1
|
Qian K, Yang P, Li Y, Meng R, Cheng Y, Zhou L, Wu J, Xu S, Bao X, Guo Q, Wang P, Xu M, Sheng D, Zhang Q. Rational fusion design inspired by cell-penetrating peptide: SS31/S-14 G Humanin hybrid peptide with amplified multimodal efficacy and bio-permeability for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Asian J Pharm Sci 2024; 19:100938. [PMID: 39253611 PMCID: PMC11382307 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajps.2024.100938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 09/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is a neurodegenerative disease induced by multiple interconnected mechanisms. Peptide drug candidates with multi-modal efficacy generated from fusion strategy are suitable for addressing multi-facet pathology. However, clinical translation of peptide drugs is greatly hampered by their low permeability into brain. Herein, a hybrid peptide HNSS is generated by merging two therapeutic peptides (SS31 and S-14 G Humanin (HNG)), using a different approach from the classical shuttle-therapeutic peptide conjugate design. HNSS demonstrated increased bio-permeability, with a 2-fold improvement in brain distribution over HNG, thanks to its structure mimicking the design of signal peptide-derived cell-penetrating peptides. HNSS efficiently alleviated mitochondrial dysfunction through the combined effects of mitochondrial targeting, ROS scavenging and p-STAT3 activation. Meanwhile, HNSS with increased Aβ affinity greatly inhibited Aβ oligomerization/fibrillation, and interrupted Aβ interaction with neuron/microglia by reducing neuronal mitochondrial Aβ deposition and promoting microglial phagocytosis of Aβ. In 3× Tg-AD transgenic mice, HNSS treatment efficiently inhibited brain neuron loss and improved the cognitive performance. This work validates the rational fusion design-based strategy for bio-permeability improvement and efficacy amplification, providing a paradigm for developing therapeutic peptide candidates against neurodegenerative disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kang Qian
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Peng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yixian Li
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Ran Meng
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yunlong Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Lingling Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jing Wu
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Shuting Xu
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xiaoyan Bao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Qian Guo
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Pengzhen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Minjun Xu
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Dongyu Sheng
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Qizhi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Chu Z, Zhu L, Zhou Y, Yang F, Hu Z, Luo Y, Li W, Luo F. Targeting Nrf2 by bioactive peptides alleviate inflammation: expanding the role of gut microbiota and metabolites. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2024:1-20. [PMID: 38881345 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2024.2367570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Inflammation is a complex process that usually refers to the general response of the body to the harmful stimuli of various pathogens, tissue damage, or exogenous pollutants. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a transcription factor that regulates cellular defense against oxidative damage and toxicity by expressing genes related to oxidative stress response and drug detoxification. In addition to its antioxidant properties, Nrf2 is involved in many other important physiological processes, including inflammation and metabolism. Nrf2 can bind the promoters of antioxidant genes and upregulates their expressions, which alleviate oxidation-induced inflammation. Nrf2 has been shown to upregulate heme oxygenase-1 expression, which promotes NF-κB activation and is closely related with inflammation. Nrf2, as a key factor in antioxidant response, is closely related to the expressions of pro-inflammatory factors, NF-κB pathway and cell metabolism. Bioactive peptides come from a wide range of sources and have many biological functions. Increasing evidence indicates that bioactive peptides have potential anti-inflammatory activities. This article summarized the sources, absorption and utilization of bioactive peptides and their role in alleviating inflammation via Nrf2 pathway. Bioactive peptides can also regulate gut microbiota and alter metabolites, which regulates the Nrf2 pathway through novel pathway and supplement the anti-inflammatory mechanisms of bioactive peptides. This review provides a reference for further study on the anti-inflammatory effect of bioactive peptides and the development and utilization of functional foods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhongxing Chu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Grain-oil Deep Process and Quality Control, Hunan Key Laboratory of Forestry Edible Resources Safety and Processing, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Lingfeng Zhu
- Hunan Agricultural Product Processing Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yaping Zhou
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Grain-oil Deep Process and Quality Control, Hunan Key Laboratory of Forestry Edible Resources Safety and Processing, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Feiyan Yang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Grain-oil Deep Process and Quality Control, Hunan Key Laboratory of Forestry Edible Resources Safety and Processing, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zuomin Hu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Grain-oil Deep Process and Quality Control, Hunan Key Laboratory of Forestry Edible Resources Safety and Processing, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yi Luo
- Department of Clinic Medicine, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wen Li
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Grain-oil Deep Process and Quality Control, Hunan Key Laboratory of Forestry Edible Resources Safety and Processing, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Feijun Luo
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Grain-oil Deep Process and Quality Control, Hunan Key Laboratory of Forestry Edible Resources Safety and Processing, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Cavaco M, Fraga P, Valle J, Silva RDM, Gano L, Correia JDG, Andreu D, Castanho MARB, Neves V. Molecular determinants for brain targeting by peptides: a meta-analysis approach with experimental validation. Fluids Barriers CNS 2024; 21:45. [PMID: 38802930 PMCID: PMC11131246 DOI: 10.1186/s12987-024-00545-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Blood-brain barrier (BBB) peptide-shuttles (BBBpS) are able to translocate the BBB and reach the brain. Despite the importance of brain targeting in pharmacology, BBBpS are poorly characterized. Currently, their development relies on the empiric assumption that cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs), with proven ability to traverse lipid membranes, will likewise behave as a BBBpS. The relationship between CPPs/BBBpS remains elusive and, to the best of our knowledge, has not hitherto been subject to thorough experimental scrutiny. In this work, we have identified/quantified the main physicochemical properties of BBBpS and then searched for CPPs with these properties, hence potential BBBpS. The specific features found for BBBpS are: (i) small size, (ii) none or few aromatic residues, (iii) hydrophobic, and (iv) slight cationic nature. Then, we selected the 10 scoring best in an ordinary least squares analysis, and tested them in vitro and in vivo. Overall, we identified the molecular determinants for brain targeting by peptides, devised a methodology that can be used to assist in the design of peptides with potential brain penetration from amino acid residue sequences, and found four new BBBpS within the CPP library.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Cavaco
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Egas Moniz, 1649-028, Lisbon, Portugal
- Proteomics and Protein Chemistry Unit, Department of Medicine and Life Sciences, Pompeu Fabra University, Dr. Aiguader 88, Barcelona Biomedical Research Park, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Patrícia Fraga
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Egas Moniz, 1649-028, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Javier Valle
- Proteomics and Protein Chemistry Unit, Department of Medicine and Life Sciences, Pompeu Fabra University, Dr. Aiguader 88, Barcelona Biomedical Research Park, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ruben D M Silva
- Centro de Ciências E Tecnologias Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, CTN, Estrada Nacional 10 (Km 139,7), 2695-066, Bobadela LRS, Portugal
| | - Lurdes Gano
- Centro de Ciências E Tecnologias Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, CTN, Estrada Nacional 10 (Km 139,7), 2695-066, Bobadela LRS, Portugal
- Departamento de Engenharia E Ciências Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, CTN, Estrada Nacional 10 (Km 139,7), 2695-066, Bobadela LRS, Portugal
| | - João D G Correia
- Centro de Ciências E Tecnologias Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, CTN, Estrada Nacional 10 (Km 139,7), 2695-066, Bobadela LRS, Portugal
- Departamento de Engenharia E Ciências Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, CTN, Estrada Nacional 10 (Km 139,7), 2695-066, Bobadela LRS, Portugal
| | - David Andreu
- Proteomics and Protein Chemistry Unit, Department of Medicine and Life Sciences, Pompeu Fabra University, Dr. Aiguader 88, Barcelona Biomedical Research Park, 08003, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Miguel A R B Castanho
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Egas Moniz, 1649-028, Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Vera Neves
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Egas Moniz, 1649-028, Lisbon, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ghosh A, Majie A, Karmakar V, Chatterjee K, Chakraborty S, Pandey M, Jain N, Roy Sarkar S, Nair AB, Gorain B. In-depth Mechanism, Challenges, and Opportunities of Delivering Therapeutics in Brain Using Intranasal Route. AAPS PharmSciTech 2024; 25:96. [PMID: 38710855 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-024-02810-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Central nervous system-related disorders have become a continuing threat to human life and the current statistic indicates an increasing trend of such disorders worldwide. The primary therapeutic challenge, despite the availability of therapies for these disorders, is to sustain the drug's effective concentration in the brain while limiting its accumulation in non-targeted areas. This is attributed to the presence of the blood-brain barrier and first-pass metabolism which limits the transportation of drugs to the brain irrespective of popular and conventional routes of drug administration. Therefore, there is a demand to practice alternative routes for predictable drug delivery using advanced drug delivery carriers to overcome the said obstacles. Recent research attracted attention to intranasal-to-brain drug delivery for promising targeting therapeutics in the brain. This review emphasizes the mechanisms to deliver therapeutics via different pathways for nose-to-brain drug delivery with recent advancements in delivery and formulation aspects. Concurrently, for the benefit of future studies, the difficulties in administering medications by intranasal pathway have also been highlighted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arya Ghosh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, 835215, India
| | - Ankit Majie
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, 835215, India
| | - Varnita Karmakar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, 835215, India
| | - Kaberi Chatterjee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, 835215, India
| | - Swarup Chakraborty
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, 835215, India
| | - Manisha Pandey
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, 123031, India
| | - Neha Jain
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Noida, U.P., India
| | - Suparna Roy Sarkar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, 835215, India
| | - Anroop B Nair
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bapi Gorain
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, 835215, India.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zimmer O, Goepferich A. On the uncertainty of the correlation between nanoparticle avidity and biodistribution. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2024; 198:114240. [PMID: 38437906 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2024.114240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
The specific delivery of a drug to its site of action also known as targeted drug delivery is a topic in the field of pharmaceutics studied for decades. One approach extensively investigated in this context is the use ligand functionalized nanoparticles. These particles are modified to carry receptor specific ligands, enabling them to accumulate at a desired target site. However, while this concept initially appears straightforward to implement, in-depth research has revealed several challenges hindering target site specific particle accumulation - some of which remain unresolved to this day. One of these challenges consists in the still incomplete understanding of how nanoparticles interact with biological systems. This knowledge gap significantly compromises the predictability of particle distribution in biological systems, which is critical for therapeutic efficacy. One of the most crucial steps in delivery is the attachment of nanoparticles to cells at the target site. This attachment occurs via the formation of multiple ligand receptor bonds. A process also referred to as multivalent interaction. While multivalency has been described extensively for individual molecules and macromolecules respectively, little is known on the multivalent binding of nanoparticles to cells. Here, we will specifically introduce the concept of avidity as a measure for favorable particle membrane interactions. Also, an overview about nanoparticle and membrane properties affecting avidity will be given. Thereafter, we provide a thorough review on literature investigating the correlation between nanoparticle avidity and success in targeted particle delivery. In particular, we want to analyze the currently uncertain data on the existence and nature of the correlation between particle avidity and biodistribution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Zimmer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Bavaria 93053, Germany
| | - Achim Goepferich
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Bavaria 93053, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Lim SH, Yee GT, Khang D. Nanoparticle-Based Combinational Strategies for Overcoming the Blood-Brain Barrier and Blood-Tumor Barrier. Int J Nanomedicine 2024; 19:2529-2552. [PMID: 38505170 PMCID: PMC10949308 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s450853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) and blood-tumor barrier (BTB) pose substantial challenges to efficacious drug delivery for glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), a primary brain tumor with poor prognosis. Nanoparticle-based combinational strategies have emerged as promising modalities to overcome these barriers and enhance drug penetration into the brain parenchyma. This review discusses various nanoparticle-based combinatorial approaches that combine nanoparticles with cell-based drug delivery, viral drug delivery, focused ultrasound, magnetic field, and intranasal drug delivery to enhance drug permeability across the BBB and BTB. Cell-based drug delivery involves using engineered cells as carriers for nanoparticles, taking advantage of their intrinsic migratory and homing capabilities to facilitate the transport of therapeutic payloads across BBB and BTB. Viral drug delivery uses engineered viral vectors to deliver therapeutic genes or payloads to specific cells within the GBM microenvironment. Focused ultrasound, coupled with microbubbles or nanoparticles, can temporarily disrupt the BBB to increase drug permeability. Magnetic field-guided drug delivery exploits magnetic nanoparticles to facilitate targeted drug delivery under an external magnetic field. Intranasal drug delivery offers a minimally invasive avenue to bypass the BBB and deliver therapeutic agents directly to the brain via olfactory and trigeminal pathways. By combining these strategies, synergistic effects can enhance drug delivery efficiency, improve therapeutic efficacy, and reduce off-target effects. Future research should focus on optimizing nanoparticle design, exploring new combination strategies, and advancing preclinical and clinical investigations to promote the translation of nanoparticle-based combination therapies for GBM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Su Hyun Lim
