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Tang X, Hao Q, Hou X, Lan L, Li M, Yao L, Zhao X, Ni Z, Fan X, Qiu T. Exploring and Engineering 2D Transition Metal Dichalcogenides toward Ultimate SERS Performance. Adv Mater 2024; 36:e2312348. [PMID: 38302855 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202312348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is an ultrasensitive surface analysis technique that is widely used in chemical sensing, bioanalysis, and environmental monitoring. The design of the SERS substrates is crucial for obtaining high-quality SERS signals. Recently, 2D transition metal dichalcogenides (2D TMDs) have emerged as high-performance SERS substrates due to their superior stability, ease of fabrication, biocompatibility, controllable doping, and tunable bandgaps and excitons. In this review, a systematic overview of the latest advancements in 2D TMDs SERS substrates is provided. This review comprehensively summarizes the candidate 2D TMDs SERS materials, elucidates their working principles for SERS, explores the strategies to optimize their SERS performance, and highlights their practical applications. Particularly delved into are the material engineering strategies, including defect engineering, alloy engineering, thickness engineering, and heterojunction engineering. Additionally, the challenges and future prospects associated with the development of 2D TMDs SERS substrates are discussed, outlining potential directions that may lead to significant breakthroughs in practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Tang
- Key Laboratory of Quantum Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education, School of Physics, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China
| | - Qi Hao
- Key Laboratory of Quantum Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education, School of Physics, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China
| | - Xiangyu Hou
- Key Laboratory of Quantum Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education, School of Physics, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117542, Singapore
| | - Leilei Lan
- Key Laboratory of Quantum Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education, School of Physics, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China
- School of Mechanics and Optoelectronic Physics, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, 232001, China
| | - Mingze Li
- Key Laboratory of Quantum Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education, School of Physics, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China
| | - Lei Yao
- Key Laboratory of Quantum Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education, School of Physics, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China
| | - Xing Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Quantum Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education, School of Physics, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China
| | - Zhenhua Ni
- Key Laboratory of Quantum Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education, School of Physics, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China
| | - Xingce Fan
- Key Laboratory of Quantum Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education, School of Physics, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China
| | - Teng Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Quantum Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education, School of Physics, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China
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2
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Jo JS, Lee J, Choi C, Jang JW. Tip-based Lithography with a Sacrificial Layer. Small 2024; 20:e2309484. [PMID: 38287738 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202309484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
The fabrication of a highly controlled gold (Au) nanohole (NH) array via tip-based lithography is improved by incorporating a sacrificial layer-a tip-crash buffer layer. This inclusion mitigates scratches during the nano-indentation process by employing a 300 nm thick poly(methyl methacrylate) layer as a sacrificial layer on top of the Au film. Such a precaution ensures minimal scratches on the Au film, facilitating the creation of sub-50 nm Au NHs with a 15 nm gap between the Au NHs. The precision of this method exceeds that of fabricating Au NHs without a sacrificial layer. Demonstrating its versatility, this Au NH array is utilized in two distinct applications: as a dry etching mask to form a molybdenum disulfide hole array and as a catalyst in metal-assisted chemical etching, resulting in conical-shaped silicon nanostructures. Additionally, a significant electric field is generated when Au nanoparticles (NPs) are placed within the Au NHs. This effect arises from coupling electromagnetic waves, concentrated by the Au NHs and amplified by the Au NPs. A notable result of this configuration is the enhancement factor of surface-enhanced Raman scattering, which is an order of magnitude greater than that observed with just Au NHs and Au NPs alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Sik Jo
- Division of Physics and Semiconductor Science, Dongguk University, Seoul, 04620, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinho Lee
