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Muhammed Y, Lazenby RA. Scanning ion conductance microscopy revealed cisplatin-induced morphological changes related to apoptosis in single adenocarcinoma cells. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2024; 16:503-514. [PMID: 38167666 DOI: 10.1039/d3ay01827j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
The studies of drug-induced apoptosis play a vital role in the identification of potential drugs that could treat diseases such as cancer. Alterations in the native morphology of cancer cells following treatment with anticancer drugs serve as one of the indicators that reveal drug efficacy. Various techniques such as optical microscopy, electron microscopy (EM), and atomic force microscopy (AFM) have been used to map the three dimensional (3D) morphological changes in cells induced with drugs. However, caution should be exercised when interpreting morphological data from techniques that might alter the native morphology of cells, caused by phototoxicity, electron beam invasiveness, intrusive sample preparation, and cell membrane deformation. Herein, we have used scanning ion conductance microscopy (SICM) to study the 3D morphology and roughness of A549 adenocarcinoma cells under physiological conditions before and after cisplatin induced apoptosis, where we observed an increase in height, overall shrinkage of the cells, and irregular features form on the cell membrane. Tracking the morphology of the same single A549 cells exposed to cisplatin unveiled heterogeneity in response to the drug, formation of membrane blebs, and an increase in membrane roughness. We have also demonstrated the use of SICM for studying the effect of cisplatin on the dynamic changes in the volume of A549 cells over days. SICM is demonstrated as a technique for studying the effect of drug induced apoptosis in the same cells over time, and for multiple different single cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuf Muhammed
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4390, USA.
| | - Robert A Lazenby
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4390, USA.
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2
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Takahashi Y, Sasaki Y, Yoshida T, Honda K, Zhou Y, Miyamoto T, Motoo T, Higashi H, Shevchuk A, Korchev Y, Ida H, Hanayama R, Fukuma T. Nanopipette Fabrication Guidelines for SICM Nanoscale Imaging. Anal Chem 2023; 95:12664-12672. [PMID: 37599426 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c01010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Scanning ion conductance microscopy (SICM) is a promising tool for visualizing the dynamics of nanoscale cell surface topography. However, there are still no guidelines for fabricating nanopipettes with ideal shape consisting of small apertures and thin glass walls. Therefore, most of the SICM imaging has been at a standstill at the submicron scale. In this study, we established a simple and highly reproducible method for the fabrication of nanopipettes with sub-20 nm apertures. To validate the improvement in the spatial resolution, we performed time-lapse imaging of the formation and disappearance of endocytic pits as a model of nanoscale time-lapse topographic imaging. We have also successfully imaged the localization of the hot spot and the released extracellular vesicles. The nanopipette fabrication guidelines for the SICM nanoscale topographic imaging can be an essential tool for understanding cell-cell communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasufumi Takahashi
- Department of Electronics, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
- Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-NanoLSI), Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Yuya Sasaki
- Division of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Takeshi Yoshida
- Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-NanoLSI), Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Kota Honda
- Department of Electronics, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Yuanshu Zhou
- Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-NanoLSI), Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Takafumi Miyamoto
- Division of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Tomoko Motoo
- Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-NanoLSI), Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Hiroki Higashi
- Division of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Andrew Shevchuk
- Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, U.K
| | - Yuri Korchev
- Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-NanoLSI), Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
- Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, U.K
| | - Hiroki Ida
- Department of Electronics, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Rikinari Hanayama
- Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-NanoLSI), Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Takeshi Fukuma
- Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-NanoLSI), Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
- Division of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
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3
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Nakazawa K, Tsukamoto T, Iwata F. Scanning ion conductance microscope with a capacitance-compensated current source amplifier. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2023; 94:073705. [PMID: 37466407 DOI: 10.1063/5.0150948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
A high-speed imaging method for a scanning ion conductance microscope (SICM) based on a current source amplifier that compensates for unavoidable capacitance is proposed. The capacitance is generated on a side wall of a nanopipette in the principle of the SICM. The electrical response time is deteriorated due to the capacitance, and the probe overshoots the setpoint of the detection of the sample surface. A capacitance compensation circuit was installed in a feedback circuit of the current source amplifier. The proposed capacitance compensation method is useful because it can shorten the imaging time by only installing the compensation circuit in the ion current detection circuit of an existing SICM. The maximum approaching speeds with and without capacitance compensation were found to be 1050 and 450 µm/s, respectively. The approaching speed with capacitance compensation was 2.3 times faster than that without capacitance compensation. A topographic image of the test sample was successfully obtained at an approaching speed of 1050 µm/s. The images of microvillus dynamics of COS-7 cells were obtained at ∼23.4 s/frame as an application of the developed technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenta Nakazawa
- Graduate School of Integrated Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 3-5-1 Johoku, Naka-ku, Hamamatsu 432-8561, Japan
| | - Teruki Tsukamoto
- Graduate School of Integrated Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 3-5-1 Johoku, Naka-ku, Hamamatsu 432-8561, Japan
| | - Futoshi Iwata
- Graduate School of Integrated Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 3-5-1 Johoku, Naka-ku, Hamamatsu 432-8561, Japan
- Graduate School of Medical Photonics, Shizuoka University, 3-5-1 Johoku, Naka-ku, Hamamatsu 432-8011, Japan
- Research Institute of Electronics, Shizuoka University, 3-5-1 Johoku, Naka-ku, Hamamatsu 432-8011, Japan
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4
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Al-Rekabi Z, Dondi C, Faruqui N, Siddiqui NS, Elowsson L, Rissler J, Kåredal M, Mudway I, Larsson-Callerfelt AK, Shaw M. Uncovering the cytotoxic effects of air pollution with multi-modal imaging of in vitro respiratory models. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2023; 10:221426. [PMID: 37063998 PMCID: PMC10090883 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.221426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Annually, an estimated seven million deaths are linked to exposure to airborne pollutants. Despite extensive epidemiological evidence supporting clear associations between poor air quality and a range of short- and long-term health effects, there are considerable gaps in our understanding of the specific mechanisms by which pollutant exposure induces adverse biological responses at the cellular and tissue levels. The development of more complex, predictive, in vitro respiratory models, including two- and three-dimensional cell cultures, spheroids, organoids and tissue cultures, along with more realistic aerosol exposure systems, offers new opportunities to investigate the cytotoxic effects of airborne particulates under controlled laboratory conditions. Parallel advances in high-resolution microscopy have resulted in a range of in vitro imaging tools capable of visualizing and analysing biological systems across unprecedented scales of length, time and complexity. This article considers state-of-the-art in vitro respiratory models and aerosol exposure systems and how they can be interrogated using high-resolution microscopy techniques to investigate cell-pollutant interactions, from the uptake and trafficking of particles to structural and functional modification of subcellular organelles and cells. These data can provide a mechanistic basis from which to advance our understanding of the health effects of airborne particulate pollution and develop improved mitigation measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab Al-Rekabi
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, UK
| | - Camilla Dondi
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, UK
| | - Nilofar Faruqui
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, UK
| | - Nazia S. Siddiqui
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, University College London, London, UK
- Kingston Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Kingston upon Thames, UK
| | - Linda Elowsson
- Lung Biology, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Jenny Rissler
- Bioeconomy and Health, RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Lund, Sweden
- Ergonomics and Aerosol Technology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Monica Kåredal
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Ian Mudway
- MRC Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- National Institute of Health Protection Research Unit in Environmental Exposures and Health, London, UK
- Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London, UK
| | | | - Michael Shaw
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, UK
- Department of Computer Science, University College London, London, UK
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5
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Alijagic A, Scherbak N, Kotlyar O, Karlsson P, Wang X, Odnevall I, Benada O, Amiryousefi A, Andersson L, Persson A, Felth J, Andersson H, Larsson M, Hedbrant A, Salihovic S, Hyötyläinen T, Repsilber D, Särndahl E, Engwall M. A Novel Nanosafety Approach Using Cell Painting, Metabolomics, and Lipidomics Captures the Cellular and Molecular Phenotypes Induced by the Unintentionally Formed Metal-Based (Nano)Particles. Cells 2023; 12:281. [PMID: 36672217 PMCID: PMC9856453 DOI: 10.3390/cells12020281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Additive manufacturing (AM) or industrial 3D printing uses cutting-edge technologies and materials to produce a variety of complex products. However, the effects of the unintentionally emitted AM (nano)particles (AMPs) on human cells following inhalation, require further investigations. The physicochemical characterization of the AMPs, extracted from the filter of a Laser Powder Bed Fusion (L-PBF) 3D printer of iron-based materials, disclosed their complexity, in terms of size, shape, and chemistry. Cell Painting, a high-content screening (HCS) assay, was used to detect the subtle morphological changes elicited by the AMPs at the single cell resolution. The profiling of the cell morphological phenotypes, disclosed prominent concentration-dependent effects on the cytoskeleton, mitochondria, and the membranous structures of the cell. Furthermore, lipidomics confirmed that the AMPs induced the extensive membrane remodeling in the lung epithelial and macrophage co-culture cell model. To further elucidate the biological mechanisms of action, the targeted metabolomics unveiled several inflammation-related metabolites regulating the cell response to the AMP exposure. Overall, the AMP exposure led to the internalization, oxidative stress, cytoskeleton disruption, mitochondrial activation, membrane remodeling, and metabolic reprogramming of the lung epithelial cells and macrophages. We propose the approach of integrating Cell Painting with metabolomics and lipidomics, as an advanced nanosafety methodology, increasing the ability to capture the cellular and molecular phenotypes and the relevant biological mechanisms to the (nano)particle exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andi Alijagic
- Man-Technology-Environment Research Center (MTM), Örebro University, SE-701 82 Örebro, Sweden
- Inflammatory Response and Infection Susceptibility Centre (iRiSC), Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, SE-701 82 Örebro, Sweden
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, SE-701 82 Örebro, Sweden
| | - Nikolai Scherbak
- Man-Technology-Environment Research Center (MTM), Örebro University, SE-701 82 Örebro, Sweden
| | - Oleksandr Kotlyar
- Man-Technology-Environment Research Center (MTM), Örebro University, SE-701 82 Örebro, Sweden
- Centre for Applied Autonomous Sensor Systems (AASS), Mobile Robotics and Olfaction Lab (MRO), Örebro University, SE-701 82 Örebro, Sweden
| | - Patrik Karlsson
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Örebro University, SE-701 82 Örebro, Sweden
| | - Xuying Wang
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Department of Chemistry, Division of Surface and Corrosion Science, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Inger Odnevall
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Department of Chemistry, Division of Surface and Corrosion Science, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
- AIMES—Center for the Advancement of Integrated Medical and Engineering Sciences at Karolinska Institutet and KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Oldřich Benada
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 140 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ali Amiryousefi
