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Sallard E, Fischer J, Schroeer K, Dawson LM, Beaude N, Affes A, Ehrke-Schulz E, Zhang W, Westhaus A, Cabanes-Creus M, Lisowski L, Ruszics Z, Ehrhardt A. ADEVO: Proof-of-concept of adenovirus-directed EVOlution by random peptide display on the fiber knob. MOLECULAR THERAPY. ONCOLOGY 2024; 32:200867. [PMID: 39346764 PMCID: PMC11439537 DOI: 10.1016/j.omton.2024.200867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2024] [Accepted: 08/27/2024] [Indexed: 10/01/2024]
Abstract
Directed evolution of viral vectors involves the generation of randomized libraries followed by artificial selection of improved variants. Directed evolution only yielded limited results in adenovirus (AdV) engineering until now, mainly due to insufficient complexities of randomized libraries. Meanwhile, clinical applications of AdVs as gene therapy or oncolytic vectors are still hampered by the predetermined tropism of natural types. To overcome this challenge, we hypothesized that randomized peptide insertions on the capsid surface can be incorporated into the AdV bioengineering toolbox for retargeting. Here we developed AdV-directed EVOlution protocols based on fiber knob peptide display. Human AdV-C5-derived libraries were constructed following three distinct protocols and selected on a panel of cancer cell lines, with the goal of identifying variants able to infect and lyse these tumor cells more efficiently. All protocols enabled the construction of high complexity libraries with up to 9.6 × 105 unique variants, an approximate 100-fold improvement compared with previously published AdV libraries. After selection, the most enriched variants, which were robustly selected in various cancer cell lines, did not display enhanced infectivity but rather more efficient replication and cell lysis. Selected inserts also conferred enhanced lysis ability to oncolytic AdVs restricted to telomerase-expressing cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erwan Sallard
- Virology and Microbiology, Centre for Biomedical Education & Research (ZBAF), Faculty of Health, Witten/Herdecke University, 58453 Witten, Germany
| | - Julian Fischer
- Institute of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, University Medical Center Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Katrin Schroeer
- Virology and Microbiology, Centre for Biomedical Education & Research (ZBAF), Faculty of Health, Witten/Herdecke University, 58453 Witten, Germany
| | - Lisa-Marie Dawson
- Virology and Microbiology, Centre for Biomedical Education & Research (ZBAF), Faculty of Health, Witten/Herdecke University, 58453 Witten, Germany
| | - Nissai Beaude
- Virology and Microbiology, Centre for Biomedical Education & Research (ZBAF), Faculty of Health, Witten/Herdecke University, 58453 Witten, Germany
- AgroParisTech, Paris-Saclay University, Palaiseau, France
| | - Arsalene Affes
- Virology and Microbiology, Centre for Biomedical Education & Research (ZBAF), Faculty of Health, Witten/Herdecke University, 58453 Witten, Germany
- AgroParisTech, Paris-Saclay University, Palaiseau, France
| | - Eric Ehrke-Schulz
- Virology and Microbiology, Centre for Biomedical Education & Research (ZBAF), Faculty of Health, Witten/Herdecke University, 58453 Witten, Germany
| | - Wenli Zhang
- Virology and Microbiology, Centre for Biomedical Education & Research (ZBAF), Faculty of Health, Witten/Herdecke University, 58453 Witten, Germany
| | - Adrian Westhaus
- Translational Vectorology Research Unit, Children’s Medical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Marti Cabanes-Creus
- Translational Vectorology Research Unit, Children’s Medical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Leszek Lisowski
- Translational Vectorology Research Unit, Children’s Medical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
- Australian Genome Therapeutics Centre, Children’s Medical Research Institute and Sydney Children’s Hospitals Network, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
- Military Institute of Medicine – National Research Institute, Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Innovative Therapies, 04-141 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Zsolt Ruszics
- Institute of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, University Medical Center Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Anja Ehrhardt
- Virology and Microbiology, Centre for Biomedical Education & Research (ZBAF), Faculty of Health, Witten/Herdecke University, 58453 Witten, Germany