- Division of Physics and Semiconductor Science, Dongguk University, Seoul, 04620, Republic of Korea
| | - Chiwon Choi
- Division of Physics and Semiconductor Science, Dongguk University, Seoul, 04620, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Won Jang
- Division of Physics and Semiconductor Science, Dongguk University, Seoul, 04620, Republic of Korea
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Datta S, Vasini S, Miao X, Liu PQ. Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Sensors Employing a Nanoparticle-On-Liquid-Mirror (NPoLM) Architecture. Small Methods 2024:e2400119. [PMID: 38639023 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202400119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) sensors typically employ nanophotonic structures that support high-field confinement and enhancement in hotspots to increase the Raman scattering from target molecules by orders of magnitude. In general, high field and SERS enhancement can be achieved by reducing the critical dimensions and mode volumes of the hotspots to nanoscale. To this end, a multitude of SERS sensors employing photonic structures with nanometric hotspots have been demonstrated. However, delivering analyte molecules into nanometric hotspots is challenging, and the trade-off between field confinement/enhancement and analyte delivery efficiency is a critical limiting factor for the performance of many nanophotonic SERS sensors. Here, a new type of SERS sensor employing solid-metal nanoparticles and bulk liquid metal is demonstrated to form nanophotonic resonators with a nanoparticle-on-liquid-mirror (NPoLM) architecture, which effectively resolves this trade-off. In particular, this unconventional sensor architecture allows for the convenient formation of nanometric hotspots by introducing liquid metal after analyte molecules are efficiently delivered to the surface of gold nanoparticles. In addition, a cost-effective and reliable process is developed to produce gold nanoparticles on a substrate suitable for forming NPoLM structures. These NPoLM structures achieve two orders of magnitude higher SERS signals than the gold nanoparticles alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shreyan Datta
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, 14260, USA
| | - Shoaib Vasini
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, 14260, USA
| | - Xianglong Miao
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, 14260, USA
| | - Peter Q Liu
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, 14260, USA
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Zheng X, Li J, Lü G, Li X, Lü X, Wu G, Xu L. Machine learning-assisted serum SERS strategy for rapid and non-invasive screening of early cystic echinococcosis. J Biophotonics 2024; 17:e202300376. [PMID: 38163898 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202300376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Early and accurate diagnosis of cystic echinococcosis (CE) with existing technologies is still challenging. Herein, we proposed a novel strategy based on the combination of label-free serum surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectroscopy and machine learning for rapid and non-invasive diagnosis of early-stage CE. Specifically, by establishing early- and middle-stage mouse models, the corresponding CE-infected and normal control serum samples were collected, and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were utilized as the substrate to obtain SERS spectra. The early- and middle-stage discriminant models were developed using a support vector machine, with diagnostic accuracies of 91.7% and 95.7%, respectively. Furthermore, by analyzing the serum SERS spectra, some biomarkers that may be related to early CE were found, including purine metabolites and protein-related amide bands, which was consistent with other biochemical studies. Thus, our findings indicate that label-free serum SERS analysis is a potential early-stage CE detection method that is promising for clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangxiang Zheng
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Control Theory & Applications in Complicated Systems, School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Jintian Li
- School of Public Healthy, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Guodong Lü
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, Clinical Medical Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Xiaojing Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Control Theory & Applications in Complicated Systems, School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaoyi Lü
- School of Software, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China
| | - Guohua Wu
- School of Electronic Engineering, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China
| | - Liang Xu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Control Theory & Applications in Complicated Systems, School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, China
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Yu Q, Wu Y, Kang T, Choo J. Development of surface-enhanced Raman scattering-based immunoassay platforms using hollow Au nanostars for reliable SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2021; 42:1699-1705. [PMID: 34898787 PMCID: PMC8653018 DOI: 10.1002/bkcs.12418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
