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Batarchuk V, Shepelytskyi Y, Grynko V, Kovacs AH, Hodgson A, Rodriguez K, Aldossary R, Talwar T, Hasselbrink C, Ruset IC, DeBoef B, Albert MS. Hyperpolarized Xenon-129 Chemical Exchange Saturation Transfer (HyperCEST) Molecular Imaging: Achievements and Future Challenges. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1939. [PMID: 38339217 PMCID: PMC10856220 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Molecular magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is an emerging field that is set to revolutionize our perspective of disease diagnosis, treatment efficacy monitoring, and precision medicine in full concordance with personalized medicine. A wide range of hyperpolarized (HP) 129Xe biosensors have been recently developed, demonstrating their potential applications in molecular settings, and achieving notable success within in vitro studies. The favorable nuclear magnetic resonance properties of 129Xe, coupled with its non-toxic nature, high solubility in biological tissues, and capacity to dissolve in blood and diffuse across membranes, highlight its superior role for applications in molecular MRI settings. The incorporation of reporters that combine signal enhancement from both hyperpolarized 129Xe and chemical exchange saturation transfer holds the potential to address the primary limitation of low sensitivity observed in conventional MRI. This review provides a summary of the various applications of HP 129Xe biosensors developed over the last decade, specifically highlighting their use in MRI. Moreover, this paper addresses the evolution of in vivo applications of HP 129Xe, discussing its potential transition into clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktoriia Batarchuk
- Chemistry Department, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1, Canada; (V.B.)
- Thunder Bay Regional Health Research Institute, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 6V4, Canada
| | - Yurii Shepelytskyi
- Chemistry Department, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1, Canada; (V.B.)
- Thunder Bay Regional Health Research Institute, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 6V4, Canada
| | - Vira Grynko
- Thunder Bay Regional Health Research Institute, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 6V4, Canada
- Chemistry and Materials Science Program, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1, Canada
| | - Antal Halen Kovacs
- Applied Life Science Program, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1, Canada
| | - Aaron Hodgson
- Physics Program, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1, Canada
| | - Karla Rodriguez
- Chemistry Department, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1, Canada; (V.B.)
| | - Ruba Aldossary
- Thunder Bay Regional Health Research Institute, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 6V4, Canada
| | - Tanu Talwar
- Chemistry Department, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1, Canada; (V.B.)
| | - Carson Hasselbrink
- Chemistry & Biochemistry Department, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407-005, USA
| | | | - Brenton DeBoef
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
| | - Mitchell S. Albert
- Chemistry Department, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1, Canada; (V.B.)
- Thunder Bay Regional Health Research Institute, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 6V4, Canada
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1, Canada
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2
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Pavlović RZ, Finnegan TJ, Metlushko A, Hansen AL, Waudby CA, Wang X, Hoefer N, McComb DW, Pavić A, Plackić N, Novaković J, Bradić J, Jeremić N, Jakovljević V, Šmit B, Matić S, Alvarez-Saavedra MA, Čapo I, Moore CE, Stupp SI, Badjić JD. Dynamic and Assembly Characteristics of Deep-Cavity Basket Acting as a Host for Inclusion Complexation of Mitoxantrone in Biotic and Abiotic Systems. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202303374. [PMID: 37851342 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202303374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
We describe the preparation, dynamic, assembly characteristics of vase-shaped basket 13- along with its ability to form an inclusion complex with anticancer drug mitoxantrone in abiotic and biotic systems. This novel cavitand has a deep nonpolar pocket consisting of three naphthalimide sides fused to a bicyclic platform at the bottom while carrying polar glycines at the top. The results of 1 H Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR), 1 H NMR Chemical Exchange Saturation Transfer (CEST), Calorimetry, Hybrid Replica Exchange Molecular Dynamics (REMD), and Microcrystal Electron Diffraction (MicroED) measurements are in line with 1 forming dimer [12 ]6- , to be in equilibrium with monomers 1(R) 3- (relaxed) and 1(S) 3- (squeezed). Through simultaneous line-shape analysis of 1 H NMR data, kinetic and thermodynamic parameters characterizing these equilibria were quantified. Basket 1(R) 3- includes anticancer drug mitoxantrone (MTO2+ ) in its pocket to give stable binary complex [MTO⊂1]- (Kd =2.1 μM) that can be precipitated in vitro with UV light or pH as stimuli. Both in vitro and in vivo studies showed that the basket is nontoxic, while at a higher proportion with respect to MTO it reduced its cytotoxicity in vitro. With well-characterized internal dynamics and dimerization, the ability to include mitoxantrone, and biocompatibility, the stage is set to develop sequestering agents from deep-cavity baskets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radoslav Z Pavlović
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 1100 W. 18th Avenue, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60208, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60208, USA)
| | - Tyler J Finnegan
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 1100 W. 18th Avenue, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Anna Metlushko
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60208, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60208, USA)
| | - Alexandar L Hansen
- Campus Chemical Instrument Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | | | - Xiuze Wang
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 1100 W. 18th Avenue, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Nicole Hoefer
- Center for Electron Microscopy and Analysis, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - David W McComb
- Center for Electron Microscopy and Analysis, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Aleksandar Pavić
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nikola Plackić
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jovana Novaković
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
- Center for Excellence for Redox Balance Research in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Jovana Bradić
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
- Center for Excellence for Redox Balance Research in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Nevena Jeremić
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