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Taylor IP, Lopez JA. Oncolytic adenoviruses and the treatment of pancreatic cancer: a review of clinical trials. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2023; 149:8117-8129. [PMID: 37031291 PMCID: PMC10374677 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-023-04735-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/10/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains a common and difficult cancer to treat. Surgical resection and chemotherapy are standard of care and clinical outcomes remain poor. Oncolytic adenoviruses are a unique approach to the treatment of this challenging cancer, aiming to overcome the features of this disease that pose the key obstacles to standard therapies. This paper provides a detailed review of the clinical trials of conditionally-replicative adenoviruses in pancreatic cancer to date, with a brief summary of the past preclinical literature and future prospects of this therapy. METHODS MEDLINE, Embase, and clinicaltrials.gov were searched from inception to December 23rd 2022 for clinical trials of conditionally-replicative adenoviruses used in patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Primary features for review included patient demographics, treatment protocol including dose and administration route, adverse events, patient responses and survival rates. RESULTS The six published clinical trials suggest that objective clinical responses can be achieved with a tolerable level of side effects, even at high viral doses. The more clinically adaptable intravenous route of administration also appears to be as well tolerated as the more challenging intratumoural injections. CONCLUSION Published clinical trials provide data of the safety and some signs of oncolytic activity of conditionally-replicative adenoviruses in patients with pancreatic cancer. Importantly, on the latest trials, the easier intravenous route of administration seems to be well tolerated and safe, providing the opportunity for further clinical evaluation. It is hoped that the ongoing clinical trials will yield more promising results of this therapeutic approach against a currently intractable disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isobel P. Taylor
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia
| | - J. Alejandro Lopez
- School of Environment and Sciences, Griffith University, Nathan, Australia
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Moreno-Gutierrez DS, Del Toro-Ríos X, Martinez-Sulvaran NJ, Perez-Altamirano MB, Hernandez-Garcia A. Programming the Cellular Uptake of Protein-Based Viromimetic Nanoparticles for Enhanced Delivery. Biomacromolecules 2023; 24:1563-1573. [PMID: 36877960 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.2c01295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
Viral mimetics is a noteworthy strategy to design efficient delivery systems without the safety drawbacks and engineering difficulties of modifying viral vectors. The triblock polypeptide CSB was previously designed de novo to self-assemble with DNA into nanocomplexes called artificial virus-like particles (AVLPs) due to their similarities to viral particles. Here, we show how we can incorporate new blocks into the CSB polypeptide to enhance its transfection without altering its self-assembly capabilities and the stability and morphology of the AVLPs. The addition of a short peptide (aurein) and/or a large protein (transferrin) to the AVLPs improved their internalization and specific targeting to cells by up to 11 times. Overall, these results show how we can further program the cellular uptake of the AVLPs with a wide range of bioactive blocks. This can pave the way to develop programmable and efficient gene delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- David S Moreno-Gutierrez
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Engineering and Bionanotechnology, Department of Chemistry of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Chemistry, UNAM, 04510 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ximena Del Toro-Ríos
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Engineering and Bionanotechnology, Department of Chemistry of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Chemistry, UNAM, 04510 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Natalia J Martinez-Sulvaran
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Engineering and Bionanotechnology, Department of Chemistry of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Chemistry, UNAM, 04510 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Mayra B Perez-Altamirano
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Engineering and Bionanotechnology, Department of Chemistry of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Chemistry, UNAM, 04510 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Armando Hernandez-Garcia
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Engineering and Bionanotechnology, Department of Chemistry of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Chemistry, UNAM, 04510 Mexico City, Mexico
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Barry MA, Rubin JD, Lu SC. Retargeting adenoviruses for therapeutic applications and vaccines. FEBS Lett 2020; 594:1918-1946. [PMID: 31944286 PMCID: PMC7311308 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Adenoviruses (Ads) are robust vectors for therapeutic applications and vaccines, but their use can be limited by differences in their in vitro and in vivo pharmacologies. This review emphasizes that there is not just one Ad, but a whole virome of diverse viruses that can be used as therapeutics. It discusses that true vector targeting involves not only retargeting viruses, but importantly also detargeting the viruses from off-target cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Barry
