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Rahn HP, Liu X, Chosy MB, Sun J, Cegelski L, Wender PA. Biguanide-Vancomycin Conjugates are Effective Broad-Spectrum Antibiotics against Actively Growing and Biofilm-Associated Gram-Positive and Gram-Negative ESKAPE Pathogens and Mycobacteria. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:22541-22552. [PMID: 39088791 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c06520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/03/2024]
Abstract
Strategies to increase the efficacy and/or expand the spectrum of activity of existing antibiotics provide a potentially fast path to clinically address the growing crisis of antibiotic-resistant infections. Here, we report the synthesis, antibacterial efficacy, and mechanistic activity of an unprecedented class of biguanide-antibiotic conjugates. Our lead biguanide-vancomycin conjugate, V-C6-Bg-PhCl (5e), induces highly effective cell killing with up to a 2 orders-of-magnitude improvement over its parent compound, vancomycin (V), against vancomycin-resistant enterococcus. V-C6-Bg-PhCl (5e) also exhibits improved activity against mycobacteria and each of the ESKAPE pathogens, including the Gram-negative organisms. Furthermore, we uncover broad-spectrum killing activity against biofilm-associated Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria as well as mycobacteria not observed for clinically used antibiotics such as oritavancin. Mode-of-action studies reveal that vancomycin-like cell wall synthesis inhibition with improved efficacy attributed to enhanced engagement at vancomycin binding sites through biguanide association with relevant cell-surface anions for Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Due to its potency, remarkably broad activity, and lack of acute mammalian cell toxicity, V-C6-Bg-PhCl (5e) is a promising candidate for treating antibiotic-resistant infections and notoriously difficult-to-treat slowly growing and antibiotic-tolerant bacteria associated with chronic and often incurable infections. More generally, this study offers a new strategy (biguanidinylation) to enhance antibiotic activity and facilitate clinical entry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harrison P Rahn
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Xinyu Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Madeline B Chosy
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Jiuzhi Sun
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Lynette Cegelski
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Paul A Wender
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
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2
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Chosy MB, Sun J, Rahn HP, Liu X, Brčić J, Wender PA, Cegelski L. Vancomycin-Polyguanidino Dendrimer Conjugates Inhibit Growth of Antibiotic-Resistant Gram-Positive and Gram-Negative Bacteria and Eradicate Biofilm-Associated S. aureus. ACS Infect Dis 2024; 10:384-397. [PMID: 38252999 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.3c00168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
The global challenge of antibiotic resistance necessitates the introduction of more effective antibiotics. Here we report a potentially general design strategy, exemplified with vancomycin, that improves and expands antibiotic performance. Vancomycin is one of the most important antibiotics in use today for the treatment of Gram-positive infections. However, it fails to eradicate difficult-to-treat biofilm populations. Vancomycin is also ineffective in killing Gram-negative bacteria due to its inability to breach the outer membrane. Inspired by our seminal studies on cell penetrating guanidinium-rich transporters (e.g., octaarginine), we recently introduced vancomycin conjugates that effectively eradicate Gram-positive biofilm bacteria, persister cells and vancomycin-resistant enterococci (with V-r8, vancomycin-octaarginine), and Gram-negative pathogens (with V-R, vancomycin-arginine). Having shown previously that the spatial array (linear versus dendrimeric) of multiple guanidinium groups affects cell permeation, we report here for the first time vancomycin conjugates with dendrimerically displayed guanidinium groups that exhibit superior efficacy and breadth, presenting the best activity of V-r8 and V-R in single broad-spectrum compounds active against ESKAPE pathogens. Mode-of-action studies reveal cell-surface activity and enhanced vancomycin-like killing. The vancomycin-polyguanidino dendrimer conjugates exhibit no acute mammalian cell toxicity or hemolytic activity. Our study introduces a new class of broad-spectrum vancomycin derivatives and a general strategy to improve or expand antibiotic performance through combined mode-of-action and function-oriented design studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeline B Chosy
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Jiuzhi Sun
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Harrison P Rahn
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Xinyu Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Jasna Brčić
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Paul A Wender
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Lynette Cegelski
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
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3
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Huang S, Gao Y, Ma L, Jia B, Zhao W, Yao Y, Li W, Lin T, Wang R, Song J, Zhang W. Design of pH-responsive antimicrobial peptide melittin analog-camptothecin conjugates for tumor therapy. Asian J Pharm Sci 2024; 19:100890. [PMID: 38419760 PMCID: PMC10900806 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajps.2024.100890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Melittin, a classical antimicrobial peptide, is a highly potent antitumor agent. However, its significant toxicity seriously hampers its application in tumor therapy. In this study, we developed novel melittin analogs with pH-responsive, cell-penetrating and membrane-lytic activities by replacing arginine and lysine with histidine. After conjugation with camptothecin (CPT), CPT-AAM-1 and CPT-AAM-2 were capable of killing tumor cells by releasing CPT at low concentrations and disrupting cell membranes at high concentrations under acidic conditions. Notably, we found that the C-terminus of the melittin analogs was more suitable for drug conjugation than the N-terminus. CPT-AAM-1 significantly suppressed melanoma growth in vivo with relatively low toxicity. Collectively, the present study demonstrates that the development of antitumor drugs based on pH-responsive antimicrobial peptide-drug conjugates is a promising strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujie Huang
- Institute of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences & Research Unit of Peptide Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yuxuan Gao
- Institute of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences & Research Unit of Peptide Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Ling Ma
- Institute of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences & Research Unit of Peptide Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Bo Jia
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences & Research Unit of Peptide Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Wenhao Zhao
- Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yufan Yao
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences & Research Unit of Peptide Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Wenyuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences & Research Unit of Peptide Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Tongyi Lin
- Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences & Research Unit of Peptide Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Jingjing Song
- Institute of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences & Research Unit of Peptide Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences & Research Unit of Peptide Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
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4
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Daumar P, Goisnard A, Dubois C, Roux M, Depresle M, Penault-Llorca F, Bamdad M, Mounetou E. Chemical biology fluorescent tools for in vitro investigation of the multidrug resistant P-glycoprotein (P-gp) expression in tumor cells. RSC Adv 2023; 13:27016-27035. [PMID: 37693089 PMCID: PMC10490555 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra05093a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Selective P-glycoprotein (P-gp)-targeted fluorescent conjugates are desirable tools to investigate the role of P-gp, a protein strongly implicated in mediating multidrug resistance and a major cause of chemotherapy failure. Herein, we report the development of 25 novel fluorescent small-molecule conjugates with varying physicochemical and optical properties, and their biological evaluation in a cell model as P-gp targeted constructs. This investigation revealed relationships between molecular structure and cell behavior and uncovered the capacity of conjugates with varying fluorophores to selectively target P-gp. Sulfocyanine 3 labeled conjugates (5, 10, 24, 29, 34) showed a particular intracellular staining pattern. Other conjugates bearing a boron dipyrromethene (BODIPY) core (3, 8, 13, 22, 27 (BODIPY FL), 12 (BODIPY 564/570) and 4, 9 (BODIPY 650/665)) or a 7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazole (NBD) core (11, 30) showed potential for global P-gp direct detection and quantification. These fluorescent conjugates holds key advantages over existing methods for drug resistance evaluation with regards to P-gp expression and could be used as innovative tools in preclinical assays and clinical diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Daumar
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Institut Universitaire de Technologie, UMR INSERM-UCA, U1240, Imagerie Moléculaire et Stratégies Théranostiques (IMoST) F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand France
| | - Antoine Goisnard
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Institut Universitaire de Technologie, UMR INSERM-UCA, U1240, Imagerie Moléculaire et Stratégies Théranostiques (IMoST) F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand France
| | - Clémence Dubois
- BIOMARQUEURS Company 5 avenue Blaise Pascal 63178 Aubière France
| | - Manon Roux
- BIOMARQUEURS Company 5 avenue Blaise Pascal 63178 Aubière France
| | - Marie Depresle
- BIOMARQUEURS Company 5 avenue Blaise Pascal 63178 Aubière France
| | - Frédérique Penault-Llorca
- Jean Perrin Comprehensive Cancer Center F-63011 Clermont-Ferrand France
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Faculté de Médecine, UMR INSERM-UCA, U1240, Imagerie Moléculaire et Stratégies Théranostiques (IMoST) F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand France
| | - Mahchid Bamdad
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Institut Universitaire de Technologie, UMR INSERM-UCA, U1240, Imagerie Moléculaire et Stratégies Théranostiques (IMoST) F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand France
| | - Emmanuelle Mounetou
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Institut Universitaire de Technologie, UMR INSERM-UCA, U1240, Imagerie Moléculaire et Stratégies Théranostiques (IMoST) F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand France
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5