- Center for Excellence for Redox Balance Research in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Vladimir Jakovljević
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
- Center for Excellence for Redox Balance Research in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Biljana Šmit
- University of Kragujevac, Institute for Information Technologies, Department of Science, Kragujevac, Serbia)
| | - Sanja Matić
- University of Kragujevac, Institute for Information Technologies, Department of Science, Kragujevac, Serbia)
| | - Matias A Alvarez-Saavedra
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60208, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60208, USA)
| | - Ivan Čapo
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical Faculty of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Curtis E Moore
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 1100 W. 18th Avenue, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Samuel I Stupp
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60208, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60208, USA)
| | - Jovica D Badjić
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 1100 W. 18th Avenue, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
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Saul P, Schröder L, Schmidt AB, Hövener JB. Nanomaterials for hyperpolarized nuclear magnetic resonance and magnetic resonance imaging. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2023:e1879. [PMID: 36781151 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
Nanomaterials play an important role in the development and application of hyperpolarized materials for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). In this context they can not only act as hyperpolarized materials which are directly imaged but also play a role as carriers for hyperpolarized gases and catalysts for para-hydrogen induced polarization (PHIP) to generate hyperpolarized substrates for metabolic imaging. Those three application possibilities are discussed, focusing on carbon-based materials for the directly imaged particles. An overview over recent developments in all three fields is given, including the early developments in each field as well as important steps towards applications in MRI, such as making the initially developed methods more biocompatible and first imaging experiments with spatial resolution in either phantoms or in vivo studies. Focusing on the important features nanomaterials need to display to be applicable in the MRI context, a wide range of different approaches to that extent is covered, giving the reader a general idea of different possibilities as well as recent developments in those different fields of hyperpolarized magnetic resonance. This article is categorized under: Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Emerging Technologies Diagnostic Tools > In Vivo Nanodiagnostics and Imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Saul
- Section Biomedical Imaging, Molecular Imaging North Competence Center (MOIN CC), Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Leif Schröder
- Division of Translational Molecular Imaging, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Molecular Imaging, Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas B Schmidt
- Intergrative Biosciences (Ibio), Department of Chemistry, Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Freiburg, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Division of Medical Physics, Department of Radiology, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jan-Bernd Hövener
- Section Biomedical Imaging, Molecular Imaging North Competence Center (MOIN CC), Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
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4
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McHugh CT, Durham PG, Atalla S, Kelley M, Bryden NJ, Dayton PA, Branca RT. Low-boiling Point Perfluorocarbon Nanodroplets as Dual-Phase Dual-Modality MR/US Contrast Agent. Chemphyschem 2022; 23:e202200438. [PMID: 36037034 PMCID: PMC10087365 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202200438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Detection of bare gas microbubbles by magnetic resonance (MR) at low concentrations typically used in clinical contrast-ultrasound studies was recently demonstrated using hyperCEST. Despite the enhanced sensitivity achieved with hyperCEST, in vivo translation is challenging as on-resonance saturation of the gas-phase core of microbubbles consequently results in saturation of the gas-phase hyperpolarized 129 Xe within the lungs. Alternatively, microbubbles can be condensed into the liquid phase to form perfluorocarbon nanodroplets, where 129 Xe resonates at a chemical shift that is separated from the gas-phase signal in the lungs. For ultrasound applications, nanodroplets can be acoustically reverted back into their microbubble form to act as a phase-change contrast agent. Here, we show that low-boiling point perfluorocarbons, both in their liquid and gas form, generate phase-dependent hyperCEST contrast. Magnetic resonance detection of ultrasound-mediated phase transition demonstrates that these perfluorocarbons could be used as a dual-phase dual-modality MR/US contrast agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian T. McHugh
- Department of Physics & AstronomyThe University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNC 27599US
- Biomedical Research Imaging CenterThe University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNC 27599USA
| | - Phillip G. Durham
- Department of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular PharmaceuticsThe University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNC 27599USA
| | - Sebastian Atalla
- Department of Physics & AstronomyThe University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNC 27599US
- Biomedical Research Imaging CenterThe University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNC 27599USA
| | - Michele Kelley
- Department of Physics & AstronomyThe University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNC 27599US
- Biomedical Research Imaging CenterThe University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNC 27599USA
| | - Nicholas J. Bryden
- Department of Physics & AstronomyThe University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNC 27599US
- Biomedical Research Imaging CenterThe University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNC 27599USA
| | - Paul A. Dayton
- Biomedical Research Imaging CenterThe University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNC 27599USA
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringThe University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNC 27599USA
| | - Rosa T. Branca
- Department of Physics & AstronomyThe University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNC 27599US
- Biomedical Research Imaging CenterThe University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNC 27599USA
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5
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Andreou C, Weissleder R, Kircher MF. Multiplexed imaging in oncology. Nat Biomed Eng 2022; 6:527-540. [PMID: 35624151 DOI: 10.1038/s41551-022-00891-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
