate Program, University of Kansas , Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
| | - Aaron Garza
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Kansas , Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
| | - Cory Berkland
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas , Lawrence, Kansas 66047, United States.,Bioengineering Graduate Program, University of Kansas , Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States.,Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Kansas , Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
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46
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Chen N, Collier MA, Gallovic MD, Collins GC, Sanchez CC, Fernandes EQ, Bachelder EM, Ainslie KM. Degradation of acetalated dextran can be broadly tuned based on cyclic acetal coverage and molecular weight. Int J Pharm 2016; 512:147-157. [PMID: 27543351 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2016.08.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Revised: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Microparticles (MPs) derived from acid-sensitive biopolymers enable rapid degradation and cargo release under acidic conditions, such as at tumor microenvironments, within lysosomal/phagosomal compartments inside phagocytic cells, or at sites of inflammation. One such acid-sensitive biopolymer, acetalated dextran (Ace-DEX), has tunable degradation rates and pH-neutral degradation byproducts consisting of dextran, acetone, and ethanol. By studying the degradation profiles of Ace-DEX MPs with varying cyclic acetal coverage (CAC) and dextran molecular weight (MW), we concluded that MPs composed of low CAC or high MW polymer degraded the fastest at both pH 7.4 and 5.0. To further understand the properties of this unique polymer, we encapsulated a model drug resiquimod, which is a toll-like receptor (TLR) 7/8 agonist, into Ace-DEX MPs of different polymer CAC and dextran MW. It was observed that resiquimod was released faster from MPs of lower CAC or higher MW. By evaluating the activation of RAW macrophages cultured with different types of resiquimod-loaded Ace-DEX MPs, we found that MPs of lower CAC or higher MW promoted greater nitrite production and resulted in more robust cell activation. Our results indicate we can precisely control the degradation profile, release kinetics, and bioactivity of encapsulated cargos by altering CAC and MW, furthering Ace-DEX MPs' novelty as a drug carrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naihan Chen
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Michael A Collier
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Matthew D Gallovic
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, College of Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Graham C Collins
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Carla C Sanchez
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Elizabeth Q Fernandes
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Eric M Bachelder
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Kristy M Ainslie
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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47
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Wei D, Chen L, Yan X, Li Y, Li J, Wang D. A Scalable and Facile Process for the Preparation of N-(Pyridin-4-yl) Piperazine-1-Carboxamide Hydrochloride. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH 2016. [DOI: 10.3184/174751916x14546711471143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A scalable and facile synthetic process for N-(pyridin-4-yl)piperazine-1-carboxamide hydrochloride, a novel Rho kinase inhibitor with an unsymmetrical urea structure currently under investigation for the treatment of central nervous system disorders, was established. After optimisation of the reaction conditions, N-(pyridin-4-yl)piperazine-1-carboxamide hydrochloride was synthesised from 4-aminopyridine and N,N′-carbonyldiimidazole through acylation, deprotection and salt formation. This new procedure affords the product in 53% overall yield with high purity and it can be easily scaled up for production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiyan Wei
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P.R. China
| | - Ligong Chen
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P.R. China
| | - Xilong Yan
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P.R. China
| | - Yang Li
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P.R. China
| | - Jianye Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P.R. China
| | - Donghua Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P.R. China
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48
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Northrup L, Christopher MA, Sullivan BP, Berkland C. Combining antigen and immunomodulators: Emerging trends in antigen-specific immunotherapy for autoimmunity. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2016; 98:86-98. [PMID: 26546466 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2015.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2015] [Revised: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
A majority of current therapies for autoimmune diseases are general immunosuppressants, which can compromise patient response to opportunistic infection and lead to adverse events. Using antigen-specific immunotherapy (ASIT) to selectively disarm autoimmune diseases, without suppressing the global immune response, would be a transformative therapy for patients. ASIT has been used historically in allergy hyposensitization therapy to induce tolerance to an allergen. Similar strategies to induce immune tolerance toward autoantigens responsible for autoimmune disease have been attempted but have yielded limited clinical success. Recent studies of ASIT for autoimmunity have explored combination therapy, combining the disease-causing autoantigen with an immunomodulatory compound. ASIT combination therapy may direct the immune response in an antigen-specific manner, potentially reversing the root cause of autoimmunity while limiting side effects. This review analyzes recent advances in ASIT applied to autoimmune diseases, emphasizing current combination therapies and future strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Northrup
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA
| | - Matthew A Christopher
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA
| | - Bradley P Sullivan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA
| | - Cory Berkland
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA; Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA.