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, Incheon, 21999, South Korea
- Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon, 21999, South Korea
| | - Gi Taek Yee
- Department of Neurosurgery, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University, School of Medicine, Incheon, 21565, South Korea
| | - Dongwoo Khang
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, Incheon, 21999, South Korea
- Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon, 21999, South Korea
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon, 21999, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Wang T, Li M, Wei R, Wang X, Lin Z, Chen J, Wu X. Small Molecule-Drug Conjugates Emerge as a New Promising Approach for Cancer Treatment. Mol Pharm 2024; 21:1038-1055. [PMID: 38344996 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.3c01049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Antibody drug conjugates (ADCs) have emerged as a new promising class of anti- cancer agents. However, limitations such as higher costs and unavoidable immunogenicity due to their relatively large structures cannot be ignored. Therefore, the development of lightweight drugs such as small molecule-drug conjugates (SMDCs) based on the ADC design idea has become a new option for targeted therapy. SMDCs are derived from the coupling of small-molecule targeting ligands with cytotoxic drugs. They are composed of three parts: small-molecule targeting ligands, cytotoxic molecules, and linkers. Compared with ADCs, SMDCs can be more rapidly and evenly dispersed into tumor tissues, with low cost and no immunogenicity. In this article, we will give a comprehensive review of different types of SMDCs currently under clinical trials to provide ideas and inspirations for the development of clinically applicable SMDCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tiansi Wang
- Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1, Qiuyang Road, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China
- Shanghai Wei Er Lab, Shanghai 201799, China
| | - Meichai Li
- Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1, Qiuyang Road, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China
- Shanghai Wei Er Lab, Shanghai 201799, China
| | - Ruting Wei
- Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1, Qiuyang Road, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China
- Shanghai Wei Er Lab, Shanghai 201799, China
| | - Xinyu Wang
- Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1, Qiuyang Road, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China
- Shanghai Wei Er Lab, Shanghai 201799, China
| | - Zhizhe Lin
- Shanghai Wei Er Lab, Shanghai 201799, China
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.4655, University Road, Jinan, Shandong 250355, China
| | - Jianming Chen
- Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1, Qiuyang Road, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China
- Shanghai Wei Er Lab, Shanghai 201799, China
| | - Xin Wu
- Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1, Qiuyang Road, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China
- Shanghai Wei Er Lab, Shanghai 201799, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Mehrdadi S. Lipid-Based Nanoparticles as Oral Drug Delivery Systems: Overcoming Poor Gastrointestinal Absorption and Enhancing Bioavailability of Peptide and Protein Therapeutics. Adv Pharm Bull 2024; 14:48-66. [PMID: 38585451 PMCID: PMC10997935 DOI: 10.34172/apb.2024.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Delivery and formulation of oral peptide and protein therapeutics have always been a challenge for the pharmaceutical industry. The oral bioavailability of peptide and protein therapeutics mainly relies on their gastrointestinal solubility and permeability which are affected by their poor membrane penetration, high molecular weight and proteolytic (chemical and enzymatic) degradation resulting in limited delivery and therapeutic efficacy. The present review article highlights the challenges and limitations of oral delivery of peptide and protein therapeutics focusing on the application, potential and importance of solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) and nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) as lipid-based drug delivery systems (LBDDSs) and their advantages and drawbacks. LBDDSs, due to their lipid-based matrix can encapsulate both lipophilic and hydrophilic drugs, and by reducing the first-pass effect and avoiding proteolytic degradation offer improved drug stability, dissolution rate, absorption, bioavailability and controlled drug release. Furthermore, their small size, high surface area and surface modification increase their mucosal adhesion, tissue-targeted distribution, physiological function and half-life. Properties such as simple preparation, high-scale manufacturing, biodegradability, biocompatibility, prolonged half-life, lower toxicity, lower adverse effects, lipid-based structure, higher drug encapsulation rate and various drug release profile compared to other similar carrier systems makes LBDDSs a promising drug delivery system (DDS). Nevertheless, undesired physicochemical features of peptide and protein drug development and discovery such as plasma stability, membrane permeability and circulation half-life remain a serious challenge which should be addressed in future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soheil Mehrdadi
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Chung K, Ullah I, Yi Y, Kang E, Yun G, Heo S, Kim M, Chung SE, Park S, Lim J, Lee M, Rhim T, Lee SK. Intranasal Delivery of Anti-Apoptotic siRNA Complexed with Fas-Signaling Blocking Peptides Attenuates Cellular Apoptosis in Brain Ischemia. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:290. [PMID: 38399343 PMCID: PMC10892455 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16020290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke-induced neuronal cell death leads to the permanent impairment of brain function. The Fas-mediating extrinsic apoptosis pathway and the cytochrome c-mediating intrinsic apoptosis pathway are two major molecular mechanisms contributing to neuronal injury in ischemic stroke. In this study, we employed a Fas-blocking peptide (FBP) coupled with a positively charged nona-arginine peptide (9R) to form a complex with negatively charged siRNA targeting Bax (FBP9R/siBax). This complex is specifically designed to deliver siRNA to Fas-expressing ischemic brain cells. This complex enables the targeted inhibition of Fas-mediating extrinsic apoptosis pathways and cytochrome c-mediating intrinsic apoptosis pathways. Specifically, the FBP targets the Fas/Fas ligand signaling, while siBax targets Bax involved in mitochondria disruption in the intrinsic pathway. The FBP9R carrier system enables the delivery of functional siRNA to hypoxic cells expressing the Fas receptor on their surface-a finding validated through qPCR and confocal microscopy analyses. Through intranasal (IN) administration of FBP9R/siCy5 to middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) ischemic rat models, brain imaging revealed the complex specifically localized to the Fas-expressing infarcted region but did not localize in the non-infarcted region of the brain. A single IN administration of FBP9R/siBax demonstrated a significant reduction in neuronal cell death by effectively inhibiting Fas signaling and preventing the release of cytochrome c. The targeted delivery of FBP9R/siBax represents a promising alternative strategy for the treatment of brain ischemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kunho Chung
- Department of Bioengineering and Institute of Nanoscience and Technology, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea; (K.C.); (Y.Y.); (S.H.)
- Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Irfan Ullah
- Department of Bioengineering and Institute of Nanoscience and Technology, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea; (K.C.); (Y.Y.); (S.H.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Yujong Yi
- Department of Bioengineering and Institute of Nanoscience and Technology, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea; (K.C.); (Y.Y.); (S.H.)
| | - Eunhwa Kang
- Department of Bioengineering and Institute of Nanoscience and Technology, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea; (K.C.); (Y.Y.); (S.H.)
| | - Gyeongju Yun
- Department of Bioengineering and Institute of Nanoscience and Technology, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea; (K.C.); (Y.Y.); (S.H.)
| | - Seoyoun Heo
- Department of Bioengineering and Institute of Nanoscience and Technology, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea; (K.C.); (Y.Y.); (S.H.)
| | - Minkyung Kim
- Department of Bioengineering and Institute of Nanoscience and Technology, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea; (K.C.); (Y.Y.); (S.H.)
| | - Seong-Eun Chung
- Department of Bioengineering and Institute of Nanoscience and Technology, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea; (K.C.); (Y.Y.); (S.H.)
| | - Seongjun Park
- Department of Bioengineering and Institute of Nanoscience and Technology, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea; (K.C.); (Y.Y.); (S.H.)
| | - Jaeyeoung Lim
- Department of Bioengineering and Institute of Nanoscience and Technology, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea; (K.C.); (Y.Y.); (S.H.)
| | - Minhyung Lee
- Department of Bioengineering and Institute of Nanoscience and Technology, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea; (K.C.); (Y.Y.); (S.H.)
| | - Taiyoun Rhim
- Department of Bioengineering and Institute of Nanoscience and Technology, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea; (K.C.); (Y.Y.); (S.H.)
| | - Sang-Kyung Lee
- Department of Bioengineering and Institute of Nanoscience and Technology, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea; (K.C.); (Y.Y.); (S.H.)
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
He Y, Guan J, Lai L, Zhang X, Chen B, Wang X, Wu R. Imaging of brain clearance pathways via MRI assessment of the glymphatic system. Aging (Albany NY) 2023; 15:14945-14956. [PMID: 38149988 PMCID: PMC10781494 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Glymphatic clearance dysfunction may play an important role in a variety of neurodegenerative diseases and the progression of ageing. However, in vivo imaging of the glymphatic system is challenging. In this study, we describe an MRI method based on chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) of the Angiopep-2 probe to visualize the clearance function of the glymphatic system. We injected rats with Angiopep-2 via the tail vein and performed in vivo MRI at 7 T to track differences in Angiopep-2 signal changes; we then applied the same principles in a bilateral deep cervical lymph node ligation rat model and in ageing rats. We demonstrated the feasibility of Angiopep-2 CEST for visualizing the clearance function of the glymphatic system. Finally, a pathological assessment was performed. Within the model group, the deep cervical lymph node ligation group and the ageing group showed higher CEST signal than the control group. We conclude that this new MRI method can visualize clearance in the glymphatic system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi He
- Department of Medical Imaging, Second Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
- Department of Ultrasound, Shantou Central Hospital, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jitian Guan
- Department of Medical Imaging, Second Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Lingfeng Lai
- Department of Medical Imaging, Second Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Xiaolei Zhang
- Department of Medical Imaging, Second Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Beibei Chen
- Department of Medical Imaging, Second Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Xueqing Wang
- Department of Ultrasound, Shantou Central Hospital, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Renhua Wu
- Department of Medical Imaging, Second Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Gomez-Soler M, Olson EJ, de la Torre ER, Zhao C, Lamberto I, Flood DT, Danho W, Lechtenberg BC, Riedl SJ, Dawson PE, Pasquale EB. Lipidation and PEGylation Strategies to Prolong the in Vivo Half-Life of a Nanomolar EphA4 Receptor Antagonist. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 262:115876. [PMID: 38523699 PMCID: PMC10959496 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
The EphA4 receptor tyrosine kinase plays a role in neurodegenerative diseases, inhibition of nerve regeneration, cancer progression and other diseases. Therefore, EphA4 inhibition has potential therapeutic value. Selective EphA4 kinase inhibitors are not available, but we identified peptide antagonists that inhibit ephrin ligand binding to EphA4 with high specificity. One of these peptides is the cyclic APY-d3 (βAPYCVYRβASWSC-NH2), which inhibits ephrin-A5 ligand binding to EphA4 with low nanomolar binding affinity and is highly protease resistant. Here we describe modifications of APY-d3 that yield two different key derivatives with greatly increased half-lives in the mouse circulation, the lipidated APY-d3-laur8 and the PEGylated APY-d3-PEG4. These two derivatives inhibit ligand induced EphA4 activation in cells with sub-micromolar potency. Since they retain high potency and specificity for EphA4, lipidated and PEGylated APY-d3 derivatives represent new tools for discriminating EphA4 activities in vivo and for preclinical testing of EphA4 inhibition in animal disease models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maricel Gomez-Soler
- Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Erika J. Olson
- Departments of Chemistry and Cell and Molecular Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Elena Rubio de la Torre
- Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Chunxia Zhao
- Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Ilaria Lamberto
- Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Dillon T. Flood
- Departments of Chemistry and Cell and Molecular Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Waleed Danho
- Del Mar, California 92014, United States
- Deceased
| | - Bernhard C. Lechtenberg
- Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Stefan J. Riedl
- Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Philip E. Dawson
- Departments of Chemistry and Cell and Molecular Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Elena B. Pasquale
- Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Suzuki N, Tanigawa H, Nagatomo T, Miyagishi H, Kanazawa T, Suzuki T, Kosuge Y. Utility of a Novel Micro-Spraying Device for Intranasal Administration of Drug Solutions to Mice. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2553. [PMID: 38004533 PMCID: PMC10675388 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15112553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Intranasal administration has attracted attention as a means of delivering drugs because it bypasses the blood-brain barrier. However, conventional intranasal administration of drug solutions to mice using the micropipette method (MP method) is complicated and time-consuming because it requires small doses to be administered under inhalation anesthesia. This study evaluated the effectiveness of a novel intranasal administration method using Micro FPS™, a novel micro-spraying device (the MSD method). The MSD method allowed more reliable administration of the solution to the nasal mucosa than the MP method did. The transfer of inulin, a model water-soluble macromolecule compound, to the olfactory bulb and brain (cerebrum, cerebellum, brainstem, and striatum) was similar with the two methods. It also allowed the drug to be administered in a shorter time. These results suggest that the MSD method is simpler and more rapid than the MP method for intranasal administration of drugs to mice and achieves comparable delivery of inulin to the olfactory bulb and brain. Therefore, the Micro FPS™ device is a potentially useful tool for intranasal drug administration to rodents and could facilitate the development of intranasal formulations, contributing to drug development for central nervous system diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naoto Suzuki
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Nihon University, 7-7-1 Narashinodai, Funabashi 274-8555, Chiba, Japan; (H.T.); (T.N.); (T.S.)