In oncology, technologies for clinical molecular imaging are used to diagnose patients, establish the efficacy of treatments and monitor the recurrence of disease. Multiplexed methods increase the number of disease-specific biomarkers that can be detected simultaneously, such as the overexpression of oncogenic proteins, aberrant metabolite uptake and anomalous blood perfusion. The quantitative localization of each biomarker could considerably increase the specificity and the accuracy of technologies for clinical molecular imaging to facilitate granular diagnoses, patient stratification and earlier assessments of the responses to administered therapeutics. In this Review, we discuss established techniques for multiplexed imaging and the most promising emerging multiplexing technologies applied to the imaging of isolated tissues and cells and to non-invasive whole-body imaging. We also highlight advances in radiology that have been made possible by multiplexed imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chrysafis Andreou
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.,Center for Molecular Imaging and Nanotechnology (CMINT), Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Ralph Weissleder
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. .,Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. .,Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Moritz F Kircher
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Imaging, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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6
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Li H, Hai Z, Zou L, Zhang L, Wang L, Wang L, Liang G. Simultaneous enhancement of T 1 and T 2 magnetic resonance imaging of liver tumor at respective low and high magnetic fields. Theranostics 2022; 12:410-417. [PMID: 34987653 PMCID: PMC8690926 DOI: 10.7150/thno.67155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Nowadays, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is routinely applied in clinical diagnosis. However, using one contrast agent (CA) to simultaneously enhance the T1 and T2 MR contrast at low and high magnetic fields respectively has not been reported. Methods: Herein, we investigated the MR property of a γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT)-instructed, intracellular formed gadolinium nanoparticle (DOTA-Gd-CBT-NP) at low and high magnetic fields. Results: Experimental results showed that DOTA-Gd-CBT-NP possesses a low r2/r1 ratio 0.91 which enables it to enhance T1 MR imaging of liver tumor at 1.0 T, and a high r2/r1 ratio 11.8 which renders the nanoparticle to largely enhance T2 MR imaging of liver tumor at 9.4 T. Conclusion: We expect that our GGT-responsive Gd-nanoparticle could be applied for simultaneous T1 and T2 MRI diagnosis of early liver cancer in clinic at respective low and high magnetic fields when the 9.4 T MR machine is clinically available in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Li
- Department of Radiology, the Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Zijuan Hai
- Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials, Ministry of Education, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Liwei Zou
- Department of Radiology, the Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Lele Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials, Ministry of Education, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Lulu Wang
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China
| | - Longsheng Wang
- Department of Radiology, the Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Gaolin Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China
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Abstract
The use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and spectroscopy (MRS) in the clinical setting enables the acquisition of valuable anatomical information in a rapid, non-invasive fashion. However, MRI applications for identifying disease-related biomarkers are limited due to low sensitivity at clinical magnetic field strengths. The development of hyperpolarized (hp) 129Xe MRI/MRS techniques as complements to traditional 1H-based imaging has been a burgeoning area of research over the past two decades. Pioneering experiments have shown that hp 129Xe can be encapsulated within host molecules to generate ultrasensitive biosensors. In particular, xenon has high affinity for cryptophanes, which are small organic cages that can be functionalized with affinity tags, fluorophores, solubilizing groups, and other moieties to identify biomedically relevant analytes. Cryptophane sensors designed for proteins, metal ions, nucleic acids, pH, and temperature have achieved nanomolar-to-femtomolar limits of detection via a combination of 129Xe hyperpolarization and chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) techniques. This review aims to summarize the development of cryptophane biosensors for 129Xe MRI applications, while highlighting innovative biosensor designs and the consequent enhancements in detection sensitivity, which will be invaluable in expanding the scope of 129Xe MRI. This review aims to summarize the development of cryptophane biosensors for 129Xe MRI applications, while highlighting innovative biosensor designs and the consequent enhancements in detection sensitivity, which will be invaluable in expanding the scope of 129Xe MRI.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Serge D Zemerov
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34 St., Philadelphia, PA 19104-6323, USA
| | - Ivan J Dmochowski
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34 St., Philadelphia, PA 19104-6323, USA
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8
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Shusterman‐Krush R, Tirukoti ND, Bandela AK, Avram L, Allouche‐Arnon H, Cai X, Gibb BC, Bar‐Shir A. Single Fluorinated Agent for Multiplexed
19
F‐MRI with Micromolar Detectability Based on Dynamic Exchange. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202100427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ronit Shusterman‐Krush
- Department of Organic Chemistry Faculty of Chemistry Weizmann Institute of Science Rehovot 7610001 Israel
| | - Nishanth D. Tirukoti
- Department of Organic Chemistry Faculty of Chemistry Weizmann Institute of Science Rehovot 7610001 Israel
| | - Anil Kumar Bandela
- Department of Organic Chemistry Faculty of Chemistry Weizmann Institute of Science Rehovot 7610001 Israel
| | - Liat Avram
- Department of Chemical Research Support Faculty of Chemistry Weizmann Institute of Science Rehovot 7610001 Israel
| | - Hyla Allouche‐Arnon
- Department of Organic Chemistry Faculty of Chemistry Weizmann Institute of Science Rehovot 7610001 Israel
| | - Xiaoyang Cai
- Department of Chemistry Tulane University New Orleans LA 70118 USA
| | - Bruce C. Gibb
- Department of Chemistry Tulane University New Orleans LA 70118 USA
| | - Amnon Bar‐Shir
- Department of Organic Chemistry Faculty of Chemistry Weizmann Institute of Science Rehovot 7610001 Israel
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9