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Immunology, Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Jeffrey D Rubin
- Virology and Gene Therapy Graduate Program, Mayo Graduate School, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Shao-Chia Lu
- Virology and Gene Therapy Graduate Program, Mayo Graduate School, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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The practical self-targeted oncolytic adenoviral nanosphere based on immuno-obstruction method via polyprotein surface precipitation technique enhances transfection efficiency for virotherapy. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 508:791-796. [PMID: 30528388 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.10.162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Recent developments in tumour treatment had focused on virotherapies that were currently revolutionising new innovated treatment pathways. This study focused on the fabrication of oncolytic adenoviral vector (Ad) nanosphere that self-targeted at lung tumour cells (A549), utilising the immune response for upper respiratory tract infection, caused by the Ad infection. This system was dependent upon T-cell immune response, surface charge and blood metabolism. Oncolytic Ad attacked lung A549 tumour cells by incorporated its own DNA to replace A549's, the triggered immune response generated T-cells also further attack A549. Direct Ad injection was demonstrated to be lethal and prohibited in vivo. In this research a multifunctional principal using polyprotein surface precipitation technique (PSP) whist maintaining biological controls for self-assembly polyprotein Ad nanosphere both biocompatible and reproducible, was demonstrated as a result of the enhanced transfection efficiency and a successful multifunctional drug delivery system for virotherapy.
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Sato-Dahlman M, Wirth K, Yamamoto M. Role of Gene Therapy in Pancreatic Cancer-A Review. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:E103. [PMID: 29614005 PMCID: PMC5923358 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10040103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Mortality from pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has remained essentially unchanged for decades and its relative contribution to overall cancer death is projected to only increase in the coming years. Current treatment for PDAC includes aggressive chemotherapy and surgical resection in a limited number of patients, with median survival of optimal treatment rather dismal. Recent advances in gene therapies offer novel opportunities for treatment, even in those with locally advanced disease. In this review, we summarize emerging techniques to the design and administration of virotherapy, synthetic vectors, and gene-editing technology. Despite these promising advances, shortcomings continue to exist and here will also be highlighted those approaches to overcoming obstacles in current laboratory and clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Keith Wirth
- Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
| | - Masato Yamamoto
- Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
- Surgery BTR, MMC 195, 8195F, 420 Delaware St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
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Nguyen TV, Anguiano-Zarate SS, Matchett WE, Barry ME, Barry MA. Retargeted and detargeted adenovirus for gene delivery to the muscle. Virology 2017; 514:118-123. [PMID: 29172089 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2017.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Revised: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
We previously selected muscle binding peptides 12.51 and 12.52 from "context-specific" phage display libraries for introduction into adenovirus (Ad) vectors. In this work, these peptides were inserted into the hypervariable region (HVR) 5 loop of the Ad5 hexon protein to display 720 peptides per virions. HVR-12.51 and 12.52 increased transduction of C2C12 cells up to 20-fold when compared to unmodified Ad5. 12.51 increased in vivo muscle transduction 2 to 7-fold over unmodified Ad after intramuscular injection in mice and hamsters. 12.52 did not increase muscle transduction. Notably, insertion of 12.51 into the hexon reduced liver transduction 80-fold when compared to unmodified Ad5 after intravenous injection. Increased muscle transduction in mice translated into increased immune responses after gene-based vaccination. These data suggest there are merits to retargeting and detargeting benefits to modifying the hexons of Ads with peptide ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tien V Nguyen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States; Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | | | - William E Matchett
- Virology and Gene Therapy Graduate Program, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Mary E Barry
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States; Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Michael A Barry
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States; Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States; Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States.