| | - Hiroaki Tanigawa
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Nihon University, 7-7-1 Narashinodai, Funabashi 274-8555, Chiba, Japan; (H.T.); (T.N.); (T.S.)
| | - Taiki Nagatomo
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Nihon University, 7-7-1 Narashinodai, Funabashi 274-8555, Chiba, Japan; (H.T.); (T.N.); (T.S.)
| | - Hiroko Miyagishi
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nihon University, 7-7-1 Narashinodai, Funabashi 274-8555, Chiba, Japan;
| | - Takanori Kanazawa
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, 1-78-1 Shoumachi, Tokushima 770-8505, Tokushima, Japan;
| | - Toyofumi Suzuki
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Nihon University, 7-7-1 Narashinodai, Funabashi 274-8555, Chiba, Japan; (H.T.); (T.N.); (T.S.)
| | - Yasuhiro Kosuge
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nihon University, 7-7-1 Narashinodai, Funabashi 274-8555, Chiba, Japan;
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Fatani AS, Petkova A, Schatzlein AG, Uchegbu IF. Dose-dependent delivery of genes to the cerebral cortex via the nasal route. Int J Pharm 2023; 644:123343. [PMID: 37633538 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
The use of nucleic acids to treat various brain diseases could offer new therapeutic modalities, providing the nucleic acids may be effectively delivered to areas of the brain using non-toxic vectors. In this study, we present evidence that genes may be successfully delivered in a dose-dependent manner via the nose, primarily to the cerebral cortex using a 6-O-glycolchitosan (GC) formulation of plasmid DNA. Positively charged (zeta potential = +13 - + 25 mV) GC-DNA nanoparticles of 100-500 nm in diameter with favourable cell biocompatibility were shown to deliver the reporter Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP) plasmid to the U87MG cell line and the resulting protein expression was not significantly different from that obtained with Lipofectamine 2000. On intranasal delivery of GC-luciferase-plasmid nanoparticles to Balb/ C mice at 4 doses, ranging from 0.02 to 0.1 mg/ kg, luciferase activity was observed qualitatively in intact mouse brains, 48 h after intranasal, using the IV-VIS visualisation. In further confirmation of brain delivery, dose-dependent protein expression was quantified in multiple brain areas 48 h after dosing; with protein expression seen mainly in the cerebral cortex and striatum and following expression levels: cerebral cortex = olfactory bulb > striatum > brain stem > mid brain = cerebellum. No protein expression was observed in the liver and lungs of dosed animals. GC-DNA protein expression was not significantly different to that observed with Lipofectamine 2000. These results demonstrate that GC-DNA nanoparticles are able to deliver genes preferably to specific brain regions such as the cerebral cortex and striatum; offering the possibility of using genes to treat a range of neurological disorders using a non-invasive method of dosing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Asya Petkova
- UCL School of Pharmacy, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK; Nanomerics Ltd., Block Y, Northwick Park and St Mark's Hospital, Watford Road, Harrow HA1 3UJ, UK
| | - Andreas G Schatzlein
- UCL School of Pharmacy, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK; Nanomerics Ltd., Block Y, Northwick Park and St Mark's Hospital, Watford Road, Harrow HA1 3UJ, UK
| | - Ijeoma F Uchegbu
- UCL School of Pharmacy, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK; Nanomerics Ltd., Block Y, Northwick Park and St Mark's Hospital, Watford Road, Harrow HA1 3UJ, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Tong Y, Zhu W, Chen J, Zhang W, Xu F, Pang J. Targeted Degradation of Alpha-Synuclein by Autophagosome-Anchoring Chimera Peptides. J Med Chem 2023; 66:12614-12628. [PMID: 37652467 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c01303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Targeted protein degradation (TPD) confers knockdown of "undruggable" targets such as alpha-synuclein (αSyn), a pathogenic protein in multiple neurodegenerative diseases. Though many of these proteins were mainly degraded through the autophagy-lysosome pathway (ALP), few TPD tools harnessing the ALP were reported. Herein, we developed a strategy termed autophagosome-anchoring chimera (ATACC), in which the protein of interest (POI) can be anchored to microtubule-associated protein-1 light chain-3B (LC3B) on the autophagosome with the assistance of an LC3-interacting region (LIR)-containing bifunctional peptide, and the selective autophagy of the POI is thus facilitated. A series of αSyn-targeting ATACC peptides were designed and synthesized. Biological evaluations demonstrated that these compounds could degrade αSyn specifically and effectively through a "chemical-induced cargo recognition-ALP degradation" mechanism. The neuroprotective effects of ATACC peptide P1 were further validated in vitro and in vivo. Collectively, our results provided a new TPD tool and revealed a potential therapeutic strategy against synucleinopathies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yichen Tong
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Wentao Zhu
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jian Chen
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Wenqian Zhang
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Fang Xu
- International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE) & Guangzhou City Key Laboratory of Precision Chemical Drug Development, School of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Jiyan Pang
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Blades R, Ittner LM, Tietz O. Peptides for trans-blood-brain barrier delivery. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2023; 66:237-248. [PMID: 37002811 PMCID: PMC10952576 DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.4023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
Trans-blood-brain barrier (BBB) delivery of therapeutic and diagnostic agents is a major challenge in the development of central nervous system (CNS) targeted radiopharmaceuticals. This review is an introduction to the use of peptides as delivery agents to transport cargos into the CNS. The most widely used BBB-penetrating peptides are reviewed here, with a particular emphasis on the broad range of cargos delivered into the CNS using these. Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) have been deployed as trans-BBB delivery agents for some time; new developments in the CPP field offer exciting opportunities for the design of next generation trans-BBB complexes. Many of the peptides highlighted here are ready to be combined with diagnostic and therapeutic radiopharmaceuticals to develop highly effective CNS-targeted agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Reuben Blades
- Dementia Research Centre, Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human SciencesMacquarie UniversitySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Lars M. Ittner
- Dementia Research Centre, Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human SciencesMacquarie UniversitySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Ole Tietz
- Dementia Research Centre, Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human SciencesMacquarie UniversitySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Kaurav M, Ruhi S, Al-Goshae HA, Jeppu AK, Ramachandran D, Sahu RK, Sarkar AK, Khan J, Ashif Ikbal AM. Dendrimer: An update on recent developments and future opportunities for the brain tumors diagnosis and treatment. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1159131. [PMID: 37006997 PMCID: PMC10060650 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1159131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
A brain tumor is an uncontrolled cell proliferation, a mass of tissue composed of cells that grow and divide abnormally and appear to be uncontrollable by the processes that normally control normal cells. Approximately 25,690 primary malignant brain tumors are discovered each year, 70% of which originate in glial cells. It has been observed that the blood-brain barrier (BBB) limits the distribution of drugs into the tumour environment, which complicates the oncological therapy of malignant brain tumours. Numerous studies have found that nanocarriers have demonstrated significant therapeutic efficacy in brain diseases. This review, based on a non-systematic search of the existing literature, provides an update on the existing knowledge of the types of dendrimers, synthesis methods, and mechanisms of action in relation to brain tumours. It also discusses the use of dendrimers in the diagnosis and treatment of brain tumours and the future possibilities of dendrimers. Dendrimers are of particular interest in the diagnosis and treatment of brain tumours because they can transport biochemical agents across the BBB to the tumour and into the brain after systemic administration. Dendrimers are being used to develop novel therapeutics such as prolonged release of drugs, immunotherapy, and antineoplastic effects. The use of PAMAM, PPI, PLL and surface engineered dendrimers has proven revolutionary in the effective diagnosis and treatment of brain tumours.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Monika Kaurav
- Department of Pharmaceutics, KIET Group of Institutions (KIET School of Pharmacy), Delhi NCR, Ghaziabad, India
- Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam Technical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sakina Ruhi
- Department of Biochemistry, IMS, Management and Science University, University Drive, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Husni Ahmed Al-Goshae
- Department of Anantomy, IMS, Management and Science University, University Drive, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ashok Kumar Jeppu
- Department of Biochemistry, IMS, Management and Science University, University Drive, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Dhani Ramachandran
- Department of Pathology, IMS, Management and Science University, University Drive, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ram Kumar Sahu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hemvati Nandan Bahuguna Garhwal University (A Central University), Chauras Campus, Tehri Garhwal, Uttarakhand, India
- *Correspondence: Ram Kumar Sahu,
| | | | - Jiyauddin Khan
- School of Pharmacy, Management and Science University, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Abu Md Ashif Ikbal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Assam University (A Central University), Silchar, Assam, India
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Shadmani N, Makvandi P, Parsa M, Azadi A, Nedaei K, Mozafari N, Poursina N, Mattoli V, Tay FR, Maleki A, Hamidi M. Enhancing Methotrexate Delivery in the Brain by Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles Functionalized with Cell-Penetrating Peptide using in Vivo and ex Vivo Monitoring. Mol Pharm 2023; 20:1531-1548. [PMID: 36763486 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.2c00755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) acts as a physical/biochemical barrier that protects brain parenchyma from potential hazards exerted by different xenobiotics found in the systemic circulation. This barrier is created by "a lipophilic gate" as well as a series of highly organized influx/efflux mechanisms. The BBB bottleneck adversely affects the efficacy of chemotherapeutic agents in treating different CNS malignancies such as glioblastoma, an aggressive type of cancer affecting the brain. In the present study, mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) were conjugated with the transactivator of transcription (TAT) peptide, a cell-penetrating peptide, to produce MSN-NH-TAT with the aim of improving methotrexate (MTX) penetration into the brain. The TAT-modified nanosystem was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), and N2 adsorption-desorption analysis. In vitro hemolysis and cell viability studies confirmed the biocompatibility of the MSN-based nanocarriers. In addition, in vivo studies showed that the MTX-loaded MSN-NH-TAT improved brain-to-plasma concentration ratio, brain uptake clearance, and the drug's blood terminal half-life, compared with the use of free MTX. Taken together, the results of the present study indicate that MSN functionalization with TAT is crucial for delivery of MTX into the brain. The present nanosystem represents a promising alternative drug carrier to deliver MTX into the brain via overcoming the BBB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nasim Shadmani
- Zanjan Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology Research Center (ZPNRC), Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, 45139-56184Zanjan, Iran.,Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, 45139-56184Zanjan, Iran.,Trita Nanomedicine Research & Technology Development Center (TNRTC), Zanjan Health Technology Park, 45156-13191Zanjan, Iran
| | - Pooyan Makvandi
- School of Engineering, Institute for Bioengineering, The University of Edinburgh, EdinburghEH9 3JL, U.K
| | - Maliheh Parsa
- Department of Toxicology & Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, 45139-56184Zanjan, Iran.,Cancer Gene Therapy Research Center, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, 45139-56184Zanjan, Iran
| | - Amir Azadi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, 71468 64685Shiraz, Iran.,Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, 71468 64685Shiraz, Iran
| | - Keivan Nedaei
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, 45139-56184Zanjan, Iran
| | - Negin Mozafari
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, 71468 64685Shiraz, Iran
| | - Narges Poursina
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biomaterials, School of Pharmacy, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, 45139-56184Zanjan, Iran
| | - Virgilio Mattoli
- Centre for Materials Interfaces, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, 56025Pontedera, Pisa, Italy
| | - Franklin R Tay
- The Graduate School, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia30912, United States
| | - Aziz Maleki
- Zanjan Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology Research Center (ZPNRC), Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, 45139-56184Zanjan, Iran.,Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, 45139-56184Zanjan, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Hamidi
- Zanjan Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology Research Center (ZPNRC), Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, 45139-56184Zanjan, Iran.,Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, 45139-56184Zanjan, Iran.,Trita Nanomedicine Research & Technology Development Center (TNRTC), Zanjan Health Technology Park, 45156-13191Zanjan, Iran.,Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, 45139-56184Zanjan, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Maeng J, Lee K. Systemic and brain delivery of antidiabetic peptides through nasal administration using cell-penetrating peptides. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1068495. [PMID: 36452220 PMCID: PMC9703138 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1068495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The intranasal route has emerged as a promising strategy that can direct delivery of drugs into the systemic circulation because the high-vascularized nasal cavity, among other advantages, avoids the hepatic first-pass metabolism. The nose-to-brain pathway provides a non-invasive alternative to other routes for the delivery of macromolecular therapeutics. A great variety of methodologies has been developed to enhance the efficiency of transepithelial translocation of macromolecules. Among these, the use of cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs), short protein transduction domains (PTDs) that facilitate the intracellular transport of various bioactive molecules, has become an area of extensive research in the intranasal delivery of peptides and proteins either to systemic or to brain compartments. Some CPPs have been applied for the delivery of peptide antidiabetics, including insulin and exendin-4, for treating diabetes and Alzheimer's disease. This review highlights the current status of CPP-driven intranasal delivery of peptide drugs and its potential applicability as a universal vehicle in the nasal drug delivery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kyunglim Lee
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