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McHugh CT, Durham PG, Kelley M, Dayton PA, Branca RT. Magnetic Resonance Detection of Gas Microbubbles via HyperCEST: A Path Toward Dual Modality Contrast Agent. Chemphyschem 2021; 22:1219-1228. [PMID: 33852753 PMCID: PMC8494452 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202100183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Gas microbubbles are an established clinical ultrasound contrast agent. They could also become a powerful magnetic resonance (MR) intravascular contrast agent, but their low susceptibility-induced contrast requires high circulating concentrations or the addition of exogenous paramagnetic nanoparticles for MR detection. In order to detect clinical in vivo concentrations of raw microbubbles via MR, an alternative detection scheme must be used. HyperCEST is an NMR technique capable of indirectly detecting signals from very dilute molecules (concentrations well below the NMR detection threshold) that exchange hyperpolarized 129 Xe. Here, we use quantitative hyperCEST to show that microbubbles are very efficient hyperCEST agents. They can accommodate and saturate millions of 129 Xe atoms at a time, allowing for their indirect detection at concentrations as low as 10 femtomolar. The increased MR sensitivity to microbubbles achieved via hyperCEST can bridge the gap for microbubbles to become a dual modality contrast agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian T. McHugh
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
- Biomedical Research Imaging Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Phillip G. Durham
- Department of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, The University of North arolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Michele Kelley
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
- Biomedical Research Imaging Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Paul A. Dayton
- Biomedical Research Imaging Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Rosa T. Branca
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
- Biomedical Research Imaging Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
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10
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Shusterman-Krush R, Tirukoti ND, Bandela AK, Avram L, Allouche-Arnon H, Cai X, Gibb BC, Bar-Shir A. Single Fluorinated Agent for Multiplexed 19 F-MRI with Micromolar Detectability Based on Dynamic Exchange. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:15405-15411. [PMID: 33856080 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202100427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The weak thermal polarization of nuclear spins limits the sensitivity of MRI, even for MR-sensitive nuclei as fluorine-19. Therefore, despite being the source of inspiration for the development of background-free MRI for various applications, including for multiplexed imaging, the inability to map very low concentrations of targets using 19 F-MRI raises the need to further enhance this platform's capabilities. Here, we employ the principles of CEST-MRI in 19 F-MRI to obtain a 900-fold signal amplification of a biocompatible fluorinated agent, which can be presented in a "multicolor" fashion. Capitalizing on the dynamic interactions in host-guest supramolecular assemblies in an approach termed GEST, we demonstrate that an inhalable fluorinated anesthetic can be used as a single 19 F-probe for the concurrent detection of micromolar levels of two targets, with potential in vivo translatability. Further extending GEST with new designs could expand the applicability of 19 F-MRI to the mapping of targets that have so-far remained non-detectable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronit Shusterman-Krush
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Nishanth D Tirukoti
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Anil Kumar Bandela
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Liat Avram
- Department of Chemical Research Support, Faculty of Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Hyla Allouche-Arnon
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Xiaoyang Cai
- Department of Chemistry, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70118, USA
| | - Bruce C Gibb
- Department of Chemistry, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70118, USA
| | - Amnon Bar-Shir
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
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11
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Goren E, Avram L, Bar-Shir A. Versatile non-luminescent color palette based on guest exchange dynamics in paramagnetic cavitands. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3072. [PMID: 34031377 PMCID: PMC8144181 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23179-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Multicolor luminescent portrayal of complexed arrays is indispensable for many aspects of science and technology. Nevertheless, challenges such as inaccessible readouts from opaque objects, a limited visible-light spectrum and restricted spectral resolution call for alternative approaches for multicolor representation. Here, we present a strategy for spatial COlor Display by Exploiting Host-guest Dynamics (CODE-HD), comprising a paramagnetic cavitand library and various guests. First, a set of lanthanide-cradled α-cyclodextrins (Ln-CDs) is designed to induce pseudo-contact shifts in the 19F-NMR spectrum of Ln-CD-bound guest. Then, capitalizing on reversible host-guest binding dynamics and using magnetization-transfer 19F-MRI, pseudo-colored maps of complexed arrays are acquired and applied in molecular-steganography scenarios, showing CODE-HD’s ability to generate versatile outputs for information encoding. By exploiting the widely shifted resonances induced by Ln-CDs, the guest versatility and supramolecular systems' reversibility, CODE-HD provides a switchable, polychromatic palette, as an advanced strategy for light-free, multicolor-mapping. Host-guest supramolecular chemistry can be used as a tool to develop multicolor displays. Here, the authors present a system based on lanthanide-cradled cyclodextrins that allows to construct MRI-readable and erasable artificial non-luminescent color palettes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elad Goren
- Department of Molecular Chemistry and Materials Science, Faculty of Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Liat Avram
- Department of Chemical Research Support, Faculty of Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Amnon Bar-Shir
- Department of Molecular Chemistry and Materials Science, Faculty of Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
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12
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Yang Y, Zhang Y, Wang B, Guo Q, Yuan Y, Jiang W, Shi L, Yang M, Chen S, Lou X, Zhou X. Coloring ultrasensitive MRI with tunable metal-organic frameworks. Chem Sci 2021; 12:4300-4308. [PMID: 34163694 PMCID: PMC8179523 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc06969h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