We developed a novel surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS)‐based SARS‐CoV‐2 assay platform using hollow Au nanostars to realize high‐sensitivity diagnosis of SARS‐CoV‐2. The assay was performed using SARS‐CoV‐2 lysate as the target in a wide dynamic range with virus concentrations ranging from 0 to 104 PFU/ml and has a limit of detection (LOD) of 5.1 PFU/ml. This LOD value shows 100 times and 10 times better sensitivity compared to the LODs measured on the same sample using a commercially available rapid kit and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. Therefore, we believe that this SERS‐based SARS‐CoV‐2 assay platform has high diagnostic accuracy for early or asymptomatic infected patients with low virus concentrations. Furthermore, the probability of a false‐negative diagnosis is likely to be very low.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Yu
- Department of Chemistry, Chung-Ang University Seoul South Korea
| | - Yixuan Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Chung-Ang University Seoul South Korea
| | - Taejoon Kang
- Bionanotechnology Research Center Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB) Daejeon South Korea
| | - Jaebum Choo
- Department of Chemistry, Chung-Ang University Seoul South Korea
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Wang J, Koo KM, Wang Y, Trau M. Engineering State-of-the-Art Plasmonic Nanomaterials for SERS-Based Clinical Liquid Biopsy Applications. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2019; 6:1900730. [PMID: 31832306 PMCID: PMC6891916 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201900730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Precision oncology, defined as the use of the molecular understanding of cancer to implement personalized patient treatment, is currently at the heart of revolutionizing oncology practice. Due to the need for repeated molecular tumor analyses in facilitating precision oncology, liquid biopsies, which involve the detection of noninvasive cancer biomarkers in circulation, may be a critical key. Yet, existing liquid biopsy analysis technologies are still undergoing an evolution to address the challenges of analyzing trace quantities of circulating tumor biomarkers reliably and cost effectively. Consequently, the recent emergence of cutting-edge plasmonic nanomaterials represents a paradigm shift in harnessing the unique merits of surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) biosensing platforms for clinical liquid biopsy applications. Herein, an expansive review on the design/synthesis of a new generation of diverse plasmonic nanomaterials, and an updated evaluation of their demonstrated SERS-based uses in liquid biopsies, such as circulating tumor cells, tumor-derived extracellular vesicles, as well as circulating cancer proteins, and tumor nucleic acids is presented. Existing challenges impeding the clinical translation of plasmonic nanomaterials for SERS-based liquid biopsy applications are also identified, and outlooks and insights into advancing this rapidly growing field for practical patient use are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Centre for Personalized NanomedicineAustralian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN)The University of QueenslandBrisbaneQLD4072Australia
| | - Kevin M. Koo
- Centre for Personalized NanomedicineAustralian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN)The University of QueenslandBrisbaneQLD4072Australia
| | - Yuling Wang
- Department of Molecular SciencesARC Excellence Centre for Nanoscale BioPhotonicsFaculty of Science and EngineeringMacquarie UniversitySydneyNSW2109Australia
| | - Matt Trau
- Centre for Personalized NanomedicineAustralian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN)The University of QueenslandBrisbaneQLD4072Australia
- School of Chemistry and Molecular BiosciencesThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneQLD4072Australia
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7
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Xu K, Zhou R, Takei K, Hong M. Toward Flexible Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) Sensors for Point-of-Care Diagnostics. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2019; 6:1900925. [PMID: 31453071 PMCID: PMC6702763 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201900925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 212] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2019] [Revised: 05/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectroscopy provides a noninvasive and highly sensitive route for fingerprint and label-free detection of a wide range of molecules. Recently, flexible SERS has attracted increasingly tremendous research interest due to its unique advantages compared to rigid substrate-based SERS. Here, the latest advances in flexible substrate-based SERS diagnostic devices are investigated in-depth. First, the intriguing prospect of point-of-care diagnostics is briefly described, followed by an introduction to the cutting-edge SERS technique. Then, the focus is moved from conventional rigid substrate-based SERS to the emerging flexible SERS technique. The main part of this report highlights the recent three categories of flexible SERS substrates, including actively tunable SERS, swab-sampling strategy, and the in situ SERS detection approach. Furthermore, other promising means of flexible SERS are also introduced. The flexible SERS substrates with low-cost, batch-fabrication, and easy-to-operate characteristics can be integrated into portable Raman spectroscopes for point-of-care diagnostics, which are conceivable to penetrate global markets and households as next-generation wearable sensors in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaichen Xu