van den Broek SL, Shalgunov V, Herth MM. Transport of nanomedicines across the blood-brain barrier: Challenges and opportunities for imaging and therapy. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2022; 141:213125. [PMID: 36182833 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2022.213125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a protective and semipermeable border of endothelial cells that prevents toxins and foreign bodies to enter and damage the brain. Unfortunately, the BBB also hampers the development of pharmaceuticals targeting receptors, enzymes, or other proteins that lie beyond this barrier. Especially large molecules, such as monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) or nanoparticles, are prevented to enter the brain. The limited passage of these molecules partly explains why nanomedicines - targeting brain diseases - have not made it into the clinic to a great extent. As nanomedicines can target a wide range of targets including protein isoforms and oligomers or potentially deliver cytotoxic drugs safely to their targets, a pathway to smuggle nanomedicines into the brain would allow to treat brain diseases that are currently considered 'undruggable'. In this review, strategies to transport nanomedicines over the BBB will be discussed. Their challenges and opportunities will be highlighted with respect to their use for molecular imaging or therapies. Several strategies have been explored for this thus far. For example, carrier-mediated and receptor-mediated transcytosis (RMT), techniques to disrupt the BBB, nasal drug delivery or administering nanomedicines directly into the brain have been explored. RMT has been the most widely and successfully explored strategy. Recent work on the use of focused ultrasound based BBB opening has shown great promise. For example, successful delivery of mAbs into the brain has been achieved, even in a clinical setting. As nanomedicines bear the potential to treat incurable brain diseases, drug delivery technologies that can deliver nanomedicines into the brain will play an essential role for future treatment options.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Lopes van den Broek
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 160, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Vladimir Shalgunov
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 160, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Matthias M Herth
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 160, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Lopes van den Broek S, Shalgunov V, García Vázquez R, Beschorner N, Bidesi NSR, Nedergaard M, Knudsen GM, Sehlin D, Syvänen S, Herth MM. Pretargeted Imaging beyond the Blood-Brain Barrier-Utopia or Feasible? Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:1191. [PMID: 36297303 PMCID: PMC9612205 DOI: 10.3390/ph15101191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Pretargeting is a promising nuclear imaging technique that allows for the usage of antibodies (Abs) with enhanced imaging contrast and reduced patient radiation burden. It is based on bioorthogonal chemistry with the tetrazine ligation-a reaction between trans-cyclooctenes (TCOs) and tetrazines (Tzs)-currently being the most popular reaction due to its high selectivity and reactivity. As Abs can be designed to bind specifically to currently 'undruggable' targets such as protein isoforms or oligomers, which play a crucial role in neurodegenerative diseases, pretargeted imaging beyond the BBB is highly sought after, but has not been achieved yet. A challenge in this respect is that large molecules such as Abs show poor brain uptake. Uptake can be increased by receptor mediated transcytosis; however, it is largely unknown if the achieved brain concentrations are sufficient for pretargeted imaging. In this study, we investigated whether the required concentrations are feasible to reach. As a model Ab, we used the bispecific anti-amyloid beta (Aβ) anti-transferrin receptor (TfR) Ab 3D6scFv8D3 and conjugated it to a different amount of TCOs per Ab and tested different concentrations in vitro. With this model in hand, we estimated the minimum required TCO concentration to achieve a suitable contrast between the high and low binding regions. The estimation was carried out using pretargeted autoradiography on brain sections of an Alzheimer's disease mouse model. Biodistribution studies in wild-type (WT) mice were used to correlate how different TCO/Ab ratios alter the brain uptake. Pretargeted autoradiography showed that increasing the number of TCOs as well as increasing the TCO-Ab concentration increased the imaging contrast. A minimum brain concentration of TCOs for pretargeting purposes was determined to be 10.7 pmol/g in vitro. Biodistribution studies in WT mice showed a brain uptake of 1.1% ID/g using TCO-3D6scFv8D3 with 6.8 TCO/Ab. According to our estimations using the optimal parameters, pretargeted imaging beyond the BBB is not a utopia. Necessary brain TCO concentrations can be reached and are in the same order of magnitude as required to achieve sufficient contrast. This work gives a first estimate that pretargeted imaging is indeed possible with antibodies. This could allow the imaging of currently 'undruggable' targets and therefore be crucial to monitor (e.g., therapies for intractable neurodegenerative diseases).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Lopes van den Broek
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Vladimir Shalgunov
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rocío García Vázquez
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Natalie Beschorner
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Natasha S. R. Bidesi
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Maiken Nedergaard
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gitte M. Knudsen
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Rigshospitalet Copenhagen University Hospital, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Dag Sehlin
- Rudbeck Laboratory, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, University of Uppsala, Dag Hammarskjölds väg 20, 75185 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Stina Syvänen
- Rudbeck Laboratory, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, University of Uppsala, Dag Hammarskjölds väg 20, 75185 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Matthias M. Herth
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET, Rigshospitalet Copenhagen University Hospital, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Nose-to-Brain Delivery of Therapeutic Peptides as Nasal Aerosols. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14091870. [PMID: 36145618 PMCID: PMC9502087 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14091870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Central nervous system (CNS) disorders, such as psychiatric disorders, neurodegeneration, chronic pain, stroke, brain tumor, spinal cord injury, and many other CNS diseases, would hugely benefit from specific and potent peptide pharmaceuticals and their low inherent toxicity. The delivery of peptides to the brain is challenging due to their low metabolic stability, which decreases their duration of action, poor penetration of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), and their incompatibility with oral administration, typically resulting in the need for parenteral administration. These challenges limit peptides’ clinical application and explain the interest in alternative routes of peptide administration, particularly nose-to-brain (N-to-B) delivery, which allows protein and peptide drugs to reach the brain noninvasively. N-to-B delivery can be a convenient method for rapidly targeting the CNS, bypassing the BBB, and minimizing systemic exposure; the olfactory and trigeminal nerves provide a unique pathway to the brain and the external environment. This review highlights the intranasal delivery of drugs, focusing on peptide delivery, illustrating various clinical applications, nasal delivery devices, and the scope and limitations of this approach.
Collapse
|
22
|
Gruber KA, Ji RL, Gallazzi F, Jiang S, Van Doren SR, Tao YX, Newton Northup J. Development of a Therapeutic Peptide for Cachexia Suggests a Platform Approach for Drug-like Peptides. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2022; 5:344-361. [PMID: 35592439 PMCID: PMC9112415 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.1c00270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
During the development of a melanocortin (MC) peptide drug to treat the condition of cachexia (a hypermetabolic state producing lean body mass wasting), we were confronted with the need for peptide transport across the blood-brain barrier (BBB): the MC-4 receptors (MC4Rs) for metabolic rate control are located in the hypothalamus, i.e., behind the BBB. Using the term "peptides with BBB transport", we screened the medical literature like a peptide library. This revealed numerous "hits"-peptides with BBB transport and/or oral activity. We noted several features common to most peptides in this class, including a dipeptide sequence of nonpolar residues, primary structure cyclization (whole or partial), and a Pro-aromatic motif usually within the cyclized region. Based on this, we designed an MC4R antagonist peptide, TCMCB07, that successfully treated many forms of cachexia. As part of our pharmacokinetic characterization of TCMCB07, we discovered that hepatobiliary extraction from blood accounted for a majority of the circulating peptide's excretion. Further screening of the literature revealed that TCMCB07 is a member of a long-forgotten peptide class, showing active transport by a multi-specific bile salt carrier. Bile salt transport peptides have predictable pharmacokinetics, including BBB transport, but rapid hepatic clearance inhibited their development as drugs. TCMCB07 shares the general characteristics of the bile salt peptide class but with a much longer half-life of hours, not minutes. A change in its C-terminal amino acid sequence slows hepatic clearance. This modification is transferable to other peptides in this class, suggesting a platform approach for producing drug-like peptides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth A Gruber
- John M. Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, and Department of Medical Pharmacology & Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States.,Tensive Controls, Inc., Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
| | - Ren-Lai Ji
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, Auburn University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn, Alabama 36849, United States
| | - Fabio Gallazzi
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Interaction Core, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
| | - Shaokai Jiang
- Department of Chemistry and NMR Core, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
| | - Steven R Van Doren
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States`
| | - Ya-Xiong Tao
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, Auburn University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn, Alabama 36849, United States
| | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
de Oliveira ECL, da Costa KS, Taube PS, Lima AH, Junior CDSDS. Biological Membrane-Penetrating Peptides: Computational Prediction and Applications. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:838259. [PMID: 35402305 PMCID: PMC8992797 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.838259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Peptides comprise a versatile class of biomolecules that present a unique chemical space with diverse physicochemical and structural properties. Some classes of peptides are able to naturally cross the biological membranes, such as cell membrane and blood-brain barrier (BBB). Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) and blood-brain barrier-penetrating peptides (B3PPs) have been explored by the biotechnological and pharmaceutical industries to develop new therapeutic molecules and carrier systems. The computational prediction of peptides’ penetration into biological membranes has been emerged as an interesting strategy due to their high throughput and low-cost screening of large chemical libraries. Structure- and sequence-based information of peptides, as well as atomistic biophysical models, have been explored in computer-assisted discovery strategies to classify and identify new structures with pharmacokinetic properties related to the translocation through biomembranes. Computational strategies to predict the permeability into biomembranes include cheminformatic filters, molecular dynamics simulations, artificial intelligence algorithms, and statistical models, and the choice of the most adequate method depends on the purposes of the computational investigation. Here, we exhibit and discuss some principles and applications of these computational methods widely used to predict the permeability of peptides into biomembranes, exhibiting some of their pharmaceutical and biotechnological applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ewerton Cristhian Lima de Oliveira
- Institute of Technology, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Kauê Santana da Costa, ; Ewerton Cristhian Lima de Oliveira,
| | - Kauê Santana da Costa
- Laboratory of Computational Simulation, Institute of Biodiversity, Federal University of Western Pará, Santarém, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Kauê Santana da Costa, ; Ewerton Cristhian Lima de Oliveira,
| | - Paulo Sérgio Taube
- Laboratory of Computational Simulation, Institute of Biodiversity, Federal University of Western Pará, Santarém, Brazil
| | - Anderson H. Lima
- Laboratório de Planejamento e Desenvolvimento de Fármacos, Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Naturais, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Mocanu CS, Niculaua M, Zbancioc G, Mangalagiu V, Drochioiu G. Novel Design of Neuropeptide-Based Drugs with β-Sheet Breaking Potential in Amyloid-Beta Cascade: Molecular and Structural Deciphers. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052857. [PMID: 35269999 PMCID: PMC8911100 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Our work discusses the investigation of 75 peptide-based drugs with the potential ability to break the β-sheet structures of amyloid-beta peptides from senile plaques. Hence, this study offers a unique insight into the design of neuropeptide-based drugs with β-sheet breaker potential in the amyloid-beta cascade for Alzheimer’s disease (AD). We started with five peptides (15QKLVFF20, 16KLVFF20, 17LVFF20, 16KLVF19 and 15QKLV18), to which 14 different organic acids were attached at the N-terminal. It was necessary to evaluate the physiochemical features of these sequences due to the biological correlation with our proposal. Hence, the preliminary analysis of different pharmacological features provided the necessary data to select the peptides with the best biocompatibility for administration purposes. Our approaches demonstrated that the peptides 17LVFF20, NA-17LVFF20, 16KLVF19 and NA-16KLVF19 (NA-nicotinic acid) have the ability to interfere with fibril formation and hence improve the neuro and cognitive functions. Moreover, the peptide conjugate NA-16KLVF19 possesses attractive pharmacological properties, demonstrated by in silico and in vitro studies. Tandem mass spectrometry showed no fragmentation for the spectra of 16KLVF19. Such important results suggest that under the action of protease, the peptide cleavage does not occur at all. Additionally, circular dichroism confirmed docking simulations and showed that NA-16KLVF19 may improve the β-sheet breaker mechanism, and thus the entanglement process of amyloid-beta peptides can be more effective.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cosmin Stefan Mocanu
- Faculty of Chemistry, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, 11 Carol I Bd., 700506 Iasi, Romania; (C.S.M.); (G.Z.)
| | - Marius Niculaua
- Research Centre for Oenology Iași, Romanian Academy Iași Branch, 8 Carol I, 700505 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Gheorghita Zbancioc
- Faculty of Chemistry, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, 11 Carol I Bd., 700506 Iasi, Romania; (C.S.M.); (G.Z.)
| | - Violeta Mangalagiu
- Department of Exact and Natural Sciences–CERNESIM Center, Institute of Interdisciplinary Research, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, 11 Carol I Bd., 700506 Iasi, Romania;
- Faculty of Food Engineering, Stefan cel Mare University of Suceava, 13 Universitatii Str., 720229 Suceava, Romania
| | - Gabi Drochioiu
- Faculty of Chemistry, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, 11 Carol I Bd., 700506 Iasi, Romania; (C.S.M.); (G.Z.)