As one of the most important imaging modalities, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) still faces relatively low sensitivity to monitor low-abundance molecules. A newly developed technology, hyperpolarized 129Xe magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), can boost the signal sensitivity to over 10 000-fold compared with that under conventional MRI conditions, and this technique is referred to as ultrasensitive MRI. However, there are few methods to visualize complex mixtures in this field due to the difficulty in achieving favorable “cages” to capture the signal source, namely, 129Xe atoms. Here, we proposed metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) as tunable nanoporous hosts to provide suitable cavities for xenon. Due to the widely dispersed spectroscopic signals, 129Xe in different MOFs was easily visualized by assigning each chemical shift to a specific color. The results illustrated that the pore size determined the exchange rate, and the geometric structure and elemental composition influenced the local charge experienced by xenon. We confirmed that a complex mixture was first differentiated by specific colors in ultrasensitive MRI. The introduction of MOFs helps to overcome long-standing obstacles in ultrasensitive, multiplexed MRI. Metal organic frameworks with tunable pore structures are able to provide varied chemical environments for hyperpolarized 129Xe atom hosting, which results in distinguishing magnetic resonance signals, and stains ultra-sensitive magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with diverse colors.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqi Yang
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences-Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics Wuhan 430071 China .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Yingfeng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences-Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics Wuhan 430071 China
| | - Baolong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences-Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics Wuhan 430071 China
| | - Qianni Guo
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences-Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics Wuhan 430071 China .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Yaping Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences-Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics Wuhan 430071 China .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Weiping Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences-Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics Wuhan 430071 China .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Lei Shi
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences-Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics Wuhan 430071 China .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Minghui Yang
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences-Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics Wuhan 430071 China .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Shizhen Chen
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences-Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics Wuhan 430071 China .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Xin Lou
- Department of Radiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital Beijing 100039 China
| | - Xin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences-Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics Wuhan 430071 China .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
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13
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Kunth M, Witte C, Schröder L. Mapping of Absolute Host Concentration and Exchange Kinetics of Xenon Hyper-CEST MRI Agents. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:79. [PMID: 33494166 PMCID: PMC7909792 DOI: 10.3390/ph14020079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Xenon magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provides excellent sensitivity through the combination of spin hyperpolarization and chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST). To this end, molecular hosts such as cryptophane-A or cucurbit[n]urils provide unique opportunities to design switchable MRI reporters. The concentration determination of such xenon binding sites in samples of unknown dilution remains, however, challenging. Contrary to 1H CEST agents, an internal reference of a certain host (in this case, cryptophane-A) at micromolar concentration is already sufficient to resolve the entire exchange kinetics information, including an unknown host concentration and the xenon spin exchange rate. Fast echo planar imaging (EPI)-based Hyper-CEST MRI in combination with Bloch-McConnell analysis thus allows quantitative insights to compare the performance of different emerging ultra-sensitive MRI reporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Kunth
- Molecular Imaging, Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Campus Berlin-Buch, Robert-Roessle-Str. 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Christopher Witte
- Molecular Imaging, Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Campus Berlin-Buch, Robert-Roessle-Str. 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Leif Schröder
- Molecular Imaging, Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Campus Berlin-Buch, Robert-Roessle-Str. 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany;
- Translational Molecular Imaging, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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14
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Repurposing Clinical Agents for Chemical Exchange Saturation Transfer Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Current Status and Future Perspectives. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2020; 14:ph14010011. [PMID: 33374213 PMCID: PMC7824058 DOI: 10.3390/ph14010011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Revised: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular imaging is becoming an indispensable tool to pursue precision medicine. However, quickly translating newly developed magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) agents into clinical use remains a formidable challenge. Recently, Chemical Exchange Saturation Transfer (CEST) MRI is emerging as an attractive approach with the capability of directly using low concentration, exchangeable protons-containing agents for generating quantitative MRI contrast. The ability to utilize diamagnetic compounds has been extensively exploited to detect many clinical compounds, such as FDA approved drugs, X-ray/CT contrast agents, nutrients, supplements, and biopolymers. The ability to directly off-label use clinical compounds permits CEST MRI to be rapidly translated to clinical settings. In this review, the current status of CEST MRI based on clinically available compounds will be briefly introduced. The advancements and limitations of these studies are reviewed in the context of their pre-clinical or clinical applications. Finally, future directions will be briefly discussed.