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, SE-701 82 Örebro, Sweden
| | - Lena Andersson
- Inflammatory Response and Infection Susceptibility Centre (iRiSC), Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, SE-701 82 Örebro, Sweden
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, SE-701 82 Örebro, Sweden
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Örebro University Hospital, SE-701 85 Örebro, Sweden
| | - Alexander Persson
- Inflammatory Response and Infection Susceptibility Centre (iRiSC), Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, SE-701 82 Örebro, Sweden
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, SE-701 82 Örebro, Sweden
| | | | | | - Maria Larsson
- Man-Technology-Environment Research Center (MTM), Örebro University, SE-701 82 Örebro, Sweden
| | - Alexander Hedbrant
- Inflammatory Response and Infection Susceptibility Centre (iRiSC), Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, SE-701 82 Örebro, Sweden
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, SE-701 82 Örebro, Sweden
| | - Samira Salihovic
- Man-Technology-Environment Research Center (MTM), Örebro University, SE-701 82 Örebro, Sweden
- Inflammatory Response and Infection Susceptibility Centre (iRiSC), Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, SE-701 82 Örebro, Sweden
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, SE-701 82 Örebro, Sweden
| | - Tuulia Hyötyläinen
- Man-Technology-Environment Research Center (MTM), Örebro University, SE-701 82 Örebro, Sweden
| | - Dirk Repsilber
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, SE-701 82 Örebro, Sweden
| | - Eva Särndahl
- Inflammatory Response and Infection Susceptibility Centre (iRiSC), Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, SE-701 82 Örebro, Sweden
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, SE-701 82 Örebro, Sweden
| | - Magnus Engwall
- Man-Technology-Environment Research Center (MTM), Örebro University, SE-701 82 Örebro, Sweden
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Shen F, Li D, Guo J, Chen J. Mechanistic toxicity assessment of differently sized and charged polystyrene nanoparticles based on human placental cells. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 223:118960. [PMID: 35988336 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Nanoplastics, as emerging contaminants, may be degraded from microplastics and released into aquatic systems globally, which pose threats to human health via ingestion with food or water. Although plastic fragments have been isolated from placental tissues in pregnant women, little is known about the direct toxicity of nanoplastics on human placental cells that plays a critical role in maintaining healthy growth of fetus. This study explored the mechanistic toxicity of polystyrene nanoplastics (PS-NPs) with different sizes (25, 50, 100 and 500 nm) and surface charges (-NH2, -COOH and unlabeled) on human placental cells. Results showed that PS-NPs had size- and surface charge-specific toxicity pattern. The smaller the PS-NP size was, the greater the toxicity induced on human placental cells. In terms of surface charges, NH2-labeled PS-NPs caused greater effects on cytotoxicity, inhibition of protein kinase A (PKA) activity, oxidative stress, and cell cycle arrest compared to COOH-labeled and unmodified PS-NPs. PS-NPs also induced size- and surface charge-dependent expression profiles of genes involved in various and interrelated toxicity pathways. In particular, PS-NPs increased intracellular reactive oxygen species in human placental cells, which can induce DNA damage and lead to cell cycle arrest in G1or G2 phase, inflammation and apoptosis. Our findings provide empirical evidences that the negative effects of nanoplastics on human placental cells, and highlight the necessity to conduct risk assessment of nanoplastics on female reproduction and fetal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanglin Shen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP(3)), Fudan Tyndall Center, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Dan Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP(3)), Fudan Tyndall Center, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Jianhua Guo
- Australian Centre for Water and Environmental Biotechnology (ACWEB, formerly AWMC), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Jianmin Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP(3)), Fudan Tyndall Center, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
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7
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Sun L, Yeo T, Middha E, Gao Y, Lim CT, Watanabe S, Liu B. In Situ Visualization of Dynamic Cellular Effects of Phospholipid Nanoparticles via High-Speed Scanning Ion Conductance Microscopy. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2203285. [PMID: 35946985 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202203285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Phospholipid nanoparticles have been actively employed for numerous biomedical applications. A key factor in ensuring effective and safe applications of these nanomaterials is the regulation of their interactions with target cells, which is significantly dependent on an in-depth understanding of the nanoparticle-cell interactions. To date, most studies investigating these nano-bio interactions have been performed under static conditions and may lack crucial real-time information. It is, however, noteworthy that the nanoparticle-cell interactions are highly dynamic. Consequently, to gain a deeper insight into the cellular effects of phospholipid nanoparticles, real-time observation of cellular dynamics after nanoparticle introduction is necessary. Herein, a proof-of-concept in situ visualization of the dynamic cellular effects of sub-100 nm phospholipid nanoparticles using high-speed scanning ion conductance microscopy (HS-SICM) is reported. It is revealed that upon introduction into the cellular environment, within a short timescale of hundreds of seconds, phospholipid nanoparticles can selectively modulate the edge motility and surface roughness of healthy fibroblast and cancerous epithelial cells. Furthermore, the dynamic deformation profiles of these cells can be selectively altered in the presence of phospholipid nanoparticles. This work is anticipated to further shed light on the real-time nanoparticle-cell interactions for improved formulation of phospholipid nanoparticles for numerous bioapplications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linhao Sun
- Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-NanoLSI), Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Trifanny Yeo
- Institute for Health Innovation and Technology, National University of Singapore, MD6, 14 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
| | - Eshu Middha
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore, 117585, Singapore
| | - Yuji Gao
- Institute for Health Innovation and Technology, National University of Singapore, MD6, 14 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
| | - Chwee Teck Lim
- Institute for Health Innovation and Technology, National University of Singapore, MD6, 14 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 9 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore, 117575, Singapore
| | - Shinji Watanabe
- Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-NanoLSI), Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore, 117585, Singapore
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8
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Ruan H, Zhang X, Yuan J, Fang X. Effect of water-soluble fullerenes on macrophage surface ultrastructure revealed by scanning ion conductance microscopy. RSC Adv 2022; 12:22197-22201. [PMID: 36043103 PMCID: PMC9364078 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra02403a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
C60-fullerenes have unique potential in antiviral, drug delivery, photodynamic therapy and other biomedical applications. However, little is known about their effects on macrophage surface morphology and ultrastructure. Here by using contact-free scanning ion conductance microscopy (SICM), we investigated the effects of two water-soluble fullerenes on the surface ultrastructure and function of macrophages. The results showed that these fullerenes would be a promising phagocytosis inhibitor and SICM would be an excellent tool to study the morphological information of adhesive and fragile samples. Nanoscale morphological changes of macrophages characterized by contact-free SICM and their relationship with phagocytosis after C60-fullerene treatment demonstrate they are a potential phagocytosis inhibitor.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Hefei Ruan
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China .,Tsinghua-Peking University Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University Beijing China
| | - Xuejie Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Assessment Toward Basic Education Quality, Beijing Normal University Beijing China
| | - Jinghe Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Xiaohong Fang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
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9
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Zhou Y, Sun L, Watanabe S, Ando T. Recent Advances in the Glass Pipet: from Fundament to Applications. Anal Chem 2021; 94:324-335. [PMID: 34841859 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c04462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanshu Zhou
- WPI Nano Life Science Institute, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Linhao Sun
- WPI Nano Life Science Institute, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Shinji Watanabe
- WPI Nano Life Science Institute, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Toshio Ando
- WPI Nano Life Science Institute, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
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10
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Abstract
Scanning ion conductance microscopy (SICM) has emerged as a versatile tool for studies of interfaces in biology and materials science with notable utility in biophysical and electrochemical measurements. The heart of the SICM is a nanometer-scale electrolyte filled glass pipette that serves as a scanning probe. In the initial conception, manipulations of ion currents through the tip of the pipette and appropriate positioning hardware provided a route to recording micro- and nanoscopic mapping of the topography of surfaces. Subsequent advances in instrumentation, probe design, and methods significantly increased opportunities for SICM beyond recording topography. Hybridization of SICM with coincident characterization techniques such as optical microscopy and faradaic electrodes have brought SICM to the forefront as a tool for nanoscale chemical measurement for a wide range of applications. Modern approaches to SICM realize an important tool in analytical, bioanalytical, biophysical, and materials measurements, where significant opportunities remain for further exploration. In this review, we chronicle the development of SICM from the perspective of both the development of instrumentation and methods and the breadth of measurements performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Kaixiang Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Natasha P Siepser
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Lane A Baker
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
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11
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Jiao Y, Zhuang J, Zhang T, He L. Research on the Adaptive Sensitivity Scanning Method for Ion Conductance Microscopy with High Efficiency and Reliability. Anal Chem 2021; 93:12296-12304. [PMID: 34347443 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c01918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Scanning ion conductance microscopy (SICM) is a type of in situ measurement technology for noncontact detection of samples in electrolytes with nanoscale resolution and has been used increasingly in biomedical and electrochemical fields in recent years. However, there is an inherent contradiction in the technique that makes SICM's sensitivity and accuracy difficult to balance. Higher sensitivity allows for faster probe speeds and higher scanning reliability but leads to lower accuracy, and vice versa. To resolve this problem, an adaptive sensitivity scanning method is proposed here that is designed to increase SICM's imaging efficiency without reducing its scanning reliability and accuracy. In the proposed scanning method, the sensitivity is automatically switched via the bias voltage based on the probe-sample distance. When the probe is located far away from the sample, the probe then predetects the sample position rapidly with high sensitivity. When the sample has been sensed in the high-sensitivity phase, the probe then detects the sample with low sensitivity. The basic theory and the feasibility of the alterable sensitivity detection strategy is also studied using the finite element method (FEM) and by performing experiments in this work. Finally, through testing of the standard silicon and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) samples, the proposed method is shown to increase SICM imaging efficiency significantly by up to 5 times relative to the conventional hopping mode without sacrificing the scanning accuracy and reliability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangbohan Jiao
- Key Laboratory of Education Ministry for Modern Design Rotor-Bearing System, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.,School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Jian Zhuang
- Key Laboratory of Education Ministry for Modern Design Rotor-Bearing System, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.,School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Langchong He
- College of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
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12
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Klenerman D, Korchev Y, Novak P, Shevchuk A. Noncontact Nanoscale Imaging of Cells. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (PALO ALTO, CALIF.) 2021; 14:347-361. [PMID: 34314223 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-anchem-091420-120101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The reduction in ion current as a fine pipette approaches a cell surface allows the cell surface topography to be imaged, with nanoscale resolution, without contact with the delicate cell surface. A variety of different methods have been developed and refined to scan the topography of the dynamic cell surface at high resolution and speed. Measurement of cell topography can be complemented by performing local probing or mapping of the cell surface using the same pipette. This can be done by performing single-channel recording, applying force, delivering agonists, using pipettes fabricated to contain an electrochemical probe, or combining with fluorescence imaging. These methods in combination have great potential to image and map the surface of live cells at the nanoscale.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Klenerman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom;
| | - Yuri Korchev
- Imperial College Faculty of Medicine, London Centre for Nanotechnology, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
- Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-NanoLSI), Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Pavel Novak
- Imperial College Faculty of Medicine, London Centre for Nanotechnology, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
- National University of Science and Technology (MISiS), Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Andrew Shevchuk
- Imperial College Faculty of Medicine, London Centre for Nanotechnology, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
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13
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Taira N, Nashimoto Y, Ino K, Ida H, Imaizumi T, Kumatani A, Takahashi Y, Shiku H. Micropipet-Based Navigation in a Microvascular Model for Imaging Endothelial Cell Topography Using Scanning Ion Conductance Microscopy. Anal Chem 2021; 93:4902-4908. [PMID: 33710857 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c05174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Scanning ion conductance microscopy (SICM) has enabled cell surface topography at a high resolution with low invasiveness. However, SICM has not been applied to the observation of cell surfaces in hydrogels, which can serve as scaffolds for three-dimensional cell culture. In this study, we applied SICM for imaging a cell surface in a microvascular lumen reconstructed in a hydrogel. To achieve this goal, we developed a micropipet navigation technique using ionic current to detect the position of a microvascular lumen. Combining this navigation technique with SICM, endothelial cells in a microvascular model and blebs were visualized successfully at the single-cell level. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on visualizing cell surfaces in hydrogels using a SICM. This technique will be useful for furthering our understanding of the mechanism of intravascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriko Taira
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan
| | - Yuji Nashimoto
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan.,Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan.,Frontier Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Sciences (FRIS), Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
| | - Kosuke Ino
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan.,Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan
| | - Hiroki Ida
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan.,Frontier Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Sciences (FRIS), Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan.,WPI-Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8577, Japan.,Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO), Science and Technology Agency (JST), Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Takuto Imaizumi
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan
| | - Akichika Kumatani
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan.,WPI-Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8577, Japan.,WPI-International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan.,Center for Science and Innovation in Spintronics, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8577, Japan
| | - Yasufumi Takahashi
- Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO), Science and Technology Agency (JST), Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan.,WPI-Nano Life Science Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Shiku
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan.,Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan
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14
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Analysis and improvement of positioning reliability and accuracy of theta pipette configuration for scanning ion conductance microscopy. Ultramicroscopy 2021; 224:113240. [PMID: 33689886 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultramic.2021.113240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Scanning ion conductance microscopy (SICM) as an emerging non-contact scanning probe microscopy technique and featuring its strong in-situ detectability for soft and viscous samples, is increasingly used in biomedical and materials related studies. In SICM measurements, employing theta pipette as SICM probe to scan sample is an effective method to extend the applications of SICM for multi-parameter measurement. There are two crucial but still unclear issues that influence the reliability and accuracy of the usage of theta pipette in the SICM measurements, which are the safe feedback threshold and the horizontal measurement offset. In this work, aiming at the theta pipette configuration of SICM, we systematically investigated the two issues of the theta pipette by both finite element method (FEM) simulation and SICM experiments. The FEM analysis results show that the safe feedback threshold of the one side barrel of the theta pipette is above 99.5%, and the horizontal measurement offset is ~0.53 times of the inner radius of the probe tip. Based on this, we proposed an improved scanning method used by the theta pipette to solve the reliability and accuracy problems caused by the feedback threshold too close to the reference current (100%) and the measurement offset error at the tip radius level. Then through testing the polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) samples with different embossed patterns with the improved method of SICM, we can conclude that the improved method can enhance the scanning reliability by adding the double barrels approaching process and increase the positioning accuracy by compensating an offset distance. The theoretical analysis and the improved scanning method in this work demonstrate more property and usage details of the theta pipette, and further improve the reliability and accuracy of the diversified multifunctional applications of the theta pipette for SICM to meet the increasingly complex and precise research needs.
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15
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Nakatsuka N, Faillétaz A, Eggemann D, Forró C, Vörös J, Momotenko D. Aptamer Conformational Change Enables Serotonin Biosensing with Nanopipettes. Anal Chem 2021; 93:4033-4041. [PMID: 33596063 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c05038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
We report artificial nanopores in the form of quartz nanopipettes with ca. 10 nm orifices functionalized with molecular recognition elements termed aptamers that reversibly recognize serotonin with high specificity and selectivity. Nanoscale confinement of ion fluxes, analyte-specific aptamer conformational changes, and related surface charge variations enable serotonin sensing. We demonstrate detection of physiologically relevant serotonin amounts in complex environments such as neurobasal media, in which neurons are cultured in vitro. In addition to sensing in physiologically relevant matrices with high sensitivity (picomolar detection limits), we interrogate the detection mechanism via complementary techniques such as quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Moreover, we provide a novel theoretical model for structure-switching aptamer-modified nanopipette systems that supports experimental findings. Validation of specific and selective small-molecule detection, in parallel with mechanistic investigations, demonstrates the potential of conformationally changing aptamer-modified nanopipettes as rapid, label-free, and translatable nanotools for diverse biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nako Nakatsuka
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zürich CH-8092, Switzerland
| | - Alix Faillétaz
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zürich CH-8092, Switzerland
| | - Dominic Eggemann
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zürich CH-8092, Switzerland
| | - Csaba Forró
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zürich CH-8092, Switzerland
| | - János Vörös
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zürich CH-8092, Switzerland
| | - Dmitry Momotenko
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zürich CH-8092, Switzerland
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16
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Li P, Li G. Advances in Scanning Ion Conductance Microscopy: Principles and Applications. IEEE NANOTECHNOLOGY MAGAZINE 2021. [DOI: 10.1109/mnano.2020.3037431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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17
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Zhuang J, Yan H, Zheng Q, Wang T, Liao X. Study on a Rapid Imaging Method for Scanning Ion Conductance Microscopy Using a Double-Barreled Theta Pipette. Anal Chem 2020; 92:15789-15798. [PMID: 33283496 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c02840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Scanning ion conductance microscopy (SICM) is a new noncontact, high-resolution scanning probe microscopy technique, which has become increasingly popular in recent years. The hopping mode-currently the most widely used scanning mode-can be used for imaging samples with complicated surface topographies. However, its slow scanning rate seriously restricts its broader application. This paper proposes a fast imaging control mode using a double-barreled theta pipette as the probe, which effectively increases the imaging rate. In this mode, sample surface height information is obtained when the double-barreled theta pipette approaches the sample in a two-step downward process. The ion current sum of two barrels and ion current of one barrel are used as feedback signals to approach the sample until the feedback signals decrease to the set threshold, respectively, thereby obtaining the height of the imaging point. First, this work used COMSOL to establish an SICM model and perform simulation analysis. The simulation results verified the proposed method's feasibility. Second, a scanning time mathematical model was established. The results revealed that the new method is superior to the traditional method in terms of imaging rate. Finally, experiments were performed on poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) samples using the two imaging modes described above. The results demonstrated that the new scanning mode could significantly improve the imaging rate of SICM without a loss in imaging quality and stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhuang
- Key Laboratory of Education Ministry for Modern Design Rotor-Bearing System, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.,School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Heng Yan
- Key Laboratory of Education Ministry for Modern Design Rotor-Bearing System, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.,School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Qiangqiang Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Education Ministry for Modern Design Rotor-Bearing System, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.,School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Tingkai Wang
- Key Laboratory of Education Ministry for Modern Design Rotor-Bearing System, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.,School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Xiaobo Liao
- Key Laboratory of Education Ministry for Modern Design Rotor-Bearing System, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.,School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.,School of Manufacturing Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Testing Technology for Manufacturing Process, Ministry of Education, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
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18
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Chen F, Panday N, Li X, Ma T, Guo J, Wang X, Kos L, Hu K, Gu N, He J. Simultaneous mapping of nanoscale topography and surface potential of charged surfaces by scanning ion conductance microscopy. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:20737-20748. [PMID: 33030171 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr04555a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Scanning ion conductance microscopy (SICM) offers the ability to obtain nanoscale resolution images of the membranes of living cells. Here, we show that a dual-barrel nanopipette probe based potentiometric SICM (P-SICM) can simultaneously map the topography and surface potential of soft, rough and heterogeneously charged surfaces under physiological conditions. This technique was validated and tested by systematic studies on model samples, and the finite element method (FEM) based simulations confirmed its surface potential sensing capability. Using the P-SICM method, we compared both the topography and extracellular potential distributions of the membranes of normal (Mela-A) and cancerous (B16) skin cells. We further monitored the structural and electrical changes of the membranes of both types of cells after exposing them to the elevated potassium ion concentration in extracellular solution, known to depolarize and damage the cell. From surface potential imaging, we revealed the dynamic appearance of heterogeneity of the surface potential of the individual cell membrane. This P-SICM method provides new opportunities to study the structural and electrical properties of cell membrane at the nanoscale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Chen
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, People's Republic of China and Physics Department, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA.
| | - Namuna Panday
- Physics Department, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA.
| | - Xiaoshuang Li
- Department of Biological Science, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - Tao Ma
- Physics Department, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA. and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430081, China
| | - Jing Guo
- Physics Department, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA.
| | - Xuewen Wang
- Physics Department, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA.
| | - Lidia Kos
- Department of Biological Science, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA and Biomolecular Science Institute, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - Ke Hu
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Gu
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, People's Republic of China and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Sciences and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jin He
- Physics Department, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA. and Biomolecular Science Institute, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
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19
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Bednarska J, Pelchen-Matthews A, Novak P, Burden JJ, Summers PA, Kuimova MK, Korchev Y, Marsh M, Shevchuk A. Rapid formation of human immunodeficiency virus-like particles. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:21637-21646. [PMID: 32817566 PMCID: PMC7474690 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2008156117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the molecular mechanisms involved in the assembly of viruses is essential for discerning how viruses transmit from cell to cell and host to host. Although molecular aspects of assembly have been studied for many viruses, we still have little information about these events in real time. Enveloped viruses such as HIV that assemble at, and bud from, the plasma membrane have been studied in some detail using live cell fluorescence imaging techniques; however, these approaches provide little information about the real-time morphological changes that take place as viral components come together to form individual virus particles. Here we used correlative scanning ion conductance microscopy and fluorescence confocal microscopy to measure the topological changes, together with the recruitment of fluorescently labeled viral proteins such as Gag and Vpr, during the assembly and release of individual HIV virus-like particles (VLPs) from the top, nonadherent surfaces of living cells. We show that 1) labeling of viral proteins with green fluorescent protein affects particle formation, 2) the kinetics of particle assembly on different plasma membrane domains can vary, possibly as a consequence of differences in membrane biophysical properties, and 3) VLPs budding from the top, unimpeded surface of cells can reach full size in 20 s and disappear from the budding site in 0.5 to 3 min from the moment curvature is initially detected, significantly faster than has been previously reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Bednarska
- Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, W12 0NN London, United Kingdom
| | - Annegret Pelchen-Matthews
- Medical Research Council Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, WC1E 6BT London, United Kingdom
| | - Pavel Novak
- Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, W12 0NN London, United Kingdom
- Functional Low-Dimensional Structures Laboratory, National University of Science and Technology "MISIS", 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Jemima J Burden
- Medical Research Council Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, WC1E 6BT London, United Kingdom
| | - Peter A Summers
- Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, W12 0BZ London, United Kingdom
| | - Marina K Kuimova
- Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, W12 0BZ London, United Kingdom
| | - Yuri Korchev
- Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, W12 0NN London, United Kingdom
- Nano Life Science Institute, Kanazawa University, 920-1192 Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Mark Marsh
- Medical Research Council Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, WC1E 6BT London, United Kingdom;
| | - Andrew Shevchuk
- Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, W12 0NN London, United Kingdom;
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20
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Methods for protein delivery into cells: from current approaches to future perspectives. Biochem Soc Trans 2020; 48:357-365. [DOI: 10.1042/bst20190039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The manipulation of cultured mammalian cells by the delivery of exogenous macromolecules is one of the cornerstones of experimental cell biology. Although the transfection of cells with DNA expressions constructs that encode proteins is routine and simple to perform, the direct delivery of proteins into cells has many advantages. For example, proteins can be chemically modified, assembled into defined complexes and subject to biophysical analyses prior to their delivery into cells. Here, we review new approaches to the injection and electroporation of proteins into cultured cells. In particular, we focus on how recent developments in nanoscale injection probes and localized electroporation devices enable proteins to be delivered whilst minimizing cellular damage. Moreover, we discuss how nanopore sensing may ultimately enable the quantification of protein delivery at single-molecule resolution.
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21
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Zhuang J, Cheng L, Liao X, Zia AA, Wang Z. A fuzzy control for high-speed and low-overshoot hopping probe ion conductance microscopy. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2020; 91:033703. [PMID: 32259936 DOI: 10.1063/1.5114642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
At present, hopping probe ion conductance microscopy (HPICM) is the most capable ion conductance microscopy for imaging complex surface topography. However, the HPICM controller usually does not begin to stop the pipette sample approach until the ion current reaches a threshold, which results in short deceleration distances. Furthermore, closed-loop piezo actuation usually increases the response time. These problems tend to increase the ion current overshoot and affect imaging speed and quality. A fuzzy control system was developed to solve these problems via ion current deviation and deviation rate. This lengthens the deceleration distance to enable a high-speed approach toward the sample and smooth deceleration. Open-loop control of the piezo actuator is also used to increase sensitivity. To compensate for the nonlinearity of the actuator, a multi-section fuzzy logic strategy was used to maintain performance in all sections. Glass and poly(dimethylsiloxane) samples were used to demonstrate greater imaging speed and stability of the fuzzy controller relative to those of conventional controllers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhuang
- Key Laboratory of Education Ministry for Modern Design Rotor-Bearing System, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Lei Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Education Ministry for Modern Design Rotor-Bearing System, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Xiaobo Liao
- Key Laboratory of Education Ministry for Modern Design Rotor-Bearing System, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Ali Akmal Zia
- Key Laboratory of Education Ministry for Modern Design Rotor-Bearing System, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Zhiwu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Education Ministry for Modern Design Rotor-Bearing System, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
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22
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Synchronous Electrical Conductance‐ and Electron Tunnelling‐Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy Measurements. ChemElectroChem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201901721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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23
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Watanabe S, Kitazawa S, Sun L, Kodera N, Ando T. Development of high-speed ion conductance microscopy. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2019; 90:123704. [PMID: 31893861 DOI: 10.1063/1.5118360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Scanning ion conductance microscopy (SICM) can image the surface topography of specimens in ionic solutions without mechanical probe-sample contact. This unique capability is advantageous for imaging fragile biological samples but its highest possible imaging rate is far lower than the level desired in biological studies. Here, we present the development of high-speed SICM. The fast imaging capability is attained by a fast Z-scanner with active vibration control and pipette probes with enhanced ion conductance. By the former, the delay of probe Z-positioning is minimized to sub-10 µs, while its maximum stroke is secured at 6 μm. The enhanced ion conductance lowers a noise floor in ion current detection, increasing the detection bandwidth up to 100 kHz. Thus, temporal resolution 100-fold higher than that of conventional systems is achieved, together with spatial resolution around 20 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinji Watanabe
- WPI Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-NanoLSI), Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Satoko Kitazawa
- Department of Physics, Institute of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Linhao Sun
- WPI Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-NanoLSI), Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Kodera
- WPI Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-NanoLSI), Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Toshio Ando
- WPI Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-NanoLSI), Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
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24
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Balla RJ, Jantz DT, Kurapati N, Chen R, Leonard KC, Amemiya S. Nanoscale Intelligent Imaging Based on Real-Time Analysis of Approach Curve by Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy. Anal Chem 2019; 91:10227-10235. [PMID: 31310104 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b02361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) enables high-resolution imaging by examining the amperometric response of an ultramicroelectrode tip near a substrate. Spatial resolution, however, is compromised for nonflat substrates, where distances from a tip far exceed the tip size to avoid artifacts caused by the tip-substrate contact. Herein, we propose a new imaging mode of SECM based on real-time analysis of the approach curve to actively control nanoscale tip-substrate distances without contact. The power of this software-based method is demonstrated by imaging an insulating substrate with step edges using standard instrumentation without combination of another method for distance measurement, e.g., atomic force microscopy. An ∼500 nm diameter Pt tip approaches down to ∼50 nm from upper and lower terraces of a 500 nm height step edge, which are located by real-time theoretical fitting of an experimental approach curve to ensure the lack of electrochemical reactivity. The tip approach to the step edge can be terminated at <20 nm prior to the tip-substrate contact as soon as the theory deviates from the tip current, which is analyzed numerically afterward to locate the inert edge. The advantageous local adjustment of tip height and tip current at the final point of tip approach distinguishes the proposed imaging mode from other modes based on standard instrumentation. In addition, the glass sheath of the Pt tip is thinned to ∼150 nm to rarely contact the step edge, which is unavoidable and instantaneously detected as an abrupt change in the slope of approach curve to prevent damage of the fragile nanotip.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan J Balla
- Department of Chemistry , University of Pittsburgh , 219 Parkman Avenue , Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania 15260 , United States
| | - Dylan T Jantz
- Center for Environmentally Beneficial Catalysis, Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering , University of Kansas , 1501 Wakarusa Drive , Lawrence , Kansas 66047 , United States
| | - Niraja Kurapati
- Department of Chemistry , University of Pittsburgh , 219 Parkman Avenue , Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania 15260 , United States
| | - Ran Chen
- Department of Chemistry , University of Pittsburgh , 219 Parkman Avenue , Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania 15260 , United States
| | - Kevin C Leonard
- Center for Environmentally Beneficial Catalysis, Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering , University of Kansas , 1501 Wakarusa Drive , Lawrence , Kansas 66047 , United States
| | - Shigeru Amemiya
- Department of Chemistry , University of Pittsburgh , 219 Parkman Avenue , Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania 15260 , United States
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25
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Zhuang J, Wang Z, Liao X, Gao B, Cheng L. Hierarchical spiral-scan trajectory for efficient scanning ion conductance microscopy. Micron 2019; 123:102683. [PMID: 31129536 DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2019.102683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Scanning ion conductance microscopy (SICM) is an emerging technique for non-contact, high-resolution topography imaging, especially suitable for live cells investigation in a physiological environment. Despite its rapid development, the extended acquisition time issues of its typical hopping/backstep scanning mode still restrict its application for more fields. Herein, we propose a novel SICM scanning approach to effectively reduce the retract distance of existing hopping/backstep mode. In this approach, the SICM probe first gradually descends in the z-direction. Then by using Archimedes spiral trajectory, which has the advantage of higher angular velocity due to its continuous and smooth trajectory, the probe rapidly detects the highest point of the sample in the xy-plane in a layer-by-layer way. Further, the maximum height that decides the retrace distance of pipet in the detected region can be quickly achieved, avoiding a huge retrace distance usually adopted in the existing methods without any prior knowledge (sample height and steepness in the scanning region). Therefore, this new scanning method can greatly reduce the imaging time by minimizing the retrace height of each measurement point. Theoretical analysis is conducted to compare the imaging time of traditional and new method. And various factors in the new method that affect the imaging speed are analyzed. In addition, PDMS (polydimethylsiloxane) and biological samples (C2C12 cells) were imaged by SICM that was operated in the hopping mode, raster-based detecting and developed method with a single-barrel pipet, respectively. The experimental results suggest that the new method has a faster imaging speed than conventional scanning modes but does not sacrifice the imaging quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhuang
- Key Laboratory of Education Ministry for Modern Design Rotor-Bearing System, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China; School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China.