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Maharati A, Moghbeli M. Role of microRNAs in regulation of doxorubicin and paclitaxel responses in lung tumor cells. Cell Div 2023; 18:11. [PMID: 37480054 PMCID: PMC10362644 DOI: 10.1186/s13008-023-00093-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer as the leading cause of cancer related mortality is always one of the main global health challenges. Despite the recent progresses in therapeutic methods, the mortality rate is still significantly high among lung cancer patients. A wide range of therapeutic methods including chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and surgery are used to treat lung cancer. Doxorubicin (DOX) and Paclitaxel (TXL) are widely used as the first-line chemotherapeutic drugs in lung cancer. However, there is a significant high percentage of DOX/TXL resistance in lung cancer patients, which leads to tumor recurrence and metastasis. Considering, the side effects of these drugs in normal tissues, it is required to clarify the molecular mechanisms of DOX/TXL resistance to introduce the efficient prognostic and therapeutic markers in lung cancer. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have key roles in regulation of different pathophysiological processes including cell division, apoptosis, migration, and drug resistance. MiRNA deregulations are widely associated with chemo resistance in various cancers. Therefore, considering the importance of miRNAs in chemotherapy response, in the present review, we discussed the role of miRNAs in regulation of DOX/TXL response in lung cancer patients. It has been reported that miRNAs mainly induced DOX/TXL sensitivity in lung tumor cells by the regulation of signaling pathways, autophagy, transcription factors, and apoptosis. This review can be an effective step in introducing miRNAs as the non-invasive prognostic markers to predict DOX/TXL response in lung cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amirhosein Maharati
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Meysam Moghbeli
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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6
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Laniel A, Marouseau É, Nguyen DT, Froehlich U, McCartney C, Boudreault PL, Lavoie C. Characterization of PGua 4, a Guanidinium-Rich Peptoid that Delivers IgGs to the Cytosol via Macropinocytosis. Mol Pharm 2023; 20:1577-1590. [PMID: 36781165 PMCID: PMC9997486 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.2c00783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the structure-cellular penetration relationship of guanidinium-rich transporters (GRTs), we previously designed PGua4, a five-amino acid peptoid containing a conformationally restricted pattern of eight guanidines, which showed high cell-penetrating abilities and low cell toxicity. Herein, we characterized the cellular uptake selectivity, internalization pathway, and intracellular distribution of PGua4, as well as its capacity to deliver cargo. PGua4 exhibits higher penetration efficiency in HeLa cells than in six other cell lines (A549, Caco-2, fibroblast, HEK293, Mia-PaCa2, and MCF7) and is mainly internalized by clathrin-mediated endocytosis and macropinocytosis. Confocal microscopy showed that it remained trapped in endosomes at low concentrations but induced pH-dependent endosomal membrane destabilization at concentrations ≥10 μM, allowing its diffusion into the cytoplasm. Importantly, PGua4 significantly enhanced macropinocytosis and the cellular uptake and cytosolic delivery of large IgGs following noncovalent complexation. Therefore, in addition to its peptoid nature conferring high resistance to proteolysis, PGua4 presents characteristics of a promising tool for IgG delivery and therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andréanne Laniel
- Institut de Pharmacologie
de Sherbrooke, Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty
of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université
de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Étienne Marouseau
- Institut de Pharmacologie
de Sherbrooke, Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty
of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université
de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Duc Tai Nguyen
- Institut de Pharmacologie
de Sherbrooke, Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty
of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université
de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Ulrike Froehlich
- Institut de Pharmacologie
de Sherbrooke, Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty
of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université
de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Claire McCartney
- Institut de Pharmacologie
de Sherbrooke, Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty
of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université
de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Pierre-Luc Boudreault
- Institut de Pharmacologie
de Sherbrooke, Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty
of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université
de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Christine Lavoie
- Institut de Pharmacologie
de Sherbrooke, Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty
of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université
de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec J1H 5N4, Canada
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7
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Guanidinium-functionalized Block Copolyelectrolyte Micelleplexes for Safe and Efficient siRNA Delivery. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-022-0222-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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8
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Chen J, Yu X, Liu X, Ni J, Yang G, Zhang K. Advances in nanobiotechnology-propelled multidrug resistance circumvention of cancer. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:12984-12998. [PMID: 36056710 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr04418h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Multidrug resistance (MDR) is one of the main reasons for the failure of tumor chemotherapy and has a negative influence on the therapeutic effect. MDR is primarily attributable to two mechanisms: the activation of efflux pumps for drugs, which can transport intracellular drug molecules from cells, and other mechanisms not related to efflux pumps, e.g., apoptosis prevention, strengthened DNA repair, and strong oxidation resistance. Nanodrug-delivery systems have recently attracted much attention, showing some unparalleled advantages such as drug targeting and reduced drug efflux, drug toxicity and side effects in reversing MDR. Notably, in drug-delivery platforms based on nanotechnology, multiple therapeutic strategies are integrated into one system, which can compensate for the limitations of individual strategies. In this review, the mechanisms of tumor MDR as well as common vectors and nanocarrier-combined therapy strategies to reverse MDR were summarized to promote the understanding of the latest progress in improving the efficiency of chemotherapy and synergistic strategies. In particular, the adoption of nanotechnology has been highlighted and the principles underlying this phenomenon have been elucidated, which may provide guidance for the development of more effective anticancer strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Chen
- Central Laboratory, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, No. 301 Yan-chang-zhong Road, Shanghai 200072, P. R. China.
- Department of Medical Ultrasound, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No.241 West Huaihai Road, Shanghai 200030, P. R. China
| | - Xin Yu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Thoracic Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, No. 507 Zheng-Min Road, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
| | - Xinyu Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Thoracic Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, No. 507 Zheng-Min Road, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
| | - Jinliang Ni
- Central Laboratory, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, No. 301 Yan-chang-zhong Road, Shanghai 200072, P. R. China.
| | - Guangcan Yang
- Central Laboratory, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, No. 301 Yan-chang-zhong Road, Shanghai 200072, P. R. China.
| | - Kun Zhang
- Central Laboratory, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, No. 301 Yan-chang-zhong Road, Shanghai 200072, P. R. China.
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9
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Zhang H, Yu J, Ma L, Zhao Y, Xu S, Shi J, Qian K, Gu M, Tan H, Xu L, Liu Y, Mu C, Xiong Y. Reversing multi-drug resistance by polymeric metformin to enhance antitumor efficacy of chemotherapy. Int J Pharm 2022; 624:121931. [PMID: 35750278 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.121931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Multi-drug resistance (MDR) in breast cancer poses a great threat to chemotherapy. The expression and function of the ATP binding cassette (ABC) transporter are the major cause of MDR. Herein, a linear polyethylene glycol (PEI) conjugated with dicyandiamide, which called polymeric metformin (PolyMet), was successfully synthesized as a simple and biocompatible polymer of metformin. PolyMet showed the potential to reverse MDR by inhibiting the efflux of the substrate of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter from DOX resistant MCF-7 cells (MCF-7/DOX). To test its MDR reversing effect, PolyMet was combined with DOX to treat mice carrying MCF-7/DOX xenografts. In order to decrease the toxicities of DOX and delivery PolyMet and DOX to tumor at the same time, PolyMet was complexed with poly-γ-glutamic acid-doxorubicin (PGA-DOX) electrostatically at the optimal ratio of 2:3, which were further coated with lipid membrane to form lipid/PolyMet-(PGA-DOX) nanoparticles (LPPD). The particle size of LPPD was 165.8 nm, and the zeta potential was +36.5 mV. LPPD exhibited favorable cytotoxicity and cellular uptake in MCF-7/DOX. Meanwhile, the bioluminescence imaging and immunohistochemical analysis indicated that LPPD effectively conquered DOX-associated MDR by blocking ABC transporters (ABCB1 and ABCC1) via PolyMet. Remarkably, LPPD significantly inhibited the tumor growth and lowered the systemic toxicity in a murine MCF-7/DOX tumor model. This is the first time to reveal that PolyMet can enhance the anti-tumor efficacy of DOX by dampening ABC transporters and activating the AMPK/mTOR pathway, which is a promising strategy for drug-resistant breast cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China; Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China
| | - Jiandong Yu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China
| | - Lisha Ma
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China
| | - Yue Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China
| | - Shujun Xu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China
| | - Jingbin Shi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China
| | - Ke Qian
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China
| | - Mancang Gu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China; Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China
| | - Hongsheng Tan
- Clinical Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Li Xu
- Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of TCM (Traditional Chinese Medicine), The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, China
| | - Yun Liu
- UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27559, USA
| | - Chaofeng Mu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China.
| | - Yang Xiong
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China; Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China.