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15
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Jayapaul J, Schröder L. Molecular Sensing with Host Systems for Hyperpolarized 129Xe. Molecules 2020; 25:E4627. [PMID: 33050669 PMCID: PMC7587211 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25204627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperpolarized noble gases have been used early on in applications for sensitivity enhanced NMR. 129Xe has been explored for various applications because it can be used beyond the gas-driven examination of void spaces. Its solubility in aqueous solutions and its affinity for hydrophobic binding pockets allows "functionalization" through combination with host structures that bind one or multiple gas atoms. Moreover, the transient nature of gas binding in such hosts allows the combination with another signal enhancement technique, namely chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST). Different systems have been investigated for implementing various types of so-called Xe biosensors where the gas binds to a targeted host to address molecular markers or to sense biophysical parameters. This review summarizes developments in biosensor design and synthesis for achieving molecular sensing with NMR at unprecedented sensitivity. Aspects regarding Xe exchange kinetics and chemical engineering of various classes of hosts for an efficient build-up of the CEST effect will also be discussed as well as the cavity design of host molecules to identify a pool of bound Xe. The concept is presented in the broader context of reporter design with insights from other modalities that are helpful for advancing the field of Xe biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Leif Schröder
- Molecular Imaging, Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), 13125 Berlin, Germany;
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16
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Du K, Zemerov SD, Hurtado Parra S, Kikkawa JM, Dmochowski IJ. Paramagnetic Organocobalt Capsule Revealing Xenon Host-Guest Chemistry. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:13831-13844. [PMID: 32207611 PMCID: PMC7672707 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b03634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
We investigated Xe binding in a previously reported paramagnetic metal-organic tetrahedral capsule, [Co4L6]4-, where L2- = 4,4'-bis[(2-pyridinylmethylene)amino][1,1'-biphenyl]-2,2'-disulfonate. The Xe-inclusion complex, [XeCo4L6]4-, was confirmed by 1H NMR spectroscopy to be the dominant species in aqueous solution saturated with Xe gas. The measured Xe dissociation rate in [XeCo4L6]4-, koff = 4.45(5) × 102 s-1, was at least 40 times greater than that in the analogous [XeFe4L6]4- complex, highlighting the capability of metal-ligand interactions to tune the capsule size and guest permeability. The rapid exchange of 129Xe nuclei in [XeCo4L6]4- produced significant hyperpolarized 129Xe chemical exchange saturation transfer (hyper-CEST) NMR signal at 298 K, detected at a concentration of [XeCo4L6]4- as low as 100 pM, with presaturation at -89 ppm, which was referenced to solvated 129Xe in H2O. The saturation offset was highly temperature-dependent with a slope of -0.41(3) ppm/K, which is attributed to hyperfine interactions between the encapsulated 129Xe nucleus and electron spins on the four CoII centers. As such, [XeCo4L6]4- represents the first example of a paramagnetic hyper-CEST (paraHYPERCEST) sensor. Remarkably, the hyper-CEST 129Xe NMR resonance for [XeCo4L6]4- (δ = -89 ppm) was shifted 105 ppm upfield from the diamagnetic analogue [XeFe4L6]4- (δ = +16 ppm). The Xe inclusion complex was further characterized in the crystal structure of (C(NH2)3)4[Xe0.7Co4L6]·75 H2O (1). Hydrogen bonding between capsule-linker sulfonate groups and exogenous guanidinium cations, (C(NH2)3)+, stabilized capsule-capsule interactions in the solid state and also assisted in trapping a Xe atom (∼42 Å3) in the large (135 Å3) cavity of 1. Magnetic susceptibility measurements confirmed the presence of four noninteracting, magnetically anisotropic high-spin CoII centers in 1. Furthermore, [Co4L6]4- was found to be stable toward aggregation and oxidation, and the CEST performance of [XeCo4L6]4- was unaffected by biological macromolecules in H2O. These results recommend metal-organic capsules for fundamental investigations of Xe host-guest chemistry as well as applications with highly sensitive 129Xe-based sensors.
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17
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Du K, Zemerov SD, Carroll PJ, Dmochowski IJ. Paramagnetic Shifts and Guest Exchange Kinetics in Co nFe 4-n Metal-Organic Capsules. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:12758-12767. [PMID: 32851844 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c01816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We investigate the magnetic resonance properties and exchange kinetics of guest molecules in a series of hetero-bimetallic capsules, [ConFe4-nL6]4- (n = 1-3), where L2- = 4,4'-bis[(2-pyridinylmethylene)amino]-[1,1'-biphenyl]-2,2'-disulfonate. H bond networks between capsule sulfonates and guanidinium cations promote the crystallization of [ConFe4-nL6]4-. The following four isostructural crystals are reported: two guest-free forms, (C(NH2)3)4[Co1.8Fe2.2L6]·69H2O (1) and (C(NH2)3)4[Co2.7Fe1.3L6]·73H2O (2), and two Xe- and CFCl3-encapsulated forms, (C(NH2)3)4[(Xe)0.8Co1.8Fe2.2L6]·69H2O (3) and (C(NH2)3)4[(CFCl3)Co2.0Fe2.0L6]·73H2O (4), respectively. Structural analyses reveal that Xe induces negligible structural changes in 3, while the angles between neighboring phenyl groups expand by ca. 3° to accommodate the much larger guest, CFCl3, in 4. These guest-encapsulated [ConFe4-nL6]4- molecules reveal 129Xe and 19F chemical shift changes of ca. -22 and -10 ppm at 298 K, respectively, per substitution of low-spin FeII by high-spin CoII. Likewise, the temperature dependence of the 129Xe and 19F NMR resonances increases by 0.1 and 0.06 ppm/K, respectively, with each additional paramagnetic CoII center. The optimal temperature for hyperpolarized (hp) 129Xe chemical exchange saturation transfer (hyper-CEST) with [ConFe4-nL6]4- capsules was found to be inversely proportional to the number of CoII centers, n, which is consistent with the Xe chemical exchange accelerating as the portals expand. The systematic study was facilitated by the tunability of the [M4L6]4- capsules, further highlighting these metal-organic systems for developing responsive sensors with highly shifted 129Xe resonances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Du
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Serge D Zemerov
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Patrick J Carroll
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Ivan J Dmochowski
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
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18
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Yuan Y, Guo Q, Zhang X, Jiang W, Ye C, Zhou X. Silica nanoparticle coated perfluorooctyl bromide for ultrasensitive MRI. J Mater Chem B 2020; 8:5014-5018. [PMID: 32301463 DOI: 10.1039/d0tb00484g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
MRI with hyperpolarized 129Xe can achieve low-concentration detection. Herein, nanoparticle-coated perfluorooctyl bromide (PFOB) was developed as a 129Xe MRI contrast agent with a moderate exchange rate, sufficient stability and feasible surface modification. The αvβ3 integrin overexpressed by non-small-cell lung cancer A549 cells was successfully detected by 129Xe MRI with high specificity through adequate surface modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaping Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy of Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences-Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Wuhan 430071, P. R. China.