| | - Zhiwu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Education Ministry for Modern Design Rotor-Bearing System, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China; School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Xiaobo Liao
- Key Laboratory of Education Ministry for Modern Design Rotor-Bearing System, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China; School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China; School of Manufacturing Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, China
| | - Bingli Gao
- Key Laboratory of Education Ministry for Modern Design Rotor-Bearing System, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China; School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Lei Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Education Ministry for Modern Design Rotor-Bearing System, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China; School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
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Simeonov S, Schäffer TE. High-speed scanning ion conductance microscopy for sub-second topography imaging of live cells. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:8579-8587. [PMID: 30994121 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr10162k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Scanning ion conductance microscopy (SICM) is an emerging tool for non-invasive and high-resolution topography imaging of live cells. However, the imaging speed of conventional SICM setups is slow, requiring several seconds or even minutes per image, thereby making it difficult to study cellular dynamics. Here, we describe a high-speed SICM (HS-SICM) setup for topography imaging in the hopping mode with a pixel rate of 11.0 kHz, which is 15 times faster than what was reported before. In combination with a "turn step" procedure for rapid pipette retraction, we image the ultra-fast morphodynamics of live human platelets, A6 cells, and U2OS cells at a rate as fast as 0.6 s per frame. The results show that HS-SICM provides a useful platform for investigating the dynamics of cell morphology on a sub-second timescale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Simeonov
- Institute of Applied Physics, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
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27
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Garanina A, Kireev I, Zhironkina O, Strelkova O, Shakhov A, Alieva I, Davydov V, Murugesan S, Khabashesku V, Majouga A, Agafonov V, Uzbekov R. Long-term live cells observation of internalized fluorescent Fe@C nanoparticles in constant magnetic field. J Nanobiotechnology 2019; 17:27. [PMID: 30728022 PMCID: PMC6364403 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-019-0463-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Theranostics application of superparamagnetic nanoparticles based on magnetite and maghemite is impeded by their toxicity. The use of additional protective shells significantly reduced the magnetic properties of the nanoparticles. Therefore, iron carbides and pure iron nanoparticles coated with multiple layers of onion-like carbon sheath seem to be optimal for biomedicine. Fluorescent markers associated with magnetic nanoparticles provide reliable means for their multimodal visualization. Here, biocompatibility of iron nanoparticles coated with graphite-like shell and labeled with Alexa 647 fluorescent marker has been investigated. METHODS Iron core nanoparticles with intact carbon shells were purified by magnetoseparation after hydrochloric acid treatment. The structure of the NPs (nanoparticles) was examined with a high resolution electron microscopy. The surface of the NPs was alkylcarboxylated and further aminated for covalent linking with Alexa Fluor 647 fluorochrome to produce modified fluorescent magnetic nanoparticles (MFMNPs). Live fluorescent imaging and correlative light-electron microscopy were used to study the NPs intracellular distribution and the effects of constant magnetic field on internalized NPs in the cell culture were analyzed. Cell viability was assayed by measuring a proliferative pool with Click-IT labeling. RESULTS The microstructure and magnetic properties of superparamagnetic Fe@C core-shell NPs as well as their endocytosis by living tumor cells, and behavior inside the cells in constant magnetic field (150 mT) were studied. Correlative light-electron microscopy demonstrated that NPs retained their microstructure after internalization by the living cells. Application of constant magnetic field caused orientation of internalized NPs along power lines thus demonstrating their magnetocontrollability. Carbon onion-like shells make these NPs biocompatible and enable long-term observation with confocal microscope. It was found that iron core of NPs shows no toxic effect on the cell physiology, does not inhibit the cell proliferation and also does not induce apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS Non-toxic, biologically compatible superparamagnetic fluorescent MFMNPs can be further used for biological application such as delivery of biologically active compounds both inside the cell and inside the whole organism, magnetic separation, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasiia Garanina
- GREMAN, UMR CNRS 7347, Université de Tours, 37200 Tours, France
- National University of Science and Technology «MISiS», 119049 Moscow, Russian Federation
- Faculty of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Igor Kireev
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Oxana Zhironkina
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Olga Strelkova
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Anton Shakhov
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Irina Alieva
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Valery Davydov
- L. F. Vereshchagin Institute for High Pressure Physics of the RAS, 142190 Troitsk, Russian Federation
| | - Sankaran Murugesan
- Center for Technology Innovation, Baker Hughes a GE Company, Houston, TX 77040 USA
| | - Valery Khabashesku
- Center for Technology Innovation, Baker Hughes a GE Company, Houston, TX 77040 USA
| | - Alexander Majouga
- National University of Science and Technology «MISiS», 119049 Moscow, Russian Federation
- Faculty of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
- D. Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, Moscow, 125047 Russian Federation
| | | | - Rustem Uzbekov
- Faculté de Médecine, Université François Rabelais, 37032 Tours, France
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119192 Moscow, Russian Federation
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28
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TAKAHASHI Y. Bioimaging by a Scanning Probe Microscope Using Microelectrodes and Nanopipettes. BUNSEKI KAGAKU 2019. [DOI: 10.2116/bunsekikagaku.68.33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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29
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Zhu C, Shi W, Daleke DL, Baker LA. Monitoring dynamic spiculation in red blood cells with scanning ion conductance microscopy. Analyst 2019; 143:1087-1093. [PMID: 29384152 DOI: 10.1039/c7an01986f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Phospholipids are critical structural components of the membrane of human erythrocytes and their asymmetric transbilayer distribution is essential for normal cell functions. Phospholipid asymmetry is maintained by transporters that shuttle phospholipids between the inner leaflet and the outer leaflet of the membrane bilayer. When an exogenous, short acyl chain, phosphatidylcholine (PC) or phosphatidylserine (PS) is incorporated into erythrocytes, a discocyte-to-echinocyte shape change is induced. PC treated cells remain echinocytic, while PS treated cells return to discocytes, and eventually stomatocytes, due to the action of an inwardly directed transporter. These morphological changes have been well studied by light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy in the past few decades. However, most of this research is based on the glutaraldehyde fixed cells, which limits the dynamic study in discrete time points instead of continuous single cell measurements. Scanning ion conductance microscopy (SICM) is a scanning probe technique which is ideal for live cell imaging due to high resolution, in situ and non-contact scanning. To better understand these phospholipid-induced morphological changes, SICM was used to scan the morphological change of human erythrocytes after the incorporation of exogenous dilauroylphosphatidylserine (DLPS) and the results revealed single cell dynamic morphological changes and the movement of spicules on the membrane surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA.