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49
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Gallovic MD, Bandyopadhyay S, Borteh H, Montjoy DG, Collier MA, Peine KJ, Wyslouzil BE, Bachelder EM, Ainslie KM. Microparticles formulated from a family of novel silylated polysaccharides demonstrate inherent immunostimulatory properties and tunable hydrolytic degradability. J Mater Chem B 2016; 4:4302-4312. [DOI: 10.1039/c6tb00745g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Acid-degradable polymers are well-suited for drug delivery vehicles because numerous physiological sites are acidic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew D. Gallovic
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
- College of Engineering
- The Ohio State University
- Columbus
- USA
| | - Saibal Bandyopadhyay
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
- College of Pharmacy
- The Ohio State University
- Columbus
- USA
| | - Hassan Borteh
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
- College of Pharmacy
- The Ohio State University
- Columbus
- USA
| | - Douglas G. Montjoy
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
- College of Engineering
- The Ohio State University
- Columbus
- USA
| | - Michael A. Collier
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics
- Eshelman School of Pharmacy
- University of North Carolina
- Chapel Hill
- USA
| | - Kevin J. Peine
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics
- Eshelman School of Pharmacy
- University of North Carolina
- Chapel Hill
- USA
| | - Barbara E. Wyslouzil
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
- College of Engineering
- The Ohio State University
- Columbus
- USA
| | - Eric M. Bachelder
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics
- Eshelman School of Pharmacy
- University of North Carolina
- Chapel Hill
- USA
| | - Kristy M. Ainslie
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics
- Eshelman School of Pharmacy
- University of North Carolina
- Chapel Hill
- USA
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50
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Schully KL, Bell MG, Prouty AM, Gallovic MD, Gautam S, Peine KJ, Sharma S, Bachelder EM, Pesce JT, Elberson MA, Ainslie KM, Keane-Myers A. Evaluation of a biodegradable microparticulate polymer as a carrier for Burkholderia pseudomallei subunit vaccines in a mouse model of melioidosis. Int J Pharm 2015; 495:849-61. [PMID: 26428631 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2015.09.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Revised: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Melioidosis, a potentially lethal disease of humans and animals, is caused by the soil-dwelling bacterium Burkholderia pseudomallei. Due to B. pseudomallei's classification as a Tier 1 Select Agent, there is substantial interest in the development of an effective vaccine. Yet, despite decades of research, no effective target, adjuvant or delivery vehicle capable of inducing protective immunity against B. pseudomallei infection has been identified. We propose a microparticulate delivery vehicle comprised of the novel polymer acetalated dextran (Ac-DEX). Ac-DEX is an acid-sensitive biodegradable carrier that can be fabricated into microparticles (MPs) that are relatively stable at pH 7.4, but rapidly degrade after phagocytosis by antigen presenting cells where the pH can drop to 5.0. As compared to other biomaterials, this acid sensitivity has been shown to enhance cross presentation of subunit antigens. To evaluate this platform as a delivery system for a melioidosis vaccine, BALB/c mice were vaccinated with Ac-DEX MPs separately encapsulating B. pseudomallei whole cell lysate and the toll-like receptor (TLR) 7/8 agonist resiquimod. This vaccine elicited a robust antibody response that included both Th1 and Th2 immunity. Following lethal intraperitoneal challenge with B. pseudomallei 1026b, vaccinated mice demonstrated a significant delay to time of death compared to untreated mice. The formulation, however, demonstrated incomplete protection indicating that lysate protein offers limited value as an antigen. Nevertheless, our Ac-DEX MPs may offer an effective delivery vehicle for a subunit B. psuedomallei vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- K L Schully
- Vaccines and Medical Countermeasures, Biological Defense Research Directorate, Naval Medical Research Center-Frederick, Ft Detrick, MD 21702, USA
| | - M G Bell
- Vaccines and Medical Countermeasures, Biological Defense Research Directorate, Naval Medical Research Center-Frederick, Ft Detrick, MD 21702, USA
| | - A M Prouty
- Vaccines and Medical Countermeasures, Biological Defense Research Directorate, Naval Medical Research Center-Frederick, Ft Detrick, MD 21702, USA
| | - M D Gallovic
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, College of Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - S Gautam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - K J Peine
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - S Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - E M Bachelder
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - J T Pesce
- Vaccines and Medical Countermeasures, Biological Defense Research Directorate, Naval Medical Research Center-Frederick, Ft Detrick, MD 21702, USA
| | - M A Elberson
- Vaccines and Medical Countermeasures, Biological Defense Research Directorate, Naval Medical Research Center-Frederick, Ft Detrick, MD 21702, USA
| | - K M Ainslie
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
| | - A Keane-Myers
- Vaccines and Medical Countermeasures, Biological Defense Research Directorate, Naval Medical Research Center-Frederick, Ft Detrick, MD 21702, USA
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