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10
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Nomura K, Kawano K, Kawaguchi Y, Kawamura Y, Michibata J, Kuwata K, Sugiyama K, Kusumoto K, Futaki S. Hemopexin as a Potential Binding Partner of Arginine-Rich Cell-Penetrating Peptides in Serum. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2022; 5:603-615. [DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.2c00043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kayo Nomura
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Kenichi Kawano
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Yoshimasa Kawaguchi
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Yuki Kawamura
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Junya Michibata
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Keiko Kuwata
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Koji Sugiyama
- Formulation Research Laboratory, Taiho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 224-2, Ebisuno, Hiraishi, Kawauchi-cho, Tokushima 771-0194, Japan
| | - Kenji Kusumoto
- Formulation Research Laboratory, Taiho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 224-2, Ebisuno, Hiraishi, Kawauchi-cho, Tokushima 771-0194, Japan
| | - Shiroh Futaki
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
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11
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Harnessing the gene delivery, anti-cancer and antimicrobial potential of polyethylene biguanides and their nanotized forms. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-022-03142-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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12
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Wang L, Chen H, Wang F, Zhang X. The development of peptide-drug conjugates (PDCs) strategies for paclitaxel. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2022; 19:147-161. [PMID: 35130795 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2022.2039621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Paclitaxel is a powerful and effective anti-tumor drug with wide clinical application. However, there are still some limitations, including poor water solubility, low specificity, and susceptibility to drug resistance. The peptide-drug conjugates (PDCs) represent a rising class of therapeutic drugs, which combines small-molecule chemotherapeutic drugs with highly flexible peptides through a cleavable or non-cleavable linker. When this strategy is applied, the therapeutic effects of paclitaxel can be improved. AREAS COVERED In this review, we discuss the application of the PDCs strategy in paclitaxel, including two parts: the tumor targeting peptide-paclitaxel conjugates and the cell penetrating peptide-paclitaxel conjugates. EXPERT OPINION Combining drugs with multifunctional peptides covalently is an effective strategy for delivering paclitaxel to tumors. Depending on different functional peptides, conjugates can increase the water solubility of paclitaxel, tumor permeability of paclitaxel, the accumulation of paclitaxel in tumor tissues, and enhance the antitumor effect of paclitaxel. In addition, due to the change of cell entry mechanism, partial conjugates can restore the therapeutic activity of paclitaxel against resistant tumors. Notably, in order to better translate into the clinical field in the future, more research should be conducted to ensure the safety and effectiveness of peptide-paclitaxel conjugates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longkun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Carbohydrate-based Medicine, Institute of Biochemical and Biotechnological Drug, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongyuan Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Fengshan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Carbohydrate-based Medicine, Institute of Biochemical and Biotechnological Drug, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinke Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, People's Republic of China
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Sun Y, Yang J, Yang T, Li Y, Zhu R, Hou Y, Liu Y. Co-delivery of IL-12 cytokine gene and cisplatin prodrug by a polymetformin-conjugated nanosystem for lung cancer chemo-gene treatment through chemotherapy sensitization and tumor microenvironment modulation. Acta Biomater 2021; 128:447-461. [PMID: 33894351 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.04.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The combination of chemotherapy and gene therapy has been indicated as a promising approach for cancer therapy. However, this combination strategy is still faced a challenge by the lack of suitable carriers to co-loaded chemotherapeutic drug and gene into one single nanoplatform. In this study, a tumor-targeted HC/pIL-12/polyMET micelleplexes were developed for the co-loading and co-delivery of cisplatin (CDDP) and plasmid encoding interleukin-12 gene (pIL-12), which would be utilized to generate synergistic actions through chemotherapy sensitization and microenvironment modulation. The HC/pIL-12/polyMET exhibited desirable particle size, superior serum stability, effective intracellular CDDP release and pIL-12 transfection efficiency. More important, the HC/pIL-12/polyMET generated the enhanced LLC cell proliferation inhibition and apoptosis induction efficiency. The long-circulating HC/pIL-12/polyMET micelleplexes promoted the accumulation of CDDP and pIL-12 in tumor site, which resulted in significantly inhibiting the growth of lung cancer, and prolonging the overall survival of tumor-bearing mice. The underlying immune mechanism demonstrated the combination of CDDP and pIL-12 activated immune effector cells to release IFN-γ and induced M1-type differentiation of tumor-related macrophages, thereby generating synergistic chemoimmunotherapy effect. Taken together, this study may provide an effective strategy for drug/gene co-delivery and cancer chemoimmunotherapy. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Chemoimmunotherapy has been indicated as an approach to improve efficacy of cancer therapy. Herein, a tumor-targeted micelleplexes (HC/pIL-12/polyMET) were developed for the co-delivery of cisplatin (CDDP) and plasmid encoding IL-12 gene (pIL-12), which can employ the synergistic effects through chemotherapy sensitization and microenvironment modulation. The HC/pIL-12/polyMET exhibited desirable particle size, superior serum stability, high gene transfection efficiency and antitumor activity on tumor cell proliferation inhibition and apoptosis induction. More importantly, the long-circulating HC/pIL-12/polyMET micelleplexes could effectively accumulate in tumor sites and then rapidly release the CDDP and pIL-12, significantly inhibit the growth of lung cancer. This strategy provides a new concept for chemo-gene combination with a strengthened overall therapeutic efficacy of chemoimmunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Sun
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, No. 1160, Shengli Street, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Jiayu Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, No. 1160, Shengli Street, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Tong Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, No. 1160, Shengli Street, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Yifan Li
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, No. 1160, Shengli Street, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Rongyue Zhu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, No. 1160, Shengli Street, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Yanhui Hou
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, No. 1160, Shengli Street, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Yanhua Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, No. 1160, Shengli Street, Yinchuan, 750004, China; Key Laboratory of Hui Ethnic Medicine Modernization, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China.
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Moulahoum H, Ghorbani Zamani F, Timur S, Zihnioglu F. Metal Binding Antimicrobial Peptides in Nanoparticle Bio-functionalization: New Heights in Drug Delivery and Therapy. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2021; 12:48-63. [PMID: 31001788 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-019-09546-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Peptides are considered very important due to the diversity expressed through their amino acid sequence, structure variation, large spectrum, and their essential role in biological systems. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) emerged as a potent tool in therapy owing to their antimicrobial properties but also their ability to trespass the membranes, specificity, and low toxicity. They comprise a variety of peptides from which specific amino acid-rich peptides are of interest to the current review due to their features in metal interaction and cell penetration. Histidine-rich peptides such as Histatins belong to the metal binding salivary residing peptides with efficient antibacterial, antifungal, and wound-healing activities. Furthermore, their ability to activate in acidic environment attracted the attention to their potential in therapy. The current review covers the current knowledge about AMPs and critically assess the potential of associating with metal ions both structurally and functionally. This review provides interesting hints for the advantages provided by AMPs and metal ions in biomedicine, making use of their direct properties in brain diseases therapy or in the creation of new bio-functionalized nanoparticles for cancer diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hichem Moulahoum
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ege University, 35100, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey.
| | - Faezeh Ghorbani Zamani
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ege University, 35100, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Suna Timur
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ege University, 35100, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Figen Zihnioglu
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ege University, 35100, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey.
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15
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Yokoe H, Mizumura Y, Sugiyama K, Yan K, Hashizume Y, Endo Y, Yoshida S, Kiriyama A, Tsubuki M, Kanoh N. Rapid Access to Dispirocyclic Scaffolds Enabled by Diastereoselective Intramolecular Double Functionalization of Benzene Rings. Chem Asian J 2020; 15:4271-4274. [PMID: 33029940 PMCID: PMC7756633 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202001179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Here we describe the diastereoselective synthesis of (5r,8r)-1,9-diazadispiro[4.2.48 .25 ]tetradecatrienes via domino double spirocyclization of N-arylamide derivatives. This reaction can serve as a fast way to synthesize diazadispirocycles, which are found in the core structures of bioactive natural products. Product diversification via Suzuki-Miyaura cross coupling and application to the synthesis of 1-oxa-9-azadispiro[4.2.48 .25 ]tetradecatrienes were also conducted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiromasa Yokoe
- Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan
| | - Yuka Mizumura
- Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan
| | - Kana Sugiyama
- Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan
| | - Kejia Yan
- Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan
| | - Yuna Hashizume
- Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan
| | - Yuto Endo
- Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan
| | - Sae Yoshida
- Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan
| | - Akiko Kiriyama
- Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Tsubuki
- Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan
| | - Naoki Kanoh
- Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan
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Skwarecki AS, Nowak MG, Milewska MJ. Synthetic strategies in construction of organic low molecular-weight carrier-drug conjugates. Bioorg Chem 2020; 104:104311. [PMID: 33142423 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.104311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Inefficient transportation of polar metabolic inhibitors through cell membranes of eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells precludes their direct use as drug candidates in chemotherapy. One of the possible solutions to this problem is application of the 'Trojan horse' strategy, i.e. conjugation of an active substance with a molecular carrier of organic or inorganic nature, facilitating membrane penetration. In this work, the synthetic strategies used in rational design and preparation of conjugates of bioactive agents with three types of organic low molecular-weight carriers have been reviewed. These include iron-chelating agents, siderophores and cell-penetrating peptides. Moreover, a less known but very promising "molecular umbrella" conjugation strategy has been presented. Special attention has been paid on appropriate linking strategies, especially these allowing intracellular drug release after internalisation of a conjugate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej S Skwarecki
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biochemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, 11/12 Gabriela Narutowicza Street, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Michał G Nowak
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, 11/12 Gabriela Narutowicza Street, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Maria J Milewska
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, 11/12 Gabriela Narutowicza Street, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland
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17
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Chen C, Zhou L, Xie B, Wang Y, Ren L, Chen X, Cen B, Lv H, Wang H. Novel fast-acting pyrazole/pyridine-functionalized N-heterocyclic carbene silver complexes assembled with nanoparticles show enhanced safety and efficacy as anticancer therapeutics. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:2505-2516. [PMID: 32022055 DOI: 10.1039/c9dt04751d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we designed and synthesized four novel multi-nuclear silver complexes (1-4) coordinated with pyrazole- or pyridine-functionalized N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligands. The crystal structures of the silver-NHC complexes were confirmed by X-ray diffraction analysis. In vitro assays showed that the silver-NHC complexes effectively killed a broad range of cancer cells after short-term drug exposure, serving as fast-acting cytotoxic agents. Of note, in cisplatin-resistant A549 cancer cells, the silver complexes were not cross-resistant with the clinically used cisplatin agent. Detailed mechanistic studies revealed that complex 2 triggered caspase-independent cell necrosis associated with intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) depletion. By exploiting a facile nano-assembly process, silver-NHC complexes 1, 2 and 4 were successfully integrated into the hydrophobic cores of amphiphilic matrices (DSPE-PEG2K), enabling systemic injection. The silver complex-loaded nanotherapeutics (1-NPs, 2-NPs, and 4-NPs) showed high safety margins with reduced systemic drug toxicities relative to cisplatin in animals. Furthermore, in a xenograft model of human colorectal cancer, the administration of the nanotherapeutics resulted in a marked inhibition of tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, PR China. and College of Life Sciences, Huzhou University, Huzhou, 313000, PR China
| | - Liqian Zhou
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, PR China.
| | - Binbin Xie
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, PR China
| | - Yuchen Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, PR China.
| | - Lulu Ren
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, PR China
| | - Xiaona Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, PR China.
| | - Beini Cen
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, PR China.
| | - He Lv
- College of Life Sciences, Huzhou University, Huzhou, 313000, PR China
| | - Hangxiang Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, PR China.
