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Sun L, Yeo T, Middha E, Gao Y, Lim CT, Watanabe S, Liu B. In Situ Visualization of Dynamic Cellular Effects of Phospholipid Nanoparticles via High-Speed Scanning Ion Conductance Microscopy. Small 2022; 18:e2203285. [PMID: 35946985 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202203285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Phospholipid nanoparticles have been actively employed for numerous biomedical applications. A key factor in ensuring effective and safe applications of these nanomaterials is the regulation of their interactions with target cells, which is significantly dependent on an in-depth understanding of the nanoparticle-cell interactions. To date, most studies investigating these nano-bio interactions have been performed under static conditions and may lack crucial real-time information. It is, however, noteworthy that the nanoparticle-cell interactions are highly dynamic. Consequently, to gain a deeper insight into the cellular effects of phospholipid nanoparticles, real-time observation of cellular dynamics after nanoparticle introduction is necessary. Herein, a proof-of-concept in situ visualization of the dynamic cellular effects of sub-100 nm phospholipid nanoparticles using high-speed scanning ion conductance microscopy (HS-SICM) is reported. It is revealed that upon introduction into the cellular environment, within a short timescale of hundreds of seconds, phospholipid nanoparticles can selectively modulate the edge motility and surface roughness of healthy fibroblast and cancerous epithelial cells. Furthermore, the dynamic deformation profiles of these cells can be selectively altered in the presence of phospholipid nanoparticles. This work is anticipated to further shed light on the real-time nanoparticle-cell interactions for improved formulation of phospholipid nanoparticles for numerous bioapplications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linhao Sun
- Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-NanoLSI), Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Trifanny Yeo
- Institute for Health Innovation and Technology, National University of Singapore, MD6, 14 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
| | - Eshu Middha
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore, 117585, Singapore
| | - Yuji Gao
- Institute for Health Innovation and Technology, National University of Singapore, MD6, 14 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
| | - Chwee Teck Lim
- Institute for Health Innovation and Technology, National University of Singapore, MD6, 14 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 9 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore, 117575, Singapore
| | - Shinji Watanabe
- Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-NanoLSI), Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore, 117585, Singapore
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2
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Middha E, Chen C, Manghnani PN, Wang S, Zhen S, Zhao Z, Liu B. Synthesis of Uniform Polymer Encapsulated Organic Nanocrystals through Ouzo Nanocrystallization. Small Methods 2022; 6:e2100808. [PMID: 35041272 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202100808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Nanocrystals (NCs) are widely used in optoelectronics, photocatalysis, and bioimaging. As the surface area to volume ratio increases with a decrease in the size of NCs, strategies to control the size of NCs are highly valuable for many applications. Given the importance of photoluminescent dyes, especially those with aggregation-induced emission, the transformation from an amorphous to a crystalline state can yield a drastic enhancement in their optical properties, which is of significance for biomedical applications. Till now, there is no general method available for the synthesis of small NCs with accurate control over the size and uniformity. Herein, a simple and general approach of ouzo nanocrystallization is presented for the synthesis of small (<100 nm) and highly uniform (polydispersity index~0.1) NCs with good control over the size. The process of nanoprecipitation is used to synthesize uniform nanoparticles (NPs) with different size, which is followed by solvent addition to form swollen NPs. Further, the amorphous core of swollen NPs is converted into NCs within polymer shell under Ouzo zone, which restricts NCs to grow above certain size. To demonstrate the general applicability of ouzo nanocrystallization, two different classes of luminescent materials are used as examples to fabricate small and highly uniform NCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eshu Middha
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117585, Singapore
| | - Chengjian Chen
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117585, Singapore
| | - Purnima Naresh Manghnani
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117585, Singapore
| | - Shaowei Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117585, Singapore
| | - Shijie Zhen
- Center for Aggregation-Induced Emission, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Zujin Zhao
- Center for Aggregation-Induced Emission, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117585, Singapore
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Yeo T, She DT, Nai MH, Marcelo Valerio VL, Pan Y, Middha E, Lim CT, Liu B. Differential Collective Cell Migratory Behaviors Modulated by Phospholipid Nanocarriers. ACS Nano 2021; 15:17412-17425. [PMID: 34767716 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c03060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Phospholipid nanocarriers have been widely explored for theranostic and nanomedicine applications. These amphiphilic nanocarriers possess outstanding cargo encapsulation efficiency, high water dispersibility, and excellent biocompatibility, which render them promising for drug delivery and bioimaging applications. While the biological applications of phospholipid nanocarriers have been well documented, the fundamental aspects of the phospholipid-cell interactions beyond cytotoxicity have been less investigated. In particular, the effect of phospholipid nanocarriers on collective cell behaviors has not been elucidated. Herein, we evaluate the interactions of phospholipid nanocarriers possessing different functional groups and sizes with normal and cancerous immortalized breast epithelial cell sheets with varying metastatic potential. Specifically, we examine the impact of nanocarrier treatments on the collective migratory dynamics of these cell sheets. We observe that phospholipid nanocarriers induce differential collective cell migratory behaviors, where the migration speed of normal and cancerous breast epithelial cell sheets is retarded and accelerated, respectively. To a certain extent, the nanocarriers are able to alter the migration trajectory of the cancerous breast epithelial cells. Furthermore, phospholipid nanocarriers could modulate the stiffness of the nuclei, cytoplasm, and cell-cell junctions of the breast epithelial cell sheets, remodel their actin filament arrangement, and regulate the expressions of the actin-related proteins. We anticipate that this work will further shed light on nanomaterial-cell interactions and provide guidelines for rational and safer designs and applications of phospholipid nanocarriers for cancer theranostics and nanomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trifanny Yeo
- Institute for Health Innovation and Technology, National University of Singapore, MD6, 14 Medical Drive, Singapore 117599, Singapore
| | - David T She
- Institute for Health Innovation and Technology, National University of Singapore, MD6, 14 Medical Drive, Singapore 117599, Singapore
| | - Mui Hoon Nai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 9 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117575, Singapore
| | - Von Luigi Marcelo Valerio
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 9 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117575, Singapore
| | - Yutong Pan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore 117585, Singapore
| | - Eshu Middha
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore 117585, Singapore
| | - Chwee Teck Lim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 9 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117575, Singapore
- Institute for Health Innovation and Technology, National University of Singapore, MD6, 14 Medical Drive, Singapore 117599, Singapore
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, 5A Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117411, Singapore
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore 117585, Singapore
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Tavakkoli Yaraki M, Wu M, Middha E, Wu W, Daqiqeh Rezaei S, Liu B, Tan YN. Gold Nanostars-AIE Theranostic Nanodots with Enhanced Fluorescence and Photosensitization Towards Effective Image-Guided Photodynamic Therapy. Nanomicro Lett 2021; 13:58. [PMID: 34138261 PMCID: PMC8187487 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-020-00583-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Dual-functional aggregation-induced photosensitizers (AIE-PSs) with singlet oxygen generation (SOG) ability and bright fluorescence in aggregated state have received much attention in image-guided photodynamic therapy (PDT). However, designing an AIE-PS with both high SOG and intense fluorescence via molecular design is still challenging. In this work, we report a new nanohybrid consisting of gold nanostar (AuNS) and AIE-PS dots with enhanced fluorescence and photosensitization for theranostic applications. The spectral overlap between the extinction of AuNS and fluorescence emission of AIE-PS dots (665 nm) is carefully selected using five different AuNSs with distinct localized surface plasmon (LSPR) peaks. Results show that all the AuNSs can enhance the 1O2 production of AIE-PS dots, among which the AuNS with LSPR peak at 585 nm exhibited the highest 1O2 enhancement factor of 15-fold with increased fluorescence brightness. To the best of our knowledge, this is the highest enhancement factor reported for the metal-enhanced singlet oxygen generation systems. The Au585@AIE-PS nanodots were applied for simultaneous fluorescence imaging and photodynamic ablation of HeLa cancer cells with strongly enhanced PDT efficiency in vitro. This study provides a better understanding of the metal-enhanced AIE-PS nanohybrid systems, opening up new avenue towards advanced image-guided PDT with greatly improved efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Tavakkoli Yaraki
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, 138634, Singapore
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore, 117585, Singapore
| | - Min Wu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore, 117585, Singapore
| | - Eshu Middha
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore, 117585, Singapore
| | - Wenbo Wu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore, 117585, Singapore
| | - Soroosh Daqiqeh Rezaei
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, 138634, Singapore
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 9 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore, 117575, Singapore
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore, 117585, Singapore.
| | - Yen Nee Tan
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, 138634, Singapore.
- Faculty of Science, Agriculture and Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK.
- Newcastle Research and Innovation Institute (NewRIIS), 80 Jurong East Street 21, #05-04, Singapore, 609607, Singapore.
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Abstract
Organic electronic materials play important roles in modern electronic devices such as light-emitting diodes, solar cells, and transistors. Upon interaction with light, these optically active materials can undergo different photophysical and photochemical pathways, providing unique opportunities for optimization of light emission via radiative decay, heat generation via nonradiative decay, and singlet oxygen production or phosphorescence emission via intersystem crossing, all of which open alternative opportunities for their applications in sensing, imaging, and therapy. In this Perspective, we discuss all of the pathways that determine the optical properties of high-performance organic electronic materials, focusing on the optimization of each pathway for photogeneration and relaxation of electronic excited states. We also examine nanoparticle (NP) fabrication techniques tailored to macromolecules and small molecules to render them into NPs with optimized size and distribution for biomedical applications and endow organic electronic materials with water dispersibility and biocompatibility. Lastly, we illustrate the in vitro and in vivo applications of some representative organic electronic materials after optimization of each relaxation pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eshu Middha
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Engineering Drive 4, Singapore 117585
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Engineering Drive 4, Singapore 117585
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Yeo T, Manghnani PN, Middha E, Pan Y, Chen H, Lim CT, Liu B. Mechanistic Understanding of the Biological Responses to Polymeric Nanoparticles. ACS Nano 2020; 14:4509-4522. [PMID: 32250586 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b10195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Polymeric nanoparticles play important roles in the delivery of a multitude of therapeutic and imaging contrast agents. Although these nanomaterials have shown tremendous potential in disease diagnosis and therapy, there have been many reports on the failure of these nanoparticles in realizing their intended objectives due to an individual or a combination of factors, which have collectively challenged the merit of nanomedicine for disease theranostics. Herein, we investigate the interactions of polymeric nanoparticles with biological entities from molecular to organism levels. Specifically, the protein corona formation, in vitro endothelial uptake, and in vivo circulation time of these nanoparticles are systematically probed. We identify the crucial role of nanocarrier lipophilicity, zeta-potential, and size in controlling the interactions between nanoparticles and biological systems and propose a two-step framework in formulating a single nanoparticle system to regulate multiple biological effects. This study provides insight into the rational design and optimization of the performance of polymeric nanoparticles to advance their theranostic and nanomedicine applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trifanny Yeo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 9 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117575
| | - Purnima Naresh Manghnani
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore 117585
| | - Eshu Middha
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore 117585
| | - Yutong Pan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore 117585
| | - Huan Chen
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore 117585
| | - Chwee Teck Lim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 9 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117575
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore 117585
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Guo B, Feng Z, Hu D, Xu S, Middha E, Pan Y, Liu C, Zheng H, Qian J, Sheng Z, Liu B. Precise Deciphering of Brain Vasculatures and Microscopic Tumors with Dual NIR-II Fluorescence and Photoacoustic Imaging. Adv Mater 2019; 31:e1902504. [PMID: 31169334 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201902504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Diagnostics of cerebrovascular structures and microscopic tumors with intact blood-brain barrier (BBB) significantly contributes to timely treatment of patients bearing neurological diseases. Dual NIR-II fluorescence and photoacoustic imaging (PAI) is expected to offer powerful strength, including good spatiotemporal resolution, deep penetration, and large signal-to-background ratio (SBR) for precise brain diagnostics. Herein, biocompatible and photostable conjugated polymer nanoparticles (CP NPs) are reported for dual-modality brain imaging in the NIR-II window. Uniform CP NPs with a size of 50 nm are fabricated from microfluidics devices, which show an emission peak at 1156 nm with a large absorptivity of 35.2 L g-1 cm-1 at 1000 nm. The NIR-II fluorescence imaging resolves hemodynamics and cerebral vasculatures with a spatial resolution of 23 µm at a depth of 600 µm. The NIR-II PAI enables successful noninvasive mapping of deep microscopic brain tumors (<2 mm at a depth of 2.4 mm beneath dense skull and scalp) with an SBR of 7.2 after focused ultrasound-induced BBB opening. This study demonstrates that CP NPs are promising contrast agents for brain diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Guo
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore, 117585, Singapore
| | - Zhe Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentations, Centre for Optical and Electromagnetic Research, College of OpticalScience and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, P. R. China
| | - Dehong Hu
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Shidang Xu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore, 117585, Singapore
| | - Eshu Middha
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore, 117585, Singapore
| | - Yutong Pan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore, 117585, Singapore
| | - Chengbo Liu
- Research Laboratory for Biomedical Optics and Molecular Imaging, Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Hairong Zheng
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Jun Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentations, Centre for Optical and Electromagnetic Research, College of OpticalScience and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, P. R. China
| | - Zonghai Sheng
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore, 117585, Singapore
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Guo B, Chen J, Chen N, Middha E, Xu S, Pan Y, Wu M, Li K, Liu C, Liu B. High-Resolution 3D NIR-II Photoacoustic Imaging of Cerebral and Tumor Vasculatures Using Conjugated Polymer Nanoparticles as Contrast Agent. Adv Mater 2019; 31:e1808355. [PMID: 31063244 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201808355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Revised: 03/31/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Exogenous contrast-agent-assisted NIR-II optical-resolution photoacoustic microscopy imaging (ORPAMI) holds promise to decipher wide-field 3D biological structures with deep penetration, large signal-to-background ratio (SBR), and high maximum imaging depth to depth resolution ratio. Herein, NIR-II conjugated polymer nanoparticle (CP NP) assisted ORPAMI is reported for pinpointing cerebral and tumor vasculatures. The CP NPs exhibit a large extinction coefficient of 48.1 L g-1 at the absorption maximum of 1161 nm, with an ultrahigh PA sensitivity up to 2 µg mL-1 . 3D ORPAMI of wide-field mice ear allows clear visualization of regular vasculatures with a resolution of 19.2 µm and an SBR of 29.3 dB at the maximal imaging depth of 539 µm. The margin of ear tumor composed of torsional dense vessels among surrounding normal regular vessels can be clearly delineated via 3D angiography. In addition, 3D whole-cortex cerebral vasculatures with large imaging area (48 mm2 ), good resolution (25.4 µm), and high SBR (22.3 dB) at a depth up to 1001 µm are clearly resolved through the intact skull. These results are superior to the recently reported 3D NIR-II fluorescence confocal vascular imaging, which opens up new opportunities for NIR-II CP-NP-assisted ORPAMI in various biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Guo
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore, 117585, Singapore
| | - Jingqin Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Health Informatics, Research Laboratory for Biomedical Optics and Molecular Imaging, Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
- Shenzhen College of Advanced Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Science, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Ningbo Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Health Informatics, Research Laboratory for Biomedical Optics and Molecular Imaging, Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Eshu Middha
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore, 117585, Singapore
| | - Shidang Xu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore, 117585, Singapore
| | - Yutong Pan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore, 117585, Singapore
| | - Min Wu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore, 117585, Singapore
| | - Ke Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Health Informatics, Research Laboratory for Biomedical Optics and Molecular Imaging, Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Chengbo Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Health Informatics, Research Laboratory for Biomedical Optics and Molecular Imaging, Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore, 117585, Singapore
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Wang Z, Guo B, Middha E, Huang Z, Hu Q, Fu Z, Liu B. Microfluidics-Prepared Uniform Conjugated Polymer Nanoparticles for Photo-Triggered Immune Microenvironment Modulation and Cancer Therapy. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2019; 11:11167-11176. [PMID: 30810026 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b22579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Photothermal therapy (PTT) has shown great promise to spatiotemporally ablate cancer cells, and further understanding of the immune system response to PTT treatment would contribute to improvement in therapeutic outcomes. Herein, we utilize microfluidic technology to prepare biocompatible conjugated polymer nanoparticles (CP NPs) as PTT agents and assess the immune response triggered by CP-based PTT treatment in vitro and in vivo. Through careful control of the antisolvent, CP NPs with a uniform diameter of 52 nm were obtained. The c-RGD-functionalized CP NPs exhibit high photothermal conversion efficiency, inducing effective cancer cell death under an 808 nm laser illumination. Using macrophage cells as the model, CP NPs demonstrate effective activation of proinflammatory immune response. Furthermore, in tumor-bearing mice model, a single round of CP NP-assisted PTT could efficiently induce antitumor immunity activation and ultimately inhibit tumor growth. The study provides detailed understanding of both microfluidic technology for CP NP fabrication and photothermal-triggered antitumor immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Wang
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering , Zhejiang University of Technology , Hangzhou 310032 , China
| | - Bing Guo
- Department of Chemical and Bio-Molecular Engineering , National University of Singapore , 117585 , Singapore
| | - Eshu Middha
- Department of Chemical and Bio-Molecular Engineering , National University of Singapore , 117585 , Singapore
| | - Zemin Huang
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering , Zhejiang University of Technology , Hangzhou 310032 , China
| | - Qinglian Hu
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering , Zhejiang University of Technology , Hangzhou 310032 , China
| | - Zhengwei Fu
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering , Zhejiang University of Technology , Hangzhou 310032 , China
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Chemical and Bio-Molecular Engineering , National University of Singapore , 117585 , Singapore
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10
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Abstract
Organic particles have attracted extensive attention due to their broad scientific and industrial applications. Solvents play important roles in producing organic particles with fine-tuned sizes, shapes, and surface morphologies, thus the advancement of microfluidic devices with a thorough understanding of solvent miscibility offers additional opportunities to fabricate organic particles in large quantities. In this issue of ACS Nano, Chen et al. report that solvents could play a seemingly magical role in switching both reaction directions and particle morphologies from the same starting materials. Through monitoring the particle formulation kinetics, both social self-sorting and narcissistic self-sorting mechanisms have been proposed, which offer powerful methods to yield organic particles with desirable shapes and compositions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Guo
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering , National University of Singapore , 4 Engineering Drive 4 , Singapore 117585
| | - Eshu Middha
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering , National University of Singapore , 4 Engineering Drive 4 , Singapore 117585
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering , National University of Singapore , 4 Engineering Drive 4 , Singapore 117585
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