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19
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Skinner JG, Ranta K, Whiting N, Coffey AM, Nikolaou P, Rosen MS, Chekmenev EY, Morris PG, Barlow MJ, Goodson BM. High Xe density, high photon flux, stopped-flow spin-exchange optical pumping: Simulations versus experiments. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2020; 312:106686. [PMID: 32006793 PMCID: PMC7436892 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2020.106686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Spin-exchange optical pumping (SEOP) can enhance the NMR sensitivity of noble gases by up to five orders of magnitude at Tesla-strength magnetic fields. SEOP-generated hyperpolarised (HP) 129Xe is a promising contrast agent for lung imaging but an ongoing barrier to widespread clinical usage has been economical production of sufficient quantities with high 129Xe polarisation. Here, the 'standard model' of SEOP, which was previously used in the optimisation of continuous-flow 129Xe polarisers, is modified for validation against two Xe-rich stopped-flow SEOP datasets. We use this model to examine ways to increase HP Xe production efficiency in stopped-flow 129Xe polarisers and provide further insight into the underlying physics of Xe-rich stopped-flow SEOP at high laser fluxes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason G Skinner
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Kaili Ranta
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Southern Illinois University Carbondale, Carbondale, IL, 62901, USA
| | - Nicholas Whiting
- Department of Physics & Astronomy and Department of Molecular & Cellular Biosciences, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA
| | - Aaron M Coffey
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science (VUIIS), Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center (VICC), Department of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | | | - Matthew S Rosen
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 13th Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Eduard Y Chekmenev
- Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskiy Prospekt 14, 119991 Moscow, Russia; Department of Chemistry, Integrative Biosciences (Ibio), Wayne State University, Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), Detroit, MI, 48202, United States
| | - Peter G Morris
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, School of Physics & Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Michael J Barlow
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Boyd M Goodson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Southern Illinois University Carbondale, Carbondale, IL, 62901, USA.
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20
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Jayapaul J, Schröder L. Probing Reversible Guest Binding with Hyperpolarized 129Xe-NMR: Characteristics and Applications for Cucurbit[ n]urils. Molecules 2020; 25:E957. [PMID: 32093412 PMCID: PMC7070628 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25040957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cucurbit[n]urils (CB[n]s) are a family of macrocyclic host molecules that find various applications in drug delivery, molecular switching, and dye displacement assays. The CB[n]s with n = 5-7 have also been studied with 129Xe-NMR. They bind the noble gas with a large range of exchange rates. Starting with insights from conventional direct detection of bound Xe, this review summarizes recent achievements with chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) detection of efficiently exchanging Xe in various CB[n]-based supramolecular systems. Unprecedented sensitivity has been reached by combining the CEST method with hyperpolarized Xe, the production of which is also briefly described. Applications such as displacement assays for enzyme activity detection and rotaxanes as emerging types of Xe biosensors are likewise discussed in the context of biomedical applications and pinpoint future directions for translating this field to preclinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Leif Schröder
- Molecular Imaging, Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), 13125 Berlin, Germany;
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21
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Jayapaul J, Schröder L. Nanoparticle-Based Contrast Agents for 129Xe HyperCEST NMR and MRI Applications. CONTRAST MEDIA & MOLECULAR IMAGING 2019; 2019:9498173. [PMID: 31819739 PMCID: PMC6893250 DOI: 10.1155/2019/9498173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Spin hyperpolarization techniques have enabled important advancements in preclinical and clinical MRI applications to overcome the intrinsic low sensitivity of nuclear magnetic resonance. Functionalized xenon biosensors represent one of these approaches. They combine two amplification strategies, namely, spin exchange optical pumping (SEOP) and chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST). The latter one requires host structures that reversibly bind the hyperpolarized noble gas. Different nanoparticle approaches have been implemented and have enabled molecular MRI with 129Xe at unprecedented sensitivity. This review gives an overview of the Xe biosensor concept, particularly how different nanoparticles address various critical aspects of gas binding and exchange, spectral dispersion for multiplexing, and targeted reporter delivery. As this concept is emerging into preclinical applications, comprehensive sensor design will be indispensable in translating the outstanding sensitivity potential into biomedical molecular imaging applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jabadurai Jayapaul
- Molecular Imaging, Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Leif Schröder
- Molecular Imaging, Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), 13125 Berlin, Germany
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22
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Abstract
GEST NMR provides dynamic information on host–guest systems. It allows signal amplification of low concentrated complexes, detection of intermolecular interactions and quantification of guest exchange rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liat Avram