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30
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Chen F, Manandhar P, Ahmed MS, Chang S, Panday N, Zhang H, Moon JH, He J. Extracellular Surface Potential Mapping by Scanning Ion Conductance Microscopy Revealed Transient Transmembrane Pore Formation Induced by Conjugated Polymer Nanoparticles. Macromol Biosci 2018; 19:e1800271. [PMID: 30548770 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201800271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Revised: 11/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
In-depth understanding of the biophysicochemical interactions at the nano-bio interface is important for basic cell biology and applications in nanomedicine and nanobiosensors. Here, the extracellular surface potential and topography changes of live cell membranes interacting with polymeric nanomaterials using a scanning ion conductance microscopy-based potential imaging technique are investigated. Two structurally similar amphiphilic conjugated polymer nanoparticles (CPNs) containing different functional groups (i.e., primary amine versus guanidine) are used to study incubation time and functional group-dependent extracellular surface potential and topographic changes. Transmembrane pores, which induce significant changes in potential, only appear transiently in the live cell membranes during the initial interactions. The cells are able to self-repair the damaged membrane and become resilient to prolonged CPN exposure. This study provides an important observation on how the cells interact with and respond to extracellular polymeric nanomaterials at the early stage. This study also demonstrates that extracellular surface potential imaging can provide a new insight to help understand the complicated interactions at the nano-bio interface and the following cellular responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Chen
- Department of Physics, Biomolecular Sciences Institute, Florida International University, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Prakash Manandhar
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Biomolecular Sciences Institute, Florida International University, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Md Salauddin Ahmed
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Biomolecular Sciences Institute, Florida International University, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Shuai Chang
- The State Key Laboratory of Refractories and Metallurgy, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430081, China
| | - Namuna Panday
- Department of Physics, Biomolecular Sciences Institute, Florida International University, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Haiqian Zhang
- College of Materials Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 210016, China
| | - Joong Ho Moon
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Biomolecular Sciences Institute, Florida International University, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Jin He
- Department of Physics, Biomolecular Sciences Institute, Florida International University, FL, 33199, USA
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Wang Z, Zhuang J, Gao Z, Liao X. A fast scanning ion conductance microscopy imaging method using compressive sensing and low-discrepancy sequences. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2018; 89:113709. [PMID: 30501305 DOI: 10.1063/1.5048656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A scanning ion conductance microscope (SICM) is a multifunctional, high-resolution imaging technique whose non-contact nature makes it very suitable for imaging of biological samples such as living cells in a physiological environment. However, a drawback of hopping/backstep mode of SICM is its relatively slow imaging speed, which seriously restricts the study on the dynamic process of biological samples. This paper presents a new undersampled scanning method based on Compressed Sensing (CS-based scanning mode) theory to solve extended acquisition time issues in the hopping/backstep mode. Compressive sensing can break through the limit of the Nyquist sampling theorem and sample the original sparse/compressible signal at a rate lower than the Nyquist frequency. In the CS-based scanning mode, three sampling patterns, including the random sampling pattern and two kinds of sampling patterns produced by low-discrepancy sequences, were employed as the measurement locations to obtain the undersampled data with different undersampling ratios. Also TVAL3 (Total Variation Augmented Lagrangian ALternating-direction ALgorithm) was then utilized as a reconstruction algorithm to reconstruct the undersampled data. Compared with the nonuniform sampling points of random patterns at a low undersampling ratio, low-discrepancy sequences can produce a more uniform distribution point. Three types of samples with different complexity of topography were scanned by SICM using the conventional hopping/backstep mode and CS-based undersampled scanning mode. The comparisons of the imaging speed and quality with two scanning modes illustrate that the CS-based scanning mode can effectively speed up SICM imaging speed while not sacrificing the image quality. Also low-discrepancy sampling patterns can achieve a better reconstruction performance than that of the random sampling pattern under the same undersampling ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Education Ministry for Modern Design Rotor-Bearing System, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Jian Zhuang
- Key Laboratory of Education Ministry for Modern Design Rotor-Bearing System, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Zijun Gao
- Key Laboratory of Education Ministry for Modern Design Rotor-Bearing System, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Xiaobo Liao
- Key Laboratory of Education Ministry for Modern Design Rotor-Bearing System, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
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Chen Y, Sukhorukov GB, Novak P. Visualising nanoscale restructuring of a cellular membrane triggered by polyelectrolyte microcapsules. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:16902-16910. [PMID: 30176032 PMCID: PMC6137606 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr03870h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Polymer-based multilayer microencapsulation technology represents one of the promising strategies for intracellular drug delivery, however, membrane processes involved in vehicle internalisation are not fully understood. Here we employed a scanning probe microscopy technique called Scanning Ion Conductance Microscopy (SICM) to study these complex processes at nanoscale resolution in real time. We were able to image topography simultaneously with local elastic modulus throughout the whole course of microcapsule internalisation in A549 cell culture without disrupting the internalisation process. The imaging revealed that capsules triggered the formation of membrane protrusions in their vicinity, which is an important but not a sufficient step towards full capsule internalisation. A crucial aspect appeared to be nanoscale restructuring of these protrusions into smooth thin layers extending over the surface of capsules. Simultaneous mapping of elastic modulus during capsule internalisation allowed monitoring the structural changes during extension of the membrane sheets over the surface of the capsule and the subsequent post-internalisation phenomenon of capsule buckling. To our knowledge these are the first experimental data capturing the interactions between the cellular membrane and microcapsules in their whole complexity with nanoscale resolution. The methodology established here has the potential to provide new insights into interactions at the interface between the nanostructured materials and cellular membrane under physiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxiu Chen
- School of Engineering and Materials Science
, Queen Mary University of London
,
Mile End Road
, London E1 4NS
, UK
.
;
| | - Gleb B. Sukhorukov
- School of Engineering and Materials Science
, Queen Mary University of London
,
Mile End Road
, London E1 4NS
, UK
.
;
| | - Pavel Novak
- School of Engineering and Materials Science
, Queen Mary University of London
,
Mile End Road
, London E1 4NS
, UK
.
;
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33
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Dorwling-Carter L, Aramesh M, Han H, Zambelli T, Momotenko D. Combined Ion Conductance and Atomic Force Microscope for Fast Simultaneous Topographical and Surface Charge Imaging. Anal Chem 2018; 90:11453-11460. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b02569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Livie Dorwling-Carter
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich CH-8092, Switzerland
| | - Morteza Aramesh
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich CH-8092, Switzerland
| | - Hana Han
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich CH-8092, Switzerland
| | - Tomaso Zambelli
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich CH-8092, Switzerland
| | - Dmitry Momotenko
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich CH-8092, Switzerland
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34
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A continuous control mode with improved imaging rate for scanning ion conductance microscope (SICM). Ultramicroscopy 2018; 190:66-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ultramic.2018.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2016] [Revised: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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35
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Marrella A, Iafisco M, Adamiano A, Rossi S, Aiello M, Barandalla-Sobrados M, Carullo P, Miragoli M, Tampieri A, Scaglione S, Catalucci D. A combined low-frequency electromagnetic and fluidic stimulation for a controlled drug release from superparamagnetic calcium phosphate nanoparticles: potential application for cardiovascular diseases. J R Soc Interface 2018; 15:20180236. [PMID: 29997259 PMCID: PMC6073647 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2018.0236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Alternative drug delivery approaches to treat cardiovascular diseases are currently under intense investigation. In this domain, the possibility to target the heart and tailor the amount of drug dose by using a combination of magnetic nanoparticles (NPs) and electromagnetic devices is a fascinating approach. Here, an electromagnetic device based on Helmholtz coils was generated for the application of low-frequency magnetic stimulations to manage drug release from biocompatible superparamagnetic Fe-hydroxyapatite NPs (FeHAs). Integrated with a fluidic circuit mimicking the flow of the cardiovascular environment, the device was efficient to trigger the release of a model drug (ibuprofen) from FeHAs as a function of the applied frequencies. Furthermore, the biological effects on the cardiac system of the identified electromagnetic exposure were assessed in vitro and in vivo by acute stimulation of isolated adult cardiomyocytes and in an animal model. The cardio-compatibility of FeHAs was also assessed in vitro and in an animal model. No alterations of cardiac electrophysiological properties were observed in both cases, providing the evidence that the combination of low-frequency magnetic stimulations and FeHAs might represent a promising strategy for controlled drug delivery to the failing heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Marrella
- National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Electronic, Computer and Telecommunications (IEIIT), via de Marini 6, 16149 Genoa, Italy
| | - Michele Iafisco
- National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Science and Technology for Ceramics (ISTEC), Faenza, Italy
| | - Alessio Adamiano
- National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Science and Technology for Ceramics (ISTEC), Faenza, Italy
| | - Stefano Rossi
- CERT, Center of Excellence for Toxicological Research, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Maurizio Aiello
- National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Electronic, Computer and Telecommunications (IEIIT), via de Marini 6, 16149 Genoa, Italy
| | - Maria Barandalla-Sobrados
- National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Genetic and Biomedical Research UOS Milan (IRGB), Milan, Italy
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Pierluigi Carullo
- National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Genetic and Biomedical Research UOS Milan (IRGB), Milan, Italy
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Michele Miragoli
- CERT, Center of Excellence for Toxicological Research, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
- National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Genetic and Biomedical Research UOS Milan (IRGB), Milan, Italy
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Tampieri
- National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Science and Technology for Ceramics (ISTEC), Faenza, Italy
| | - Silvia Scaglione
- National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Electronic, Computer and Telecommunications (IEIIT), via de Marini 6, 16149 Genoa, Italy
| | - Daniele Catalucci
- National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Genetic and Biomedical Research UOS Milan (IRGB), Milan, Italy
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
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Hagemann P, Gesper A, Happel P. Correlative Stimulated Emission Depletion and Scanning Ion Conductance Microscopy. ACS NANO 2018; 12:5807-5815. [PMID: 29791140 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b01731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Correlation microscopy combining fluorescence and scanning probe or electron microscopy is limited to fixed samples due to the sample preparation and nonphysiological imaging conditions required by most probe or electron microscopy techniques. Among the few scanning probe techniques that allow imaging of living cells under physiological conditions, scanning ion conductance microscopy (SICM) has been shown to be the technique that minimizes the impact on the investigated sample. However, combinations of SICM and fluorescence microscopy suffered from the mismatch in resolution due to the limited resolution of conventional light microscopy. In the last years, the diffraction limit of light microscopy has been circumvented by various techniques, one of which is stimulated emission depletion (STED) microscopy. Here, we aimed at demonstrating the combination of STED and SICM. We show that both methods allow recording a living cellular specimen and provide a SICM and STED image of the same sample, which allowed us to correlate the membrane surface topography and the distribution of the cytoskeletal protein actin. Our proof-of-concept study exemplifies the benefit of correlating SICM with a subdiffraction fluorescence method and might form the basis for the development of a combined instrument that would allow the simultaneous recording of subdiffraction fluorescence and topography information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Hagemann
- Nanoscopy Group, RUBION , Ruhr-Universität Bochum , Universitätsstraße 150 , D-44801 , Bochum , Germany
| | - Astrid Gesper
- Nanoscopy Group, RUBION , Ruhr-Universität Bochum , Universitätsstraße 150 , D-44801 , Bochum , Germany
| | - Patrick Happel
- Nanoscopy Group, RUBION , Ruhr-Universität Bochum , Universitätsstraße 150 , D-44801 , Bochum , Germany
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37
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Bentley CL, Perry D, Unwin PR. Stability and Placement of Ag/AgCl Quasi-Reference Counter Electrodes in Confined Electrochemical Cells. Anal Chem 2018; 90:7700-7707. [PMID: 29808685 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b01588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Nanoelectrochemistry is an important and growing branch of electrochemistry that encompasses a number of key research areas, including (electro)catalysis, energy storage, biomedical/environmental sensing, and electrochemical imaging. Nanoscale electrochemical measurements are often performed in confined environments over prolonged experimental time scales with nonisolated quasi-reference counter electrodes (QRCEs) in a simplified two-electrode format. Herein, we consider the stability of commonly used Ag/AgCl QRCEs, comprising an AgCl-coated wire, in a nanopipet configuration, which simulates the confined electrochemical cell arrangement commonly encountered in nanoelectrochemical systems. Ag/AgCl QRCEs possess a very stable reference potential even when used immediately after preparation and, when deployed in Cl- free electrolyte media (e.g., 0.1 M HClO4) in the scanning ion conductance microscopy (SICM) format, drift by only ca. 1 mV h-1 on the several hours time scale. Furthermore, contrary to some previous reports, when employed in a scanning electrochemical cell microscopy (SECCM) format (meniscus contact with a working electrode surface), Ag/AgCl QRCEs do not cause fouling of the surface (i.e., with soluble redox byproducts, such as Ag+) on at least the 6 h time scale, as long as suitable precautions with respect to electrode handling and placement within the nanopipet are observed. These experimental observations are validated through finite element method (FEM) simulations, which consider Ag+ transport within a nanopipet probe in the SECCM and SICM configurations. These results confirm that Ag/AgCl is a stable and robust QRCE in confined electrochemical environments, such as in nanopipets used in SICM, for nanopore measurements, for printing and patterning, and in SECCM, justifying the widespread use of this electrode in the field of nanoelectrochemistry and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cameron L Bentley
- Department of Chemistry , University of Warwick , Coventry CV4 7AL , United Kingdom
| | - David Perry
- Department of Chemistry , University of Warwick , Coventry CV4 7AL , United Kingdom
| | - Patrick R Unwin
- Department of Chemistry , University of Warwick , Coventry CV4 7AL , United Kingdom
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Zhuang J, Wang Z, Li Z, Liang P, Vincent M. Smart Scanning Ion-Conductance Microscopy Imaging Technique Using Horizontal Fast Scanning Method. MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2018; 24:264-276. [PMID: 29877171 DOI: 10.1017/s1431927618000375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
To solve extended acquisition time issues inherent in the conventional hopping-scanning mode of scanning ion-conductance microscopy (SICM), a new transverse-fast scanning mode (TFSM) is proposed. Because the transverse motion in SICM is not the detection direction and therefore presents no collision problem, it has the ability to move at high speed. In TSFM, the SICM probe gradually descends in the vertical/detection direction and rapidly scans in the transverse/nondetection direction. Further, the highest point that decides the hopping height of each scanning line can be quickly obtained. In conventional hopping mode, however, the hopping height is artificially set without a priori knowledge and is typically very large. Consequently, TFSM greatly improves the scanning speed of the SICM imaging system by effectively reducing the hopping height of each pixel. This study verifies the feasibility of this novel scanning method via theoretical analysis and experimental study, and compares the speed and quality of the scanning images obtained in the TFSM with that of the conventional hopping mode. The experimental results indicate that the TFSM method has a faster scanning speed than other SICM scanning methods while maintaining the quality of the images. Therefore, TFSM provides the possibility to quickly obtain high-resolution three-dimensional topographical images of extremely complex samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhuang
- 1Key Laboratory of Education Ministry for Modern Design Rotor-Bearing System,Xi'an Jiaotong University,Xi'an 710049,China
| | - Zhiwu Wang
- 1Key Laboratory of Education Ministry for Modern Design Rotor-Bearing System,Xi'an Jiaotong University,Xi'an 710049,China
| | - Zeqing Li
- 2School of Mechanical Engineering,Xi'an Jiaotong University,Xi'an 710049,China
| | - Pengbo Liang
- 1Key Laboratory of Education Ministry for Modern Design Rotor-Bearing System,Xi'an Jiaotong University,Xi'an 710049,China
| | - Mugubo Vincent
- 1Key Laboratory of Education Ministry for Modern Design Rotor-Bearing System,Xi'an Jiaotong University,Xi'an 710049,China
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Lin TE, Rapino S, Girault HH, Lesch A. Electrochemical imaging of cells and tissues. Chem Sci 2018; 9:4546-4554. [PMID: 29899947 PMCID: PMC5969511 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc01035h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
This minireview summarizes the recent achievements of electrochemical imaging platforms to map cellular functions in biological specimens using electrochemical scanning nano/micro-probe microscopy and 2D chips containing microelectrode arrays.
The technological and experimental progress in electrochemical imaging of biological specimens is discussed with a view on potential applications for skin cancer diagnostics, reproductive medicine and microbial testing. The electrochemical analysis of single cell activity inside cell cultures, 3D cellular aggregates and microtissues is based on the selective detection of electroactive species involved in biological functions. Electrochemical imaging strategies, based on nano/micrometric probes scanning over the sample and sensor array chips, respectively, can be made sensitive and selective without being affected by optical interference as many other microscopy techniques. The recent developments in microfabrication, electronics and cell culturing/tissue engineering have evolved in affordable and fast-sampling electrochemical imaging platforms. We believe that the topics discussed herein demonstrate the applicability of electrochemical imaging devices in many areas related to cellular functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-En Lin
- Laboratory of Physical and Analytical Electrochemistry (LEPA) , École Polytechnique Fédéderale de Lausanne , EPFL Valais Valais , Rue de l'Industrie 17 , CP 440 , 1951 Sion , Switzerland .
| | - Stefania Rapino
- Chemistry Department "Giacomo Ciamician" , University of Bologna , Via Selmi 2 , 40126 Bologna , Italy
| | - Hubert H Girault
- Laboratory of Physical and Analytical Electrochemistry (LEPA) , École Polytechnique Fédéderale de Lausanne , EPFL Valais Valais , Rue de l'Industrie 17 , CP 440 , 1951 Sion , Switzerland .
| | - Andreas Lesch
- Laboratory of Physical and Analytical Electrochemistry (LEPA) , École Polytechnique Fédéderale de Lausanne , EPFL Valais Valais , Rue de l'Industrie 17 , CP 440 , 1951 Sion , Switzerland .
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40
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Schierbaum N, Hack M, Betz O, Schäffer TE. Macro-SICM: A Scanning Ion Conductance Microscope for Large-Range Imaging. Anal Chem 2018; 90:5048-5054. [PMID: 29569436 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b04764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The scanning ion conductance microscope (SICM) is a versatile, high-resolution imaging technique that uses an electrolyte-filled nanopipet as a probe. Its noncontact imaging principle makes the SICM uniquely suited for the investigation of soft and delicate surface structures in a liquid environment. The SICM has found an ever-increasing number of applications in chemistry, physics, and biology. However, a drawback of conventional SICMs is their relatively small scan range (typically 100 μm × 100 μm in the lateral and 10 μm in the vertical direction). We have developed a Macro-SICM with an exceedingly large scan range of 25 mm × 25 mm in the lateral and 0.25 mm in the vertical direction. We demonstrate the high versatility of the Macro-SICM by imaging at different length scales: from centimeters (fingerprint, coin) to millimeters (bovine tongue tissue, insect wing) to micrometers (cellular extensions). We applied the Macro-SICM to the study of collective cell migration in epithelial wound healing.
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41
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Bentley CL, Unwin PR. Nanoscale electrochemical movies and synchronous topographical mapping of electrocatalytic materials. Faraday Discuss 2018; 210:365-379. [PMID: 29999075 DOI: 10.1039/c8fd00028j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Techniques in the scanning electrochemical probe microscopy (SEPM) family have shown great promise for resolving nanoscale structure-function (e.g., catalytic activity) at complex (electro)chemical interfaces, which is a long-term aspiration in (electro)materials science. In this work, we explore how a simple meniscus imaging probe, based on an easily-fabricated, single-channeled nanopipette (inner diameter ≈ 30 nm) can be deployed in the scanning electrochemical cell microscopy (SECCM) platform as a fast, versatile and robust method for the direct, synchronous electrochemical/topographical imaging of electrocatalytic materials at the nanoscale. Topographical and voltammetric data are acquired synchronously at a spatial resolution of 50 nm to construct maps that resolve particular surface features on the sub-10 nm scale and create electrochemical activity movies composed of hundreds of potential-resolved images on the minutes timescale. Using the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) at molybdenite (MoS2) as an exemplar system, the experimental parameters critical to achieving a robust scanning protocol (e.g., approach voltage, reference potential calibration) with high resolution (e.g., hopping distance) and optimal scan times (e.g., voltammetric scan rate, approach rate etc.) are considered and discussed. Furthermore, sub-nanoentity reactivity mapping is demonstrated with glassy carbon (GC) supported single-crystalline {111}-oriented two-dimensional Au nanocrystals (AuNCs), which exhibit uniform catalytic activity at the single-entity and sub-single entity level. The approach outlined herein signposts a future in (electro)materials science in which the activity of electroactive nanomaterials can be viewed directly and related to structure through electrochemical movies, revealing active sites unambiguously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cameron L Bentley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK.
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42
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Gesper A, Hagemann P, Happel P. A low-cost, large field-of-view scanning ion conductance microscope for studying nanoparticle-cell membrane interactions. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:14172-14183. [PMID: 28905955 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr04306f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticles have the potential to become versatile tools in the medical and life sciences. One potential application is delivering drugs or other compounds to the cell cytoplasm, which requires the nanoparticles to bind to or cross the cell membrane. However, there are only a few tools available which allow studying the interaction of nanoparticles and the cell membrane of living cells in a physiological environment. Currently, the tool which least biases living cells is Scanning Ion Conductance Microscopy (SICM). Specialized SICMs allow imaging at high resolution, however, they are cost intensive, particularly when providing a large field-of-view. In contrast, less cost intensive SICMs which provide a large field-of-view do not allow imaging at high resolutions. We have developed a SICM setup consisting of a compact three-axis piezo system and an additional fast shear-force piezo actor. This combination allows imaging fields-of-view of up to 80 μm × 80 μm, recording sections of living cells with a temporal resolution in the range of minutes as well as imaging with a spatial resolution of below 70 nm. Using our SICM we found that the cell membrane of HeLa cells treated with carboxylated latex nanoparticles was significantly more convoluted compared to control cells. The SICM setup we introduce here combines high resolution imaging with a large field-of-view at low costs. Our setup only requires a mounting adapter to extend existing inverted light microscopes, thus it could be a valuable and cost effective tool for researchers in all fields of the medical and life sciences performing investigations at the nanometer scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astrid Gesper
- Nanoscopy Group, Central Unit for Ion beams and Radionuclides (RUBION), Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstraβe 150, D-44780 Bochum, Germany.
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43
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Kang M, Perry D, Bentley CL, West G, Page A, Unwin PR. Simultaneous Topography and Reaction Flux Mapping at and around Electrocatalytic Nanoparticles. ACS NANO 2017; 11:9525-9535. [PMID: 28862831 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b05435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The characterization of electrocatalytic reactions at individual nanoparticles (NPs) is presently of considerable interest but very challenging. Herein, we demonstrate how simple-to-fabricate nanopipette probes with diameters of approximately 30 nm can be deployed in a scanning ion conductance microscopy (SICM) platform to simultaneously visualize electrochemical reactivity and topography with high spatial resolution at electrochemical interfaces. By employing a self-referencing hopping mode protocol, whereby the probe is brought from bulk solution to the near-surface at each pixel, and with potential-time control applied at the substrate, current measurements at the nanopipette can be made with high precision and resolution (30 nm resolution, 2600 pixels μm-2, <0.3 s pixel-1) to reveal a wealth of information on the substrate physicochemical properties. This methodology has been applied to image the electrocatalytic oxidation of borohydride at ensembles of AuNPs on a carbon fiber support in alkaline media, whereby the depletion of hydroxide ions and release of water during the reaction results in a detectable change in the ionic composition around the NPs. Through the use of finite element method simulations, these observations are validated and analyzed to reveal important information on heterogeneities in ion flux between the top of a NP and the gap at the NP-support contact, diffusional overlap and competition for reactant between neighboring NPs, and differences in NP activity. These studies highlight key issues that influence the behavior of NP assemblies at the single NP level and provide a platform for the use of SICM as an important tool for electrocatalysis studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minkyung Kang
- Department of Chemistry, ‡Warwick Manufacturing Group, and §MOAC Doctoral Training Centre, University of Warwick , Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - David Perry
- Department of Chemistry, ‡Warwick Manufacturing Group, and §MOAC Doctoral Training Centre, University of Warwick , Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Cameron L Bentley
- Department of Chemistry, ‡Warwick Manufacturing Group, and §MOAC Doctoral Training Centre, University of Warwick , Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Geoff West
- Department of Chemistry, ‡Warwick Manufacturing Group, and §MOAC Doctoral Training Centre, University of Warwick , Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Ashley Page
- Department of Chemistry, ‡Warwick Manufacturing Group, and §MOAC Doctoral Training Centre, University of Warwick , Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Patrick R Unwin
- Department of Chemistry, ‡Warwick Manufacturing Group, and §MOAC Doctoral Training Centre, University of Warwick , Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
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44
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Zhuang J, Jiao Y, Mugabo V. A new scanning mode to improve scanning ion conductance microscopy imaging rate with pipette predicted movement. Micron 2017; 101:177-185. [PMID: 28763735 DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2017.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Revised: 07/15/2017] [Accepted: 07/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Scanning ion conductance microscopy (SICM) is a non-contact surface topography measurement technique that has been increasingly used for soft surfaces such as living biological samples. An approach-retract scanning (ARS) mode is widely used to avoid collision between the SICM probe (i.e., pipette) and an abrupt increase in sample profile. However, the redundant pipette trajectory in the ARS mode lengthens the scan time, thus reducing SICM efficiency and time resolution. To avoid this problem, a new scanning mode is discussed that adds horizontal movement at each measurement point to predict the upcoming sample topography via variation in ion current. The pipette then retracts in response to raised topography, while it raster scans flat or downhill topography. The feasibility was verified by finite element analysis and experimental tests on three kinds of soft samples: polydimethylsiloxane, mice cardiac fibroblasts, and breast cancer cells. The pixel detection frequency during imaging and the mean square error of the sample topography were compared for the two modes. The new scanning mode enhances the SICM imaging rate without loss of imaging quality or scanning stability, while it increases efficiency and time resolution. It thus has an improved performance for characterizing biological samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhuang
- Key Laboratory of Education Ministry for Modern Design Rotor-Bearing System, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China; School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
| | - Yangbohan Jiao
- Key Laboratory of Education Ministry for Modern Design Rotor-Bearing System, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China; School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Vincent Mugabo
- Key Laboratory of Education Ministry for Modern Design Rotor-Bearing System, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China; School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
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45
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Ida H, Takahashi Y, Kumatani A, Shiku H, Matsue T. High Speed Scanning Ion Conductance Microscopy for Quantitative Analysis of Nanoscale Dynamics of Microvilli. Anal Chem 2017; 89:6015-6020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b00584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Ida
- Graduate
School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8576, Japan
| | - Yasufumi Takahashi
- Division
of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
- Precursory
Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Akichika Kumatani
- Graduate
School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8576, Japan
- Advanced
Institute for Material Research (AIMR), Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8576, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Shiku
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - Tomokazu Matsue
- Graduate
School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8576, Japan
- Advanced
Institute for Material Research (AIMR), Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8576, Japan
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46
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Miragoli M, Cabassi A. Mitochondrial Mechanosensor Microdomains in Cardiovascular Disorders. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 982:247-264. [PMID: 28551791 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-55330-6_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The cardiomyocytes populating the 'working myocardium' are highly organized and such organization ranges from macroscale (e.g. the geometrical rod shape) to microscale (dyad/t-tubules) domains. This meticulous level of organization is imperative for assuring the normal and physiological pump-function of the heart. In the pathological cardiac tissue, the domains-related architecture is partially lost, resulting in morphological, electrical and metabolic remodeling and promoting cardiovascular diseases including heart failure and arrhythmias. Indeed, arrhythmogenesis during heart failure is a major clinical problem. Arrhythmias have been extensively studied from an electrical etiology, but only recently, physiologists and scientists have focused their attention on cellular and subcellular mechanosensors. We and others have investigated whether the nanoscale mechanosensitive properties of cardiomyocytes from failing hearts have a bearing upon the initiation of abnormal electrical activity. This chapter highlights the recent findings in the field, especially the role of mitochondria function and alignment in failing cardiomyocytes interrogated via nanomechanical stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Miragoli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, 43124, Italy. .,Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, MI, Italy.
| | - Aderville Cabassi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, 43124, Italy
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47
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Takahashi Y, Kumatani A, Shiku H, Matsue T. Scanning Probe Microscopy for Nanoscale Electrochemical Imaging. Anal Chem 2016; 89:342-357. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b04355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yasufumi Takahashi
- Division
of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
- Precursory
Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Akichika Kumatani
- Advanced
Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
- Graduate
School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Shiku
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - Tomokazu Matsue
- Advanced
Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
- Graduate
School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
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48
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Continuous collection and simultaneous detection of picoliter volume of nucleic acid samples using a mille-feuille probe. Anal Bioanal Chem 2016; 409:961-969. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-016-0006-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Revised: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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49
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Kang M, Momotenko D, Page A, Perry D, Unwin PR. Frontiers in Nanoscale Electrochemical Imaging: Faster, Multifunctional, and Ultrasensitive. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2016; 32:7993-8008. [PMID: 27396415 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b01932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A wide range of interfacial physicochemical processes, from electrochemistry to the functioning of living cells, involve spatially localized chemical fluxes that are associated with specific features of the interface. Scanning electrochemical probe microscopes (SEPMs) represent a powerful means of visualizing interfacial fluxes, and this Feature Article highlights recent developments that have radically advanced the speed, spatial resolution, functionality, and sensitivity of SEPMs. A major trend has been a coming together of SEPMs that developed independently and the use of established SEPMs in completely new ways, greatly expanding their scope and impact. The focus is on nanopipette-based SEPMs, including scanning ion conductance microscopy (SICM), scanning electrochemical cell microscopy (SECCM), and hybrid techniques thereof, particularly with scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM). Nanopipette-based probes are made easily, quickly, and cheaply with tunable characteristics. They are reproducible and can be fully characterized. Their response can be modeled in considerable detail so that quantitative maps of chemical fluxes and other properties (e.g., local charge) can be obtained and analyzed. This article provides an overview of the use of these probes for high-speed imaging, to create movies of electrochemical processes in action, to carry out multifunctional mapping such as simultaneous topography-charge and topography-activity, and to create nanoscale electrochemical cells for the detection, trapping, and analysis of single entities, particularly individual molecules and nanoparticles (NPs). These studies provide a platform for the further application and diversification of SEPMs across a wide range of interfacial science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minkyung Kang
- Department of Chemistry and ‡MOAC Doctoral Training Centre, University of Warwick , Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Dmitry Momotenko
- Department of Chemistry and ‡MOAC Doctoral Training Centre, University of Warwick , Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Ashley Page
- Department of Chemistry and ‡MOAC Doctoral Training Centre, University of Warwick , Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - David Perry
- Department of Chemistry and ‡MOAC Doctoral Training Centre, University of Warwick , Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Patrick R Unwin
- Department of Chemistry and ‡MOAC Doctoral Training Centre, University of Warwick , Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
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50
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Nashimoto Y, Takahashi Y, Zhou Y, Ito H, Ida H, Ino K, Matsue T, Shiku H. Evaluation of mRNA Localization Using Double Barrel Scanning Ion Conductance Microscopy. ACS NANO 2016; 10:6915-6922. [PMID: 27399804 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.6b02753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Information regarding spatial mRNA localization in single cells is necessary for a better understanding of cellular functions in tissues. Here, we report a method for evaluating localization of mRNA in single cells using double-barrel scanning ion conductance microscopy (SICM). Two barrels in a nanopipette were filled with aqueous and organic electrolyte solutions and used for SICM and as an electrochemical syringe, respectively. We confirmed that the organic phase barrel could be used to collect cytosol from living cells, which is a minute but sufficient amount to assess cellular status using qPCR analysis. The water phase barrel could be used for SICM to image topography with subcellular resolution, which could be used to determine positions for analyzing mRNA expression. This system was able to evaluate mRNA localization in single cells. After puncturing the cellular membrane in a minimally invasive manner, using SICM imaging as a guide, we collected a small amount cytosol from different positions within a single cell and showed that mRNA expression depends on cellular position. In this study, we show that SICM imaging can be utilized for the analysis of mRNA localization in single cells. In addition, we fully automated the pipet movement in the XYZ-directions during the puncturing processes, making it applicable as a high-throughput system for collecting cytosol and analyzing mRNA localization.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yasufumi Takahashi
- Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST) , Saitama 332-0012, Japan
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