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18
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Hoppenz P, Els-Heindl S, Beck-Sickinger AG. Peptide-Drug Conjugates and Their Targets in Advanced Cancer Therapies. Front Chem 2020; 8:571. [PMID: 32733853 PMCID: PMC7359416 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.00571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer became recently the leading cause of death in industrialized countries. Even though standard treatments achieve significant effects in growth inhibition and tumor elimination, they cause severe side effects as most of the applied drugs exhibit only minor selectivity for the malignant tissue. Hence, specific addressing of tumor cells without affecting healthy tissue is currently a major desire in cancer therapy. Cell surface receptors, which bind peptides are frequently overexpressed on cancer cells and can therefore be considered as promising targets for selective tumor therapy. In this review, the benefits of peptides as tumor homing agents are presented and an overview of the most commonly addressed peptide receptors is given. A special focus was set on the bombesin receptor family and the neuropeptide Y receptor family. In the second part, the specific requirements of peptide-drug conjugates (PDC) and intelligent linker structures as an essential component of PDC are outlined. Furthermore, different drug cargos are presented including classical and recent toxic agents as well as radionuclides for diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. In the last part, boron neutron capture therapy as advanced targeted cancer therapy is introduced and past and recent developments are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Hoppenz
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Institute of Biochemistry, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sylvia Els-Heindl
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Institute of Biochemistry, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
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19
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Saw PE, Yao H, Lin C, Tao W, Farokhzad OC, Xu X. Stimuli-Responsive Polymer-Prodrug Hybrid Nanoplatform for Multistage siRNA Delivery and Combination Cancer Therapy. NANO LETTERS 2019; 19:5967-5974. [PMID: 31381852 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b01660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticles (NPs) formulated with cationic lipids and/or polymers have shown substantial potential for systemic delivery of RNA therapeutics such as small interfering RNA (siRNA) for the treatment of cancer and other diseases. While both cationic lipids and polymers have demonstrated the promise to facilitate siRNA encapsulation and endosomal escape, they could also hamper cytosolic siRNA release due to charge interaction and induce potential toxicities. Herein, a unique polymer-prodrug hybrid NP platform was developed for multistage siRNA delivery and combination cancer therapy. This NP system is composed of (i) a hydrophilic polyethylene glycol (PEG) shell, (ii) a hydrophobic NP core made with a tumor microenvironment (TME) pH-responsive polymer, and (iii) charge-mediated complexes of siRNA and amphiphilic cationic mitoxantrone (MTO)-based prodrug that are encapsulated in the NP core. After intravenous administration, the long-circulating NPs accumulate in tumor tissues and then rapidly release the siRNA-prodrug complexes via TME pH-mediated NP disassociation for subsequent tissue penetration and cytosolic transport. With the overexpressed esterase in tumor cells to hydrolyze the amphiphilic structure of the prodrug and thereby induce destabilization of the siRNA-prodrug complexes, the therapeutic siRNA and anticancer drug MTO can be efficiently released in the cytoplasm, ultimately leading to the combinational inhibition of tumor growth via concurrent RNAi-mediated gene silencing and MTO-mediated chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phei Er Saw
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital , Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou 510120 , P. R. China
- RNA Biomedical Institute, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital , Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou 510120 , P. R. China
| | - Herui Yao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital , Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou 510120 , P. R. China
- RNA Biomedical Institute, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital , Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou 510120 , P. R. China
| | - Chunhao Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital , Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou 510120 , P. R. China
- RNA Biomedical Institute, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital , Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou 510120 , P. R. China
| | - Wei Tao
- Center for Nanomedicine and Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital , Harvard Medical School , Boston , Massachusetts 02115 , United States
| | - Omid C Farokhzad
- Center for Nanomedicine and Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital , Harvard Medical School , Boston , Massachusetts 02115 , United States
| | - Xiaoding Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital , Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou 510120 , P. R. China
- RNA Biomedical Institute, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital , Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou 510120 , P. R. China
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Avilés-Moreno JR, Berden G, Oomens J, Martínez-Haya B. Insights into the Recognition of Phosphate Groups by Peptidic Arginine from Action Spectroscopy and Quantum Chemical Computations. J Phys Chem B 2019; 123:7528-7535. [PMID: 31449420 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.9b06201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The side group of the amino acid arginine is typically in its guanidinium protonated form under physiological conditions and participates in a broad range of ligand binding and charge transfer processes of proteins. The recognition of phosphate moieties by guanidinium plays a particularly key role in the interactions of proteins with ATP and nucleic acids. Moreover, it has been recently identified as the driving force for the inhibition of kinase phosphorilation activity by guanidinium derivatives devised as potential anticancer agents. We report on a fundamental investigation of the interactions and coordination arrangements formed by guanidinium with phosphoric, phosphate, and pyrophosphate groups. Action vibrational spectroscopy and ab initio quantum chemical computations are employed to characterize the conformations of benchmark positively charged complexes isolated in an ion trap. The multidentate structure of guanidinium and of the phosphate groups gives rise to a rich conformational landscape with a particular relevance of tweezer-like configurations, where phosphate is effectively trapped by two guanidinium cations. The pyrophosphate complex incorporates a Na+ cation, which serves to compare the interactions associated with the localized versus diffuse charge distributions of the alkali cation and guanidinium, respectively, within a common supramolecular framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Ramón Avilés-Moreno
- Department of Physical, Chemical and Natural Systems, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, 41013 Seville, Spain
| | - Giel Berden
- Radboud University, Institute for Molecules and Materials, FELIX Laboratory, Toernooiveld 7c, 6525ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jos Oomens
- Radboud University, Institute for Molecules and Materials, FELIX Laboratory, Toernooiveld 7c, 6525ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Bruno Martínez-Haya
- Department of Physical, Chemical and Natural Systems, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, 41013 Seville, Spain
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Prodrugs in combination with nanocarriers as a strategy for promoting antitumoral efficiency. Future Med Chem 2019; 11:2131-2150. [DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2018-0388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Prodrug entrapment into nanocarriers for tumor delivery is a strategy to achieve a valid therapy with high efficiency. The prodrug contains anticancer agents conjugating with functional moieties or ligands so that the active component is released after metabolism in the body or tumor. The advantages of nanosystems for loading prodrugs include high loading, increased prodrug stability, improved bioavailability and enhanced targeting to tumor cells. In the present article, we introduce the prodrug delivery approaches according to nanomedicine and the recent advances in prodrug-loaded nanocarriers. First, we discuss the conceptional design of combined prodrugs and nanocarriers in response to the obstruction in anticancer therapy. Then we describe the cases of prodrug-loaded nanoparticles for cancer treatment during the past 5 years.
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22
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Dai Y, Yue N, Liu C, Cai X, Su X, Bi X, Li Q, Li C, Huang W, Qian H. Synthesis and evaluation of redox-sensitive gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor-targeting peptide conjugates. Bioorg Chem 2019; 88:102945. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.102945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2018] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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23
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Al-azzawi S, Masheta D. Designing a drug delivery system for improved tumor treatment and targeting by functionalization of a cell-penetrating peptide. JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL INVESTIGATION 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s40005-018-00424-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Kurth F, Dittrich PS, Walde P, Seebach D. Influence of the Membrane Dye R18 and of DMSO on Cell Penetration of Guanidinium-Rich Peptides. Chem Biodivers 2018; 15:e1800302. [PMID: 30074284 PMCID: PMC6387783 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201800302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
A quantitative analysis by confocal fluorescence microscopy of the entry into HEK293 and MCF-7 cells by fluorescein-labeled octaarginine (1) and by three octa-Adp derivatives (2 - 4, octamers of the β-Asp-Arg-dipeptide, derived from the biopolymer cyanophycin) is described, including the effects of the membrane dye R18 and of DMSO on cell penetration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Kurth
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zürich, BSD H 368, Mattenstrasse 26, CH-4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Petra S. Dittrich
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zürich, BSD H 368, Mattenstrasse 26, CH-4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Peter Walde
- Departement Materialwissenschaft, ETH-Zürich, Hönggerberg HCI, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Dieter Seebach
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, Departement Chemie und Angewandte Biowissenschaften, ETH-Zürich, Hönggerberg HCI, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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Shi NQ, Li Y, Zhang Y, Li ZQ, Qi XR. Deepened cellular/subcellular interface penetration and enhanced antitumor efficacy of cyclic peptidic ligand-decorated accelerating active targeted nanomedicines. Int J Nanomedicine 2018; 13:5537-5559. [PMID: 30271146 PMCID: PMC6154709 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s172556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Acceleration and improvement of penetration across cell-membrane interfaces of active targeted nanotherapeutics into tumor cells would improve tumor-therapy efficacy by overcoming the issue of poor drug penetration. Cell-penetrating peptides, especially synthetic polyarginine, have shown promise in facilitating cargo delivery. However, it is unknown whether polyarginine can work to overcome the membrane interface in an inserted pattern for cyclic peptide ligand-mediated active targeting drug delivery. Here, we conducted a study to test the hypothesis that tandem-insert nona-arginine (tiR9) can act as an accelerating component for intracellular internalization, enhance cellular penetration, and promote antitumor efficacy of active targeted cyclic asparagine–glycine–arginine (cNGR)-decorated nanoliposomes. Methods Polyarginine was coupled with the polyethylene glycol (PEG) chain and the cNGR moiety, yielding a cNGR–tiR9–PEG2,000–distearoylphosphatidylethanolamine conjugate. Results The accelerating active targeted liposome (Lip) nanocarrier (cNGR-tiR9-Lip–doxorubicin [Dox]) constructed in this study held suitable physiochemical features, such as appropriate particle size of ~150 nm and sustained-release profiles. Subsequently, tiR9 was shown to enhance cellular drug delivery of Dox-loaded active targeted systems (cNGR-Lip-Dox) significantly. Layer-by-layer confocal microscopy indicated that the tandem-insert polyarginine accelerated active targeted system entry into deeper intracellular regions based on observations at marginal and center locations. tiR9 enhanced the penetration depth of cNGR-Lip–coumarin 6 through subcellular membrane barriers and caused its specific accumulation in mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, and Golgi apparatus. It was also obvious that cNGR-tiR9-Lip-Dox induced enhanced apoptosis and activated caspase 3/7. Moreover, compared with cNGR-Lip-Dox, cNGR-tiR9-Lip-Dox induced a significantly higher antiproliferative effect and markedly suppressed tumor growth in HT1080-bearing nude mice. Conclusion This active tumor-targeting nanocarrier incorporating a tandem-insert polyarginine (tiR9) as an accelerating motif shows promise as an effective drug-delivery system to accelerate translocation of drugs across tumor-cell/subcellular membrane barriers to achieve improved specific tumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nian-Qiu Shi
- School of Pharmacy, Jilin Medical University, Jilin, Jilin, 132013, China,
| | - Yan Li
- Immunology Department, Laboratory Medical College, Jilin Medical University, Jilin, Jilin, 132013, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- College of Life Science, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130012, China
| | - Zheng-Qiang Li
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130012, China,
| | - Xian-Rong Qi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
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26
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Ahn J, Lee B, Choi Y, Jin H, Lim NY, Park J, Kim JH, Bae J, Jung JH. Non-peptidic guanidinium-functionalized silica nanoparticles as selective mitochondria-targeting drug nanocarriers. J Mater Chem B 2018; 6:5698-5707. [PMID: 32254976 DOI: 10.1039/c8tb01358f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
We report on the design and fabrication of a Fe3O4 core-mesoporous silica nanoparticle shell (Fe3O4@MSNs)-based mitochondria-targeting drug nanocarrier. A guanidinium derivative (GA) was conjugated onto the Fe3O4@MSNs as the mitochondria-targeting ligand. The fabrication of the Fe3O4@MSNs and their functionalization with GA were carried out by the sol-gel polymerization of alkoxysilane groups. Doxorubicin (DOX), an anti-cancer drug, was loaded into the pores of a GA-attached Fe3O4@MSNs due to both its anti-cancer properties and to allow for the fluorescent visualization of the nanocarriers. The selective and efficient mitochondria-targeting ability of a DOX-loaded GA-Fe3O4@MSNs (DOX/GA-Fe3O4@MSNs) was demonstrated by a co-localization study, transmission electron microscopy, and a fluorometric analysis on isolated mitochondria. It was found that the DOX/GA-Fe3O4@MSNs selectively accumulated into mitochondria within only five minutes; to the best of our knowledge, this is the shortest accumulation time reported for mitochondria targeting systems. Moreover, 2.6 times higher amount of DOX was accumulated in mitochondria by DOX/GA-Fe3O4@MSNs than by DOX/TPP-Fe3O4@MSNs. A cell viability assay indicated that the DOX/GA-Fe3O4@MSNs have high cytotoxicity to cancer cells, whereas the GA-Fe3O4@MSNs without DOX are non-cytotoxic; this indicates that the DOX/GA-Fe3O4@MSNs have great potential for use as biocompatible and effective mitochondria-targeting nanocarriers for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junho Ahn
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute of Natural Sciences Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Korea.