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8
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Yamamoto Y, Nagasato M, Rin Y, Henmi M, Ino Y, Yachida S, Ohki R, Hiraoka N, Tagawa M, Aoki K. Strong antitumor efficacy of a pancreatic tumor-targeting oncolytic adenovirus for neuroendocrine tumors. Cancer Med 2017; 6:2385-2397. [PMID: 28941156 PMCID: PMC5633550 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.1185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Revised: 08/05/2017] [Accepted: 08/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Although oncolytic adenoviruses are promising cancer therapy agents, for effective oncolytic activity, viruses need to specifically infect and effectively replicate in cancer cells but not in normal cells. We have previously identified a pancreatic cancer-targeting ligand, SYENFSA (SYE), by screening an adenovirus library displaying random peptides against human pancreatic cancer cells and reported that a survivin promoter-regulated adenovirus, displaying the SYE ligand (AdSur-SYE), provided effective oncolysis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) in a preclinical study. As we examined the infectivity of AdSur-SYE in human surgical specimens of various pancreatic tumors, we unexpectedly found that AdSur-SYE showed high gene transduction efficiency for pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PNETs) as well as for PDAC, 9.1- and 6.2-fold, respectively, compared to that of the nontargeting virus (AdSur). The infectivity of both vectors was almost the same in other cancers and organs such as the pancreas. Immunostaining indicated that the cells infected with AdSur-SYE were PNET cells but not stromal cells. AdSur-SYE showed a significantly higher oncolytic potency than that of AdSur in human PNET cell lines, and intratumoral infection with AdSur-SYE completely diminished subcutaneous tumors in a murine model, in which AdSur-SYE effectively proliferated and spread. AdSur-SYE exerted a stronger oncolytic effect in primary PNET cells cocultured with mouse embryonic fibroblasts than AdSur did. Thus, AdSur-SYE shows promise as a next-generation therapy for PNET.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Yamamoto
- Division of Molecular and Cellular MedicineNational Cancer Center Research InstituteTokyoJapan
- NCC Cancer ScienceTokyo Medical and Dental UniversityTokyoJapan
| | - Masaki Nagasato
- Division of Molecular and Cellular MedicineNational Cancer Center Research InstituteTokyoJapan
- NCC Cancer ScienceTokyo Medical and Dental UniversityTokyoJapan
| | - Yosei Rin
- Division of Molecular and Cellular MedicineNational Cancer Center Research InstituteTokyoJapan
- NCC Cancer ScienceTokyo Medical and Dental UniversityTokyoJapan
| | - Marina Henmi
- Division of Molecular and Cellular MedicineNational Cancer Center Research InstituteTokyoJapan
- NCC Cancer ScienceTokyo Medical and Dental UniversityTokyoJapan
| | - Yoshinori Ino
- Molecular PathologyNational Cancer Center Research InstituteTokyoJapan
| | - Shinichi Yachida
- Cancer GenomicsNational Cancer Center Research InstituteTokyoJapan
| | - Rieko Ohki
- Rare Cancer ResearchNational Cancer Center Research InstituteTokyoJapan
| | - Nobuyoshi Hiraoka
- Molecular PathologyNational Cancer Center Research InstituteTokyoJapan
| | - Masatoshi Tagawa
- Division of Pathology and Cell TherapyChiba Cancer Center Research InstituteChibaJapan
| | - Kazunori Aoki
- Division of Molecular and Cellular MedicineNational Cancer Center Research InstituteTokyoJapan
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Yamamoto Y, Nagasato M, Yoshida T, Aoki K. Recent advances in genetic modification of adenovirus vectors for cancer treatment. Cancer Sci 2017; 108:831-837. [PMID: 28266780 PMCID: PMC5448613 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Revised: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenoviruses are widely used to deliver genes to a variety of cell types and have been used in a number of clinical trials for gene therapy and oncolytic virotherapy. However, several concerns must be addressed for the clinical use of adenovirus vectors. Selective delivery of a therapeutic gene by adenovirus vectors to target cancer is precluded by the widespread distribution of the primary cellular receptors. The systemic administration of adenoviruses results in hepatic tropism independent of the primary receptors. Adenoviruses induce strong innate and acquired immunity in vivo. Furthermore, several modifications to these vectors are necessary to enhance their oncolytic activity and ensure patient safety. As such, the adenovirus genome has been engineered to overcome these problems. The first part of the present review outlines recent progress in the genetic modification of adenovirus vectors for cancer treatment. In addition, several groups have recently developed cancer-targeting adenovirus vectors by using libraries that display random peptides on a fiber knob. Pancreatic cancer-targeting sequences have been isolated, and these oncolytic vectors have been shown by our group to be associated with a higher gene transduction efficiency and more potent oncolytic activity in cell lines, murine models, and surgical specimens of pancreatic cancer. In the second part of this review, we explain that combining cancer-targeting strategies can be a promising approach to increase the clinical usefulness of oncolytic adenovirus vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Yamamoto