- Department of Electrical and Computer EngineeringNational University of Singapore4 Engineering Drive 3Singapore117576Singapore
- Department of Physics and ElectronicsOsaka Prefecture University SakaiOsaka599‐8531Japan
| | - Rui Zhou
- School of Aerospace EngineeringXiamen University422 Siming South Road, Siming DistrictXiamenFujian361005P. R. China
| | - Kuniharu Takei
- Department of Physics and ElectronicsOsaka Prefecture University SakaiOsaka599‐8531Japan
| | - Minghui Hong
- Department of Electrical and Computer EngineeringNational University of Singapore4 Engineering Drive 3Singapore117576Singapore
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Yang L, Peng Y, Yang Y, Liu J, Huang H, Yu B, Zhao J, Lu Y, Huang Z, Li Z, Lombardi JR. A Novel Ultra-Sensitive Semiconductor SERS Substrate Boosted by the Coupled Resonance Effect. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2019; 6:1900310. [PMID: 31380169 PMCID: PMC6662085 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201900310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2019] [Revised: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Recent achievements in semiconductor surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrates have greatly expanded the application of SERS technique in various fields. However, exploring novel ultra-sensitive semiconductor SERS materials is a high-priority task. Here, a new semiconductor SERS-active substrate, Ta2O5, is developed and an important strategy, the "coupled resonance" effect, is presented, to optimize the SERS performance of semiconductor materials by energy band engineering. The optimized Mo-doped Ta2O5 substrate exhibits a remarkable SERS sensitivity with an enhancement factor of 2.2 × 107 and a very low detection limit of 9 × 10-9 m for methyl violet (MV) molecules, demonstrating one of the highest sensitivities among those reported for semiconductor SERS substrates. This remarkable enhancement can be attributed to the synergistic resonance enhancement of three components under 532 nm laser excitation: i) MV molecular resonance, ii) photoinduced charge transfer resonance between MV molecules and Ta2O5 nanorods, and iii) electromagnetic enhancement around the "gap" and "tip" of anisotropic Ta2O5 nanorods. Furthermore, it is discovered that the concomitant photoinduced degradation of the probed molecules in the time-scale of SERS detection is a non-negligible factor that limits the SERS performance of semiconductors with photocatalytic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Yang
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine MicrostructuresShanghai Institute of CeramicsChinese Academy of Sciences1295 Dingxi RoadShanghai200050P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesNo.19(A) Yuquan RoadBeijing100049P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics EngineeringUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049P. R. China
| | - Yusi Peng
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine MicrostructuresShanghai Institute of CeramicsChinese Academy of Sciences1295 Dingxi RoadShanghai200050P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesNo.19(A) Yuquan RoadBeijing100049P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics EngineeringUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049P. R. China
| | - Yong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine MicrostructuresShanghai Institute of CeramicsChinese Academy of Sciences1295 Dingxi RoadShanghai200050P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesNo.19(A) Yuquan RoadBeijing100049P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics EngineeringUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049P. R. China
| | - Jianjun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine MicrostructuresShanghai Institute of CeramicsChinese Academy of Sciences1295 Dingxi RoadShanghai200050P. R. China
| | - Haoliang Huang
- National Synchrotron Radiation LaboratoryUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei230026P. R. China
| | - Bohan Yu
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesNo.19(A) Yuquan RoadBeijing100049P. R. China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter PhysicsInstitute of PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190P. R. China
| | - Jimin Zhao
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesNo.19(A) Yuquan RoadBeijing100049P. R. China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter PhysicsInstitute of PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190P. R. China
| | - Yalin Lu