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27
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Vrettos EI, Mező G, Tzakos AG. On the design principles of peptide-drug conjugates for targeted drug delivery to the malignant tumor site. Beilstein J Org Chem 2018; 14:930-954. [PMID: 29765474 PMCID: PMC5942387 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.14.80] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is the second leading cause of death affecting nearly one in two people, and the appearance of new cases is projected to rise by >70% by 2030. To effectively combat the menace of cancer, a variety of strategies have been exploited. Among them, the development of peptide–drug conjugates (PDCs) is considered as an inextricable part of this armamentarium and is continuously explored as a viable approach to target malignant tumors. The general architecture of PDCs consists of three building blocks: the tumor-homing peptide, the cytotoxic agent and the biodegradable connecting linker. The aim of the current review is to provide a spherical perspective on the basic principles governing PDCs, as also the methodology to construct them. We aim to offer basic and integral knowledge on the rational design towards the construction of PDCs through analyzing each building block, as also to highlight the overall progress of this rapidly growing field. Therefore, we focus on several intriguing examples from the recent literature, including important PDCs that have progressed to phase III clinical trials. Last, we address possible difficulties that may emerge during the synthesis of PDCs, as also report ways to overcome them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eirinaios I Vrettos
- University of Ioannina, Department of Chemistry, Section of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ioannina, GR-45110, Greece
| | - Gábor Mező
- Eötvös Loránd University, Faculty of Science, Institute of Chemistry, Pázmány P. stny. 1/A, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary.,MTA-ELTE Research Group of Peptide Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány P. stny. 1/A, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Andreas G Tzakos
- University of Ioannina, Department of Chemistry, Section of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ioannina, GR-45110, Greece
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28
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Contino M, Guglielmo S, Perrone MG, Giampietro R, Rolando B, Carrieri A, Zaccaria D, Chegaev K, Borio V, Riganti C, Zabielska-Koczywąs K, Colabufo NA, Fruttero R. New tetrahydroisoquinoline-based P-glycoprotein modulators: decoration of the biphenyl core gives selective ligands. MEDCHEMCOMM 2018; 9:862-869. [PMID: 30108975 DOI: 10.1039/c8md00075a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
P-glycoprotein (P-gp, MDR1) is a membrane transporter expressed in several regions of our body. It plays a crucial defense role as it mediates the efflux of hundreds of potentially toxic substances. However, P-gp is one of the main causes of failure in cancer chemotherapy, as a number of chemotherapeutic agents are P-gp substrates. Another interesting implication concerns the correlation between P-gp expression impairment and the onset of several central nervous system pathologies such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. In view of these considerations, in the present study, a new series of P-gp modulators have been designed, synthesized and evaluated for their activity towards P-gp and two other sister proteins (BCRP and MRP1). The compounds, structurally correlated to the potent but non-selective P-gp inhibitor MC70 [4'-(6,7-dimethoxy-3,4-dihydro-1H-isoquinolin-2-ylmethyl)biphenyl-4-ol], proved fairly selective towards P-gp, with a potency in the micromolar range. Compounds 5a, 5d and 12d proved capable of restoring doxorubicin toxicity in resistant cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marialessandra Contino
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco , Universita' degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro" , Via Orabona 4 , 70125 Bari , Italy .
| | - Stefano Guglielmo
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco , Universita' degli Studi di Torino , Via P. Giuria 9 , 10125 Torino , Italy .
| | - Maria Grazia Perrone
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco , Universita' degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro" , Via Orabona 4 , 70125 Bari , Italy .
| | - Roberta Giampietro
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco , Universita' degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro" , Via Orabona 4 , 70125 Bari , Italy .
| | - Barbara Rolando
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco , Universita' degli Studi di Torino , Via P. Giuria 9 , 10125 Torino , Italy .
| | - Antonio Carrieri
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco , Universita' degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro" , Via Orabona 4 , 70125 Bari , Italy .
| | - Daniele Zaccaria
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco , Universita' degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro" , Via Orabona 4 , 70125 Bari , Italy .
| | - Konstantin Chegaev
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco , Universita' degli Studi di Torino , Via P. Giuria 9 , 10125 Torino , Italy .
| | - Vanessa Borio
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco , Universita' degli Studi di Torino , Via P. Giuria 9 , 10125 Torino , Italy .
| | - Chiara Riganti
- Dipartimento di Oncologia , Università degli Studi di Torino , via Santena 5/bis , 10126 Torino , Italy
| | - Katarzyna Zabielska-Koczywąs
- Department of Small Animal Diseases with Clinic , Faculty of Veterinary Medicine , Warsaw University of Life Sciences , Nowoursynowska 159c , 02-776 , Warsaw , Poland
| | - Nicola A Colabufo
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco , Universita' degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro" , Via Orabona 4 , 70125 Bari , Italy . .,Biofordrug s.r.l. , Spin-off dell'Università degli Studi di Bari "A. Moro" , Via Orabona 4 , 70125 Bari , Italy
| | - Roberta Fruttero
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco , Universita' degli Studi di Torino , Via P. Giuria 9 , 10125 Torino , Italy .
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29
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Wen Y, Zhao RQ, Zhang YK, Gupta P, Fu LX, Tang AZ, Liu BM, Chen ZS, Yang DH, Liang G. Effect of Y6, an epigallocatechin gallate derivative, on reversing doxorubicin drug resistance in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Oncotarget 2018; 8:29760-29770. [PMID: 28423656 PMCID: PMC5444701 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells can acquire resistance to a wide variety of diverse and unrelated drugs, this phenomenon is termed multidrug resistance (MDR). Multidrug resistance has been an obstacle to the success of cancer chemotherapy. The present study investigated the reversal effect of Y6, a new compound obtained by chemically modifying the structure of epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) extracted from green tea. Y6 was proven to be effective in inhibiting cell proliferation and reversing drug resistance in doxorubicin (DOX) resistant human hepatocellular carcinoma cells (BEL-7404/DOX). BEL-7404/DOX cells were treated with either doxorubicin combination regimen (doxorubicin plus Y6 or epigallocatechin-3-gallate or verapamil separately) or doxorubicin alone. The results showed that cell proliferation was inhibited and late cell apoptosis increased in the combination treatment group, especially in the group treated with doxorubicin plus Y6. Further analysis revealed that the expressions of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α and multidrug resistance 1/P-glycoprotein decreased at both messenger RNA and protein levels by treatments with combined drugs compared to doxorubicin alone. Our results indicated that Y6, as a drug resistance reversal agent, increased the sensitivity of drug resistant cells to doxorubicin. The mechanisms of actions of Y6 in reversal effect were associated with the decreased expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α and multidrug resistance 1/P-glycoprotein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wen
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, P.R. China.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY 11439, USA
| | - Rui-Qiang Zhao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY 11439, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Preclinical Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, P.R. China
| | - Yun-Kai Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY 11439, USA
| | - Pranav Gupta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY 11439, USA
| | - Li-Xiang Fu
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, P.R. China
| | - An-Zhou Tang
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, P.R. China
| | - Bu-Ming Liu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Quality Standards, Guangxi Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanning 530022, P.R. China
| | - Zhe-Sheng Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY 11439, USA
| | - Dong-Hua Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY 11439, USA
| | - Gang Liang
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, P.R. China
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30
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Zhou L, Lv F, Liu L, Shen G, Yan X, Bazan GC, Wang S. Cross-Linking of Thiolated Paclitaxel-Oligo(p-phenylene vinylene) Conjugates Aggregates inside Tumor Cells Leads to "Chemical Locks" That Increase Drug Efficacy. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:1704888. [PMID: 29341267 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201704888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Revised: 11/12/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
How to reduce the resistance of certain tumor cells to paclitaxel (PTX) and related taxoid anticancer drugs is a major challenge for improving cure rates. An oligo(p-phenylenevinylene) unit with thiol groups and a PTX unit (OPV-S-PTX), which enhances drug efficacy and reverses resistance is thus designed. The mechanism involves diffusion of OPV-S-PTX into the cell, where π-π interactions lead to aggregation. Cross-linking of the aggregates via oxidation of thiol groups is favored in tumor cells because of the higher reactive oxygen species (ROS) concentration. Cross-linked aggregates "chemically lock" the multichromophore particle for a more persistent effect. The IC50 of OPV-S-PTX for tumor cell line A549 is reduced down to 0.33 × 10-9 m from that observed for PTX itself (41 × 10-9 m). Enhanced efficacy by OPV-S-PTX is proposed to proceed via acceleration of microtubule bundle formation. A549/T-inoculated xenograft mice experiments reveal suppression of tumor growth upon OPV-S-PTX treatment. Altogether, these results show that the internal cross-linking of OPV-S-PTX through ROS provides a means to discriminate between tumor and healthy cells and the formation of the chemically locked particles enhances drug efficacy and helps in reducing resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyun Zhou
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Fengting Lv
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Libing Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Guizhi Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Xuehai Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Guillermo C Bazan
- Departments of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Materials, Center for Polymers and Organic Solids, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106-9510, USA
| | - Shu Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
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31
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Ding S, Bierbach U. Linker design for the modular assembly of multifunctional and targeted platinum(ii)-containing anticancer agents. Dalton Trans 2018; 45:13104-13. [PMID: 27251881 DOI: 10.1039/c6dt01399f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
A versatile and efficient modular synthetic platform was developed for assembling multifunctional conjugates and targeted forms of platinum-(benz)acridines, a class of highly cytotoxic DNA-targeted hybrid agents. The synthetic strategy involved amide coupling between succinyl ester-modified platinum compounds (P1, P2) and a set of 11 biologically relevant primary and secondary amines (N1-N11). To demonstrate the feasibility and versatility of the approach, a structurally and functionally diverse range of amines was introduced. These include biologically active molecules, such as rucaparib (a PARP inhibitor), E/Z-endoxifen (an estrogen receptor antagonist), and a quinazoline-based tyrosine kinase inhibitor. Micro-scale reactions in Eppendorf tubes or on 96-well plates were used to screen for optimal coupling conditions in DMF solution with carbodiimide-, uronium-, and phosphonium-based compounds, as well as other common coupling reagents. Reactions with the phosphonium-based coupling reagent PyBOP produced the highest yields and gave the cleanest conversions. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that the chemistry can also be performed in aqueous media and is amenable to parallel synthesis based on multiple consecutive reactions in DMF in a "one-tube" format. In-line LC-MS was used to assess the stability of the conjugates in physiologically relevant buffers. Hydrolysis of the conjugates occurs at the ester moiety and is facilitated by the aquated metal moiety under low-chloride ion conditions. The rate of ester cleavage greatly depends on the nature of the amine component. Potential applications of the linker technology are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ding
- Department of Chemistry, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27109, USA.
| | - U Bierbach
- Department of Chemistry, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27109, USA. and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157, USA
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32
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Waghray D, Zhang Q. Inhibit or Evade Multidrug Resistance P-Glycoprotein in Cancer Treatment. J Med Chem 2017; 61:5108-5121. [PMID: 29251920 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b01457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 244] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Multidrug resistance (MDR) is a major cause of failure in cancer chemotherapy. P-glycoprotein (P-gp), a promiscuous drug efflux pump, has been extensively studied for its association with MDR due to overexpression in cancer cells. Several P-gp inhibitors or modulators have been investigated in clinical trials in hope of circumventing MDR, with only limited success. Alternative strategies are actively pursued, such as the modification of existing drugs, development of new drugs, or combination of novel drug delivery agents to evade P-gp-dependent efflux. Despite the importance and numerous studies, these efforts have mostly been undertaken without a priori knowledge of how drugs interact with P-gp at the molecular level. This review highlights and discusses progress toward and challenges impeding drug development for inhibiting or evading P-gp in the context of our improved understanding of the structural basis and mechanism of P-gp-mediated MDR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepali Waghray
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology , The Scripps Research Institute , La Jolla , California 92037 , United States
| | - Qinghai Zhang
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology , The Scripps Research Institute , La Jolla , California 92037 , United States
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33
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Wang T, Bemis G, Hanzelka B, Zuccola H, Wynn M, Moody CS, Green J, Locher C, Liu A, Gao H, Xu Y, Wang S, Wang J, Bennani YL, Thomson JA, Müh U. Mtb PKNA/PKNB Dual Inhibition Provides Selectivity Advantages for Inhibitor Design To Minimize Host Kinase Interactions. ACS Med Chem Lett 2017; 8:1224-1229. [PMID: 29259738 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.7b00239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug resistant tuberculosis (TB) infections are on the rise and antibiotics that inhibit Mycobacterium tuberculosis through a novel mechanism could be an important component of evolving TB therapy. Protein kinase A (PknA) and protein kinase B (PknB) are both essential serine-threonine kinases in M. tuberculosis. Given the extensive knowledge base in kinase inhibition, these enzymes present an interesting opportunity for antimycobacterial drug discovery. This study focused on targeting both PknA and PknB while improving the selectivity window over related mammalian kinases. Compounds achieved potent inhibition (Ki ≈ 5 nM) of both PknA and PknB. A binding pocket unique to mycobacterial kinases was identified. Substitutions that filled this pocket resulted in a 100-fold differential against a broad selection of mammalian kinases. Reducing lipophilicity improved antimycobacterial activity with the most potent compounds achieving minimum inhibitory concentrations ranging from 3 to 5 μM (1-2 μg/mL) against the H37Ra isolate of M. tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiansheng Wang
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated, 50 Northern Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| | - Guy Bemis
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated, 50 Northern Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| | - Brian Hanzelka
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated, 50 Northern Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| | - Harmon Zuccola
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated, 50 Northern Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| | - Michael Wynn
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated, 50 Northern Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| | - Cameron Stuver Moody
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated, 50 Northern Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| | - Jeremy Green
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated, 50 Northern Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| | - Christopher Locher
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated, 50 Northern Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| | - Aixiang Liu
- Shanghai ChemPartner Co. Ltd., 998 Halei Road, Pudong New Area, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Hongwu Gao
- Shanghai ChemPartner Co. Ltd., 998 Halei Road, Pudong New Area, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yuzhou Xu
- Shanghai ChemPartner Co. Ltd., 998 Halei Road, Pudong New Area, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Shaohui Wang
- Shanghai ChemPartner Co. Ltd., 998 Halei Road, Pudong New Area, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Shanghai ChemPartner Co. Ltd., 998 Halei Road, Pudong New Area, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Youssef L. Bennani
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated, 50 Northern Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| | - John A. Thomson
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated, 50 Northern Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| | - Ute Müh
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated, 50 Northern Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
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Shi NQ, Li Y, Zhang Y, Shen N, Qi L, Wang SR, Qi XR. Intelligent "Peptide-Gathering Mechanical Arm" Tames Wild "Trojan-Horse" Peptides for the Controlled Delivery of Cancer Nanotherapeutics. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:41767-41781. [PMID: 29161013 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b15523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs), also called "Trojan-Horse" peptides, have been used for facilitating intracellular delivery of numerous diverse cargoes and even nanocarriers. However, the lack of targeting specificity ("wildness" or nonselectivity) of CPP-nanocarriers remains an intractable challenge for many in vivo applications. In this work, we used an intelligent "peptide-gathering mechanical arm" (Int PMA) to curb CPPs' wildness and enhance the selectivity of R9-liposome-based cargo delivery for tumor targeting. The peptide NGR, serving as a cell-targeting peptide for anchoring, and peptide PLGLAG, serving as a substrate peptide for deanchoring, were embedded in the Int PMA motif. The Int PMA construct was designed to be sensitive to tumor microenvironmental stimuli, including aminopeptidase N (CD13) and matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-2/9). Moreover, Int PMA could be specifically recognized by tumor tissues via CD13-mediated anchoring and released for cell entry by MMP-2/9-mediated deanchoring. To test the Int PMA design, a series of experiments were conducted in vitro and in vivo. Functional conjugates Int PMA-R9-poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)2000-distearoylphosphatidyl-ethanolamine (DSPE) and R9-PEG2000-DSPE were synthesized by Michael addition reaction and were characterized by thin-layer chromatography and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry. The Int PMA-R9-modified doxorubicin-loaded liposomes (Int PMA-R9-Lip-DOX) exhibited a proper particle diameter (approximately 155 nm) with in vitro sustained release characteristics. Cleavage assay showed that Int PMA-R9 peptide molecules could be cleaved by MMP-2/9 for completion of deanchoring. Flow cytometry and confocal microscopy studies indicated that Int PMA-R9-Lip-DOX can respond to both endogenous and exogenous stimuli in the presence/absence of excess MMP-2/9 and MMP-2/9 inhibitor (GM6001) and effectively function under competitive receptor-binding conditions. Moreover, Int PMA-R9-Lip-DOX generated more significant subcellular dispersions that were especially evident within endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and Golgi apparatus. Notably, Int PMA-R9-Lip-DOX could induce enhanced apoptosis, during which caspase 3/7 might be activated. In addition, Int PMA-R9-Lip-DOX displayed enhanced in vitro and in vivo antitumor efficacy versus "wild" R9-Lip-DOX. On the basis of investigations at the molecular level, cellular level, and animals' level, the control of Int PMA was effective and promoted selective delivery of R9-liposome cargo to the target site and reduced nonspecific uptake. This Int PMA-controlled strategy based on aminopeptidase-guided anchoring and protease-triggered deanchoring effectively curbed the wildness of CPPs and bolstered their effectiveness for in vivo delivery of nanotherapeutics. The specific nanocarrier delivery system used here could be adapted using a variety of intelligent designs based on combinations of multifunctional peptides that would specifically and preferentially bind to tumors versus nontumor tissues for tumor-localized accumulation in vivo. Thus, CPPs have a strong advantage for the development of intelligent nanomedicines for targeted tumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nian-Qiu Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University , Tianjin 300071, China
| | | | - Yong Zhang
- College of Life Science, Jilin University , 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, Jilin Province, China
| | | | | | | | - Xian-Rong Qi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Peking University , Beijing 100191, China
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Duan Z, Chen C, Qin J, Liu Q, Wang Q, Xu X, Wang J. Cell-penetrating peptide conjugates to enhance the antitumor effect of paclitaxel on drug-resistant lung cancer. Drug Deliv 2017; 24:752-764. [PMID: 28468542 PMCID: PMC8253140 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2017.1321060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Revised: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
To conquer the drug resistance of tumors and the poor solubility of paclitaxel (PTX), two PTX-cell-penetrating peptide conjugates (PTX-CPPs), PTX-TAT and PTX-LMWP, were synthesized and evaluated for the first time. Compared with free PTX, PTX-CPPs displayed significantly enhanced cellular uptake, elevated cell toxicity, increased cell apoptosis, and decreased mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm) in both A549 and A549T cells. PTX-LMWP exhibited a stronger inhibitory effect than PTX-TAT in A549T cells. Analysis of cell-cycle distribution showed that PTX-LMWP influenced mitosis in drug-resistant A549T tumor cells via a different mechanism than PTX. PTX-CPPs were more efficient in inhibiting tumor growth in tumor-bearing mice than free PTX, which suggested their better in vivo antitumor efficacy. Hence, this study demonstrates that PTX-CPPs, particularly PTX-LMWP, have outstanding potential for inhibiting the growth of tumors and are a promising approach for treating lung cancer, especially drug-resistant lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqing Duan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University & Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Cuitian Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University & Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Jing Qin