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Ahmed S, Pande AH, Sharma SS. Therapeutic potential of ApoE-mimetic peptides in CNS disorders: Current perspective. Exp Neurol 2022; 353:114051. [DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2022.114051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
26
|
Kiran P, Debnath SK, Neekhra S, Pawar V, Khan A, Dias F, Pallod S, Srivastava R. Designing nanoformulation for the nose-to-brain delivery in Parkinson's disease: Advancements and barrier. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 14:e1768. [PMID: 34825510 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD), a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons, which results in the loss of motor activity. In the management of PD, the primary aim is to increase the dopamine content in the brain either by delivering the precursors of dopamine or by inhibiting the molecules responsible for dopamine degradation. Due to the low bioavailability, a higher dosage of drugs needs to be administered repeatedly for achieving the desired therapeutic effect. This repeated high dose not only increases the severe side effects but also produces tolerance in the body. Often, direct administration of drugs fails to ameliorate the symptoms as the unmodified drugs cannot cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Nanotherapeutic is at the forefront of the alternative treatment against the central nervous system (CNS) disorders due to the ability to circumvents the BBB. Here, all the available treatments for PD have been discussed with their limitation. The current trends of nanotherapeutics for PD have been explored. Suitability and formulation prospects for nasal delivery have been analyzed in detail to explore new research scope. The most effective approach is the nose-to-brain delivery for targeting drugs directly to the brain. This delivery bypasses the BBB and concentrates more drugs at the target site. Thus, developments of nose-to-brain delivery of nanoformulations explicit the new scope to manage PD better. This article is categorized under: Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Emerging Technologies Nanotechnology Approaches to Biology > Nanoscale Systems in Biology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pallavi Kiran
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
| | - Sujit Kumar Debnath
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
| | - Suditi Neekhra
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
| | - Vaishali Pawar
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
| | - Amreen Khan
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
- Centre for Research in Nanotechnology and Science, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
| | - Faith Dias
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
| | - Shubham Pallod
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
| | - Rohit Srivastava
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Balmforth MR, Haigh J, Kumar V, Dai W, Tiede C, Tomlinson DC, Deuchars J, Webb ME, Turnbull WB. Piggybacking on the Cholera Toxin: Identification of a CTB-Binding Protein as an Approach for Targeted Delivery of Proteins to Motor Neurons. Bioconjug Chem 2021; 32:2205-2212. [PMID: 34565149 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.1c00373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A significant unmet need exists for the delivery of biologic drugs such as polypeptides or nucleic acids to the central nervous system for the treatment and understanding of neurodegenerative diseases. Naturally occurring bacterial toxins have been considered as tools to meet this need. However, due to the complexity of tethering macromolecular drugs to toxins and the inherent dangers of working with large quantities of recombinant toxins, no such route has been successfully exploited. Developing a method where a bacterial toxin's nontoxic targeting subunit can be assembled with a drug immediately prior to in vivo administration has the potential to circumvent some of these issues. Using a phage-display screen, we identified two antibody mimetics, anticholera toxin Affimer (ACTA)-A2 and ACTA-C6 that noncovalently associate with the nonbinding face of the cholera toxin B-subunit. In a first step toward the development of a nonviral motor neuron drug-delivery vehicle, we show that Affimers can be selectively delivered to motor neurons in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R Balmforth
- School of Chemistry, School of Biomedical Sciences and Astbury Centre for Structural and Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K
| | - Jessica Haigh
- School of Chemistry, School of Biomedical Sciences and Astbury Centre for Structural and Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K
| | - Vajinder Kumar
- School of Chemistry and Astbury Centre for Structural and Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K
- Akal University, Talwandi Sabo, Punjab 151302, India
| | - Wenyue Dai
- School of Chemistry and Astbury Centre for Structural and Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K
| | - Christian Tiede
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, and Astbury Centre for Structural and Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K
| | - Darren C Tomlinson
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, and Astbury Centre for Structural and Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K
| | - Jim Deuchars
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K
| | - Michael E Webb
- School of Chemistry and Astbury Centre for Structural and Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K
| | - W Bruce Turnbull
- School of Chemistry and Astbury Centre for Structural and Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Gaddam M, Singh A, Jain N, Avanthika C, Jhaveri S, De la Hoz I, Sanka S, Goli SR. A Comprehensive Review of Intranasal Insulin and Its Effect on the Cognitive Function of Diabetics. Cureus 2021; 13:e17219. [PMID: 34540446 PMCID: PMC8442633 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.17219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus continues to be a disease that affects a good percentage of our population. The majority affected need insulin on a day-to-day basis. Before the invention of the first manufactured insulin in 1978, dealing with diabetes took a significant toll on patient's lives. As technology and human innovation prevail, significant advancements have taken place in managing this chronic disease. Patients have an option to decide their mode of insulin delivery. Intranasal insulin, one such form, has a rapid mode of action while effectively controlling postprandial hyperglycemia. It has also been proven to reduce hypoglycemia and insulin resistance problems, which seem to be the main adverse effects of using conventional insulin regularly. However, due to the large dosages needed and high incurring costs, Intranasal Insulin is currently being used as adjunctive therapy along with conventional insulin. We conducted a literature search in PubMed indexed journals using the medical terms "Intranasal insulin," "diabetes," and "cognitive impairment" to provide an overview of the mechanism of action of Intranasal Insulin, its distinctive cognitive benefits, and how it can be compared to the standard parenteral insulin therapy. One unique feature of intranasal insulin is its ability to directly affect the central nervous system, bypassing the blood-brain barrier. Not only does this help in reducing the peripheral side effects of insulin, but it has also proven to play a role in improving the cognitive function of diabetics, especially those who have Alzheimer's or mild cognitive impairment, as decreased levels of insulin in the brain has been shown to impact cognitive function negatively. However, it does come with its limitations of poor absorption through the nasal mucosa due to mucociliary clearance and proteolytic enzymes, our body's natural defence mechanisms. This review focuses on the efficacy of intranasal insulin, its potential benefits, limitations, and role in cognitive improvement in people with diabetes with pre-existing cognitive impairment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nidhi Jain
- Internal Medicine, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, IND
| | | | - Sharan Jhaveri
- Internal Medicine, Smt. Nathiba Hargovandas Lakhmichand Municipal Medical College, Ahmedabad, IND
| | | | - Sujana Sanka
- Internal Medicine, JC Medical Center, Orlando, USA
| | - Sri Rupa Goli
- Internal Medicine, Shri Sathya Sai Medical College and Research Institute, Chennai, IND
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Borbolla-Jiménez FV, Del Prado-Audelo ML, Cisneros B, Caballero-Florán IH, Leyva-Gómez G, Magaña JJ. New Perspectives of Gene Therapy on Polyglutamine Spinocerebellar Ataxias: From Molecular Targets to Novel Nanovectors. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:1018. [PMID: 34371710 PMCID: PMC8309146 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13071018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Seven of the most frequent spinocerebellar ataxias (SCAs) are caused by a pathological expansion of a cytosine, adenine and guanine (CAG) trinucleotide repeat located in exonic regions of unrelated genes, which in turn leads to the synthesis of polyglutamine (polyQ) proteins. PolyQ proteins are prone to aggregate and form intracellular inclusions, which alter diverse cellular pathways, including transcriptional regulation, protein clearance, calcium homeostasis and apoptosis, ultimately leading to neurodegeneration. At present, treatment for SCAs is limited to symptomatic intervention, and there is no therapeutic approach to prevent or reverse disease progression. This review provides a compilation of the experimental advances obtained in cell-based and animal models toward the development of gene therapy strategies against polyQ SCAs, providing a discussion of their potential application in clinical trials. In the second part, we describe the promising potential of nanotechnology developments to treat polyQ SCA diseases. We describe, in detail, how the design of nanoparticle (NP) systems with different physicochemical and functionalization characteristics has been approached, in order to determine their ability to evade the immune system response and to enhance brain delivery of molecular tools. In the final part of this review, the imminent application of NP-based strategies in clinical trials for the treatment of polyQ SCA diseases is discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabiola V. Borbolla-Jiménez
- Laboratorio de Medicina Genómica, Departamento de Genética, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación-Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra, Ciudad de México 14389, Mexico;
- Programa de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
| | - María Luisa Del Prado-Audelo
- Departamento de Bioingeniería, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Tecnológico de Monterrey Campus Ciudad de México, Ciudad de México 14380, Mexico;
| | - Bulmaro Cisneros
- Departamento de Genética y Biología Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV), Ciudad de México 07360, Mexico;
| | - Isaac H. Caballero-Florán
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico;
- Departamento de Farmacia, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV), Ciudad de México 07360, Mexico
| | - Gerardo Leyva-Gómez
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico;
| | - Jonathan J. Magaña
- Laboratorio de Medicina Genómica, Departamento de Genética, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación-Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra, Ciudad de México 14389, Mexico;
- Departamento de Bioingeniería, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Tecnológico de Monterrey Campus Ciudad de México, Ciudad de México 14380, Mexico;
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Sarkar T, Chetia M, Chatterjee S. Antimicrobial Peptides and Proteins: From Nature's Reservoir to the Laboratory and Beyond. Front Chem 2021; 9:691532. [PMID: 34222199 PMCID: PMC8249576 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.691532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Rapid rise of antimicrobial resistance against conventional antimicrobials, resurgence of multidrug resistant microbes and the slowdown in the development of new classes of antimicrobials, necessitates the urgent development of alternate classes of therapeutic molecules. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are small proteins present in different lifeforms in nature that provide defense against microbial infections. They have been effective components of the host defense system for a very long time. The fact that the development of resistance by the microbes against the AMPs is relatively slower or delayed compared to that against the conventional antibiotics, makes them prospective alternative therapeutics of the future. Several thousands of AMPs have been isolated from various natural sources like microorganisms, plants, insects, crustaceans, animals, humans, etc. to date. However, only a few of them have been translated commercially to the market so far. This is because of some inherent drawbacks of the naturally obtained AMPs like 1) short half-life owing to the susceptibility to protease degradation, 2) inactivity at physiological salt concentrations, 3) cytotoxicity to host cells, 4) lack of appropriate strategies for sustained and targeted delivery of the AMPs. This has led to a surge of interest in the development of synthetic AMPs which would retain or improve the antimicrobial potency along with circumventing the disadvantages of the natural analogs. The development of synthetic AMPs is inspired by natural designs and sequences and strengthened by the fusion with various synthetic elements. Generation of the synthetic designs are based on various strategies like sequence truncation, mutation, cyclization and introduction of unnatural amino acids and synthons. In this review, we have described some of the AMPs isolated from the vast repertoire of natural sources, and subsequently described the various synthetic designs that have been developed based on the templates of natural AMPs or from de novo design to make commercially viable therapeutics of the future. This review entails the journey of the AMPs from their natural sources to the laboratory.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sunanda Chatterjee
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, India
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Katona G, Sipos B, Budai-Szűcs M, Balogh GT, Veszelka S, Gróf I, Deli MA, Volk B, Szabó-Révész P, Csóka I. Development of In Situ Gelling Meloxicam-Human Serum Albumin Nanoparticle Formulation for Nose-to-Brain Application. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:646. [PMID: 34062873 PMCID: PMC8147280 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13050646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to develop an intranasal in situ thermo-gelling meloxicam-human serum albumin (MEL-HSA) nanoparticulate formulation applying poloxamer 407 (P407), which can be administered in liquid state into the nostril, and to increase the resistance of the formulation against mucociliary clearance by sol-gel transition on the nasal mucosa, as well as to improve drug absorption. Nanoparticle characterization showed that formulations containing 12-15% w/w P407 met the requirements of intranasal administration. The Z-average (in the range of 180-304 nm), the narrow polydispersity index (PdI, from 0.193 to 0.328), the zeta potential (between -9.4 and -7.0 mV) and the hypotonic osmolality (200-278 mOsmol/L) of MEL-HSA nanoparticles predict enhanced drug absorption through the nasal mucosa. Based on the rheological, muco-adhesion, drug release and permeability studies, the 14% w/w P407 containing formulation (MEL-HSA-P14%) was considered as the optimized formulation, which allows enhanced permeability of MEL through blood-brain barrier-specific lipid fraction. Cell line studies showed no cell damage after 1-h treatment with MEL-HSA-P14% on RPMI 2650 human endothelial cells' moreover, enhanced permeation (four-fold) of MEL from MEL-HSA-P14% was observed in comparison to pure MEL. Overall, MEL-HSA-P14% can be promising for overcoming the challenges of nasal drug delivery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gábor Katona
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Regulatory Affairs, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Szeged, Eötvös Str. 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (B.S.); (M.B.-S.); (P.S.-R.); (I.C.)
| | - Bence Sipos
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Regulatory Affairs, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Szeged, Eötvös Str. 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (B.S.); (M.B.-S.); (P.S.-R.); (I.C.)
| | - Mária Budai-Szűcs
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Regulatory Affairs, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Szeged, Eötvös Str. 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (B.S.); (M.B.-S.); (P.S.-R.); (I.C.)
| | - György Tibor Balogh
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Szeged, Eötvös Str. 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary;
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Process Engineering, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Műegyetem Quay 3, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Szilvia Veszelka
- Biological Research Centre, Institute of Biophysics, Temesvári Blvd. 62, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary; (S.V.); (I.G.); (M.A.D.)
| | - Ilona Gróf
- Biological Research Centre, Institute of Biophysics, Temesvári Blvd. 62, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary; (S.V.); (I.G.); (M.A.D.)
| | - Mária A. Deli
- Biological Research Centre, Institute of Biophysics, Temesvári Blvd. 62, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary; (S.V.); (I.G.); (M.A.D.)
| | - Balázs Volk
- Egis Pharmaceuticals Plc., Keresztúri Str. 30–38, H-1106 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Piroska Szabó-Révész
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Regulatory Affairs, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Szeged, Eötvös Str. 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (B.S.); (M.B.-S.); (P.S.-R.); (I.C.)
| | - Ildikó Csóka
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Regulatory Affairs, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Szeged, Eötvös Str. 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (B.S.); (M.B.-S.); (P.S.-R.); (I.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Abstract
Since the introduction of insulin almost a century ago, more than 80 peptide drugs have reached the market for a wide range of diseases, including diabetes, cancer, osteoporosis, multiple sclerosis, HIV infection and chronic pain. In this Perspective, we summarize key trends in peptide drug discovery and development, covering the early efforts focused on human hormones, elegant medicinal chemistry and rational design strategies, peptide drugs derived from nature, and major breakthroughs in molecular biology and peptide chemistry that continue to advance the field. We emphasize lessons from earlier approaches that are still relevant today as well as emerging strategies such as integrated venomics and peptide-display libraries that create new avenues for peptide drug discovery. We also discuss the pharmaceutical landscape in which peptide drugs could be particularly valuable and analyse the challenges that need to be addressed for them to reach their full potential.
Collapse
|
33
|
Kordbacheh S, Kasko AM. Peptide and protein engineering by modification of backbone and sidechain functional groups. POLYM INT 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.6208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shadi Kordbacheh
- Department of Bioengineering University of California Los Angeles CA USA
| | - Andrea M Kasko
- Department of Bioengineering University of California Los Angeles CA USA
- California Nanosystems Institute Los Angeles CA USA
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Siwy CM, Delfing BM, Lockhart C, Smith AK, Klimov DK. Partitioning of Aβ Peptide Fragments into Blood-Brain Barrier Mimetic Bilayer. J Phys Chem B 2021; 125:2658-2676. [PMID: 33656350 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c11253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We used all-atom replica-exchange umbrella sampling molecular dynamics simulations to investigate the partitioning of the charged tetrapeptide KLVF and its neutral apolar counterpart VVIA into the blood-brain barrier (BBB)-mimetic bilayer. Our findings allowed us to reconstruct the partitioning mechanism for these two Aβ peptide fragments. Despite dissimilar sequences, their permeation shares significant common features. Computations of free energies and permeabilities show that partitioning of both peptides is highly unfavorable, ruling out passive transport. The peptides experience multiple rotational transitions within the bilayer and typically cause considerable lipid disorder and bilayer thinning. Near the bilayer midplane, they lose almost entirely their solvation shell and the interactions with the lipid headgroups. The peptides cause complex reorganization within the proximal bilayer region. Upon insertion, they induce striking cholesterol influx reversed by its depletion and the influx of DMPC when the peptides reach the midplane. The differences in partitioning mechanisms are due to the much higher polarity of KLVF peptide, the permeation of which is more unfavorable and which exclusively assumes vertical orientations within the bilayer. In contrast, VVIA positions itself flat between the leaflets, causing minor disorder and even thickening of the BBB-mimetic bilayer. Due to the high density of the cholesterol-rich BBB bilayer, the unfavorable work associated with the peptide insertion provides a significant, but not dominant, contribution to the partition free energy, which is still governed by dehydration and loss of peptide-headgroup interactions. Comparison with experiments indicates that KLVF and VVIA permeation is similar to that of proline tetrapeptide, mannitol, or cimetidine, all of which exhibit no passive transport.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M Siwy
- School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, Virginia 20110, United States
| | - Bryan M Delfing
- School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, Virginia 20110, United States
| | - Christopher Lockhart
- School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, Virginia 20110, United States
| | - Amy K Smith
- School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, Virginia 20110, United States
| | - Dmitri K Klimov
- School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, Virginia 20110, United States
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Park KW, Wood CA, Li J, Taylor BC, Oh S, Young NL, Jankowsky JL. Gene therapy using Aβ variants for amyloid reduction. Mol Ther 2021; 29:2294-2307. [PMID: 33647457 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2021.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous aggregation inhibitors have been developed with the goal of blocking or reversing toxic amyloid formation in vivo. Previous studies have used short peptide inhibitors targeting different amyloid β (Aβ) amyloidogenic regions to prevent aggregation. Despite the specificity that can be achieved by peptide inhibitors, translation of these strategies has been thwarted by two key obstacles: rapid proteolytic degradation in the bloodstream and poor transfer across the blood-brain barrier. To circumvent these problems, we have created a minigene to express full-length Aβ variants in the mouse brain. We identify two variants, F20P and F19D/L34P, that display four key properties required for therapeutic use: neither peptide aggregates on its own, both inhibit aggregation of wild-type Aβ in vitro, promote disassembly of pre-formed fibrils, and diminish toxicity of Aβ oligomers. We used intraventricular injection of adeno-associated virus (AAV) to express each variant in APP/PS1 transgenic mice. Lifelong expression of F20P, but not F19D/L34P, diminished Aβ levels, plaque burden, and plaque-associated neuroinflammation. Our findings suggest that AAV delivery of Aβ variants may offer a novel therapeutic strategy for Alzheimer's disease. More broadly our work offers a framework for identifying and delivering peptide inhibitors tailored to other protein-misfolding diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Won Park
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Caleb A Wood
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Bethany C Taylor
- Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - SaeWoong Oh
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon City, 16419 GyunggiDo, Republic of Korea
| | - Nicolas L Young
- Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Joanna L Jankowsky
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Neurology, and Neurosurgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Lopes KS, Quintanilha MVT, de Souza ACB, Zamudio-Zuñiga F, Possani LD, Mortari MR. Antiseizure potential of peptides from the venom of social wasp Chartergellus communis against chemically-induced seizures. Toxicon 2021; 194:23-36. [PMID: 33610635 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2021.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Epilepsy is one of the most common neurological diseases in the world. The objective of this research was to investigate a new peptide from the venom of the social wasp Chartergellus communis useful to the study or pharmacotherapy of epilepsy. The wasps were collected, and their venom was extracted. Afterward, the steps of fractionation, sequencing, and identification were carried out to obtain four peptides. These molecules were synthesized for behavioral evaluation tests and electroencephalographic assays to determine their antiseizure potential (induction of acute seizures using the chemical compounds, pentylenetetrazole - PTZ, and pilocarpine - PILO) and analysis of neuropharmacological profile (general spontaneous activity and alteration in motor coordination). Chartergellus-CP1 (i.c.v. - 3.0 μg/animal) caused beneficial alterations in some of the parameters evaluated in both models: PTZ (latency and duration of maximum seizures) and PILO (latency and duration of, and protection against, maximum seizures, and reduction of the median of the seizure scores. When evaluated in 3 doses in the seizure model induced by PILO, the dose of 3.0 μg/animal protected the animals against seizures, with an estimated ED50 of 1.49 μg/animal. Electroencephalographic evaluation of Chartergellus-CP1 showed an improvement in latency, quantity, and percentage of protection against generalized electroencephalographic seizures in the PILO model. Further, Chartergellus-CP1 did not cause adverse effects on general spontaneous activity and motor coordination of animals. This study demonstrated how compounds isolated from wasps' venom may be important resources in the search for new drugs. Such compounds can be considered valuable therapeutic and biotechnological tools for the study and future treatment of epileptic disorders. In this context, a peptide that is potentially useful for epilepsy pharmacotherapy was identified in the venom of C. communis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kamila Soares Lopes
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | | | | | - Fernando Zamudio-Zuñiga
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Bioprocesses, Institute of Biotechnology, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Lourival Domingos Possani
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Bioprocesses, Institute of Biotechnology, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Márcia Renata Mortari
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Abstract
![]()
Developing
drugs for the central nervous system (CNS) requires
fine chemical modifications, as a strict balance between size and
lipophilicity is necessary to improve the permeability through the
blood-brain barrier (BBB).
In this context, morpholine and its analogues represent valuable heterocycles,
due to their conformational and physicochemical properties. In fact,
the presence of a weak basic nitrogen atom and of an oxygen atom at
the opposite position provides a peculiar pKa value and a flexible conformation to the ring, thus allowing
it to take part in several lipophilic–hydrophilic interactions,
and to improve blood solubility and brain permeability of the overall
structure. In CNS-active compounds, morpholines are used (1) to enhance
the potency through molecular interactions, (2) to act as a scaffold
directing the appendages in the correct position, and (3) to modulate
pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) properties. In this perspective,
selected morpholine-containing CNS drug candidates are discussed to
reveal the active pharmacophores accountable for the (1) modulation
of receptors involved in mood disorders and pain, (2) bioactivity
toward enzymes and receptors responsible for neurodegenerative diseases,
and (3) inhibition of enzymes involved in the pathology of CNS tumors.
The medicinal chemistry/pharmacological activity of morpholine derivatives
is discussed, in the effort to highlight the importance of morpholine
ring interactions in the active site of different targets, particularly
reporting binding features retrieved from PDB data, when available.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Lenci
- Department of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”, University of Florence, via della Lastruccia 13, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Calugi
- Department of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”, University of Florence, via della Lastruccia 13, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Andrea Trabocchi
- Department of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”, University of Florence, via della Lastruccia 13, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Froelich A, Osmałek T, Jadach B, Puri V, Michniak-Kohn B. Microemulsion-Based Media in Nose-to-Brain Drug Delivery. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:201. [PMID: 33540856 PMCID: PMC7912993 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13020201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nose-to-brain drug delivery has recently attracted enormous attention as an alternative to other delivery routes, including the most popular oral one. Due to the unique anatomical features of the nasal cavity, drugs administered intranasally can be delivered directly to the central nervous system. The most important advantage of this approach is the ability to avoid the blood-brain barrier surrounding the brain and blocking the entry of exogenous substances to the central nervous system. Moreover, selective brain targeting could possibly avoid peripheral side effects of pharmacotherapy. The challenges associated with nose-to-brain drug delivery are mostly due to the small volume of the nasal cavity and insufficient drug absorption from nasal mucosa. These issues could be minimized by using a properly designed drug carrier. Microemulsions as potential drug delivery systems offer good solubilizing properties and the ability to enhance drug permeation through biological membranes. The aim of this review is to summarize the current status of the research focused on microemulsion-based systems for nose-to-brain delivery with special attention to the most extensively investigated neurological and psychiatric conditions, such as neurodegenerative diseases, epilepsy, and schizophrenia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Froelich
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 6 Grunwaldzka Street, 60-780 Poznań, Poland; (T.O.); (B.J.)
| | - Tomasz Osmałek
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 6 Grunwaldzka Street, 60-780 Poznań, Poland; (T.O.); (B.J.)
| | - Barbara Jadach
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 6 Grunwaldzka Street, 60-780 Poznań, Poland; (T.O.); (B.J.)
| | - Vinam Puri
- Center for Dermal Research and Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA; (V.P.); (B.M.-K.)
| | - Bozena Michniak-Kohn
- Center for Dermal Research and Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA; (V.P.); (B.M.-K.)
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Zhou X, Smith QR, Liu X. Brain penetrating peptides and peptide-drug conjugates to overcome the blood-brain barrier and target CNS diseases. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 13:e1695. [PMID: 33470550 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Nearly one in six people worldwide suffer from disorders of the central nervous system (CNS). There is an urgent need for effective strategies to improve the success rates in CNS drug discovery and development. The lack of effective technologies for delivering drugs and genes to the brain due to the blood-brain barrier (BBB), a structural barrier that effectively blocks most neurotherapeutic agents from reaching the brain, has posed a formidable hurdle for CNS drug development. Brain-homing and brain-penetrating molecular transport vectors, such as brain permeable peptides or BBB shuttle peptides, have shown promise in overcoming the BBB and ferrying the drug molecules to the brain. The BBB shuttle peptides are discovered by phage display technology or derived from natural neurotropic proteins or certain viruses and harness the receptor-mediated transcytosis molecular machinery for crossing the BBB. Brain permeable peptide-drug conjugates (PDCs), composed of BBB shuttle peptides, linkers, and drug molecules, have emerged as a promising CNS drug delivery system by taking advantage of the endogenous transcytosis mechanism and tricking the brain into allowing these bioactive molecules to pass the BBB. Here, we examine the latest development of brain-penetrating peptide shuttles and brain-permeable PDCs as molecular vectors to deliver small molecule drug payloads across the BBB to reach brain parenchyma. Emerging knowledge of the contribution of the peptides and their specific receptors expressed on the brain endothelial cells, choice of drug payloads, the design of PDCs, brain entry mechanisms, and delivery efficiency to the brain are highlighted. This article is categorized under: Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Emerging Technologies Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Neurological Disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xue Zhou
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Quentin R Smith
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, Texas, USA
| | - Xinli Liu
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
WANG KAI, ZHANG FENGTIAN, WEN CHANGLONG, HUANG ZHIHUA, HU ZHIHAO, ZHANG YUWEN, HU FUQIANG, WEN LIJUAN. Regulation of pathological blood-brain barrier for intracranial enhanced drug delivery and anti-glioblastoma therapeutics. Oncol Res 2021. [DOI: 10.32604/or.2022.025696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
|
41
|
Bioinspired Bola-Type Peptide Dendrimers Inhibit Proliferation and Invasiveness of Glioblastoma Cells in a Manner Dependent on Their Structure and Amphipathic Properties. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12111106. [PMID: 33217976 PMCID: PMC7698760 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12111106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Natural peptides supporting the innate immune system studied at the functional and mechanistic level are a rich source of innovative compounds for application in human therapy. Increasing evidence indicates that apart from antimicrobial activity, some of them exhibit selective cytotoxicity towards tumor cells. Their cationic, amphipathic structure enables interactions with the negatively-charged membranes of microbial or malignant cells. It can be modeled in 3D by application of dendrimer chemistry. (2) Methods: Here we presented design principles, synthesis and bioactivity of branched peptides constructed from ornithine (Orn) assembled as proline (Pro)- or histidine (His)-rich dendrons and dendrimers of the bola structure. The impact of the structure and amphipathic properties of dendrons/dendrimers on two glioblastoma cell lines U87 and T98G was studied with the application of proliferation, apoptosis and cell migration assays. Cell morphology/cytoskeleton architecture was visualized by immunofluorescence microscopy. (3) Results: Dimerization of dendrons into bola dendrimers enhanced their bioactivity. Pro- and His-functionalized bola dendrimers displayed cytostatic activity, even though differences in the responsiveness of U87 and T98G cells to these compounds indicate that their bioactivity depends not only on multiple positive charge and amphipathic structure but also on cellular phenotype. (4) Conclusion: Ornithine dendrons/dendrimers represent a group of promising anti-tumor agents and the potential tools to study interrelations between drug bioactivity, its chemical properties and tumor cells' phenotype.
Collapse
|
42
|
Preformulation Studies of a Stable PTEN-PDZ Lipopeptide Able to Cross an In Vitro Blood-Brain-Barrier Model as a Potential Therapy for Alzheimer's Disease. Pharm Res 2020; 37:183. [PMID: 32888078 PMCID: PMC7473970 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-020-02915-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Amyloid β (Aβ) drives the accumulation of excess Phosphatase and Tensin Homolog Deleted on Chromosome 10 (PTEN) at synapses, inducing synaptic depression and perturbing memory. This recruitment of PTEN to synapses in response to Aβ drives its interaction with PSD95/Disc large/Zonula occludens-1 (PDZ) proteins and, indeed, we previously showed that an oligo lipopeptide (PTEN-PDZ) capable of blocking such PTEN:PDZ interactions rescues the synaptic and cognitive deficits in a mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease. Hence, the PTEN:PDZ interaction appears to be crucial for Aβ-induced synaptic and cognitive impairment. Here we have evaluated the feasibility of using PTEN-PDZ lipopeptides based on the human/mouse PTEN C-terminal sequence, testing their stability in biological fluids, their cytotoxicity, their ability to self-assemble and their in vitro blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability. Myristoyl or Lauryl tails were added to the peptides to enhance their cell permeability. Methods Lipopeptides self assembly was assessed using electron microscopy and the thioflavin T assay. Stability studies in mouse plasma (50%), intestinal washing, brain and liver homogenates as well as permeability studies across an all human 2D blood-brain barrier model prepared with human cerebral endothelial cells (hCMEC/D3) and human astrocytes (SC-1800) were undertaken. Results The mouse lauryl peptide displayed enhanced overall stability in plasma, ensuring a longer half-life in circulation that meant there were larger amounts available for transport across the BBB (Papp0-4h: 6.28 ± 1.85 × 10−6 cm s−1). Conclusion This increased availability, coupled to adequate BBB permeability, makes this peptide a good candidate for therapeutic parenteral (intravenous, intramuscular) administration and nose-to-brain delivery. Graphical Abstract![]()
Collapse
|
43
|
Tamil Selvan S, Padmanabhan P, Zoltán Gulyás B. Nanotechnology-Based Diagnostics and Therapy for Pathogen-Related Infections in the CNS. ACS Chem Neurosci 2020; 11:2371-2377. [PMID: 31726008 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.9b00470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The central nervous system (CNS) encompasses the brain, spinal cord, and nerves, where both brain and spinal cord are safeguarded by the meninges. However, serious bacterial, viral, or fungal infection in the brain causes life-threatening diseases such as meningitis. Engineered nanostructures hold great promise for not only in the diagnosis but also for combating microbial drug resistance owing to their high surface area and innate antibacterial activity. We delineate several nanoparticle-based approaches to enhance the CNS delivery of drugs across the blood-brain barrier (BBB). While pathogens invade the CNS by phagocytosis or receptor (e.g., EphA2)-mediated transcytosis, most of the nanoparticles cross the BBB via receptor-mediated transcytosis (e.g., antibody, peptide, protein). We also provide our perspectives on the diagnostic pathways based on nanotechnology for the detection of pathogens in the brain, thereby opening up new therapeutic avenues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Subramanian Tamil Selvan
- Translational Neuroscience Laboratory, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 59 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 636921
| | - Parasuraman Padmanabhan
- Translational Neuroscience Laboratory, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 59 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 636921
| | - Balázs Zoltán Gulyás
- Translational Neuroscience Laboratory, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 59 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 636921
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Sipos B, Szabó-Révész P, Csóka I, Pallagi E, Dobó DG, Bélteky P, Kónya Z, Deák Á, Janovák L, Katona G. Quality by Design Based Formulation Study of Meloxicam-Loaded Polymeric Micelles for Intranasal Administration. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12080697. [PMID: 32722099 PMCID: PMC7464185 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12080697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Our study aimed to develop an “ex tempore” reconstitutable, viscosity enhancer- and preservative-free meloxicam (MEL)-loaded polymeric micelle formulation, via Quality by Design (QbD) approach, exploiting the nose-to-brain pathway, as a suitable tool in the treatment of neuroinflammation. The anti-neuroinflammatory effect of nose-to-brain NSAID polymeric micelles was not studied previously, therefore its investigation is promising. Critical product parameters, encapsulation efficiency (89.4%), Z-average (101.22 ± 2.8 nm) and polydispersity index (0.149 ± 0.7) and zeta potential (−25.2 ± 0.4 mV) met the requirements of the intranasal drug delivery system (nanoDDS) and the targeted profile liquid formulation was transformed into a solid preservative-free product by freeze-drying. The viscosity (32.5 ± 0.28 mPas) and hypotonic osmolality (240 mOsmol/L) of the reconstituted formulation provides proper and enhanced absorption and probably guarantees the administration of the liquid dosage form (nasal drop and spray). The developed formulation resulted in more than 20 times faster MEL dissolution rate and five-fold higher nasal permeability compared to starting MEL. The prediction of IVIVC confirmed the great potential for in vivo brain distribution of MEL. The nose-to-brain delivery of NSAIDs such as MEL by means of nanoDDS as polymeric micelles offers an innovative opportunity to treat neuroinflammation more effectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bence Sipos
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Regulatory Affairs, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (B.S.); (P.S.-R.); (I.C.); (E.P.); (D.G.D.)
| | - Piroska Szabó-Révész
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Regulatory Affairs, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (B.S.); (P.S.-R.); (I.C.); (E.P.); (D.G.D.)
| | - Ildikó Csóka
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Regulatory Affairs, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (B.S.); (P.S.-R.); (I.C.); (E.P.); (D.G.D.)
| | - Edina Pallagi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Regulatory Affairs, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (B.S.); (P.S.-R.); (I.C.); (E.P.); (D.G.D.)
| | - Dorina Gabriella Dobó
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Regulatory Affairs, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (B.S.); (P.S.-R.); (I.C.); (E.P.); (D.G.D.)
| | - Péter Bélteky
- Faculty of Science and Informatics, Department of Applied & Environmental Chemistry, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (P.B.); (Z.K.)
| | - Zoltán Kónya
- Faculty of Science and Informatics, Department of Applied & Environmental Chemistry, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (P.B.); (Z.K.)
| | - Ágota Deák
- Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre, Department of Physical Chemistry and Materials Science, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (Á.D.); (L.J.)
| | - László Janovák
- Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre, Department of Physical Chemistry and Materials Science, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (Á.D.); (L.J.)