- National Synchrotron Radiation LaboratoryUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei230026P. R. China
| | - Zhengren Huang
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine MicrostructuresShanghai Institute of CeramicsChinese Academy of Sciences1295 Dingxi RoadShanghai200050P. R. China
| | - Zhiyuan Li
- South China University of TechnologyGuangzhou510640GuangdongP. R. China
| | - John R. Lombardi
- Department of ChemistryThe City College of New York160 Convent AvenueNew YorkNY10031USA
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Zhang Z, Fang Y, Wang W, Chen L, Sun M. Propagating Surface Plasmon Polaritons: Towards Applications for Remote-Excitation Surface Catalytic Reactions. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2016; 3:1500215. [PMID: 27774380 PMCID: PMC5061028 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201500215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Revised: 07/10/2015] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Plasmonics is a well-established field, exploiting the interaction of light and metals at the nanoscale; with the help of surface plasmon polaritons, remote-excitation can also be observed by using silver or gold plasmonic waveguides. Recently, plasmonic catalysis was established as a new exciting platform for heterogeneous catalytic reactions. Recent reports present remote-excitation surface catalytic reactions as a route to enhance the rate of chemical reactions, and offer a pathway to control surface catalytic reactions. In this review, we focus on recent advanced reports on silver plasmonic waveguide for remote-excitation surface catalytic reactions. First, the synthesis methods and characterization techniques of sivelr nanowire plasmonic waveguides are summarized, and the properties and physical mechanisms of plasmonic waveguides are presented in detail. Then, the applications of plasmonic waveguides including remote excitation fluorescence and SERS are introduced, and we focus on the field of remote-excitation surface catalytic reactions. Finally, forecasts are made for possible future applications for the remote-excitation surface catalysis by plasmonic waveguides in living cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenglong Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics Institute of Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 P.R. China; Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology Albert-Einstein-Str. 907745 Jena Germany
| | - Yurui Fang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics Institute of Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 P.R. China; Division of Bionanophotonics Department of Applied Physics Chalmers University of Technology Gothenburg SE-412 96 Sweden
| | - Wenhui Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics Institute of Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 P.R. China; School of Science Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 China
| | - Li Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics Institute of Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 P.R. China; Material Science and Engineering University of California San Diego CA 92093 USA
| | - Mengtao Sun
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics Institute of Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 P.R. China
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van Schrojenstein Lantman EM, Gijzeman OLJ, Mank AJG, Weckhuysen BM. Investigation of the Kinetics of a Surface Photocatalytic Reaction in Two Dimensions with Surface-enhanced Raman Scattering. ChemCatChem 2014; 6:3342-3346. [PMID: 27158273 PMCID: PMC4834625 DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201402647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2014] [Revised: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Heterogeneous catalysis is a surface phenomenon. Yet, though the catalysis itself takes place on surfaces, the reactants and products rapidly take the form of another physical state, as either a liquid or a gas. Catalytic reactions within a self‐assembled monolayer are confined within two dimensions, as the molecules involved do not leave the surface. Surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy is an ideal technique to probe these self‐assembled monolayers as it gives molecular information in a measured volume limited to the surface. We show how surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy can be used to determine the reaction kinetics of a two‐dimensional reaction. As a proof of principle, we study the photocatalytic reduction of p‐nitrothiophenol. A study of the reaction rate and dilution effects leads to the conclusion that a dimerization must take place as one of the reaction steps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelien M van Schrojenstein Lantman
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht (The Netherlands)
| | - Onno L J Gijzeman
- Condensed Matter and Interfaces, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 1, 3584 CC Utrecht (The Netherlands)
| | - Arjan J G Mank
- Materials Analysis-MiPlaza, Philips Innovation Services, High Tech Campus 11, 5656 AE Eindhoven (The Netherlands)
| | - Bert M Weckhuysen
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht (The Netherlands)
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