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University & Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Qi Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University & Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Qi Wang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, PR China, and
| | - Xinchun Xu
- Shanghai Xuhui Central Hospital, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Jianxin Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University & Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, PR China
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Lelle M, Freidel C, Kaloyanova S, Müllen K, Peneva K. Multivalency: Key Feature in Overcoming Drug Resistance with a Cleavable Cell-Penetrating Peptide-Doxorubicin Conjugate. Int J Pept Res Ther 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10989-017-9622-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Yao J, Ma Y, Zhang W, Li L, Zhang Y, Zhang L, Liu H, Ni J, Wang R. Design of new acid-activated cell-penetrating peptides for tumor drug delivery. PeerJ 2017; 5:e3429. [PMID: 28603674 PMCID: PMC5465999 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.3429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
TH(AGYLLGHINLHHLAHL(Aib)HHIL-NH2), a histidine-rich, cell-penetrating peptide with acid-activated pH response, designed and synthesized by our group, can effectively target tumor tissues with an acidic extracellular environment. Since the protonating effect of histidine plays a critical role in the acid-activated, cell-penetrating ability of TH, we designed a series of new histidine substituents by introducing electron donating groups (Ethyl, Isopropyl, Butyl) to the C-2 position of histidine. This resulted in an enhanced pH-response and improved the application of TH in tumor-targeted delivery systems. The substituents were further utilized to form the corresponding TH analogs (Ethyl-TH, Isopropyl-TH and Butyl-TH), making them easier to protonate for positive charge in acidic tumor microenvironments. The pH-dependent cellular uptake efficiencies of new TH analogs were further evaluated using flow cytometry and confocal laser scanning microscopy, demonstrating that ethyl-TH and butyl-TH had an optimal pH-response in an acidic environment. Importantly, the new TH analogs exhibited relatively lower toxicity than TH. In addition, these new TH analogs were linked to the antitumor drug camptothecin (CPT), while butyl-TH modified conjugate presented a remarkably stronger pH-dependent cytotoxicity to cancer cells than TH and the other conjugates. In short, our work opens a new avenue for the development of improved acid-activated, cell-penetrating peptides as efficient anticancer drug delivery vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Yao
- The First Hospital, Lanzhou University, Lan Zhou, Gansu Province, China
| | - Yinyun Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lan Zhou, Gansu Province, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University, Lan Zhou, Gansu Province, China
| | - Li Li
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lan Zhou, Gansu Province, China
| | - Yun Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lan Zhou, Gansu Province, China
| | - Li Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lan Zhou, Gansu Province, China
| | - Hui Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lan Zhou, Gansu Province, China
| | - Jingman Ni
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lan Zhou, Gansu Province, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University, Lan Zhou, Gansu Province, China
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miR-30a-5p enhances paclitaxel sensitivity in non-small cell lung cancer through targeting BCL-2 expression. J Mol Med (Berl) 2017; 95:861-871. [PMID: 28487996 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-017-1539-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Revised: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Paclitaxel, either as monotherapy or combined with other agents, is the standard treatment for advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), the most common type of lung cancer. However, both de novo and acquired resistance against paclitaxel frequently occurs and represents a huge clinical problem. The underlying mechanisms remain poorly characterized. Here, by comparing microRNA (miRNA) expression levels using miRNA arrays, we observed differential expression of miR-30a-5p in two independent lung cancer cell pairs (paclitaxel-resistant vs paclitaxel-sensitive A549 cell lines). Overexpression of miR-30a-5p sensitizes NSCLC cells to paclitaxel both in vitro and in vivo. In addition, miR-30a-5p increases paclitaxel sensitivity by promoting chemotherapy-induced apoptosis via downregulating BCL-2, a key apoptosis regulator. High miR-30a-5p expression is positively correlated with enhanced responsiveness to paclitaxel and predicts a more favorable clinical outcome in NSCLC patients. Moreover, miR-30a-5p expression is negatively correlated with BCL-2 expression in NSCLC tissues. These data indicate that miR-30a-5p may be useful to treat paclitaxel-resistant lung cancer and may also provide a biomarker to predict paclitaxel responsiveness in lung cancer. KEY MESSAGES BCL-2 is a novel direct target of miR-30a-5p. miR-30a-5p enhances NSCLC paclitaxel sensitivity in vitro and in vivo. miR-30a-5p sensitizes NSCLC cells to paclitaxel by inducing apoptosis through BCL-2 inhibition. miR-30a-5p negatively correlates with BCL-2 and predicts a favorable clinical outcome in NSCLC patients.
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Shen J, Wolfram J, Ferrari M, Shen H. Taking the vehicle out of drug delivery. MATERIALS TODAY (KIDLINGTON, ENGLAND) 2017; 20:95-97. [PMID: 28522922 PMCID: PMC5431297 DOI: 10.1016/j.mattod.2017.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jianliang Shen
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Hospital Research Institute, Houston 77030, USA
| | - Joy Wolfram
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Hospital Research Institute, Houston 77030, USA
| | - Mauro Ferrari
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Hospital Research Institute, Houston 77030, USA
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York 10065, USA
| | - Haifa Shen
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Hospital Research Institute, Houston 77030, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York 10065, USA
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Wang Y, Cheetham AG, Angacian G, Su H, Xie L, Cui H. Peptide-drug conjugates as effective prodrug strategies for targeted delivery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2017; 110-111:112-126. [PMID: 27370248 PMCID: PMC5199637 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2016.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 324] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Revised: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Peptide-drug conjugates (PDCs) represent an important class of therapeutic agents that combine one or more drug molecules with a short peptide through a biodegradable linker. This prodrug strategy uniquely and specifically exploits the biological activities and self-assembling potential of small-molecule peptides to improve the treatment efficacy of medicinal compounds. We review here the recent progress in the design and synthesis of peptide-drug conjugates in the context of targeted drug delivery and cancer chemotherapy. We analyze carefully the key design features in choosing the peptide sequence and linker chemistry for the drug of interest, as well as the strategies to optimize the conjugate design. We highlight the recent progress in the design and synthesis of self-assembling peptide-drug amphiphiles to construct supramolecular nanomedicine and nanofiber hydrogels for both systemic and topical delivery of active pharmaceutical ingredients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; Institute for NanoBioTechnology, The Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Andrew G Cheetham
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; Institute for NanoBioTechnology, The Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Garren Angacian
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Hao Su
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; Institute for NanoBioTechnology, The Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Lisi Xie
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; Institute for NanoBioTechnology, The Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Honggang Cui
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; Institute for NanoBioTechnology, The Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; Department of Oncology and Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Center for Nanomedicine, The Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 400 North Broadway, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
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Feni L, Neundorf I. The Current Role of Cell-Penetrating Peptides in Cancer Therapy. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 1030:279-295. [PMID: 29081059 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-66095-0_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) are a heterogeneous class of peptides with the ability to translocate across the plasma membrane and to carry attached cargos inside the cell. Two main entry pathways are discussed, as direct translocation and endocytosis , whereas the latter is often favored when bulky cargos are added to the CPP. Attachment to the CPP can be achieved by means of covalent coupling or non-covalent complex formation, depending on the chemical nature of the cargo. Owing to their striking abilities the further development and application of CPP-based delivery strategies has steadily emerged during the past years. However, one main pitfall when using CPPs is their non-selective uptake in nearly all types of cells. Thus, one particular interest lies in the design of targeting strategies that help to circumvent this drawback but still benefit from the potent delivery abilities of CPPs. The following review aims to summarize some of these very recent concepts and to highlight the current role of CPPs in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Feni
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry, University of Cologne, Zuelpicherstr. 47a, D-50674, Cologne, Germany
| | - Ines Neundorf
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry, University of Cologne, Zuelpicherstr. 47a, D-50674, Cologne, Germany.