| | - Gábor Katona
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Regulatory Affairs, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (B.S.); (P.S.-R.); (I.C.); (E.P.); (D.G.D.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +36-62-545-575
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Vimal SK, Zuo H, Wang Z, Wang H, Long Z, Bhattacharyya S. Self-Therapeutic Nanoparticle That Alters Tau Protein and Ameliorates Tauopathy Toward a Functional Nanomedicine to Tackle Alzheimer's. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2020; 16:e1906861. [PMID: 32191383 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201906861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Tauopathy is a complex disorder associated at the junction of several other pathologies. Intrinsically disordered tau protein remains therapeutically challenging due to its undruggable nature and is a possible reason for monumental failure of several tau-based therapies. Herein, nanogold remodeled tau is reported as a pseudo-nanochaperon and shows therapeutic benefit by passive targeting in transgenic tau P301L mutant mice. Treatment with nanogold polyethylene glycol (Au-PEG) conjugate moderately improves the learning ability of the tau P301L mice that corroborates with diminished phosphorylated tau burden. Circulating total tau level that acts in a prion fashion is significantly reduced upon Au-PEG treatment. Similarly, a high level of tau is found in macaque monkey serum and Au-PEG inhibits amyloidosis of Alzheimer's patients and primate's serum samples ex vivo. Addtionally, brain MRI of an old aged macaque monkey shows the decrease of grey matter, which correlates with mutual loss of grey matter upon progressive dementia as reported. Au-PEG tunes tau and other circulating pro-dementia factors that are present in human AD serum, by remodeling the protein and repairing aberrant proteostasis. Alteration of proteotoxic tau function by nanogold as a kinetic stablizer holds translational potential to combat socially challenging dementia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Kumar Vimal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, P. R. China
| | - Hua Zuo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, P. R. China
| | - Zhengwu Wang
- Sichuan Hengshu Bio-tech Co.LTD, Tanqiao Group, Xinlian Village, Xijie Town, Yibin City, 644600, P. R. China
| | - Hongrun Wang
- Sichuan Hengshu Bio-tech Co.LTD, Tanqiao Group, Xinlian Village, Xijie Town, Yibin City, 644600, P. R. China
| | - Zhiliang Long
- Sleep and Neuroimaging Center, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, P. R. China
| | - Sanjib Bhattacharyya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Bostanudin MF, Lalatsa A, Górecki DC, Barbu E. Engineering butylglyceryl-modified polysaccharides towards nanomedicines for brain drug delivery. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 236:116060. [PMID: 32172875 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Colloidal systems prepared from carbohydrates are subject of intense research due to their potential to enhance drug permeability through biological membranes, however their characteristics and performance are never compared directly. Here we report the results of a comparative investigation of a series of butylglyceryl-modified polysaccharides (chitosan, guar gum, and pullulan) that were formulated into nanoparticles and loaded with a range of model actives (Doxorubicin, Rhodamine B, Angiotensin II). Butylglyceryl-modified guar gum and corresponding pullulan nanocarriers were more stable at physiological pH compared to those obtained from modified chitosan, and studies of the in-vitro interactions with mouse brain endothelial cells (bEnd3) indicated an increased biological membrane permeability and lack of toxicity at application-relevant concentrations. No significant haemolytic effect was observed, and confocal microscopy and flow cytometry studies confirmed the efficient cellular uptake and cytoplasmic localisation of NPs. Most promising characteristics for brain drug delivery applications were demonstrated by butylglyceryl pullulan nanocarriers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad F Bostanudin
- College of Pharmacy, Al Ain University, Abu Dhabi 112612, United Arab Emirates; School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, St Michael's Building, White Swan Road, PO1 2DT, United Kingdom
| | - Aikaterini Lalatsa
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, St Michael's Building, White Swan Road, PO1 2DT, United Kingdom
| | - Dariusz C Górecki
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, St Michael's Building, White Swan Road, PO1 2DT, United Kingdom
| | - Eugen Barbu
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, St Michael's Building, White Swan Road, PO1 2DT, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Chung K, Ullah I, Kim N, Lim J, Shin J, Lee SC, Jeon S, Kim SH, Kumar P, Lee SK. Intranasal delivery of cancer-targeting doxorubicin-loaded PLGA nanoparticles arrests glioblastoma growth. J Drug Target 2020; 28:617-626. [PMID: 31852284 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2019.1706095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most aggressive form of brain tumour and treatment is very challenging. Despite the recent advances in drug delivery systems, various approaches that allow sufficient deposition of anti-cancer drugs within the brain remain unsuccessful due to limited drug delivery throughout the brain. In this study, we utilised an intranasal (IN) approach to allow delivery of anti-cancer drug, encapsulated in PLGA nanoparticles (NPs). PLGA NPs were modified with the RGD ligand to enable Avβ3 expressing tumour-specific delivery. IN delivery of RGD-conjugated-doxorubicin (DOX)-loaded-PLGA-nanoparticles (RGD-DOX-NP) showed cancer-specific delivery of NP and inhibition of brain tumour growth compared to the free-DOX or non-modified DOX-NP in the C6-implanted GBM model. Further, IN treatment with RGD-DOX-NP induces apoptosis in the tumour region without affecting normal brain cells. Our study provides therapeutic evidence to treat GBM using a non-invasive IN approach, which may further be translated to other brain-associated diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kunho Chung
- Department of Bioengineering and Institute of Nanoscience and Technology, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Irfan Ullah
- Department of Bioengineering and Institute of Nanoscience and Technology, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Nahyeon Kim
- Department of Bioengineering and Institute of Nanoscience and Technology, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea.,Samsung Bioepis, Incheon, Korea
| | - Jaeyeoung Lim
- Department of Bioengineering and Institute of Nanoscience and Technology, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea.,Celltrion, Incheon, Korea
| | - Jungah Shin
- Department of Bioengineering and Institute of Nanoscience and Technology, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea.,Chong Kun Dang Pharmaceutics, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sangah C Lee
- Department of Bioengineering and Institute of Nanoscience and Technology, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Health Services, Policy, and Practice, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Sangmin Jeon
- Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sun Hwa Kim
- Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Korea
| | - Priti Kumar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Sang-Kyung Lee
- Department of Bioengineering and Institute of Nanoscience and Technology, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Kuipers A, Moll GN, Levy A, Krakovsky M, Franklin R. Cyclic angiotensin-(1-7) contributes to rehabilitation of animal performance in a rat model of cerebral stroke. Peptides 2020; 123:170193. [PMID: 31704212 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2019.170193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Peptidase-resistant, lanthionine-stabilized angiotensin-(1-7), termed cAng-(1-7), has shown therapeutic efficacy in animal models of cardiovascular, metabolic, kidney and pulmonary disease. Goal of the present study was testing the capacity of subcutaneously administered cAng-(1-7) to induce rehabilitation of animal performance in the transient middle cerebral artery occlusion rat model of cerebral stroke. 24 h after ischemic stroke induction, cAng-(1-7) was administered for 28 days at a dose of 500 μg/kg/day, either daily via subcutaneous injection or continuously via an alzet pump. Both ways of administration of cAng-(1-7) were equally effective. Measurements were continued until day 50. Compared to vehicle, cAng-(1-7) clearly demonstrated significantly increased capillary density (p < 0.01) in the affected hemisphere and improved motor and somatosensory functioning. The modified neurological severity score (p < 0.001 at days 15 and 50), stepping test (p < 0.001 at days 36-50), forelimb placement test (p < 0.001 at day 50), body swing test (p < 0.001 at days 43 and 50) all demonstrated that cAng-(1-7) caused significantly improved animal performance. Taken together the data convincingly indicate rehabilitating capacity of subcutaneously injected cAng-(1-7) in cerebral ischemic stroke.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anneke Kuipers
- Lanthio Pharma, a MorphoSys AG company, 9727 DL, Groningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Gert N Moll
- Lanthio Pharma, a MorphoSys AG company, 9727 DL, Groningen, the Netherlands; Department of Molecular Genetics, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, 9747 AG, Groningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Aharon Levy
- Pharmaseed Ltd, Hamazmera St 9, Ness-Ziona, 74047, Israel.
| | | | - Rick Franklin
- Constant Therapeutics LLC, C/O Casner & Edwards, 303 Congress St, Boston, MA, 02210, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Verma M, Shimizu-Motohashi Y, Asakura Y, Ennen JP, Bosco J, Zhou Z, Fong GH, Josiah S, Keefe D, Asakura A. Inhibition of FLT1 ameliorates muscular dystrophy phenotype by increased vasculature in a mouse model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. PLoS Genet 2019; 15:e1008468. [PMID: 31877123 PMCID: PMC6932757 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1008468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is an X-linked recessive genetic disease in which the dystrophin coding for a membrane stabilizing protein is mutated. Recently, the vasculature has also shown to be perturbed in DMD and DMD model mdx mice. Recent DMD transcriptomics revealed the defects were correlated to a vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling pathway. To reveal the relationship between DMD and VEGF signaling, mdx mice were crossed with constitutive (CAGCreERTM:Flt1LoxP/LoxP) and endothelial cell-specific conditional gene knockout mice (Cdh5CreERT2:Flt1LoxP/LoxP) for Flt1 (VEGFR1) which is a decoy receptor for VEGF. Here, we showed that while constitutive deletion of Flt1 is detrimental to the skeletal muscle function, endothelial cell-specific Flt1 deletion resulted in increased vascular density, increased satellite cell number and improvement in the DMD-associated phenotype in the mdx mice. These decreases in pathology, including improved muscle histology and function, were recapitulated in mdx mice given anti-FLT1 peptides or monoclonal antibodies, which blocked VEGF-FLT1 binding. The histological and functional improvement of dystrophic muscle by FLT1 blockade provides a novel pharmacological strategy for the potential treatment of DMD. Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a devastating muscle disease affecting one in 5,000 newborn males, in which the gene encoding the dystrophin protein is mutated. It is a progressive muscle degenerative disease with death by either respiratory insufficiency or cardiac failure in their 20s. Recently, the vasculature has also shown to be perturbed in DMD and DMD model mdx mice with the defects correlated to a vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling pathway. To reveal the relationship between DMD and VEGF signaling, mdx mice were crossed with mice carrying mutated a decoy receptor gene (Flt1) for VEGF. Here, we showed that Flt1 deletion resulted in increased vascular density and improvement in the DMD-associated skeletal muscle phenotype in the mdx mice. These decreases in pathology, including improved muscle histology and function, were recapitulated in mdx mice given anti-FLT1 peptides or monoclonal antibodies, which blocked VEGF-FLT1 binding. The histological and functional improvement of dystrophic muscle by FLT1 blockade provides a novel pharmacological strategy for the potential treatment of DMD.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/administration & dosage
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/pharmacology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Endothelial Cells/metabolism
- Gene Knockout Techniques
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred mdx
- Muscle, Skeletal/metabolism
- Muscle, Skeletal/physiopathology
- Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne/drug therapy
- Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne/genetics
- Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne/metabolism
- Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne/physiopathology
- Organ Specificity
- Peptides/administration & dosage
- Peptides/pharmacology
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/metabolism
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-1/antagonists & inhibitors
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-1/genetics
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mayank Verma
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America
- Paul & Sheila Wellstone Muscular Dystrophy Center, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America
- Department of Neurology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America
| | - Yuko Shimizu-Motohashi
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America
- Paul & Sheila Wellstone Muscular Dystrophy Center, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America
- Department of Neurology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America
| | - Yoko Asakura
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America
- Paul & Sheila Wellstone Muscular Dystrophy Center, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America
- Department of Neurology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America
| | - James P. Ennen
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America
- Paul & Sheila Wellstone Muscular Dystrophy Center, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America
- Department of Neurology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America
| | - Jennifer Bosco
- Shire Human Genetic Therapies, Inc., a member of the Takeda group of companies, Lexington, MA, United States of America
| | - Zhiwei Zhou
- Shire Human Genetic Therapies, Inc., a member of the Takeda group of companies, Lexington, MA, United States of America
| | - Guo-Hua Fong
- Center for Vascular Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, United States of America
| | - Serene Josiah
- Shire Human Genetic Therapies, Inc., a member of the Takeda group of companies, Lexington, MA, United States of America
| | - Dennis Keefe
- Shire Human Genetic Therapies, Inc., a member of the Takeda group of companies, Lexington, MA, United States of America
| | - Atsushi Asakura
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America
- Paul & Sheila Wellstone Muscular Dystrophy Center, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America
- Department of Neurology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Jiang J, Wang Z, Liang X, Nie Y, Chang X, Xue H, Li S, Min C. Intranasal MMI-0100 Attenuates Aβ 1-42- and LPS-Induced Neuroinflammation and Memory Impairments via the MK2 Signaling Pathway. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2707. [PMID: 31849936 PMCID: PMC6901946 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Accumulating evidence suggests inhibiting neuroinflammation as a potential target in therapeutic or preventive strategies for Alzheimer's disease (AD). MAPK-activated protein kinase II (MK2), downstream kinase of p38 mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) p38 MAPK, was unveiled as a promising option for the treatment of AD. Increasing evidence points at MK2 as involved in neuroinflammatory responses. MMI-0100, a cell-penetrating peptide inhibitor of MK2, exhibits anti-inflammatory effects and is in current clinical trials for the treatment of pulmonary fibrosis. Therefore, it is important to understand the actions of MMI-0100 in neuroinflammation. Methods: The mouse memory function was evaluated using novel object recognition (NOR) and object location recognition (OLR) tasks. Brain hippocampus tissue samples were analyzed by quantitative PCR, Western blotting, and immunostaining. Near-infrared fluorescent and confocal microscopy experiments were used to detect the brain uptake and distribution after intranasal MMI-0100 application. Results: Central MMI-0100 was able to ameliorate the memory deficit induced by Aβ1−42 or LPS in novel object and location memory tasks. MMI-0100 suppressed LPS-induced activation of astrocytes and microglia, and dramatically decreased a series of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, COX-2, and iNOS via inhibiting phosphorylation of MK2, but not ERK, JNK, and p38 in vivo and in vitro. Importantly, one of the reasons for the failure of macromolecular protein or peptide drugs in the treatment of AD is that they cannot cross the blood–brain barrier. Our data showed that intranasal administration of MMI-0100 significantly ameliorates the memory deficit induced by Aβ1−42 or LPS. Near-infrared fluorescent and confocal microscopy experiment results showed that a strong fluorescent signal, coming from mouse brains, was observed at 2 h after nasal applications of Cy7.5-MMI-0100. However, brains from control mice treated with saline or Cy7.5 alone displayed no significant signal. Conclusions: MMI-0100 attenuates Aβ1−42- and LPS-induced neuroinflammation and memory impairments via the MK2 signaling pathway. Meanwhile, these data suggest that the MMI-0100/MK2 system may provide a new potential target for treatment of AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- JinHong Jiang
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory in Anesthesiology, School of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - XueYa Liang
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - YaoYan Nie
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xin Chang
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - HongXiang Xue
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Shu Li
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Chang Min
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|