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaki Nagasato
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Teruhiko Yoshida
- Division of Genetics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazunori Aoki
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
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Yamamoto Y, Hiraoka N, Goto N, Rin Y, Miura K, Narumi K, Uchida H, Tagawa M, Aoki K. A targeting ligand enhances infectivity and cytotoxicity of an oncolytic adenovirus in human pancreatic cancer tissues. J Control Release 2014; 192:284-93. [PMID: 25108153 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2014.07.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2014] [Revised: 07/12/2014] [Accepted: 07/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The addition of a targeting strategy is necessary to enhance oncolysis and secure safety of a conditionally replicative adenovirus (CRAd). We have constructed an adenovirus library displaying random peptides on the fiber, and have successfully identified a pancreatic cancer-targeting ligand (SYENFSA). Here, the usefulness of cancer-targeted CRAd for pancreatic cancer was examined as a preclinical study. First, we constructed a survivin promoter-regulated CRAd expressing enhanced green fluorescent protein gene (EGFP), which displayed the identified targeting ligand (AdSur-SYE). The AdSur-SYE resulted in higher gene transduction efficiency and oncolytic potency than the untargeted CRAd (AdSur) in several pancreatic cancer cell lines. An intratumoral injection of AdSur-SYE significantly suppressed the growth of subcutaneous tumors, in which AdSur-SYE effectively proliferated and spread. An ectopic infection in adjacent tissues and organs of intratumorally injected AdSur-SYE was decreased compared with AdSur. Then, to examine whether the targeting ligand actually enhanced the infectivity of CRAd in human pancreatic cancer tissues, tumor cells prepared from surgical specimens were infected with viruses. The AdSur-SYE increased gene transduction efficiency 6.4-fold higher than did AdSur in single cells derived from human pancreatic cancer, whereas the infectivity of both vectors was almost the same in the pancreas and other cancers. Immunostaining showed that most EGFP(+) cells were cytokeratin-positive in the sliced tissues, indicating that pancreatic cancer cells but not stromal cells were injected with AdSur-SYE. AdSur-SYE resulted in a stronger oncolysis in the primary pancreatic cancer cells co-cultured with mouse embryonic fibroblasts than AdSur did. CRAd in combination with a tumor-targeting ligand is promising as a next-generation of oncolytic virotherapy for pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Yamamoto
- Division of Gene and Immune Medicine, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan; Laboratory of Oncology, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0355, Japan
| | - Nobuyoshi Hiraoka
- Division of Molecular Pathology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Naoko Goto
- Division of Gene and Immune Medicine, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Yosei Rin
- Division of Gene and Immune Medicine, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan; Laboratory of Oncology, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0355, Japan
| | - Kazuki Miura
- Division of Gene and Immune Medicine, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan; Laboratory of Oncology, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0355, Japan
| | - Kenta Narumi
- Division of Gene and Immune Medicine, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Uchida
- Laboratory of Oncology, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0355, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Tagawa
- Division of Pathology and Cell Therapy, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, 666-2 Nitona-chou, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-0801, Japan
| | - Kazunori Aoki
- Division of Gene and Immune Medicine, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan.
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