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Niazi M, Zakeri-Milani P, Najafi Hajivar S, Soleymani Goloujeh M, Ghobakhlou N, Shahbazi Mojarrad J, Valizadeh H. Nano-based strategies to overcome p-glycoprotein-mediated drug resistance. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2016; 12:1021-33. [PMID: 27267126 DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2016.1196186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The discussion about cancer treatment has a long history. Chemotherapy, one of the promising approaches in cancer therapy, is limited in the clinic as plenty of factors evolve and prevent appropriate therapeutic response to drugs. Multi-drug resistance (MDR), which is mostly P-glycoprotein-mediated, is described as the most well-known impediment in this contribution. It extrudes several agents out of cells, arising MDR and decreasing the bioavailability of drugs. Hence, cancer cells become insensitive to chemotherapy. AREAS COVERED Many agents have been developed to reverse MDR, but it is difficult to deliver them into cancer sites and cancer cells. The emerging nano-based drug delivery systems have been more effective to overcome P-glycoprotein-mediated MDR by increasing the intracellular delivery of these agents. Here, we represent systems including siRNA-targeted inhibition of P-gp, monoclonal antibodies, natural extracts, conventional inhibitors, hard nanoparticles and soft nanoparticles as delivery systems in addition to a novel approach applying cell penetrating peptides. EXPERT OPINION Overcoming cancer drug resistance using innovative nanotechnology is being increasingly used and developed. Among resistance mechanisms, drug efflux transporter inhibitors and MDR gene expression silencing are among the those being investigated. In the near future, it seems some of these nanomedical approaches might become the mainstay of effective treatment of important human conditions like cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehri Niazi
- a Student Research Committee, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences and Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology , Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran
| | - Parvin Zakeri-Milani
- b Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Center and Faculty of Pharmacy , Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran
| | - Saeedeh Najafi Hajivar
- a Student Research Committee, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences and Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology , Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran
| | - Mehdi Soleymani Goloujeh
- a Student Research Committee, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences and Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology , Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran
| | - Nasrin Ghobakhlou
- a Student Research Committee, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences and Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology , Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran
| | - Javid Shahbazi Mojarrad
- c Drug Applied Research Center and Faculty of Pharmacy , Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran
| | - Hadi Valizadeh
- c Drug Applied Research Center and Faculty of Pharmacy , Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran
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Zhao Y, Wang W, Guo S, Wang Y, Miao L, Xiong Y, Huang L. PolyMetformin combines carrier and anticancer activities for in vivo siRNA delivery. Nat Commun 2016; 7:11822. [PMID: 27264609 PMCID: PMC4897747 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms11822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Metformin, a widely implemented anti-diabetic drug, exhibits potent anticancer efficacies. Herein a polymeric construction of Metformin, PolyMetformin (PolyMet) is successfully synthesized through conjugation of linear polyethylenimine (PEI) with dicyandiamide. The delocalization of cationic charges in the biguanide groups of PolyMet reduces the toxicity of PEI both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, the polycationic properties of PolyMet permits capture of siRNA into a core-membrane structured lipid-polycation-hyaluronic acid (LPH) nanoparticle for systemic gene delivery. Advances herein permit LPH-PolyMet nanoparticles to facilitate VEGF siRNA delivery for VEGF knockdown in a human lung cancer xenograft, leading to enhanced tumour suppressive efficacy. Even in the absence of RNAi, LPH-PolyMet nanoparticles act similarly to Metformin and induce antitumour efficacy through activation of the AMPK and inhibition of the mTOR. In essence, PolyMet successfully combines the intrinsic anticancer efficacy of Metformin with the capacity to carry siRNA to enhance the therapeutic activity of an anticancer gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhao
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Wei Wang
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Shutao Guo
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Yuhua Wang
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Lei Miao
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Yang Xiong
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, Zhejiang, China
| | - Leaf Huang
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
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Fan Z, Cui H, Yu H, Ji Q, Kang L, Han B, Wang J, Dong Q, Li Y, Yan Z, Yan X, Zhang X, Lin Z, Hu Y, Jiao S. MiR-125a promotes paclitaxel sensitivity in cervical cancer through altering STAT3 expression. Oncogenesis 2016; 5:e197. [PMID: 26878391 PMCID: PMC5154343 DOI: 10.1038/oncsis.2016.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Revised: 11/07/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer (CC) is one of the most common malignancies in women. Paclitaxel is the front-line chemotherapeutic agent for treating CC. However, its therapeutic efficacy is limited because of chemoresistance, the mechanism of which remains poorly understood. Here, we used microRNA (miRNA) arrays to compare miRNA expression levels in the CC cell lines, HeLa and CaSki, with their paclitaxel resistance counterparts, HeLa/PR and CaSki/PR. We demonstrate that miR-125a was one of most significantly downregulated miRNAs in paclitaxel-resistant cells, which also acquired cisplatin resistance. And that the upregulation of miR-125a sensitized HeLa/PR and CaSki/PR cells to paclitaxel both in vitro and in vivo and to cisplatin in vitro. Moreover, we determined that miR-125a increased paclitaxel and cisplatin sensitivity by downregulating STAT3. MiR-125a enhanced paclitaxel and cisplatin sensitivity by promoting chemotherapy-induced apoptosis. Clinically, miR-125a expression was associated with an increased responsiveness to paclitaxel combined with cisplatin and a more favorable outcome. These data indicate that miR-125a may be a useful method to enable treatment of chemoresistant CC and may also provide a biomarker for predicting paclitaxel and cisplatin responsiveness in CC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Fan
- Department of Oncology, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - H Cui
- Department of Oncology, 309th Hospital of PLA, Beijing, China
| | - H Yu
- Department of Oncology, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Q Ji
- Department of Orthopedics, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - L Kang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - B Han
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, 264th Hospital of PLA, Shanxi, China
| | - J Wang
- Department of Oncology, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Q Dong
- Department of Oncology, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Y Li
- Department of Oncology, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Z Yan
- Department of Oncology, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - X Yan
- Department of Oncology, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - X Zhang
- Department of Oncology, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Z Lin
- Department of Oncology, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Y Hu
- Department of Oncology, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - S Jiao
- Department of Oncology, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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Berlinck RGS, Romminger S. The chemistry and biology of guanidine natural products. Nat Prod Rep 2016; 33:456-90. [DOI: 10.1039/c5np00108k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The present review discusses the isolation, structure determination, synthesis, biosynthesis and biological activities of secondary metabolites bearing a guanidine group.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stelamar Romminger
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos
- Universidade de São Paulo
- São Carlos
- Brazil
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46
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Alken SP, D'Urso P, Saran FH. Managing teenage/young adult (TYA) brain tumors: a UK perspective. CNS Oncol 2015; 4:235-46. [PMID: 26118974 DOI: 10.2217/cns.15.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumors of the CNS are among the commonest malignancies occurring in teenage/young adult patients (i.e., those aged between 15 and 24 years). The treatment of this patient population is challenging. Adolescence and young adulthood are a turbulent period of life, with physical, emotional, social and cognitive changes. Best practice advocates their treatment in dedicated teenage/young adult units, with multidisciplinary team input and access to clinical trials. Treatment of CNS malignancies is dependent upon histological subtype and staging, with varying combinations of surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy used. Clinical trials directly targeted at this patient population are rare; treatments are based on pediatric protocols as studies have demonstrated improved outcomes in patients (with other malignancies) treated as such. Scope for improvement lies in minimizing patient risk of recurrence and long-term sequelae of treatment. Molecular characterization of tumors may provide further information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scheryll P Alken
- Department of Neuro Oncology, Royal Marsden Hospital, Sutton, UK
| | - Pietro D'Urso
- Department of Neurosurgery, Salford Royal Hospital Foundation Trust, Salford, UK
| | - Frank H Saran
- Department of Neuro Oncology, Royal Marsden Hospital, Sutton, UK
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Wen J, Zhang T, Shan ZM, Qi MY, Xiu HH, Liu L, Wu SZ, Jia Z, Xu KQ. Butorphanol, a synthetic opioid, sensitizes ABCB1-mediated multidrug resistance via inhibition of the efflux function of ABCB1 in leukemia cells. Oncol Rep 2015; 34:755-62. [PMID: 26062728 DOI: 10.3892/or.2015.4052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Multidrug resistance (MDR) remains a formidable challenge in the use of chemotherapy and represents a powerful obstacle to the treatment of leukemia. ATP-binding cassette subfamily B member 1 (ABCB1) is a recognized factor which causes MDR and is closely related to poor outcome and relapse in leukemia. Ongoing research concerning the strategy for inhibiting the abnormally high activity of the ABCB1 transporter is critically needed. In the present study, we sought to elucidate the interaction between ABCB1 transporter and butorphanol. Our results showed that butorphanol significantly antagonized ABCB1-mediated drug efflux and increased the intracellular drug concentration by inhibiting the transport activity of ABCB1 in leukemia cells. Mechanistic investigations demonstrated that butorphanol did not alter the protein expression or localization of ABCB1 in HL60/VCR and K562/ADR cells. Furthermore, homology modeling indicated that butorphanol could fit into the large drug-binding cavity of ABCB1 and form a binding conformation. In conclusion, butorphanol reversed the ABCB1-mediated MDR in leukemia cells by directly suppressing the efflux activity of ABCB1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wen
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Ming Shan
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Min-Yue Qi
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Huan-Huan Xiu
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Lei Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Qinghai University Affiliated Hospital, Xining, Qinghai 810001, P.R. China
| | - Shi-Zhe Wu
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Zhen Jia
- Department of Anesthesiology, Qinghai University Affiliated Hospital, Xining, Qinghai 810001, P.R. China
| | - Kang-Qing Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
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48
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Salvio R. The guanidinium unit in the catalysis of phosphoryl transfer reactions: from molecular spacers to nanostructured supports. Chemistry 2015; 21:10960-71. [PMID: 25940903 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201500789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Examples of guanidinium-based artificial phosphodiesterases are illustrated in this review article. A wide set of collected catalytic systems are presented, from the early examples to the most recent developments of the use of this unit in the design of supramolecular catalysts. Special attention is dedicated to illustrate the operating catalytic mechanism and the role of guanidine/ium units in the catalysis. One or more of these units can act by themselves or in conjunction with other active units. The analogy with the mechanism of enzymatic systems is presented and discussed. In the last part of this overview, recent examples of guanidinophosphodiesterases based on nanostructured supports are reported, namely gold-monolayer-protected clusters and polymer brushes grafted to silica nanoparticles. The issue of the dependence of the catalytic performance on the preorganization of the spacer is tackled and discussed in terms of effective molarity, a parameter that can be taken as a quantitative measurement of this preorganization for both conventional molecular linker and nanosized supports.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Salvio
- Dipartimento di Chimica and IMC-CNR, Sezione Meccanismi di Reazione, La Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 (Italy).
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Vokatá T, Twomey M, Mendez E, Moon JH. Synthesis of biodegradable conjugated polymers with controlled backbone flexibility. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.27622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tereza Vokatá
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry; Florida International University; 11200 SW 8th Street Miami Florida 33199
| | - Megan Twomey
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry; Florida International University; 11200 SW 8th Street Miami Florida 33199
| | - Eladio Mendez
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry; Florida International University; 11200 SW 8th Street Miami Florida 33199
| | - Joong Ho Moon
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry; Florida International University; 11200 SW 8th Street Miami Florida 33199
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