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Graceffa V. Intracellular protein delivery: New insights into the therapeutic applications and emerging technologies. Biochimie 2023; 213:82-99. [PMID: 37209808 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2023.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The inability to cross the plasma membranes traditionally limited the therapeutic use of recombinant proteins. However, in the last two decades, novel technologies made delivering proteins inside the cells possible. This allowed researchers to unlock intracellular targets, once considered 'undruggable', bringing a new research area to emerge. Protein transfection systems display a large potential in a plethora of applications. However, their modality of action is often unclear, and cytotoxic effects are elevated, whereas experimental conditions to increase transfection efficacy and cell viability still need to be identified. Furthermore, technical complexity often limits in vivo experimentation, while challenging industrial and clinical translation. This review highlights the applications of protein transfection technologies, and then critically discuss the current methodologies and their limitations. Physical membrane perforation systems are compared to systems exploiting cellular endocytosis. Research evidence of the existence of either extracellular vesicles (EVs) or cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs)- based systems, that circumvent the endosomal systems is critically analysed. Commercial systems, novel solid-phase reverse protein transfection systems, and engineered living intracellular bacteria-based mechanisms are finally described. This review ultimately aims at finding new methodologies and possible applications of protein transfection systems, while helping the development of an evidence-based research approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Graceffa
- Cellular Health and Toxicology Research Group (CHAT), Centre for Mathematical Modelling and Intelligent Systems for Health and Environment (MISHE), Atlantic Technological University (ATU), Sligo, Ireland.
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2
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Huang CW, Chang YH, Lee HH, Wu JY, Huang JX, Chung YH, Hsu ST, Chow LP, Wei KC, Huang FT. Irisin, an exercise myokine, potently suppresses tumor proliferation, invasion, and growth in glioma. FASEB J 2020; 34:9678-9693. [PMID: 32469121 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202000573rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme is the most common and aggressive glial tumor with poor prognosis. Importantly, effective treatment options for glioblastoma are unmet needs. Obesity and low physical activity have been linked with a high risk of cancer, and exercise is related to delayed cancer development and progression. Epidemiological studies have revealed a correlation between exercise and the survival rate of patients with glioblastoma. Nevertheless, the mechanisms by which exercise exerts its anticancer effects in glioblastoma remain unclear. Here, we found that irisin, an exercise-induced myokine, induced G2 /M cell cycle arrest and increased p21 levels in glioblastoma cells, leading to the inhibition of cell proliferation. In addition, irisin inhibited glioblastoma cell invasion by upregulating TFPI-2 and even reversed the aggressive tumor phenotype promoted by co-cultivation with cancer-associated adipocytes. Furthermore, irisin retarded xenograft glioblastoma tumor growth, and radiolabeled irisin demonstrated specific tumor-targeting capability in vivo. Therefore, this study identified one potential molecular mechanism by which exercise prevents cancer progression via irisin. Intriguingly, irisin has the potential to be developed as a molecular imaging and therapeutic anticancer agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiun-Wei Huang
- Center for Advanced Molecular Imaging and Translation (CAMIT), Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsuan Chang
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsuan-Hung Lee
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Yi Wu
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Xing Huang
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsiu Chung
- Center for Advanced Molecular Imaging and Translation (CAMIT), Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Ting Hsu
- Center for Advanced Molecular Imaging and Translation (CAMIT), Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Lu-Ping Chow
- Graduate Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Chen Wei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Feng-Ting Huang
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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3
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Owen J, Thomas E, Menon J, Gray M, Skaripa-Koukelli I, Gill MR, Wallington S, Miller RL, Vallis KA, Carlisle R. Indium-111 labelling of liposomal HEGF for radionuclide delivery via ultrasound-induced cavitation. J Control Release 2020; 319:222-233. [PMID: 31891732 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2019.12.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this exploratory study was to investigate the combination of a radiopharmaceutical, nanoparticles and ultrasound (US) enhanced delivery to develop a clinically viable therapeutic strategy for tumours overexpressing the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Molecularly targeted radionuclides have great potential for cancer therapy but are sometimes associated with insufficient delivery resulting in sub-cytotoxic amounts of radioactivity being delivered to the tumour. Liposome formulations are currently used in the clinic to reduce the side effects and improve the pharmacokinetic profile of chemotherapeutic drugs. However, in contrast to non-radioactive agents, loading and release of radiotherapeutics from liposomes can be challenging in the clinical setting. US-activated cavitation agents such as microbubbles (MBs) have been used to release therapeutics from liposomes to enhance the distribution/delivery in a target area. In an effort to harness the benefits of these techniques, the development of a liposome loaded radiopharmaceutical construct for enhanced delivery via acoustic cavitation was studied. The liposomal formulation was loaded with peptide, human epidermal growth factor (HEGF), coupled to a chelator for subsequent radiolabelling with 111Indium ([111In]In3+), in a manner designed to be compatible with preparation in a radiopharmacy. Liposomes were efficiently radiolabelled (57%) within 1 h, with release of ~12% of the radiopeptide following a 20 s exposure to US-mediated cavitation in vitro. In clonogenic studies this level of release resulted in cytotoxicity specifically in cells over-expressing the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), with over 99% reduction in colony survival compared to controls. The formulation extended the circulation time and changed the biodistribution compared to the non-liposomal radiopeptide in vivo, although interestingly the biodistribution did not resemble that of liposome constructs currently used in the clinic. Cavitation of MBs co-injected with liposomes into tumours expressing high levels of EGFR resulted in a 2-fold enhancement in tumour uptake within 20 min. However, owing to the poor vascularisation of the tumour model used the same level of uptake was achieved without US after 24 h. By combining acoustic-cavitation-sensitive liposomes with radiopharmaceuticals this research represents a new concept in achieving targeted delivery of radiopharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Owen
- Department of Engineering Science, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK.
| | - Eloise Thomas
- CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Jyothi Menon
- CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK; College of Pharmacy, The University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
| | - Michael Gray
- Department of Engineering Science, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Irini Skaripa-Koukelli
- CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Martin R Gill
- CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Sheena Wallington
- CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Rebecca L Miller
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Katherine A Vallis
- CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Robert Carlisle
- Department of Engineering Science, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
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Focused Ultrasonography-Mediated Blood-Brain Barrier Disruption in the Enhancement of Delivery of Brain Tumor Therapies. World Neurosurg 2019; 131:65-75. [PMID: 31323404 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2019.07.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most common intracranial malignancy in adults and carries a poor prognosis. Chemotherapeutic treatment figures prominently in the management of primary and recurrent disease. However, the blood-brain barrier presents a significant and formidable impediment to the entry of oncotherapeutic compounds to target tumor tissue. Several strategies have been developed to effect disruption of the blood-brain barrier and in turn enhance the efficacy of cytotoxic chemotherapy, as well as newly developed biologic agents. Focused ultrasonography is one such treatment modality, using acoustic cavitation of parenterally administered microbubbles to mechanically effect disruption of the vascular endothelium. We review and discuss the preclinical and clinical studies evaluating the biophysical basis for, and efficacy of, focused ultrasonography in the enhancement of oncotherapeutic agent delivery. Further, we provide some perspectives regarding future directions for the role of focused ultrasound in facilitating and improving the safe and effective delivery of oncotherapeutic agents in the treatment of glioblastoma.
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5
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Peng SL, Chiu H, Wu CY, Huang CW, Chung YH, Shih CT, Shen WC. The effect of caffeine on cerebral metabolism during alpha-chloralose anesthesia differs from isoflurane anesthesia in the rat brain. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2019; 236:1749-1757. [PMID: 30604185 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-018-5157-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Caffeine is a widely studied psychostimulant, even though its exact effect on brain activity remains to be elucidated. Positron emission tomography (PET) allows studying mechanisms underlying cerebral metabolic responses to caffeine in caffeine-naïve rats. Rodent studies are typically performed under anesthesia. However, the anesthesia may affect neurotransmitter systems targeted by tested drugs. OBJECTIVES The scope of the present study was to address the impairing or enhancing effect of two common anesthetics, alpha-chloralose and isoflurane, on the kinetics of caffeine. METHODS The first group of rats (n = 15) were anesthetized under 1.5% isoflurane anesthesia. The second group of rats (n = 15) were anesthetized under alpha-chloralose (80 mg/kg). These rats received an intravenous injection of saline (n = 5) or of 2.5 mg/kg (n = 5) or 40 mg/kg (n = 5) caffeine for both groups. RESULTS With 2.5 mg/kg or 40 mg/kg caffeine, whole-brain cerebral metabolism was significantly reduced by 17.2% and 17% (both P < 0.01), respectively, under alpha-chloralose anesthesia. However, the lower dose of caffeine (2.5 mg/kg) had a limited effect on brain metabolism, whereas its higher dose (40 mg/kg) produced enhancements in brain metabolism in the striatum, hippocampus, and thalamus (all P < 0.05) under isoflurane anesthesia. CONCLUSION These findings demonstrate significant differences in brain responses to caffeine on the basic of the anesthesia regimen used, which highlights the importance of attention to the anesthetic used when interpreting findings from animal pharmacological studies because of possible interactions between the anesthetic and the drug under study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin-Lei Peng
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Science, China Medical University, 91 Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan.
| | - Han Chiu
- Center for Advanced Molecular Imaging and Translation, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Yi Wu
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Science, China Medical University, 91 Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan
| | - Chiun-Wei Huang
- Center for Advanced Molecular Imaging and Translation, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsiu Chung
- Center for Advanced Molecular Imaging and Translation, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Ting Shih
- Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wu-Chung Shen
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Science, China Medical University, 91 Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan.,Department of Radiology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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Sultan D, Ye D, Heo GS, Zhang X, Luehmann H, Yue Y, Detering L, Komarov S, Taylor S, Tai YC, Rubin JB, Chen H, Liu Y. Focused Ultrasound Enabled Trans-Blood Brain Barrier Delivery of Gold Nanoclusters: Effect of Surface Charges and Quantification Using Positron Emission Tomography. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2018; 14:e1703115. [PMID: 29966035 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201703115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Revised: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Focused ultrasound (FUS) technology is reported to enhance the delivery of 64 Cu-integrated ultrasmall gold nanoclusters (64 Cu-AuNCs) across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) as measured by positron emission tomography (PET). To better define the optimal physical properties for brain delivery, 64 Cu-AuNCs with different surface charges are synthesized and characterized. In vivo biodistribution studies are performed to compare the individual organ uptake of each type of 64 Cu-AuNCs. Quantitative PET imaging post-FUS treatment shows site-targeted brain penetration, retention, and diffusion of the negative, neutral, and positive 64 Cu-AuNCs. Autoradiography is performed to compare the intrabrain distribution of these nanoclusters. PET Imaging demonstrates the effective BBB opening and successful delivery of 64 Cu-AuNCs into the brain. Of the three 64 Cu-AuNCs investigated, the neutrally charged nanostructure performs the best and is the candidate platform for future theranostic applications in neuro-oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Sultan
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Dezhuang Ye
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Material Science, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Gyu Seong Heo
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Xiaohui Zhang
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Hannah Luehmann
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Yimei Yue
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Lisa Detering
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Sergey Komarov
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Sara Taylor
- Department of Pediatrics and Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Yuan-Chuan Tai
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Joshua B Rubin
- Department of Pediatrics and Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Hong Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Yongjian Liu
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
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Huang YC, Farn SS, Chou YC, Yeh CN, Chang CW, Chung YH, Chen TW, Huang WS, Yu CS. Synthesis of para
-[ 18
F]Fluorofenbufen Octylamide for PET Imaging of Brain Tumors. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.201700300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Cheng Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou; Chang Gung University; Taiwan
| | - Shiou-Shiow Farn
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences; National Tsinghua University; Hsinchu 300 Taiwan
- Isotope Application Division; Institute of Nuclear Energy Research; Taoyuan 32546 Taiwan
| | - Yo-Cheng Chou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences; National Tsinghua University; Hsinchu 300 Taiwan
| | - Chun-Nan Yeh
- Department of Surgery, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou; Chang Gung University; Taiwan
| | - Chi-Wei Chang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine; Veterans General Hospital at Taipei; Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsiu Chung
- Center for Advanced Molecular Imaging and Translation; Chang Gung Memorial Hospital; Taiwan
| | - Tsong-Wen Chen
- Department of Surgery, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou; Chang Gung University; Taiwan
| | - Wen-Sheng Huang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine; Veterans General Hospital at Taipei; Taiwan
| | - Chung-Shan Yu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences; National Tsinghua University; Hsinchu 300 Taiwan
- Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Science; National Tsing-Hua University; Hsinchu 300 Taiwan
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8
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Ye D, Sultan D, Zhang X, Yue Y, Heo GS, Kothapalli SVVN, Luehmann H, Tai YC, Rubin JB, Liu Y, Chen H. Focused ultrasound-enabled delivery of radiolabeled nanoclusters to the pons. J Control Release 2018; 283:143-150. [PMID: 29864474 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2018.05.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Revised: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The goal of this study was to establish the feasibility of integrating focused ultrasound (FUS)-mediated delivery of 64Cu-integrated gold nanoclusters (64Cu-AuNCs) to the pons for in vivo quantification of the nanocluster brain uptake using positron emission tomography (PET) imaging. FUS was targeted at the pons for the blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption in the presence of systemically injected microbubbles, followed by the intravenous injection of 64Cu-AuNCs. The spatiotemporal distribution of the 64Cu-AuNCs in the brain was quantified using in vivo microPET/CT imaging at different time points post injection. Following PET imaging, the accumulation of radioactivity in the pons was further confirmed using autoradiography and gamma counting, and the gold concentration was quantified using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). We found that the noninvasive and localized BBB opening by the FUS successfully delivered the 64Cu-AuNCs to the pons. We also demonstrated that in vivo real-time microPET/CT imaging was a reliable method for monitoring and quantifying the brain uptake of 64Cu-AuNCs delivered by the FUS. This drug delivery platform that integrates FUS, radiolabeled nanoclusters, and PET imaging provides a new strategy for noninvasive and localized nanoparticle delivery to the pons with concurrent in vivo quantitative imaging to evaluate delivery efficiency. The long-term goal is to apply this drug delivery platform to the treatment of pontine gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dezhuang Ye
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Material Science, Washington University in St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Deborah Sultan
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Xiaohui Zhang
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Yimei Yue
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Gyu Seong Heo
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Satya V V N Kothapalli
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Hannah Luehmann
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Yuan-Chuan Tai
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Joshua B Rubin
- Department of Pediatrics, Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Yongjian Liu
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
| | - Hong Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO 63130, USA; Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63108, USA.
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9
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Chang CW, Yeh CN, Chung YH, Chen YR, Tien SW, Chen TW, Farn SS, Huang YC, Yu CS. Synthesis and evaluation of ortho-[ 18F] fluorocelecoxib for COX-2 cholangiocarcinoma imaging. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2018; 12:1467-1478. [PMID: 29872269 PMCID: PMC5973465 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s161718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Background An 18F-tagged NSAID analog was prepared for use as a probe for COX-2 expression, which is associated with tumor development. Methods The in vivo uptake of celecoxib was monitored with ortho-[18F]fluorocelecoxib using positron emission tomography (PET). The binding affinity of ortho-[18F]fluorocelecoxib to COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes were assessed using the competitor celecoxib. Results The IC50 values were 0.039 μM and 0.024 μM, respectively. A selectivity index of 1.63 was obtained (COX-2 vs COX-1). COX-2 overexpressed cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) murine cells took up more ortho-[18F]fluorocelecoxib than that by usual CCA cells from 10 to 60 minutes post incubation. Competitive inhibition (blocking) of the tracer uptake of ortho-[18F]fluorocelecoxib in the presence of celecoxib by the COX-2 overexpressed CCA cells and the usual CCA cells gave the IC50 values of 0.5 μM and 46.5 μM, respectively. Based on the in vitro accumulation data and in vivo metabolism half-life (30 min), PET scanning was performed 30–60 min after the administration of ortho-[18F]fluorocelecoxib through the tail vein. Study of ortho-[18F]F-celecoxib in the CCA rats showed a tumor to normal ratio (T/N) of 1.38±0.23 and uptake dose of 1.14±0.25 (%ID/g). Conclusion The inferior in vivo blocking results of 1.48±0.20 (T/N) and 1.18±0.22 (%ID/g) suggests that the nonspecificity is associated with the complex role of peroxidase or the binding to carbonic anhydrase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Wei Chang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Nan Yeh
- Department of Surgery, Liver Research Center, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsiu Chung
- Center for Advanced Molecular Imaging and Translation, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yong-Ren Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsinghua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Shi-Wei Tien
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsinghua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Wen Chen
- Department of Surgery, Liver Research Center, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Shiou-Shiow Farn
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsinghua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.,Isotope Application Division, Institute of Nuclear Energy Research, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Cheng Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Shan Yu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsinghua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.,Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Science, National Tsinghua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
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10
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Early Response Monitoring Following Radiation Therapy by Using [ 18F]FDG and [ 11C]Acetate PET in Prostate Cancer Xenograft Model with Metabolomics Corroboration. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22111946. [PMID: 29125557 PMCID: PMC6150287 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22111946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Revised: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
We aim to characterize the metabolic changes associated with early response to radiation therapy in a prostate cancer mouse model by 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-d-glucose ([18F]FDG) and [11C]acetate ([11C]ACT) positron emission tomography, with nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) metabolomics corroboration. [18F]FDG and [11C]ACT PET were performed before and following irradiation (RT, 15Gy) for transgenic adenocarcinoma of mouse prostate xenografts. The underlying metabolomics alterations of tumor tissues were analyzed by using ex vivo NMR. The [18F]FDG total lesion glucose (TLG) of the tumor significant increased in the RT group at Days 1 and 3 post-irradiation, compared with the non-RT group (p < 0.05). The [11C]ACT maximum standard uptake value (SUVmax) in RT (0.83 ± 0.02) and non-RT groups (0.85 ± 0.07) were not significantly different (p > 0.05). The ex vivo NMR analysis showed a 1.70-fold increase in glucose and a 1.2-fold increase in acetate in the RT group at Day 3 post-irradiation (p < 0.05). Concordantly, the expressions of cytoplasmic acetyl-CoA synthetase in the irradiated tumors was overexpressed at Day 3 post-irradiation (p < 0.05). Therefore, TLG of [18F]FDG in vivo PET images can map early treatment response following irradiation and be a promising prognostic indicator in a longitudinal preclinical study. The underlying metabolic alterations was not reflected by the [11C]ACT PET.
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11
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Huang CW, Hsieh WC, Hsu ST, Lin YW, Chung YH, Chang WC, Chiu H, Lin YH, Wu CP, Yen TC, Huang FT. The Use of PET Imaging for Prognostic Integrin α 2β 1 Phenotyping to Detect Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer and Monitor Drug Resistance Responses. Am J Cancer Res 2017; 7:4013-4028. [PMID: 29109795 PMCID: PMC5667422 DOI: 10.7150/thno.19304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE: Growing evidence has demonstrated that aberrant expression of integrin α2β1 might contribute to the invasion, metastasis and drug resistance of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Thus, the integrin α2β1 targeting 68Ga-DOTA-A2B1 tracer was validated in NSCLC in contrast to accumulation of the clinically used 18F-FDG PET tracer to see if 68Ga-DOTA-A2B1-PET imaging can offer a valuable and critical diagnostic imaging criterion for the identification of phenotypes of aggressive lung cancer. METHODS: To verify the prognostic value of integrin α2β1, several quantitative and functional in vitro assays were validated in different NSCLC cell lines (CL1-0, CL1-5, A549 and selected A549++ cells). Positron emission tomography (PET) imaging studies using both standard 18F-FDG and a newly developed 68Ga-labeled integrin α2β1 (68Ga-DOTA-A2B1) tracer were sequentially performed on mice with lung tumor xenografts in different anatomic locations (subcutaneous, orthotopic and osseous) to validate the targeting capability of the 68Ga-DOTA-A2B1 tracers. Treatment responses were monitored by injecting animals with metastatic bone tumors with 5 mg/kg doxorubicin. All in vivo treatment responses in each treatment subgroup were monitored with a PET imaging system to evaluate the up-regulation of integrin expression at the earliest stage of treatment (6 h). RESULTS: The PET and computed tomography (CT) images from NSCLC xenograft animals unambiguously demonstrated accumulation of the integrin tracer 68Ga-DOTA-A2B1 in the tumor lesions at all locations. The average tumor uptake and tumor-to-normal (T/N) ratio were 2.51 ± 0.56 %ID/g and T/N = 2.82, 3.40 ± 0.42 %ID/g and T/N = 1.52, and 1.58 ± 0.108 %ID/g and T/N = 2.31 in subcutaneous, orthotopic and osseous tumors, respectively (n = 5; p < 0.05). The xenograft tumors were all clearly visible. In contrast, the accumulation of 18F-FDG reached 3.6 ± 0.76 %ID/g, 1.39 ± 0.075 %ID/g and 3.78 ± 0.73 %ID/g in subcutaneous, orthotopic and osseous tumors, respectively (n = 5; p < 0.05). However, due to the high background uptake by normal tissue, the T/N values were less than or close to 1, making the tumors almost indistinguishable in the PET imaging analysis. Furthermore, 68Ga-DOTA-A2B1-PET imaging of the treated osseous tumor model demonstrated more than 19% tracer uptake in A549 lesions (1.72 ± 0.95 %ID/g vs. pretreatment 1.44 ± 0.12 %ID/g,p = 0. 015) 6 h post-treatment with doxorubicin. The elevated intensity of tracer uptake was in accordance with the results of in vitroWestern blot and ex vivo integrin staining, demonstrating elevated integrin α2β1 expression. CONCLUSION: In this study, integrin α2β1 was identified as a biomarker of aggressive malignant NSCLC. Thus, efforts should be devoted to validating integrin α2β1 as a potential target for non-invasive diagnosis and as a predictive marker for monitoring treatment responses using a preclinical PET imaging system.
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Arosio D, Casagrande C. Advancement in integrin facilitated drug delivery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2016; 97:111-43. [PMID: 26686830 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2015.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Revised: 11/27/2015] [Accepted: 12/03/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The research of integrin-targeted anticancer agents has recorded important advancements in ingenious design of delivery systems, based either on the prodrug approach, or on nanoparticle carriers, but for now, none of these has reached a clinical stage of development. Past work in this area has been extensively reviewed by us and others. Thus, the purpose and scope of the present review is to survey the advancement reported in the last 3years, with focus on innovative delivery systems that appear to afford openings for future developments. These systems exploit the labelling with conventional and novel integrin ligands for targeting the interface of cancer cells and of endothelial cells involved in cancer angiogenesis, with the proteins of the extracellular matrix, in the circulation, in tissues, and in tumour stroma, as the site of progression and metastatic evolution of the disease. Furthermore, these systems implement the expertise in the development of nanomedicines to the purpose of achieving preferential biodistribution and uptake in cancer tissues, internalisation in cancer cells, and release of the transported drugs at intracellular sites. The assessment of the value of controlling these factors, and their combination, for future developments requires support of biological testing in appropriate mechanistic models, but also imperatively demand confirmation in therapeutically relevant in vivo models for biodistribution, efficacy, and lack of off-target effects. Thus, among many studies, we have tried to point out the results supported by relevant in vivo studies, and we have emphasised in specific sections those addressing the medical needs of drug delivery to brain tumours, as well as the delivery of oligonucleotides modulating gene-dependent pathological mechanism. The latter could constitute the basis of a promising third branch in the therapeutic armamentarium against cancer, in addition to antibody-based agents and to cytotoxic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Arosio
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Molecolari (ISTM), CNR, Via C. Golgi 19, I-20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - Cesare Casagrande
- Università degli Studi di Milano, Dipartimento di Chimica, Via C. Golgi 19, I-20133 Milan, Italy.
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