1
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Kapil K, Murata H, Szczepaniak G, Russell AJ, Matyjaszewski K. Tailored Branched Polymer-Protein Bioconjugates for Tunable Sieving Performance. ACS Macro Lett 2024; 13:461-467. [PMID: 38574342 PMCID: PMC11025119 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.4c00059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Protein-polymer conjugates combine the unique properties of both proteins and synthetic polymers, making them important materials for biomedical applications. In this work, we synthesized and characterized protein-branched polymer bioconjugates that were precisely designed to retain protein functionality while preventing unwanted interactions. Using chymotrypsin as a model protein, we employed a controlled radical branching polymerization (CRBP) technique utilizing a water-soluble inibramer, sodium 2-bromoacrylate. The green-light-induced atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) enabled the grafting of branched polymers directly from the protein surface in the open air. The resulting bioconjugates exhibited a predetermined molecular weight, well-defined architecture, and high branching density. Conformational analysis by SEC-MALS validated the controlled grafting of branched polymers. Furthermore, enzymatic assays revealed that densely grafted polymers prevented protein inhibitor penetration, and the resulting conjugates retained up to 90% of their enzymatic activity. This study demonstrates a promising strategy for designing protein-polymer bioconjugates with tunable sieving behavior, opening avenues for applications in drug delivery and biotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kriti Kapil
- Department
of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Hironobu Murata
- Department
of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Grzegorz Szczepaniak
- Department
of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
- Faculty
of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Alan J. Russell
- Amgen
Research, 1 Amgen Center
Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Krzysztof Matyjaszewski
- Department
of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
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2
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Ouyang J, Zhang Z, Li J, Wu C. Integrating Enzymes with Supramolecular Polymers for Recyclable Photobiocatalytic Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202400105. [PMID: 38386281 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202400105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Chemical modifications of enzymes excel in the realm of enzyme engineering due to its directness, robustness, and efficiency; however, challenges persist in devising versatile and effective strategies. In this study, we introduce a supramolecular modification methodology that amalgamates a supramolecular polymer with Candida antarctica lipase B (CalB) to create supramolecular enzymes (SupEnzyme). This approach features the straightforward preparation of a supramolecular amphiphilic polymer (β-CD@SMA), which was subsequently conjugated to the enzyme, resulting in a SupEnzyme capable of self-assembly into supramolecular nanoparticles. The resulting SupEnzyme nanoparticles can form micron-scale supramolecular aggregates through supramolecular and electrostatic interactions with guest entities, thus enhancing catalyst recycling. Remarkably, these aggregates maintain 80 % activity after seven cycles, outperforming Novozym 435. Additionally, they can effectively initiate photobiocatalytic cascade reactions using guest photocatalysts. As a consequence, our SupEnzyme methodology exhibits noteworthy adaptability in enzyme modification, presenting a versatile platform for various polymer, enzyme, and biocompatible catalyst pairings, with potential applications in the fields of chemistry and biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingping Ouyang
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230, Odense, Denmark
| | - Zhenfang Zhang
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230, Odense, Denmark
| | - Jian Li
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Changzhu Wu
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230, Odense, Denmark
- Danish Institute for Advanced Study (DIAS), University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230, Odense, Denmark
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3
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Davis E, Caparco AA, Jones E, Steinmetz NF, Pokorski JK. Study of uricase-polynorbornene conjugates derived from grafting-from ring-opening metathesis polymerization. J Mater Chem B 2024; 12:2197-2206. [PMID: 38323642 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb02726k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
PEGylation has been the 'gold standard' in bioconjugation due to its ability to improve the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of native proteins. However, growing clinical evidence of hypersensitivity reactions to PEG due to pre-existing anti-PEG antibodies in healthy humans have raised concerns. Advancements in controlled polymerization techniques and conjugation chemistries have paved the way for the development of protein-polymer conjugates that can circumvent these adverse reactions while retaining the benefits of such modifications. Herein, we show the development of polynorbornene based bioconjugates of therapeutically relevant urate oxidase (UO) enzymes used in the treatment of gout synthesized by grafting-from ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP). Notably, these conjugates exhibit comparable levels of bioactivity to PEGylated UO and demonstrate increased stability across varying temperatures and pH conditions. Immune recognition of conjugates by anti-UO antibodies reveal low protein immunogenicity following the conjugation process. Additionally, UO conjugates employing zwitterionic polynorbornene successfully avoid recognition by anti-PEG antibodies, further highlighting a potential replacement for PEG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabathe Davis
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
| | - Adam A Caparco
- Center for Nano-ImmunoEngineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Elizabeth Jones
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
| | - Nicole F Steinmetz
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
- Center for Nano-ImmunoEngineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Institute for Materials Discovery and Design, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Shu and K.C. Chien and Peter Farrell Collaboratory, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Jonathan K Pokorski
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
- Center for Nano-ImmunoEngineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Institute for Materials Discovery and Design, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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4
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Qiu W, Zhang J, Ma N, Kong J, Zhang X. FADH 2-mediated radical polymerization amplification for microRNA-21 detection. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 306:123548. [PMID: 37871544 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.123548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
For early diagnosis of disease, ultrasensitive mircoRNA-21 detection has considerable potential. In this paper, an ultra-sensitive fluorescence detection method for microRNA was developed by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). This ATRP reaction was first initiated by using flavin mononucleotide (FADH2). The DNA probe 1 modified with amino group was fixed on the magnetic nanoparticle Fe3O4, and microRNA-21 was added to form the probe 1-microRNA-21. Another carboxy-modified DNA 2 forms a sandwich structure with the bound microRNA-21. Two terminally modified DNA types are used as microRNA probes, using complementary base pairing to form a stable super-sandwich structure between the DNA probe and the microRNA. Under optimal conditions, microRNA was detected in PBS buffer with a detection limit of 0.19 fM. And even in 10% of human serum, microRNA-21 can be detected with a detection limit of 47.8 fM. Results show that this method has high selectivity, efficiency and stability, which broad application prospect in microRNA ultra-sensitive detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhao Qiu
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210094, PR China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Nanjing Lishui District Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 211200, PR China; Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, PR China
| | - Nan Ma
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210094, PR China
| | - Jinming Kong
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210094, PR China.
| | - Xueji Zhang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, PR China
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5
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Halaszynski NI, Saven JG, Pochan DJ, Kloxin CJ. Thermoresponsive Coiled-Coil Peptide-Polymer Grafts. Bioconjug Chem 2023; 34:2001-2006. [PMID: 37874177 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.3c00367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Alkyl halide side groups are selectively incorporated into monodispersed, computationally designed coiled-coil-forming peptide nanoparticles. Poly[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate] (PDMAEMA) is polymerized from the coiled-coil periphery using photoinitiated atom transfer radical polymerization (photoATRP) to synthesize well-defined, thermoresponsive star copolymer architectures. This facile synthetic route is readily extended to other monomers for a range of new complex star-polymer macromolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole I Halaszynski
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, 201 P.S. duPont Hall, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Jeffery G Saven
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 S. 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Darrin J Pochan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, 201 P.S. duPont Hall, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Christopher J Kloxin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, 201 P.S. duPont Hall, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, 150 Academy Street, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
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6
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Zhang T, Wu Z, Ng G, Boyer C. Design of an Oxygen-Tolerant Photo-RAFT System for Protein-Polymer Conjugation Achieving High Bioactivity. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202309582. [PMID: 37591792 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202309582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
Protein-polymer conjugates have significant potential in pharmaceutical and biomedical applications. To enable their widespread use, robust conjugation techniques are crucial. This study introduces a photo-initiated reversible addition-fragmentation chain-transfer (Photo-RAFT) polymerization system that exhibits excellent oxygen tolerance. This system allows for the synthesis of protein-polymer conjugates with high bioactivity under mild and aerobic conditions. Three photocatalytic systems utilizing Eosin Y (EY) as the photocatalyst with two different cocatalysts (ascorbic acid and triethanolamine) were investigated, each generating distinct reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as singlet oxygen, superoxide, hydrogen peroxide, and hydroxyl radicals. The impact of these ROS on three model proteins (lysozyme, albumin, and myoglobin) was evaluated, demonstrating varying bioactivities based on the ROS produced. The EY/TEOA system was identified as the optimal photo-RAFT initiating system, enabling the preparation of protein-polymer conjugates under aerobic conditions while maintaining high protein enzymatic activity. To showcase the potential of this approach, lysozyme-poly(dimethylaminoethyl acrylate) conjugates were successfully prepared and exhibited enhanced antimicrobial property against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Zhang
- Cluster for Advanced Macromolecular Design and UNSW RNA Institute, School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, 2052, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Zilong Wu
- Cluster for Advanced Macromolecular Design and UNSW RNA Institute, School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, 2052, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Gervase Ng
- Cluster for Advanced Macromolecular Design and UNSW RNA Institute, School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, 2052, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Cyrille Boyer
- Cluster for Advanced Macromolecular Design and UNSW RNA Institute, School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, 2052, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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7
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Bhowmik S, Pham TT, Takahashi R, Kim D, Matsuoka H, Ishihara K, Yusa SI. Preparation of Water-Soluble Polyion Complex (PIC) Micelles with Random Copolymers Containing Pendant Quaternary Ammonium and Sulfonate Groups. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023. [PMID: 37235722 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c00524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Cationic random copolymers (PCm) consisting of 2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC; P) with methacroylcholine chloride (MCC; C) and anionic random copolymers (PSn) consisting of MPC and potassium 3-(methacryloyloxy)propanesulfonate (MPS; S) were prepared via a reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer method. "m" and "n" represent the compositions (mol %) of the MCC and MPS units in the copolymers, respectively. The degrees of polymerization for the copolymers were 93-99. Water-soluble MPC unit contains a pendant zwitterionic phosphorylcholine group whose charges are neutralized in pendant groups. MCC and MPS units contain the cationic quaternary ammonium and anionic sulfonate groups, respectively. The stoichiometrically charge-neutralized mixture of a matched pair of PCm and PSn aqueous solutions resulted in the spontaneous formation of water-soluble PCm/PSn polyion complex (PIC) micelles. These PIC micelles have the MPC-rich surface and MCC/MPS core. These PIC micelles were characterized using 1H NMR, dynamic and static light scattering, and transmission electron microscopic measurements. The hydrodynamic radius of these PIC micelles depends on the mixing ratio of the oppositely charged random copolymers. The charge-neutralized mixture formed maximum-size PIC micelles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shukanta Bhowmik
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Hyogo, 2167 Shosha, Himeji, Hyogo 671-2280, Japan
| | - Thu Thao Pham
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Hyogo, 2167 Shosha, Himeji, Hyogo 671-2280, Japan
| | - Rintaro Takahashi
- Department of Energy Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8603, Japan
| | - Dongwook Kim
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Hideki Matsuoka
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Ishihara
- Department of Materials Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
- Division of Materials and Manufacturing Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Yusa
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Hyogo, 2167 Shosha, Himeji, Hyogo 671-2280, Japan
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8
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Kapil K, Jazani AM, Szczepaniak G, Murata H, Olszewski M, Matyjaszewski K. Fully Oxygen-Tolerant Visible-Light-Induced ATRP of Acrylates in Water: Toward Synthesis of Protein-Polymer Hybrids. Macromolecules 2023; 56:2017-2026. [PMID: 36938511 PMCID: PMC10019465 DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c02537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
Over the last decade, photoinduced ATRP techniques have been developed to harness the energy of light to generate radicals. Most of these methods require the use of UV light to initiate polymerization. However, UV light has several disadvantages: it can degrade proteins, damage DNA, cause undesirable side reactions, and has low penetration depth in reaction media. Recently, we demonstrated green-light-induced ATRP with dual catalysis, where eosin Y (EYH2) was used as an organic photoredox catalyst in conjunction with a copper complex. This dual catalysis proved to be highly efficient, allowing rapid and well-controlled aqueous polymerization of oligo(ethylene oxide) methyl ether methacrylate without the need for deoxygenation. Herein, we expanded this system to synthesize polyacrylates under biologically relevant conditions using CuII/Me6TREN (Me6TREN = tris[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]amine) and EYH2 at ppm levels. Water-soluble oligo(ethylene oxide) methyl ether acrylate (average M n = 480, OEOA480) was polymerized in open reaction vessels under green light irradiation (520 nm). Despite continuous oxygen diffusion, high monomer conversions were achieved within 40 min, yielding polymers with narrow molecular weight distributions (1.17 ≤ D̵ ≤ 1.23) for a wide targeted DP range (50-800). In situ chain extension and block copolymerization confirmed the preserved chain end functionality. In addition, polymerization was triggered/halted by turning on/off a green light, showing temporal control. The optimized conditions also enabled controlled polymerization of various hydrophilic acrylate monomers, such as 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate, 2-(methylsulfinyl)ethyl acrylate), and zwitterionic carboxy betaine acrylate. Notably, the method allowed the synthesis of well-defined acrylate-based protein-polymer hybrids using a straightforward reaction setup without rigorous deoxygenation.
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9
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Recent Advances in the Application of ATRP in the Synthesis of Drug Delivery Systems. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15051234. [PMID: 36904474 PMCID: PMC10007417 DOI: 10.3390/polym15051234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Advances in atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) have enabled the precise design and preparation of nanostructured polymeric materials for a variety of biomedical applications. This paper briefly summarizes recent developments in the synthesis of bio-therapeutics for drug delivery based on linear and branched block copolymers and bioconjugates using ATRP, which have been tested in drug delivery systems (DDSs) over the past decade. An important trend is the rapid development of a number of smart DDSs that can release bioactive materials in response to certain external stimuli, either physical (e.g., light, ultrasound, or temperature) or chemical factors (e.g., changes in pH values and/or environmental redox potential). The use of ATRPs in the synthesis of polymeric bioconjugates containing drugs, proteins, and nucleic acids, as well as systems applied in combination therapies, has also received considerable attention.
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10
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Parkatzidis K, Truong NP, Whitfield R, Campi CE, Grimm-Lebsanft B, Buchenau S, Rübhausen MA, Harrisson S, Konkolewicz D, Schindler S, Anastasaki A. Oxygen-Enhanced Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization through the Formation of a Copper Superoxido Complex. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:1906-1915. [PMID: 36626247 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c11757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
In controlled radical polymerization, oxygen is typically regarded as an undesirable component resulting in terminated polymer chains, deactivated catalysts, and subsequent cessation of the polymerization. Here, we report an unusual atom transfer radical polymerization whereby oxygen favors the polymerization by triggering the in situ transformation of CuBr/L to reactive superoxido species at room temperature. Through a superoxido ARGET-ATRP mechanism, an order of magnitude faster polymerization rate and a rapid and complete initiator consumption can be achieved as opposed to when unoxidized CuBr/L was instead employed. Very high end-group fidelity has been demonstrated by mass-spectrometry and one-pot synthesis of block and multiblock copolymers while pushing the reactions to reach near-quantitative conversions in all steps. A high molecular weight polymer could also be targeted (DPn = 6400) without compromising the control over the molar mass distributions (Đ < 1.20), even at an extremely low copper concentration (4.5 ppm). The versatility of the technique was demonstrated by the polymerization of various monomers in a controlled fashion. Notably, the efficiency of our methodology is unaffected by the purity of the starting CuBr, and even a brown highly-oxidized 15-year-old CuBr reagent enabled a rapid and controlled polymerization with a final dispersity of 1.07, thus not only reducing associated costs but also omitting the need for rigorous catalyst purification prior to polymerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kostas Parkatzidis
- Laboratory of Polymeric Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, Zurich 8093, Switzerland
| | - Nghia P Truong
- Laboratory of Polymeric Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, Zurich 8093, Switzerland
| | - Richard Whitfield
- Laboratory of Polymeric Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, Zurich 8093, Switzerland
| | - Chiara E Campi
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Justus-Liebig University of Gießen, Heinrich-Buff Ring 17, D-35392, Gießen, Hessen 35392, Germany
| | - Benjamin Grimm-Lebsanft
- Center For Free Electron Laser Science, University of Hamburg, Institut für Nanostruktur und Festkörperphysik, Gebäude 99, Luruper Chaussee 149, Hamburg 22761, Germany
| | - Sören Buchenau
- Center For Free Electron Laser Science, University of Hamburg, Institut für Nanostruktur und Festkörperphysik, Gebäude 99, Luruper Chaussee 149, Hamburg 22761, Germany
| | - Michael A Rübhausen
- Center For Free Electron Laser Science, University of Hamburg, Institut für Nanostruktur und Festkörperphysik, Gebäude 99, Luruper Chaussee 149, Hamburg 22761, Germany
| | - Simon Harrisson
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques, University of Bordeaux/ENSCBP/CNRS UMR5629, Pessac 33600, France
| | - Dominik Konkolewicz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio 45056, United States
| | - Siegfried Schindler
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Justus-Liebig University of Gießen, Heinrich-Buff Ring 17, D-35392, Gießen, Hessen 35392, Germany
| | - Athina Anastasaki
- Laboratory of Polymeric Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, Zurich 8093, Switzerland
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11
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Wright TA, Bennett C, Johnson MR, Fischesser H, Chandrarathne BM, Ram N, Maloof E, Tyler A, Upshaw CR, Stewart JM, Page RC, Konkolewicz D. Investigating the Impact of Polymer Length, Attachment Site, and Charge on Enzymatic Activity and Stability of Cellulase. Biomacromolecules 2022; 23:4097-4109. [PMID: 36130239 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.2c00441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The thermophilic cellulase Cel5a from Fervidobacterium nodosum (FnCel5a) was conjugated with neutral, cationic, and anionic polymers of increasing molecular weights. The enzymatic activity toward an anionic soluble cellulose derivative, thermal stability, and functional chemical stability of these bioconjugates were investigated. The results suggest that increasing polymer chain length for polymers compatible with the substrate enhances the positive impact of polymer conjugation on enzymatic activity. Activity enhancements of nearly 100% were observed for bioconjugates with N,N-dimethyl acrylamide (DMAm) and N,N-dimethyl acrylamide-2-(N,N-dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate (DMAm/DMAEMA) due to proposed polymer-substrate compatibility enabled by potential noncovalent interactions. Double conjugation of two functionally distinct polymers to wild-type and mutated FnCel5a using two conjugation methods was achieved. These doubly conjugated bioconjugates exhibited similar thermal stability to the unmodified wild-type enzyme, although enzymatic activity initially gained from conjugation was lost, suggesting that chain length may be a better tool for bioconjugate activity modulation than double conjugation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thaiesha A Wright
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, 651 East High Street, Oxford, Ohio 45056 United States
| | - Camaryn Bennett
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, 651 East High Street, Oxford, Ohio 45056 United States
| | - Madolynn R Johnson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, 651 East High Street, Oxford, Ohio 45056 United States
| | - Henry Fischesser
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, 651 East High Street, Oxford, Ohio 45056 United States
| | | | - Natasha Ram
- Department of Cell Biology, Microbiology, and Molecular Biology, University of South Florida, 4202 East Fowler Avenue, Tampa, Florida 3620, United States
| | - Elias Maloof
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, 651 East High Street, Oxford, Ohio 45056 United States
| | - Amoni Tyler
- Department of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Central State University, 1400 Brush Row Road, Wilberforce, Ohio 45384, United States
| | - Chanell R Upshaw
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, 651 East High Street, Oxford, Ohio 45056 United States
| | - Jamie M Stewart
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, 651 East High Street, Oxford, Ohio 45056 United States
| | - Richard C Page
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, 651 East High Street, Oxford, Ohio 45056 United States
| | - Dominik Konkolewicz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, 651 East High Street, Oxford, Ohio 45056 United States
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12
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Moncalvo F, Lacroce E, Franzoni G, Altomare A, Fasoli E, Aldini G, Sacchetti A, Cellesi F. Selective Protein Conjugation of Poly(glycerol monomethacrylate) and Poly(polyethylene glycol methacrylate) with Tunable Topology via Reductive Amination with Multifunctional ATRP Initiators for Activity Preservation. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c00783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Moncalvo
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “G. Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, via Mancinelli 7, Milano 20131, Italy
| | - Elisa Lacroce
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “G. Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, via Mancinelli 7, Milano 20131, Italy
| | - Giulia Franzoni
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “G. Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, via Mancinelli 7, Milano 20131, Italy
| | - Alessandra Altomare
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (DISFARM), University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Elisa Fasoli
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “G. Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, via Mancinelli 7, Milano 20131, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Aldini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (DISFARM), University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Sacchetti
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “G. Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, via Mancinelli 7, Milano 20131, Italy
| | - Francesco Cellesi
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “G. Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, via Mancinelli 7, Milano 20131, Italy
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13
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Lee Y, Kwon Y, Kim Y, Yu C, Feng S, Park J, Doh J, Wannemacher R, Koo B, Gierschner J, Kwon MS. A Water-Soluble Organic Photocatalyst Discovered for Highly Efficient Additive-Free Visible-Light-Driven Grafting of Polymers from Proteins at Ambient and Aqueous Environments. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2108446. [PMID: 35032043 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202108446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Since the pioneering discovery of a protein bound to poly(ethylene glycol), the utility of protein-polymer conjugates (PPCs) is rapidly expanding to currently emerging applications. Photoinduced energy/electron-transfer reversible addition-fragmentation chain-transfer (PET-RAFT) polymerization is a very promising method to prepare structurally well-defined PPCs, as it eliminates high-cost and time-consuming deoxygenation processes due to its oxygen tolerance. However, the oxygen-tolerance behavior of PET-RAFT polymerization is not well-investigated in aqueous environments, and thereby the preparation of PPCs using PET-RAFT polymerization needs a substantial amount of sacrificial reducing agents or inert-gas purging processes. Herein a novel water-soluble and biocompatible organic photocatalyst (PC) is reported, which enables visible-light-driven additive-free "grafting-from" polymerizations of a protein in ambient and aqueous environments. Interestingly, the developed PC shows unconventional "oxygen-acceleration" behavior for a variety of acrylic and acrylamide monomers in aqueous conditions without any additives, which are apparently distinct from previously reported systems. With such a PC, "grafting-from" polymerizations are successfully performed from protein in ambient buffer conditions under green light-emitting diode (LED) irradiation, which result in various PPCs that have neutral, anionic, cationic, and zwitterionic polyacrylates, and polyacrylamides. It is believed that this PC will be widely employed for a variety of photocatalysis processes in aqueous environments, including the living cell system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yungyeong Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Yonghwan Kwon
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngmu Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Changhoon Yu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Siyang Feng
- Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies, IMDEA Nanoscience, Calle Faraday 9, Campus Cantoblanco, Madrid, 28049, Spain
| | - Jeehun Park
- Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Junsang Doh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Reinhold Wannemacher
- Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies, IMDEA Nanoscience, Calle Faraday 9, Campus Cantoblanco, Madrid, 28049, Spain
| | - Byungjin Koo
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Dankook University, Gyeonggi-do, 16890, Republic of Korea
| | - Johannes Gierschner
- Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies, IMDEA Nanoscience, Calle Faraday 9, Campus Cantoblanco, Madrid, 28049, Spain
| | - Min Sang Kwon
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
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14
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Häkkinen S, Dyer B, Kerr A, Perrier S. Putting the RAFT in GRAFT: intermolecular graft exchange between bottlebrush polymers using reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py01510a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A versatile synthetic methodology is presented for the preparation of graft copolymers with mixed graft distributions using reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satu Häkkinen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Billy Dyer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Andrew Kerr
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Sébastien Perrier
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
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15
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Synthesis of block copolymers used in polymersome fabrication: Application in drug delivery. J Control Release 2021; 341:95-117. [PMID: 34774891 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Amphiphilic block copolymers are common materials used for the fabrication of various nanostructures with biomedical applications including nanocapsules, nanospheres, micelles and polymeric vesicles. According to the literature, polymersomes have several advantages compared to other nanostructures used as drug delivery systems comprising better stability, facile synthesis, prolonged circulation time, and passive/active targeting capability. Various types of nanoparticles are formed by varying the ratio of the hydrophobic/hydrophilic blocks. Changing hydrophobic/hydrophilic ratio of amphiphilic block copolymers has an impact on the structural characteristics of polymers such as changing molecular weight and surface functionalization of the block copolymer. Thus, polymerization strategies are an important factor that influences polymersomes quality. In this review, different polymerization strategies for the synthesis of block copolymers applied in polymersomes formation, are described.
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16
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Whitfield C, Zhang M, Winterwerber P, Wu Y, Ng DYW, Weil T. Functional DNA-Polymer Conjugates. Chem Rev 2021; 121:11030-11084. [PMID: 33739829 PMCID: PMC8461608 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c01074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
DNA nanotechnology has seen large developments over the last 30 years through the combination of solid phase synthesis and the discovery of DNA nanostructures. Solid phase synthesis has facilitated the availability of short DNA sequences and the expansion of the DNA toolbox to increase the chemical functionalities afforded on DNA, which in turn enabled the conception and synthesis of sophisticated and complex 2D and 3D nanostructures. In parallel, polymer science has developed several polymerization approaches to build di- and triblock copolymers bearing hydrophilic, hydrophobic, and amphiphilic properties. By bringing together these two emerging technologies, complementary properties of both materials have been explored; for example, the synthesis of amphiphilic DNA-polymer conjugates has enabled the production of several nanostructures, such as spherical and rod-like micelles. Through both the DNA and polymer parts, stimuli-responsiveness can be instilled. Nanostructures have consequently been developed with responsive structural changes to physical properties, such as pH and temperature, as well as short DNA through competitive complementary binding. These responsive changes have enabled the application of DNA-polymer conjugates in biomedical applications including drug delivery. This review discusses the progress of DNA-polymer conjugates, exploring the synthetic routes and state-of-the-art applications afforded through the combination of nucleic acids and synthetic polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colette
J. Whitfield
- Max
Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Meizhou Zhang
- Hubei
Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica, School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong
University of Science and Technology, Luoyu Road 1037, Hongshan, Wuhan 430074, People’s Republic of China
| | - Pia Winterwerber
- Max
Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Yuzhou Wu
- Hubei
Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica, School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong
University of Science and Technology, Luoyu Road 1037, Hongshan, Wuhan 430074, People’s Republic of China
| | - David Y. W. Ng
- Max
Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Tanja Weil
- Max
Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
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17
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Huang Y, Li X, Zhang YC, Shi Z, Zeng L, Xie J, Du Y, Lu D, Hu Z, Cai T, Luo Z. Aqueous Protein-Polymer Bioconjugation via Photoinduced RAFT Polymerization Using High Loading Heterogeneous Catalyst. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:44488-44496. [PMID: 34514775 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c13770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Light-driven polymerization, such as photoinduced electron/energy transfer-reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (PET-RAFT) polymerization, enables biological benign conditions and versatile functional polymer structure design, which is readily used in protein-polymer bioconjugates. However, conventional metalloporphyrinic homogeneous catalysts for PET-RAFT polymerization suffer from limited aqueous solubility and tedious purification. Here we demonstrate the design of PET-RAFT photocatalyst from the reticular assembled Zr-porphyrinic metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), along with a biomacromolecule-based chain transfer agent, as efficient bioconjugation tools in water. Our methodology offers manufacturing advantages on bioconjugates under mild conditions such that MTT (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) and cytotoxicity assays have shown the preservation of the protein integrity, bioactivity, and high cell viability after PET-RAFT polymerization. We find that the fast kinetics are benefiting from the ultrahigh loading of metalloporphyrins in MOF-525-Zn. This heterogeneous catalyst also allows us to maintain living characteristics to incorporate myriads of monomers into block copolymers. Other advantages like easy postreaction purification, reusability, and high oxygen tolerance even in an open system are demonstrated. This study provides a tool of highly efficient heterogeneous photocatalysts for polymer-protein bioconjugation in aqueous media and paves the road for biological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Huang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, P. R. China
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Intelligent Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Technology, William Mong Institute of Nano Science and Technology, and Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, P. R. China
| | - Xue Li
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, P. R. China
| | - Yu Chi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, P. R. China
| | - Zhiwei Shi
- Guangzhou Baiyun Medical Adhesive Company Ltd., Guangzhou, Guangdong 510405, P. R. China
| | - Lun Zeng
- Guangzhou Baiyun Medical Adhesive Company Ltd., Guangzhou, Guangdong 510405, P. R. China
| | - Jianbo Xie
- Guangzhou Baiyun Medical Adhesive Company Ltd., Guangzhou, Guangdong 510405, P. R. China
| | - Yucong Du
- Guangzhou Baiyun Medical Adhesive Company Ltd., Guangzhou, Guangdong 510405, P. R. China
| | - Dong Lu
- Guangzhou HKUST Fok Ying Tung Research Institute, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511458, P. R. China
| | - Zhigang Hu
- Silver Age Engineering Plastics (Dongguan) Company Ltd., Dongguan, Guangdong 523187, P. R. China
| | - Tao Cai
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, P. R. China
| | - Zhengtang Luo
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Intelligent Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Technology, William Mong Institute of Nano Science and Technology, and Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, P. R. China
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18
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Bang KT, Kim H, Kang SY, Bhaumik A, Ahn S, Yun N, Choi TL. Constructing a Library of Doubly Grafted Polymers by a One-Shot Cu-Catalyzed Multicomponent Grafting Strategy. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c00440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ki-Taek Bang
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Gwanak-ro 1, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-747, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunseok Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Gwanak-ro 1, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-747, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Yun Kang
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Gwanak-ro 1, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-747, Republic of Korea
| | - Atanu Bhaumik
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Gwanak-ro 1, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-747, Republic of Korea
| | - Sojeong Ahn
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Gwanak-ro 1, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-747, Republic of Korea
| | - Namkyu Yun
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Gwanak-ro 1, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-747, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Lim Choi
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Gwanak-ro 1, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-747, Republic of Korea
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19
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Olson RA, Levi JS, Scheutz GM, Lessard JJ, Figg CA, Kamat MN, Basso KB, Sumerlin BS. Macromolecular Photocatalyst for Synthesis and Purification of Protein–Polymer Conjugates. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c00508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca A. Olson
- George & Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Center for Macromolecular Science & Engineering, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Jordan S. Levi
- George & Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Center for Macromolecular Science & Engineering, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Georg M. Scheutz
- George & Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Center for Macromolecular Science & Engineering, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Jacob J. Lessard
- George & Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Center for Macromolecular Science & Engineering, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - C. Adrian Figg
- George & Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Center for Macromolecular Science & Engineering, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Manasi N. Kamat
- Mass Spectrometry Research and Education Center, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Kari B. Basso
- Mass Spectrometry Research and Education Center, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Brent S. Sumerlin
- George & Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Center for Macromolecular Science & Engineering, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
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20
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An LY, Dai Z, Di B, Xu LL. Advances in Cryochemistry: Mechanisms, Reactions and Applications. Molecules 2021; 26:750. [PMID: 33535547 PMCID: PMC7867104 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26030750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
It is counterintuitive that chemical reactions can be accelerated by freezing, but this amazing phenomenon was discovered as early as the 1960s. In frozen systems, the increase in reaction rate is caused by various mechanisms and the freeze concentration effect is the main reason for the observed acceleration. Some accelerated reactions have great application value in the chemistry synthesis and environmental fields; at the same time, certain reactions accelerated at low temperature during the storage of food, medicine, and biological products should cause concern. The study of reactions accelerated by freezing will overturn common sense and provide a new strategy for researchers in the chemistry field. In this review, we mainly introduce various mechanisms for accelerating reactions induced by freezing and summarize a variety of accelerated cryochemical reactions and their applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu-Yan An
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; (L.-Y.A.); (Z.D.)
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Zhen Dai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; (L.-Y.A.); (Z.D.)
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Bin Di
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; (L.-Y.A.); (Z.D.)
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Li-Li Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; (L.-Y.A.); (Z.D.)
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
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21
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Rahman MS, Brown J, Murphy R, Carnes S, Carey B, Averick S, Konkolewicz D, Page RC. Polymer Modification of Lipases, Substrate Interactions, and Potential Inhibition. Biomacromolecules 2021; 22:309-318. [PMID: 33416313 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.0c01159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
An industrially important enzyme, Candida antarctica lipase B (CalB), was modified with a range of functional polymers including hydrophilic, hydrophobic, anionic, and cationic character using a "grafting to" approach. We determined the impact of polymer chain length on CalB activity by synthesizing biohybrids of CalB with each polymer at three different chain lengths, using reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization. The activity of CalB in both aqueous and aqueous-organic media mixtures was significantly enhanced for acrylamide (Am) and N,N-dimethyl acrylamide (DMAm) conjugates, with activity remaining approximately constant in 25 and 50% ethanol solvent systems. Interestingly, the activity of N,N-dimethylaminopropyl-acrylamide (DMAPA) conjugates increased gradually with increasing organic solvent content in the system. Contrary to other literature reports, our study showed significantly diminished activity for hydrophobic polymer-protein conjugates. Functional thermal stability assays also displayed a considerable enhancement of retained activity of Am, DMAm, and DMAPA conjugates compared to the native CalB enzyme. Thus, this study provides an insight into possible advances in lipase production, which can lead to new improved lipase bioconjugates with increased activity and stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Sharfin Rahman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, 651 E High St., Oxford, Ohio 45056, United States
| | - Julian Brown
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, 651 E High St., Oxford, Ohio 45056, United States
| | - Reena Murphy
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, 651 E High St., Oxford, Ohio 45056, United States
| | - Sydney Carnes
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, 651 E High St., Oxford, Ohio 45056, United States
| | - Ben Carey
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, 651 E High St., Oxford, Ohio 45056, United States
| | - Saadyah Averick
- Neuroscience Institute, Allegheny Health Network, Allegheny General Hospital, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15212, United States
| | - Dominik Konkolewicz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, 651 E High St., Oxford, Ohio 45056, United States
| | - Richard C Page
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, 651 E High St., Oxford, Ohio 45056, United States
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22
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Theodorou A, Mandriotis P, Anastasaki A, Velonia K. Oxygen tolerant, photoinduced controlled radical polymerization approach for the synthesis of giant amphiphiles. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py01608j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
New families of amphiphilic protein–polymer bioconjugates readily synthesized via an oxygen tolerant, photoinduced RDRP approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Theodorou
- Laboratory of Synthetic Biomaterials
- Department of Materials Science and Technology
- University of Crete
- 70013 Heraklion
- Greece
| | - Petros Mandriotis
- Laboratory of Synthetic Biomaterials
- Department of Materials Science and Technology
- University of Crete
- 70013 Heraklion
- Greece
| | - Athina Anastasaki
- Laboratory of Polymeric Materials
- Department of Materials
- ETH Zurich
- 8093 Zurich
- Switzerland
| | - Kelly Velonia
- Laboratory of Synthetic Biomaterials
- Department of Materials Science and Technology
- University of Crete
- 70013 Heraklion
- Greece
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23
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Riboflavin-mediated radical polymerization – Outlook for eco-friendly synthesis of functional materials. Eur Polym J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2020.110152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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24
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Reversible-deactivation radical polymerization (Controlled/living radical polymerization): From discovery to materials design and applications. Prog Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2020.101311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 302] [Impact Index Per Article: 75.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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25
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Dao TPT, Vezenkov L, Subra G, Amblard M, In M, Le Meins JF, Aubrit F, Moradi MA, Ladmiral V, Semsarilar M. Self-Assembling Peptide—Polymer Nano-Objects via Polymerization-Induced Self-Assembly. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c01260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T. P. Tuyen Dao
- Institut Européen des Membranes, IEM, University Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier 34095, France
- Institut Charles Gerhardt Montpellier, ICGM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier 34095, France
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, IBMM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier 34095, France
| | - Lubomir Vezenkov
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, IBMM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier 34095, France
| | - Gilles Subra
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, IBMM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier 34095, France
| | - Muriel Amblard
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, IBMM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier 34095, France
| | - Martin In
- Laboratoire Charles Coulomb, L2C, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier 34095, France
| | - Jean-François Le Meins
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques, LCPO UMR 5629, Université Bordeaux, CNRS, Pessac 33607, France
| | - Florian Aubrit
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques, LCPO UMR 5629, Université Bordeaux, CNRS, Pessac 33607, France
| | - Mohammad-Amin Moradi
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven 5612 AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Vincent Ladmiral
- Institut Charles Gerhardt Montpellier, ICGM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier 34095, France
| | - Mona Semsarilar
- Institut Européen des Membranes, IEM, University Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier 34095, France
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27
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Olson RA, Korpusik AB, Sumerlin BS. Enlightening advances in polymer bioconjugate chemistry: light-based techniques for grafting to and from biomacromolecules. Chem Sci 2020; 11:5142-5156. [PMID: 34122971 PMCID: PMC8159357 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc01544j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Photochemistry has revolutionized the field of polymer-biomacromolecule conjugation. Ligation reactions necessitate biologically benign conditions, and photons have a significant energy advantage over what is available thermally at ambient temperature, allowing for rapid and unique reactivity. Photochemical reactions also afford many degrees of control, specifically, spatio-temporal control, light source tunability, and increased oxygen tolerance. Light-initiated polymerizations, in particular photo-atom-transfer radical polymerization (photo-ATRP) and photoinduced electron/energy transfer reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization (PET-RAFT), have been used for grafting from proteins, DNA, and cells. Additionally, the spatio-temporal control inherent to light-mediated chemistry has been utilized for grafting biomolecules to hydrogel networks for many applications, such as 3-D cell culture. While photopolymerization has clear advantages, there are factors that require careful consideration in order to obtain optimal control. These factors include the photocatalyst system, light intensity, and wavelength. This Perspective aims to discuss recent advances of photochemistry for polymer biomacromolecule conjugation and potential considerations while tailoring these systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca A Olson
- George & Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Center for Macromolecular Science & Engineering, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida Gainesville Florida USA
| | - Angie B Korpusik
- George & Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Center for Macromolecular Science & Engineering, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida Gainesville Florida USA
| | - Brent S Sumerlin
- George & Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Center for Macromolecular Science & Engineering, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida Gainesville Florida USA
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28
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Messina MS, Maynard HD. Modification of Proteins Using Olefin Metathesis. MATERIALS CHEMISTRY FRONTIERS 2020; 4:1040-1051. [PMID: 34457313 PMCID: PMC8388616 DOI: 10.1039/c9qm00494g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Olefin metathesis has revolutionized synthetic approaches to carbon-carbon bond formation. With a rich history beginning in industrial settings through its advancement in academic laboratories leading to new and highly active metathesis catalysts, olefin metathesis has found use in the generation of complex natural products, the cyclization of bioactive materials, and in the polymerization of new and unique polymer architectures. Throughout this review, we will trace the deployment of olefin metathesis-based strategies for the modification of proteins, a process which has been facilitated by the extensive development of stable, isolable, and highly active transition-metal-based metathesis catalysts. We first begin by summarizing early works which detail peptide modification strategies that played a vital role in identifying stable metathesis catalysts. We then delve into protein modification using cross metathesis and finish with recent work on the generation of protein-polymer conjugates through ring-opening metathesis polymerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco S Messina
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, 570 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, USA
| | - Heather D Maynard
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, 570 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, USA
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Lu J, Wang H, Tian Z, Hou Y, Lu H. Cryopolymerization of 1,2-Dithiolanes for the Facile and Reversible Grafting-from Synthesis of Protein-Polydisulfide Conjugates. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:1217-1221. [PMID: 31927989 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b12937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Grafting-from (GF) is an important yet underdeveloped strategy toward protein-polymer conjugates. Here, we report a simple cryopolymerization method that enables highly efficient GF synthesis of cell-penetrating protein-polydisulfide conjugates. Rapid and controlled ring-opening polymerization of 1,2-dithiolanes under cryo-conditions can be initiated by proteins bearing a reactive cysteine, owing to both favored thermodynamics and augmented kinetics arising from frozen-induced high local concentration of substrates. This method is applicable to various wild-type or genetically engineered proteins without the need of chemical installation of an initiation group. The resulting conjugates can be reversibly degrafted under mild conditions to regenerate functional "native" proteins in a traceless fashion. These unique features make such conjugates highly useful in applications such as a dynamic switch of protein functions, cytosolic delivery of protein therapeutics, and protein purification. The method is also potentially useful for the in situ growth of other types of polymers from protein surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhua Lu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , People's Republic of China
| | - Ziyou Tian
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yingqin Hou
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Lu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , People's Republic of China
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Messina MS, Messina KMM, Bhattacharya A, Montgomery HR, Maynard HD. Preparation of Biomolecule-Polymer Conjugates by Grafting-From Using ATRP, RAFT, or ROMP. Prog Polym Sci 2020; 100:101186. [PMID: 32863465 PMCID: PMC7453843 DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2019.101186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Biomolecule-polymer conjugates are constructs that take advantage of the functional or otherwise beneficial traits inherent to biomolecules and combine them with synthetic polymers possessing specially tailored properties. The rapid development of novel biomolecule-polymer conjugates based on proteins, peptides, or nucleic acids has ushered in a variety of unique materials, which exhibit functional attributes including thermo-responsiveness, exceptional stability, and specialized specificity. Key to the synthesis of new biomolecule-polymer hybrids is the use of controlled polymerization techniques coupled with either grafting-from, grafting-to, or grafting-through methodology, each of which exhibit distinct advantages and/or disadvantages. In this review, we present recent progress in the development of biomolecule-polymer conjugates with a focus on works that have detailed the use of grafting-from methods employing ATRP, RAFT, or ROMP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco S Messina
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, 570 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
| | - Kathryn M M Messina
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, 570 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
| | - Arvind Bhattacharya
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, 570 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
| | - Hayden R Montgomery
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, 570 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
| | - Heather D Maynard
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, 570 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
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Abstract
This review discusses the history of reversible-deactivation radical ring-opening polymerization of cyclic ketene acetals, focusing on the preparation of degradable complex polymeric architectures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander W. Jackson
- Agency for Science
- Technology and Engineering (A*Star)
- Institute of Chemical and Engineering Sciences (ICES)
- Functional Molecules and Polymers (FMP) Division
- Jurong Island
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Miura Y. Controlled polymerization for the development of bioconjugate polymers and materials. J Mater Chem B 2020; 8:2010-2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9tb02418b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Conjugates of various biopolymers with synthetic polymers were preparedvialiving radical polymerization. The conjugates have precise structures and potential for novel biofunctional materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiko Miura
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Kyushu University
- Fukuoka 819-0395
- Japan
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Murata H, Baker SL, Kaupbayeva B, Lewis DJ, Zhang L, Boye S, Lederer A, Russell AJ. Ligands and characterization for effective bio‐atom‐transfer radical polymerization. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.29504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hironobu Murata
- Center for Polymer‐Based Protein Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 15213
| | - Stefanie L. Baker
- Center for Polymer‐Based Protein Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 15213
- Department of Biomedical Engineering Scott Hall 4N201, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 15213
| | - Bibifatima Kaupbayeva
- Center for Polymer‐Based Protein Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 15213
- Department of Biological Sciences Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 15213
| | - Dylan J. Lewis
- Center for Polymer‐Based Protein Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 15213
- Department of Chemical Engineering Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 15213
| | - Libin Zhang
- Center for Polymer‐Based Protein Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 15213
- Department of Chemical Engineering Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 15213
| | - Susanne Boye
- Leibniz‐Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Straße 6 Dresden 01069 Germany
| | - Albena Lederer
- Leibniz‐Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Straße 6 Dresden 01069 Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden 01062 Dresden Germany
| | - Alan J. Russell
- Center for Polymer‐Based Protein Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 15213
- Department of Biomedical Engineering Scott Hall 4N201, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 15213
- Department of Biological Sciences Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 15213
- Department of Chemical Engineering Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 15213
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Penfold NJW, Yeow J, Boyer C, Armes SP. Emerging Trends in Polymerization-Induced Self-Assembly. ACS Macro Lett 2019; 8:1029-1054. [PMID: 35619484 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.9b00464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 336] [Impact Index Per Article: 67.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
In this Perspective, we summarize recent progress in polymerization-induced self-assembly (PISA) for the rational synthesis of block copolymer nanoparticles with various morphologies. Much of the PISA literature has been based on thermally initiated reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization. Herein, we pay particular attention to alternative PISA protocols, which allow the preparation of nanoparticles with improved control over copolymer morphology and functionality. For example, initiation based on visible light, redox chemistry, or enzymes enables the incorporation of sensitive monomers and fragile biomolecules into block copolymer nanoparticles. Furthermore, PISA syntheses and postfunctionalization of the resulting nanoparticles (e.g., cross-linking) can be conducted sequentially without intermediate purification by using various external stimuli. Finally, PISA formulations have been optimized via high-throughput polymerization and recently evaluated within flow reactors for facile scale-up syntheses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J. W. Penfold
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South Yorkshire, S3 7HF, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan Yeow
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), School of Chemical Engineering, and Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, 2051, Australia
| | - Cyrille Boyer
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), School of Chemical Engineering, and Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, 2051, Australia
| | - Steven P. Armes
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South Yorkshire, S3 7HF, United Kingdom
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Corrigan N, Yeow J, Judzewitsch P, Xu J, Boyer C. Seeing the Light: Advancing Materials Chemistry through Photopolymerization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201805473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel Corrigan
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design and Australian Centre for Nanomedicine School of Chemical Engineering UNSW Sydney Australia
| | - Jonathan Yeow
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design and Australian Centre for Nanomedicine School of Chemical Engineering UNSW Sydney Australia
| | - Peter Judzewitsch
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design and Australian Centre for Nanomedicine School of Chemical Engineering UNSW Sydney Australia
| | - Jiangtao Xu
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design and Australian Centre for Nanomedicine School of Chemical Engineering UNSW Sydney Australia
| | - Cyrille Boyer
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design and Australian Centre for Nanomedicine School of Chemical Engineering UNSW Sydney Australia
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Corrigan N, Yeow J, Judzewitsch P, Xu J, Boyer C. Seeing the Light: Advancing Materials Chemistry through Photopolymerization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:5170-5189. [PMID: 30066456 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201805473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 334] [Impact Index Per Article: 66.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The application of photochemistry to polymer and material science has led to the development of complex yet efficient systems for polymerization, polymer post-functionalization, and advanced materials production. Using light to activate chemical reaction pathways in these systems not only leads to exquisite control over reaction dynamics, but also allows complex synthetic protocols to be easily achieved. Compared to polymerization systems mediated by thermal, chemical, or electrochemical means, photoinduced polymerization systems can potentially offer more versatile methods for macromolecular synthesis. We highlight the utility of light as an energy source for mediating photopolymerization, and present some promising examples of systems which are advancing materials production through their exploitation of photochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel Corrigan
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design and Australian Centre for Nanomedicine, School of Chemical Engineering, UNSW, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jonathan Yeow
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design and Australian Centre for Nanomedicine, School of Chemical Engineering, UNSW, Sydney, Australia
| | - Peter Judzewitsch
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design and Australian Centre for Nanomedicine, School of Chemical Engineering, UNSW, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jiangtao Xu
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design and Australian Centre for Nanomedicine, School of Chemical Engineering, UNSW, Sydney, Australia
| | - Cyrille Boyer
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design and Australian Centre for Nanomedicine, School of Chemical Engineering, UNSW, Sydney, Australia
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Dai X, Böker A, Glebe U. Broadening the scope of sortagging. RSC Adv 2019; 9:4700-4721. [PMID: 35514663 PMCID: PMC9060782 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra06705h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Sortases are enzymes occurring in the cell wall of Gram-positive bacteria. Sortase A (SrtA), the best studied sortase class, plays a key role in anchoring surface proteins with the recognition sequence LPXTG covalently to oligoglycine units of the bacterial cell wall. This unique transpeptidase activity renders SrtA attractive for various purposes and motivated researchers to study multiple in vivo and in vitro ligations in the last decades. This ligation technique is known as sortase-mediated ligation (SML) or sortagging and developed to a frequently used method in basic research. The advantages are manifold: extremely high substrate specificity, simple access to substrates and enzyme, robust nature and easy handling of sortase A. In addition to the ligation of two proteins or peptides, early studies already included at least one artificial (peptide equipped) substrate into sortagging reactions - which demonstrates the versatility and broad applicability of SML. Thus, SML is not only a biology-related technique, but has found prominence as a major interdisciplinary research tool. In this review, we provide an overview about the use of sortase A in interdisciplinary research, mainly for protein modification, synthesis of protein-polymer conjugates and immobilization of proteins on surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolin Dai
- Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Polymer Research IAP Geiselbergstr. 69 14476 Potsdam-Golm Germany
- Lehrstuhl für Polymermaterialien und Polymertechnologie, Universität Potsdam 14476 Potsdam-Golm Germany
| | - Alexander Böker
- Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Polymer Research IAP Geiselbergstr. 69 14476 Potsdam-Golm Germany
- Lehrstuhl für Polymermaterialien und Polymertechnologie, Universität Potsdam 14476 Potsdam-Golm Germany
| | - Ulrich Glebe
- Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Polymer Research IAP Geiselbergstr. 69 14476 Potsdam-Golm Germany
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Kaupbayeva B, Murata H, Lucas A, Matyjaszewski K, Minden JS, Russell AJ. Molecular Sieving on the Surface of a Nano-Armored Protein. Biomacromolecules 2019; 20:1235-1245. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.8b01651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bibifatima Kaupbayeva
- Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
- Center for Polymer-Based Protein Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Hironobu Murata
- Center for Polymer-Based Protein Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Amber Lucas
- Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
- Center for Polymer-Based Protein Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Krzysztof Matyjaszewski
- Center for Polymer-Based Protein Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Jonathan S. Minden
- Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
- Center for Polymer-Based Protein Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Scott Hall 4N201, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Alan J. Russell
- Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
- Center for Polymer-Based Protein Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Scott Hall 4N201, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
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Reichenwallner J, Thomas A, Steinbach T, Eisermann J, Schmelzer CEH, Wurm F, Hinderberger D. Ligand-Binding Cooperativity Effects in Polymer–Protein Conjugation. Biomacromolecules 2019; 20:1118-1131. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.9b00016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jörg Reichenwallner
- Institute of Chemistry, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Von-Danckelmann-Platz 4, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Anja Thomas
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Tobias Steinbach
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Jana Eisermann
- Institute of Chemistry, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Von-Danckelmann-Platz 4, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Christian E. H. Schmelzer
- Fraunhofer Institute for Microstructure of Materials and Systems (IMWS), Walter-Hülse-Strasse 1, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
- Institute of Pharmacy, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Wolfgang-Langenbeck-Strasse 4, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Frederik Wurm
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Dariush Hinderberger
- Institute of Chemistry, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Von-Danckelmann-Platz 4, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
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Corrigan N, Zhernakov L, Hashim MH, Xu J, Boyer C. Flow mediated metal-free PET-RAFT polymerisation for upscaled and consistent polymer production. REACT CHEM ENG 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9re00014c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A slug flow process has been utilised in conjunction with metal-free photopolymerisation to produce well-defined polymers with outstanding consistency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel Corrigan
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD)
- School of Chemical Engineering
- UNSW Sydney
- Australia
- Australian Centre for NanoMedicine
| | - Leonid Zhernakov
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD)
- School of Chemical Engineering
- UNSW Sydney
- Australia
| | - Muhammad Hazim Hashim
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD)
- School of Chemical Engineering
- UNSW Sydney
- Australia
| | - Jiangtao Xu
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD)
- School of Chemical Engineering
- UNSW Sydney
- Australia
- Australian Centre for NanoMedicine
| | - Cyrille Boyer
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD)
- School of Chemical Engineering
- UNSW Sydney
- Australia
- Australian Centre for NanoMedicine
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Kovaliov M, Cohen-Karni D, Burridge KA, Mambelli D, Sloane S, Daman N, Xu C, Guth J, Kenneth Wickiser J, Tomycz N, Page RC, Konkolewicz D, Averick S. Grafting strategies for the synthesis of active DNase I polymer biohybrids. Eur Polym J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2018.07.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Ferreira Soares DC, Oda CMR, Monteiro LOF, de Barros ALB, Tebaldi ML. Responsive polymer conjugates for drug delivery applications: recent advances in bioconjugation methodologies. J Drug Target 2018; 27:355-366. [DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2018.1499747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Caroline Mari Ramos Oda
- Department of Pharmaceutical Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | - Andre Luis Branco de Barros
- Department of Pharmaceutical Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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46
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Yeow J, Chapman R, Gormley AJ, Boyer C. Up in the air: oxygen tolerance in controlled/living radical polymerisation. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 47:4357-4387. [PMID: 29718038 PMCID: PMC9857479 DOI: 10.1039/c7cs00587c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 256] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The requirement for deoxygenation in controlled/living radical polymerisation (CLRP) places significant limitations on its widespread implementation by necessitating the use of large reaction volumes, sealed reaction vessels as well as requiring access to specialised equipment such as a glove box and/or inert gas source. As a result, in recent years there has been intense interest in developing strategies for overcoming the effects of oxygen inhibition in CLRP and therefore remove the necessity for deoxygenation. In this review, we highlight several strategies for achieving oxygen tolerant CLRP including: "polymerising through" oxygen, enzyme mediated deoxygenation and the continuous regeneration of a redox-active catalyst. In order to provide further clarity to the field, we also establish some basic parameters for evaluating the degree of "oxygen tolerance" that can be achieved using a given oxygen scrubbing strategy. Finally, we propose some applications that could most benefit from the implementation of oxygen tolerant CLRP and provide a perspective on the future direction of this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Yeow
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.,Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Robert Chapman
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.,Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Adam J. Gormley
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, NJ, USA
| | - Cyrille Boyer
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.,Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
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47
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Matyjaszewski K. Advanced Materials by Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:e1706441. [PMID: 29582478 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201706441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 359] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) has been successfully employed for the preparation of various advanced materials with controlled architecture. New catalysts with strongly enhanced activity permit more environmentally benign ATRP procedures using ppm levels of catalyst. Precise control over polymer composition, topology, and incorporation of site specific functionality enables synthesis of well-defined gradient, block, comb copolymers, polymers with (hyper)branched structures including stars, densely grafted molecular brushes or networks, as well as inorganic-organic hybrid materials and bioconjugates. Examples of specific applications of functional materials include thermoplastic elastomers, nanostructured carbons, surfactants, dispersants, functionalized surfaces, and biorelated materials.
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48
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Burridge KM, Wright TA, Page RC, Konkolewicz D. Photochemistry for Well-Defined Polymers in Aqueous Media: From Fundamentals to Polymer Nanoparticles to Bioconjugates. Macromol Rapid Commun 2018; 39:e1800093. [PMID: 29774614 DOI: 10.1002/marc.201800093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
This review article highlights recent developments in the field of photochemistry and photochemical reversible deactivation radical polymerization applied to aqueous polymerizations. Photochemistry is a topic of significant interest in the fields of organic, polymer, and materials chemistry because it allows challenging reactions to be performed under mild conditions. Aqueous polymerization is of significant interest because water is an environmentally benign solvent, and the use of water enables complex polymer self-assembly and bioconjugation processes to occur. This review focuses on powerful new developments in photochemical aqueous polymerization reactions and their applications to the synthesis of well-defined polymer nano-objects and bioconjugates. It is anticipated that these aqueous photopolymerizations will enable the next generation of self-assembled structures and biohybrid materials to be developed under mild and environmentally friendly conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin M Burridge
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, 651 E High St, Oxford, OH, 45056, USA
| | - Thaiesha A Wright
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, 651 E High St, Oxford, OH, 45056, USA
| | - Richard C Page
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, 651 E High St, Oxford, OH, 45056, USA
| | - Dominik Konkolewicz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, 651 E High St, Oxford, OH, 45056, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjing Wang
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chi Wu
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
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50
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Tao Y, Ma X, Cai Y, Liu L, Zhao H. Coassembly of Lysozyme and Amphiphilic Biomolecules Driven by Unimer–Aggregate Equilibrium. J Phys Chem B 2018; 122:3900-3907. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.8b01447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Tao
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Xiaoteng Ma
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yaqian Cai
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Li Liu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Hanying Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
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