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Weizmann Institute of Science
- 7610001 Rehovot
- Israel
| | - Amnon Bar-Shir
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Weizmann Institute of Science
- 7610001 Rehovot
- Israel
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23
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Jayapaul J, Schröder L. Complete Generation of a 129Xe Biosensor on the Solid Support by Systematic Backbone Assembly. Bioconjug Chem 2018; 29:4004-4011. [PMID: 30428668 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.8b00814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Xenon biosensors are an emerging tool for different molecular imaging approaches. For many applications, their development requires peptide synthesis steps, followed by the selective installation of a xenon host onto the peptide backbone in solution. In this study, three different strategies were attempted for generating entire Xe biosensors on the solid support. Notably, one strategy involving CryA-da was beneficial by directly integrating this host into the growing construct on a low loaded resin via modification of the administered subcomponent equivalents and by prolonging the coupling procedure. Subsequently, installation of additional amino acids or of additional labels onto the growing construct was achieved by a procedure in which an excess amine was administered to the activated CryA-da (acid) anchored onto the resin. Further, the as-generated Xe biosensor was tested for its NMR and MRI capabilities in H2O and compared to the performance of CryA-ma. Xe NMR of the biosensor indicated a clear CEST response and the Xe MR images revealed similar contrast compared to the reference host. These observations suggest that functionalizing CryA-da on both sides with multiple labels did not alter significantly its NMR capabilities. Hereby, we could show the successful and complete synthesis of a CryA-da-based xenon biosensor on the solid support without any notable side reactions and without the necessity of multiple purification steps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jabadurai Jayapaul
- Molecular Imaging, Department of Structural Biology , Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP) , Robert-Rössle-Strasse 10 , 13125 Berlin , Germany
| | - Leif Schröder
- Molecular Imaging, Department of Structural Biology , Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP) , Robert-Rössle-Strasse 10 , 13125 Berlin , Germany
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24
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Zhang H, Chen S, Yuan Y, Li Y, Jiang Z, Zhou X. 129Xe Hyper-CEST/19F MRI Multimodal Imaging System for Sensitive and Selective Tumor Cells Detection. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2018; 2:27-32. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.8b00635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huaibin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center forMagnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
- Hubei Province Engineering and Technology Research Center for Fluorinated Pharmaceuticals and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Shizhen Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center forMagnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Yaping Yuan
- State Key Laboratory for Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center forMagnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Yu Li
- Hubei Province Engineering and Technology Research Center for Fluorinated Pharmaceuticals and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - ZhongXing Jiang
- Hubei Province Engineering and Technology Research Center for Fluorinated Pharmaceuticals and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Xin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center forMagnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
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25
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Skinner JG, Menichetti L, Flori A, Dost A, Schmidt AB, Plaumann M, Gallagher FA, Hövener JB. Metabolic and Molecular Imaging with Hyperpolarised Tracers. Mol Imaging Biol 2018; 20:902-918. [PMID: 30120644 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-018-1265-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Since reaching the clinic, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has become an irreplaceable radiological tool because of the macroscopic information it provides across almost all organs and soft tissues within the human body, all without the need for ionising radiation. The sensitivity of MR, however, is too low to take full advantage of the rich chemical information contained in the MR signal. Hyperpolarisation techniques have recently emerged as methods to overcome the sensitivity limitations by enhancing the MR signal by many orders of magnitude compared to the thermal equilibrium, enabling a new class of metabolic and molecular X-nuclei based MR tracers capable of reporting on metabolic processes at the cellular level. These hyperpolarised (HP) tracers have the potential to elucidate the complex metabolic processes of many organs and pathologies, with studies so far focusing on the fields of oncology and cardiology. This review presents an overview of hyperpolarisation techniques that appear most promising for clinical use today, such as dissolution dynamic nuclear polarisation (d-DNP), parahydrogen-induced hyperpolarisation (PHIP), Brute force hyperpolarisation and spin-exchange optical pumping (SEOP), before discussing methods for tracer detection, emerging metabolic tracers and applications and progress in preclinical and clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Graham Skinner
- Department of Radiology, Medical Physics, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Luca Menichetti
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council (CNR), Pisa, Italy
- Fondazione CNR/Regione Toscana G. Monasterio, Pisa, Italy
| | - Alessandra Flori
- Fondazione CNR/Regione Toscana G. Monasterio, Pisa, Italy
- Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy
| | - Anna Dost
- Department of Radiology, Medical Physics, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Benjamin Schmidt
- