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Abstract
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In nature, light is harvested by photoactive proteins to drive
a range of biological processes, including photosynthesis, phototaxis,
vision, and ultimately life. Bacteriorhodopsin, for example, is a
protein embedded within archaeal cell membranes that binds the chromophore
retinal within its hydrophobic pocket. Exposure to light triggers
regioselective photoisomerization of the confined retinal, which in
turn initiates a cascade of conformational changes within the protein,
triggering proton flux against the concentration gradient, providing
the microorganisms with the energy to live. We are inspired by these
functions in nature to harness light energy using synthetic photoswitches
under confinement. Like retinal, synthetic photoswitches require some
degree of conformational flexibility to isomerize. In nature, the
conformational change associated with retinal isomerization is accommodated
by the structural flexibility of the opsin host, yet it results in
steric communication between the chromophore and the protein. Similarly,
we strive to design systems wherein isomerization of confined photoswitches
results in steric communication between a photoswitch and its confining
environment. To achieve this aim, a balance must be struck between
molecular crowding and conformational freedom under confinement: too
much crowding prevents switching, whereas too much freedom resembles
switching of isolated molecules in solution, preventing communication. In this Account, we discuss five classes of synthetic light-switchable
compounds—diarylethenes, anthracenes, azobenzenes, spiropyrans,
and donor–acceptor Stenhouse adducts—comparing their
behaviors under confinement and in solution. The environments employed
to confine these photoswitches are diverse, ranging from planar surfaces
to nanosized cavities within coordination cages, nanoporous frameworks,
and nanoparticle aggregates. The trends that emerge are primarily
dependent on the nature of the photoswitch and not on the material
used for confinement. In general, we find that photoswitches requiring
less conformational freedom for switching are, as expected, more straightforward
to isomerize reversibly under confinement. Because these compounds
undergo only small structural changes upon isomerization, however,
switching does not propagate into communication with their environment.
Conversely, photoswitches that require more conformational freedom
are more challenging to switch under confinement but also can influence
system-wide behavior. Although we are primarily interested in
the effects of geometric
constraints on photoswitching under confinement, additional effects
inevitably emerge when a compound is removed from solution and placed
within a new, more crowded environment. For instance, we have found
that compounds that convert to zwitterionic isomers upon light irradiation
often experience stabilization of these forms under confinement. This
effect results from the mutual stabilization of zwitterions that are
brought into close proximity on surfaces or within cavities. Furthermore,
photoswitches can experience preorganization under confinement, influencing
the selectivity and efficiency of their photoreactions. Because intermolecular
interactions arising from confinement cannot be considered independently
from the effects of geometric constraints, we describe all confinement
effects concurrently throughout this Account.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela B. Grommet
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Lucia M. Lee
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Rafal Klajn
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
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2
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Grommet AB, Feller M, Klajn R. Chemical reactivity under nanoconfinement. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 15:256-271. [PMID: 32303705 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-020-0652-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 300] [Impact Index Per Article: 75.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Confining molecules can fundamentally change their chemical and physical properties. Confinement effects are considered instrumental at various stages of the origins of life, and life continues to rely on layers of compartmentalization to maintain an out-of-equilibrium state and efficiently synthesize complex biomolecules under mild conditions. As interest in synthetic confined systems grows, we are realizing that the principles governing reactivity under confinement are the same in abiological systems as they are in nature. In this Review, we categorize the ways in which nanoconfinement effects impact chemical reactivity in synthetic systems. Under nanoconfinement, chemical properties can be modulated to increase reaction rates, enhance selectivity and stabilize reactive species. Confinement effects also lead to changes in physical properties. The fluorescence of light emitters, the colours of dyes and electronic communication between electroactive species can all be tuned under confinement. Within each of these categories, we elucidate design principles and strategies that are widely applicable across a range of confined systems, specifically highlighting examples of different nanocompartments that influence reactivity in similar ways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela B Grommet
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Moran Feller
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Rafal Klajn
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
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Goldmann AS, Boase NRB, Michalek L, Blinco JP, Welle A, Barner-Kowollik C. Adaptable and Reprogrammable Surfaces. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1902665. [PMID: 31414512 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201902665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Establishing control over chemical reactions on interfaces is a key challenge in contemporary surface and materials science, in particular when introducing well-defined functionalities in a reversible fashion. Reprogrammable, adaptable and functional interfaces require sophisticated chemistries to precisely equip them with specific functionalities having tailored properties. In the last decade, reversible chemistries-both covalent and noncovalent-have paved the way to precision functionalize 2 or 3D structures that provide both spatial and temporal control. A critical literature assessment reveals that methodologies for writing and erasing substrates exist, yet are still far from reaching their full potential. It is thus critical to assess the current status and to identify avenues to overcome the existing limitations. Herein, the current state-of-the-art in the field of reversible chemistry on surfaces is surveyed, while concomitantly identifying the challenges-not only synthetic but also in current surface characterization methods. The potential within reversible chemistry on surfaces to function as true writeable memories devices is identified, and the latest developments in readout technologies are discussed. Finally, we explore how spatial and temporal control over reversible, light-induced chemistries has the potential to drive the future of functional interface design, especially when combined with powerful laser lithographic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja S Goldmann
- School of Chemistry, Physics, and Mechanical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia
| | - Nathan R B Boase
- School of Chemistry, Physics, and Mechanical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia
| | - Lukas Michalek
- School of Chemistry, Physics, and Mechanical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia
| | - James P Blinco
- School of Chemistry, Physics, and Mechanical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia
| | - Alexander Welle
- Institute of Functional Interfaces, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Christopher Barner-Kowollik
- School of Chemistry, Physics, and Mechanical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia
- Macromolecular Architectures, Institut für Technische Chemie und Polymerchemie, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstr. 18, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
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Das S, Okamura N, Yagi S, Ajayaghosh A. Supramolecular Gel Phase Controlled [4 + 2] Diels–Alder Photocycloaddition for Electroplex Mediated White Electroluminescence. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:5635-5639. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b00955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Satyajit Das
- Photosciences and Photonics Section, Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram 695019, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Naoki Okamura
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka 5999-8531, Japan
| | - Shigeyuki Yagi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka 5999-8531, Japan
| | - Ayyappanpillai Ajayaghosh
- Photosciences and Photonics Section, Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram 695019, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
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Zhang X, Zhang X, Luo C, Liu Z, Chen Y, Dong S, Jiang C, Yang S, Wang F, Xiao X. Volume-Enhanced Raman Scattering Detection of Viruses. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2019; 15:e1805516. [PMID: 30706645 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201805516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Virus detection and analysis are of critical importance in biological fields and medicine. Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) has shown great promise in small molecule and even single molecule detection, and can provide fingerprint signals of molecules. Despite the powerful detection capabilities of SERS, the size discrepancy between the SERS "hot spots" (generally, <10 nm) and viruses (usually, sub-100 nm) yields poor detection reliability of viruses. Inspired by the concept of molecular imprinting, a volume-enhanced Raman scattering (VERS) substrate composed of hollow nanocones at the bottom of microbowls (HNCMB) is developed. The hollow nanocones of the resulting VERS substrates serve a twofold purpose: 1) extending the region of Raman signal enhancement from the nanocone surface (e.g., surface "hot spots") to the hollow area within the cone (e.g., volume "hot spots")-a novel method of Raman signal enhancement, and 2) directing analyte such as viruses of a wide range of sizes to those VERS "hot spots" while simultaneously increasing the surface area contributing to SERS. Using HNCMB VERS substrates, greatly improved Raman signals of single viruses are demonstrated, an achievement with important implications in disease diagnostics and monitoring, biomedical fields, as well as in clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingang Zhang
- Department of Physics and Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures of Ministry of Education, Hubei Nuclear Solid Physics Key Laboratory and Center for Ion Beam Application, School of Resource and Environmental Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Xiaolei Zhang
- Department of Physics and Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures of Ministry of Education, Hubei Nuclear Solid Physics Key Laboratory and Center for Ion Beam Application, School of Resource and Environmental Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Changliang Luo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine and Center for Gene Diagnosis, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Zhengqi Liu
- Institute of Optoelectronic Materials and Technology, College of Physics and Communication Electronics, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022, China
| | - Yiyun Chen
- Department of Physics and Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures of Ministry of Education, Hubei Nuclear Solid Physics Key Laboratory and Center for Ion Beam Application, School of Resource and Environmental Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Shilian Dong
- Department of Physics and Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures of Ministry of Education, Hubei Nuclear Solid Physics Key Laboratory and Center for Ion Beam Application, School of Resource and Environmental Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Changzhong Jiang
- Department of Physics and Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures of Ministry of Education, Hubei Nuclear Solid Physics Key Laboratory and Center for Ion Beam Application, School of Resource and Environmental Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Shikuan Yang
- Institute for Composites Science Innovation, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Fubing Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine and Center for Gene Diagnosis, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Xiangheng Xiao
- Department of Physics and Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures of Ministry of Education, Hubei Nuclear Solid Physics Key Laboratory and Center for Ion Beam Application, School of Resource and Environmental Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
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Novel Competitive Fluorescence Sensing Platform for L-carnitine Based on Cationic Pillar[5]Arene Modified Gold Nanoparticles. SENSORS 2018; 18:s18113927. [PMID: 30441777 PMCID: PMC6263671 DOI: 10.3390/s18113927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 11/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Supramolecular host-guest interaction and sensing between cationic pillar[5]arenes (CP5) and L-carnitine were developed by the competitive host-guest recognition for the first time. The fluorescence sensing platform was constructed by CP5 functionalized Au nanoparticles (CP5@Au-NPs) as receptor and probe (rhodamine 123, R123), which shown high sensitivity and selectivity for L-carnitine detection. Due to the negative charge and molecular size properties of L-carnitine, it can be highly captured by the CP5 via electrostatic interactions and hydrophobic interactions. The host-guest mechanism between PP5 and L-carnitine was studied by 1H NMR and molecular docking, indicating that more affinity binding force of CP5 with L-carnitine. Therefore, a selective and sensitive fluorescent method was developed. It has a linear response of 0.1–2.0 and 2.0–25.0 μM and a detection limit of 0.067 μM (S/N = 3). The fluorescent sensing platform was also used to detect L-carnitine in human serum and milk samples, which provided potential applications for the detection of drugs abuse and had path for guarding a serious food safety issues.
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Spinelli F, d'Agostino S, Taddei P, Jones CD, Steed JW, Grepioni F. Activating [4 + 4] photoreactivity in the solid-state via complexation: from 9-(methylaminomethyl)anthracene to its silver(i) complexes. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:5725-5733. [PMID: 29632941 DOI: 10.1039/c8dt00198g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The [4 + 4] photoreactivity of the anthracene derivative 9-(methylaminomethyl)anthracene (MAMA) has been investigated in solution, gel medium and in the solid state. While quantitative formation of the cyloaddition photoproduct was achieved upon irradiation at λ = 365 nm of ethanol solutions of MAMA, only partial and slow conversion was detected in gels of low molecular weight gelators, and solid-state reactivity was not observed due to the unfavourable relative orientation of the anthracene moieties in the crystal. In hexafluorophosphate, tetrafluoroborate and nitrate silver(i) complexes, however, 9-(methylaminomethyl)anthracene exhibits a more favourable mutual orientation for the aromatic fragments, and [4 + 4] photoreactivity resulted. All compounds were structurally characterized via single crystal and/or X-ray powder diffraction and by Raman spectroscopy; this last technique proved effective in detection of the photoproduct in all solid state complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Floriana Spinelli
- Dipartimento di Chimica "Giacomo Ciamician", Università di Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
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Tavadze P, Avendaño Franco G, Ren P, Wen X, Li Y, Lewis JP. A Machine-Driven Hunt for Global Reaction Coordinates of Azobenzene Photoisomerization. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 140:285-290. [PMID: 29235856 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b10030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pedram Tavadze
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506-6315, United States
| | - Guillermo Avendaño Franco
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506-6315, United States
| | - Pengju Ren
- State
Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion, Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China
- Synfuels China Co.
Ltd., Huairou, Beijing 101407, China
| | - Xiaodong Wen
- State
Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion, Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China
- Synfuels China Co.
Ltd., Huairou, Beijing 101407, China
| | - Yongwang Li
- State
Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion, Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China
- Synfuels China Co.
Ltd., Huairou, Beijing 101407, China
| | - James P. Lewis
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506-6315, United States
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9
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Villarreal E, Li GG, Zhang Q, Fu X, Wang H. Nanoscale Surface Curvature Effects on Ligand-Nanoparticle Interactions: A Plasmon-Enhanced Spectroscopic Study of Thiolated Ligand Adsorption, Desorption, and Exchange on Gold Nanoparticles. NANO LETTERS 2017; 17:4443-4452. [PMID: 28590743 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b01593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The interfacial adsorption, desorption, and exchange behaviors of thiolated ligands on nanotextured Au nanoparticle surfaces exhibit phenomenal site-to-site variations essentially dictated by the local surface curvatures, resulting in heterogeneous thermodynamic and kinetic profiles remarkably more sophisticated than those associated with the self-assembly of organothiol ligand monolayers on atomically flat Au surfaces. Here we use plasmon-enhanced Raman scattering as a spectroscopic tool combining time-resolving and molecular fingerprinting capabilities to quantitatively correlate the ligand dynamics with detailed molecular structures in real time under a diverse set of ligand adsorption, desorption, and exchange conditions at both equilibrium and nonequilibrium states, which enables us to delineate the effects of nanoscale surface curvature on the binding affinity, cooperativity, structural ordering, and the adsorption/desorption/exchange kinetics of organothiol ligands on colloidal Au nanoparticles. This work provides mechanistic insights on the key thermodynamic, kinetic, and geometric factors underpinning the surface curvature-dependent interfacial ligand behaviors, which serve as a central knowledge framework guiding the site-selective incorporation of desired surface functionalities into individual metallic nanoparticles for specific applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esteban Villarreal
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina , Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Guangfang Grace Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina , Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Qingfeng Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina , Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Xiaoqi Fu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina , Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina , Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
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10
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Ahrens J, Bian T, Vexler T, Klajn R. Irreversible Bleaching of Donor-Acceptor Stenhouse Adducts on the Surfaces of Magnetite Nanoparticles. CHEMPHOTOCHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/cptc.201700009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Ahrens
- Department of Organic Chemistry; Weizmann Institute of Science; Rehovot 76100 Israel
| | - Tong Bian
- Department of Organic Chemistry; Weizmann Institute of Science; Rehovot 76100 Israel
| | - Tom Vexler
- Department of Organic Chemistry; Weizmann Institute of Science; Rehovot 76100 Israel
| | - Rafal Klajn
- Department of Organic Chemistry; Weizmann Institute of Science; Rehovot 76100 Israel
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Nugroho FAA, Frost R, Antosiewicz TJ, Fritzsche J, Larsson Langhammer EM, Langhammer C. Topographically Flat Nanoplasmonic Sensor Chips for Biosensing and Materials Science. ACS Sens 2017; 2:119-127. [PMID: 28722444 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.6b00612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Nanoplasmonic sensors typically comprise arrangements of noble metal nanoparticles on a dielectric support. Thus, they are intrinsically characterized by surface topography with corrugations at the 10-100 nm length scale. While irrelevant in some bio- and chemosensing applications, it is also to be expected that the surface topography significantly influences the interaction between solids, fluids, nanoparticles and (bio)molecules, and the nanoplasmonic sensor surface. To address this issue, we present a wafer-scale nanolithography-based fabrication approach for high-temperature compatible, chemically inert, topographically flat, and laterally homogeneous nanoplasmonic sensor chips. We demonstrate their sensing performance on three different examples, for which we also carry out a direct comparison with a traditional nanoplasmonic sensor with representative surface corrugation. Specifically, we (i) quantify the film-thickness dependence of the glass transition temperature in poly(methyl metacrylate) thin films, (ii) characterize the adsorption and specific binding kinetics of the avidin-biotinylated bovine serum albumin protein system, and (iii) analyze supported lipid bilayer formation on SiO2 surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rickard Frost
- Department
of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Tomasz J. Antosiewicz
- Department
of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
- Centre
of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Banacha 2c, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joachim Fritzsche
- Department
of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
| | | | - Christoph Langhammer
- Department
of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
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12
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Hydrogen-reduced bismuth oxyiodide nanoflake arrays with plasmonic enhancements for efficient photoelectrochemical water reduction. Electrochim Acta 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2016.09.148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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13
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Molecular Plasmonics: From Molecular-Scale Measurements and Control to Applications. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/bk-2016-1224.ch002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
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Gan J, Rajeeva BB, Wu Z, Penley D, Liang C, Tong Y, Zheng Y. Plasmon-enhanced nanoporous BiVO4 photoanodes for efficient photoelectrochemical water oxidation. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2016; 27:235401. [PMID: 27119335 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/27/23/235401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Conversion of solar irradiation into chemical fuels such as hydrogen with the use of a photoelectrochemical (PEC) cell is an attractive strategy for green energy. The promising technique of incorporating metal nanoparticles (NPs) in the photoelectrodes is being explored to enhance the performance of the photoelectrodes. In this work, we developed Au-NPs-functionalized nanoporous BiVO4 photoanodes, and utilized the plasmonic effects of Au NPs to enhance the photoresponse. The plasmonic enhancement leads to an AM 1.5 photocurrent of 5.1 ± 0.1 mA cm(-2) at 1.23 V versus a reverse hydrogen electrode. We observed an enhancement of five times with respect to pristine BiVO4 in the photocurrent with long-term stability and high energy-conversion efficiency. The overall performance enhancement is attributed to the synergy between the nanoporous architecture of BiVO4 and the plasmonic effects of Au NPs. Our further study reveals that the commendable photoactivity arises from the different plasmonic effects and co-catalyst effects of Au NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayong Gan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science and Engineering Program, and Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA. KLGHEI of Environment and Energy Chemistry, MOE of the Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, People's Republic of China
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15
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Wu Z, Song N, Menz R, Pingali B, Yang YW, Zheng Y. Nanoparticles functionalized with supramolecular host-guest systems for nanomedicine and healthcare. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2016; 10:1493-514. [PMID: 25996121 DOI: 10.2217/nnm.15.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Synthetic macrocyclic host compounds can interact with suitable guest molecules via noncovalent interactions to form functional supramolecular systems. With the synergistic integration of the response of molecules and the unique properties at the nanoscale, nanoparticles functionalized with the host-guest supramolecular systems have shown great potentials for a broad range of applications in the fields of nanoscience and nanotechnology. In this review article, we focus on the applications of the nanoparticles functionalized with supramolecular host-guest systems in nanomedicine and healthcare, including therapeutic delivery, imaging, sensing and removal of harmful substances. A large number of examples are included to elucidate the working mechanisms, advantages, limitations and future developments of the nanoparticle-supramolecule systems in these applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nan Song
- 2State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry, International Joint Research Laboratory of Nano-Micro Architecture Chemistry (NMAC), Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | | | | | - Ying-Wei Yang
- 2State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry, International Joint Research Laboratory of Nano-Micro Architecture Chemistry (NMAC), Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
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Tanabe J, Taura D, Ousaka N, Yashima E. Remarkable acceleration of template-directed photodimerisation of 9-phenylethynylanthracene derivatives assisted by complementary salt bridge formation. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:10822-10832. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ob02087a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The photodimerisation of 9-phenylethynylanthracene-bound carboxylic acid monomers was remarkably accelerated in the presence of the complementary amidine dimer template.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junki Tanabe
- Department of Molecular Design and Engineering
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Nagoya University
- Nagoya 464-8603
- Japan
| | - Daisuke Taura
- Department of Molecular Design and Engineering
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Nagoya University
- Nagoya 464-8603
- Japan
| | - Naoki Ousaka
- Department of Molecular Design and Engineering
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Nagoya University
- Nagoya 464-8603
- Japan
| | - Eiji Yashima
- Department of Molecular Design and Engineering
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Nagoya University
- Nagoya 464-8603
- Japan
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17
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Optimizing plasmonic nanoantennas via coordinated multiple coupling. Sci Rep 2015; 5:14788. [PMID: 26423015 PMCID: PMC4589761 DOI: 10.1038/srep14788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasmonic nanoantennas, which can efficiently convert light from free space into sub-wavelength scale with the local field enhancement, are fundamental building blocks for nanophotonic systems. Predominant design methods, which exploit a single type of near- or far-field coupling in pairs or arrays of plasmonic nanostructures, have limited the tunability of spectral response and the local field enhancement. To overcome this limit, we are developing a general strategy towards exploiting the coordinated effects of multiple coupling. Using Au bowtie nanoantenna arrays with metal-insulator-metal configuration as examples, we numerically demonstrate that coordinated design and implementation of various optical coupling effects leads to both the increased tunability in the spectral response and the significantly enhanced electromagnetic field. Furthermore, we design and analyze a refractive index sensor with an ultra-high figure-of-merit (254), a high signal-to-noise ratio and a wide working range of refractive indices, and a narrow-band near-infrared plasmonic absorber with 100% absorption efficiency, high quality factor of up to 114 and a wide range of tunable wavelength from 800 nm to 1,500 nm. The plasmonic nanoantennas that exploit coordinated multiple coupling will benefit a broad range of applications, including label-free bio-chemical detection, reflective filter, optical trapping, hot-electron generation, and heat-assisted magnetic recording.
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18
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Wang M, Zhao C, Miao X, Zhao Y, Rufo J, Liu YJ, Huang TJ, Zheng Y. Plasmofluidics: Merging Light and Fluids at the Micro-/Nanoscale. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2015; 11:4423-44. [PMID: 26140612 PMCID: PMC4856436 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201500970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Revised: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Plasmofluidics is the synergistic integration of plasmonics and micro/nanofluidics in devices and applications in order to enhance performance. There has been significant progress in the emerging field of plasmofluidics in recent years. By utilizing the capability of plasmonics to manipulate light at the nanoscale, combined with the unique optical properties of fluids and precise manipulation via micro/nanofluidics, plasmofluidic technologies enable innovations in lab-on-a-chip systems, reconfigurable photonic devices, optical sensing, imaging, and spectroscopy. In this review article, the most recent advances in plasmofluidics are examined and categorized into plasmon-enhanced functionalities in microfluidics and microfluidics-enhanced plasmonic devices. The former focuses on plasmonic manipulations of fluids, bubbles, particles, biological cells, and molecules at the micro/nanoscale. The latter includes technological advances that apply microfluidic principles to enable reconfigurable plasmonic devices and performance-enhanced plasmonic sensors. The article is concluded with perspectives on the upcoming challenges, opportunities, and possible future directions of the emerging field of plasmofluidics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingsong Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science and Engineering Program Texas Materials Institute The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - Chenglong Zhao
- Department of Physics Electro-Optics, Graduate Program University of Dayton, Dayton, Ohio 45469, USA
| | - Xiaoyu Miao
- Google, Inc., 1600 Amphitheatre Pkwy, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA
| | - Yanhui Zhao
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Materials Research Institute, Huck Institute of Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - Joseph Rufo
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Materials Research Institute, Huck Institute of Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - Yan Jun Liu
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) 3 Research Link, Singapore 117602, Singapore
| | - Tony Jun Huang
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Materials Research Institute, Huck Institute of Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - Yuebing Zheng
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science and Engineering Program Texas Materials Institute The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
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19
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Abendroth JM, Bushuyev OS, Weiss PS, Barrett CJ. Controlling Motion at the Nanoscale: Rise of the Molecular Machines. ACS NANO 2015; 9:7746-68. [PMID: 26172380 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5b03367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 304] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
As our understanding and control of intra- and intermolecular interactions evolve, ever more complex molecular systems are synthesized and assembled that are capable of performing work or completing sophisticated tasks at the molecular scale. Commonly referred to as molecular machines, these dynamic systems comprise an astonishingly diverse class of motifs and are designed to respond to a plethora of actuation stimuli. In this Review, we outline the conditions that distinguish simple switches and rotors from machines and draw from a variety of fields to highlight some of the most exciting recent examples of opportunities for driven molecular mechanics. Emphasis is placed on the need for controllable and hierarchical assembly of these molecular components to display measurable effects at the micro-, meso-, and macroscales. As in Nature, this strategy will lead to dramatic amplification of the work performed via the collective action of many machines organized in linear chains, on functionalized surfaces, or in three-dimensional assemblies.
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Affiliation(s)
- John M Abendroth
- California NanoSystems Institute and Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California , Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | | | - Paul S Weiss
- California NanoSystems Institute and Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California , Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of California , Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Christopher J Barrett
- California NanoSystems Institute and Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California , Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University , Montreal, QC, Canada
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20
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Lin L, Zheng Y. Engineering of parallel plasmonic-photonic interactions for on-chip refractive index sensors. NANOSCALE 2015; 7:12205-12214. [PMID: 26133011 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr03159a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Ultra-narrow linewidth in the extinction spectrum of noble metal nanoparticle arrays induced by the lattice plasmon resonances (LPRs) is of great significance for applications in plasmonic lasers and plasmonic sensors. However, the challenge of sustaining LPRs in an asymmetric environment greatly restricts their practical applications, especially for high-performance on-chip plasmonic sensors. Herein, we fully study the parallel plasmonic-photonic interactions in both the Au nanodisk arrays (NDAs) and the core/shell SiO2/Au nanocylinder arrays (NCAs). Different from the dipolar interactions in the conventionally studied orthogonal coupling, the horizontal propagating electric field introduces the out-of-plane "hot spots" and results in electric field delocalization. Through controlling the aspect ratio to manipulate the "hot spot" distributions of the localized surface plasmon resonances (LSPRs) in the NCAs, we demonstrate a high-performance refractive index sensor with a wide dynamic range of refractive indexes ranging from 1.0 to 1.5. Both high figure of merit (FOM) and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) can be maintained under these detectable refractive indices. Furthermore, the electromagnetic field distributions confirm that the high FOM in the wide dynamic range is attributed to the parallel coupling between the superstrate diffraction orders and the height-induced LSPR modes. Our study on the near-field "hot-spot" engineering and far-field parallel coupling paves the way towards improved understanding of the parallel LPRs and the design of high-performance on-chip refractive index sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linhan Lin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science & Engineering Program, and Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA.
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21
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Kundu PK, Samanta D, Leizrowice R, Margulis B, Zhao H, Börner M, Udayabhaskararao T, Manna D, Klajn R. Light-controlled self-assembly of non-photoresponsive nanoparticles. Nat Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1038/nchem.2303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 369] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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22
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Rajeeva BB, Menz R, Zheng Y. Towards rational design of multifunctional theranostic nanoparticles: what barriers do we need to overcome? Nanomedicine (Lond) 2015; 9:1767-70. [PMID: 25325238 DOI: 10.2217/nnm.14.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Bharath Bangalore Rajeeva
- Materials Science and Engineering Program and Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
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23
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Wang Y, Zhao X, Gao W, Chen L, Chen S, Wei M, Gao M, Wang C, Zhang Y, Yang J. Au/Ag bimetal nanogap arrays with tunable morphologies for surface-enhanced Raman scattering. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra10882e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
When Au and Ag were deposited onto two-dimensional polystyrene (PS) templates, a curved bimetallic film composed of nanocap-shaped Au/Ag units was formed.
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24
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van Schrojenstein Lantman EM, Gijzeman OLJ, Mank AJG, Weckhuysen BM. Investigation of the Kinetics of a Surface Photocatalytic Reaction in Two Dimensions with Surface-enhanced Raman Scattering. ChemCatChem 2014; 6:3342-3346. [PMID: 27158273 PMCID: PMC4834625 DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201402647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2014] [Revised: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Heterogeneous catalysis is a surface phenomenon. Yet, though the catalysis itself takes place on surfaces, the reactants and products rapidly take the form of another physical state, as either a liquid or a gas. Catalytic reactions within a self‐assembled monolayer are confined within two dimensions, as the molecules involved do not leave the surface. Surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy is an ideal technique to probe these self‐assembled monolayers as it gives molecular information in a measured volume limited to the surface. We show how surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy can be used to determine the reaction kinetics of a two‐dimensional reaction. As a proof of principle, we study the photocatalytic reduction of p‐nitrothiophenol. A study of the reaction rate and dilution effects leads to the conclusion that a dimerization must take place as one of the reaction steps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelien M van Schrojenstein Lantman
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht (The Netherlands)
| | - Onno L J Gijzeman
- Condensed Matter and Interfaces, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 1, 3584 CC Utrecht (The Netherlands)
| | - Arjan J G Mank
- Materials Analysis-MiPlaza, Philips Innovation Services, High Tech Campus 11, 5656 AE Eindhoven (The Netherlands)
| | - Bert M Weckhuysen
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht (The Netherlands)
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25
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Yang S, Slotcavage D, Mai JD, Guo F, Li S, Zhao Y, Lei Y, Cameron CE, Huang TJ. Electrochemically Created Highly Surface Roughened Ag Nanoplate Arrays for SERS Biosensing Applications. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY. C 2014; 2:8350-8356. [PMID: 25383191 PMCID: PMC4217216 DOI: 10.1039/c4tc01276c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Highly surface-roughened Ag nanoplate arrays are fabricated using a simple electrodeposition and in situ electrocorrosion method with inorganic borate ions as capping agent. The electrocorrosion process is induced by a change in the local pH value during the electrochemical growth, which is used to intentionally carve the electrodeposited structures. The three dimensionally arranged Ag nanoplates are integrated with substantial surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) hot spots and are free of organic contaminations widely used as shaping agents in previous works, making them excellent candidate substrates for SERS biosensing applications. The SERS enhancement factor of the rough Ag nanoplates is estimated to be > 109. These Ag nanoplate arrays are used for SERS-based analysis of DNA hybridization monitoring, protein detection, and virus differentiation without any additional surface modifications or labelling. They all exhibit an extremely high detection sensitivity, reliability, and reproducibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shikuan Yang
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802-6812, USA
| | - Daniel Slotcavage
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802-6812, USA
| | - John D. Mai
- Department of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Feng Guo
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802-6812, USA
| | - Sixing Li
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802-6812, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Yanhui Zhao
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802-6812, USA
| | - Yong Lei
- Center for Innovation Competence & Institute for Physics, Technical University of Ilmenau, 98693 Ilmenau, Germany
| | - Craig E. Cameron
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Tony Jun Huang
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802-6812, USA
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26
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Lang X, You T, Yin P, Tan E, Zhang Y, Huang Y, Zhu H, Ren B, Guo L. In situ identification of crystal facet-mediated chemical reactions on tetrahexahedral gold nanocrystals using surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 15:19337-42. [PMID: 24121935 DOI: 10.1039/c3cp53670j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Direct monitoring of a metal-catalyzed reaction by surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) is always a challenging issue as it needs bifunctional metal structures that have plasmonic properties and also act as catalysts. Here we demonstrate that the tetrahexahedral (THH) gold nanocrystals (Au NCs) with exposed {520} facets give highly enhanced Raman signals from molecules at the interface, permitting in situ observation of chemical transformation from para-aminothiophenol (PATP) to 4,4'-dimercaptoazobenzene (DMAB). The origin of the intense SERS signals of DMAB is carefully investigated based on the comparison of the SERS spectra of PATP obtained with both the THH Au NCs and the Au nanospheres with the exposed {111} facets. It is elucidated that the high-index {520} facet rather than the localized surface plasmons of the THH Au NCs plays a key role in producing a high yield of the product DMAB which is accompanied by the selective enhancement of the characteristic Raman signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiufeng Lang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Environment, Beihang University, Beijing, China.
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27
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Yao Y, Jie K, Zhou Y, Xue M. Water-soluble pillar[6]arene stabilized silver nanoparticles: preparation and application in amino acid detection. Tetrahedron Lett 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2014.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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28
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Schoenbaum CA, Schwartz DK, Medlin JW. Controlling the surface environment of heterogeneous catalysts using self-assembled monolayers. Acc Chem Res 2014; 47:1438-45. [PMID: 24635215 DOI: 10.1021/ar500029y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 223] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Rationally designing and producing suitable catalysts to promote specific reaction pathways remains a major objective in heterogeneous catalysis. One approach involves using traditional catalytic materials modified with self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) to create a more favorable surface environment for specific product formation. A major advantage of SAM-based modifiers is their tendency to form consistent, highly ordered assembly structures on metal surfaces. In addition, both the attachment chemistry and tail structures can easily be tuned to facilitate specific interactions between reactants and the catalyst. In this Account, we summarize our recent modification approaches for tuning monolayer structure to improve catalytic performance for hydrogenation reactions on palladium and platinum catalysts. Each approach serves to direct selectivity by tuning a particular aspect of the system including the availability of specific active sites (active-site selection), intermolecular interactions between the reactants and modifiers (molecular recognition), and general steric or crowding effects. We have demonstrated that the tail moiety can be tuned to control the density of SAM modifiers on the surface. Infrared spectra of adsorbed CO probe molecules reveal that increasing the density of the thiols restricts the availability of contiguous active sites on catalyst terraces while maintaining accessibility to sites located at particle edges and steps. This technique was utilized to direct selectivity for the hydrogenation of furfural. Results obtained from SAM coatings with different surface densities indicated that, for this reaction, formation of the desirable products occurs primarily at particle edges and steps, whereas the undesired pathway occurs on particle terrace sites. As an alternative approach, the tail structure of the SAM precursor can be tuned to promote specific intermolecular interactions between the modifier and reactant in order to position reactant molecules in a desired orientation. This technique was utilized for the hydrogenation of cinnamaldehyde, which contains an aromatic phenyl moiety. By using a phenyl-containing SAM modifier with an appropriate tether length, > 90% selectivity toward reaction of the aldehyde group was achieved. In contrast, employing a modifier where the phenyl moiety was closer to the catalyst surface biased selectivity toward the hydrogenation of the C═C bond due to reorienting the molecule to a more "lying down" conformation. In addition to approaches that target specific interactions between the reactant and modified catalyst, we have demonstrated the use of SAMs to impose a steric or blocking effect, for example, during the hydrogenation of polyunsaturated fatty acids. The SAMs facilitated hydrogenation of polyunsaturated to monounsaturated fatty acids but inhibited further hydrogenation to the completely saturated species due to the sterically hindered, single "kink" shape of the monounsaturated product. The recent contributions discussed in this Account demonstrate the significant potential for this approach to design improved catalysts and to develop a deeper understanding of mechanistic effects due to the near surface environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn A. Schoenbaum
- Department of Chemical and
Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0596, United States
| | - Daniel K. Schwartz
- Department of Chemical and
Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0596, United States
| | - J. Will Medlin
- Department of Chemical and
Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0596, United States
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29
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Zdobinsky T, Sankar Maiti P, Klajn R. Support Curvature and Conformational Freedom Control Chemical Reactivity of Immobilized Species. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 136:2711-4. [DOI: 10.1021/ja411573a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tino Zdobinsky
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Pradipta Sankar Maiti
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Rafal Klajn
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
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30
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Alivisatos AP, Andrews AM, Boyden ES, Chun M, Church GM, Deisseroth K, Donoghue JP, Fraser SE, Lippincott-Schwartz J, Looger LL, Masmanidis S, McEuen PL, Nurmikko AV, Park H, Peterka DS, Reid C, Roukes ML, Scherer A, Schnitzer M, Sejnowski TJ, Shepard KL, Tsao D, Turrigiano G, Weiss PS, Xu C, Yuste R, Zhuang X. Nanotools for neuroscience and brain activity mapping. ACS NANO 2013; 7:1850-66. [PMID: 23514423 PMCID: PMC3665747 DOI: 10.1021/nn4012847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Neuroscience is at a crossroads. Great effort is being invested into deciphering specific neural interactions and circuits. At the same time, there exist few general theories or principles that explain brain function. We attribute this disparity, in part, to limitations in current methodologies. Traditional neurophysiological approaches record the activities of one neuron or a few neurons at a time. Neurochemical approaches focus on single neurotransmitters. Yet, there is an increasing realization that neural circuits operate at emergent levels, where the interactions between hundreds or thousands of neurons, utilizing multiple chemical transmitters, generate functional states. Brains function at the nanoscale, so tools to study brains must ultimately operate at this scale, as well. Nanoscience and nanotechnology are poised to provide a rich toolkit of novel methods to explore brain function by enabling simultaneous measurement and manipulation of activity of thousands or even millions of neurons. We and others refer to this goal as the Brain Activity Mapping Project. In this Nano Focus, we discuss how recent developments in nanoscale analysis tools and in the design and synthesis of nanomaterials have generated optical, electrical, and chemical methods that can readily be adapted for use in neuroscience. These approaches represent exciting areas of technical development and research. Moreover, unique opportunities exist for nanoscientists, nanotechnologists, and other physical scientists and engineers to contribute to tackling the challenging problems involved in understanding the fundamentals of brain function.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Paul Alivisatos
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, and Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720-1460
| | - Anne M. Andrews
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095
- Department of Psychiatry, and Semel Institute for Neuroscience & Human Behavior, Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - Edward S. Boyden
- Media Laboratory, Department of Biological Engineering, Brain and Cognitive Sciences, and McGovern Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | | | - George M. Church
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering and Biophysics Program, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Karl Deisseroth
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford California 94305
- Departments of Bioengineering and Psychiatry, Stanford University, Stanford California 94305
| | - John P. Donoghue
- Department of Neuroscience, Division of Engineering, Department of Computer Science, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912
| | - Scott E. Fraser
- Departments of Biological Sciences, Biomedical Engineering, Physiology and Biophysics, Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, and Pediatrics, Radiology and Ophthalmology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089
| | - Jennifer Lippincott-Schwartz
- Cell Biology and Metabolism Program, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Loren L. Looger
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Janelia Farm Research Campus, Ashburn, Virginia 20147
| | - Sotiris Masmanidis
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095
- Department of Neurobiology, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
- Address correspondence to , , ,
| | - Paul L. McEuen
- Department of Physics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, and Kavli Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853
| | - Arto V. Nurmikko
- Department of Physics and Division of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912
| | - Hongkun Park
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138
| | - Darcy S. Peterka
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027
| | - Clay Reid
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, Washington 98103
| | - Michael L. Roukes
- Kavli Nanoscience Institute, California Institute of Technology, MC 149-33, Pasadena, California 91125
- Departments of Physics, Applied Physics, and Bioengineering, California Institute of Technology, MC 149-33, Pasadena, California 91125
| | - Axel Scherer
- Kavli Nanoscience Institute, California Institute of Technology, MC 149-33, Pasadena, California 91125
- Departments of Electrical Engineering, Applied Physics, and Physics, California Institute of Technology, MC 149-33, Pasadena, California 91125
- Address correspondence to , , ,
| | - Mark Schnitzer
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford California 94305
- Departments of Applied Physics and Biology, James H. Clark Center, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305
| | - Terrence J. Sejnowski
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Computational Neurobiology Laboratory, Salk Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, and Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093
| | - Kenneth L. Shepard
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027
| | - Doris Tsao
- Division of Biology, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125
| | - Gina Turrigiano
- Department of Biology and Center for Complex Systems, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts 02254
| | - Paul S. Weiss
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
- Address correspondence to , , ,
| | - Chris Xu
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853
| | - Rafael Yuste
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027
- Kavli Institute for Brain Science, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027
- Address correspondence to , , ,
| | - Xiaowei Zhuang
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Departments of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138
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31
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Pathem BK, Zheng YB, Morton S, Petersen MÅ, Zhao Y, Chung CH, Yang Y, Jensen L, Nielsen MB, Weiss PS. Photoreaction of matrix-isolated dihydroazulene-functionalized molecules on Au{111}. NANO LETTERS 2013; 13:337-343. [PMID: 23286277 DOI: 10.1021/nl304102n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Dihydroazulenes are photochromic molecules that reversibly switch between two distinct geometric and conductivity states. Molecular design, surface attachment, and precise control over the assembly of such molecular machines are critical in order to understand molecular function and motion at the nanoscale. Here, we use surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy on special atomically flat, plasmonically enhanced substrates to measure the photoreaction kinetics of isolated dihydroazulene-functionalized molecules assembled on Au{111}, which undergo a ring-opening reaction upon illumination with UV light and switch back to the initial isomer via thermal relaxation. Photokinetic analyses reveal the high efficiency of the dihydroazulene photoreaction on solid substrates compared to other photoswitches. An order of magnitude decrease in the photoreaction cross section of surface-bound dihydroazulenes was observed when compared with the cross sections of these molecules in solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bala Krishna Pathem
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
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32
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Li H, Chen DX, Sun YL, Zheng YB, Tan LL, Weiss PS, Yang YW. Viologen-Mediated Assembly of and Sensing with Carboxylatopillar[5]arene-Modified Gold Nanoparticles. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:1570-6. [DOI: 10.1021/ja3115168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 405] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular
Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Dai-Xiong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular
Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Long Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular
Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Yue Bing Zheng
- California NanoSystems Institute and Departments of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Materials Science & Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Li-Li Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular
Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Paul S. Weiss
- California NanoSystems Institute and Departments of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Materials Science & Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Ying-Wei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular
Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
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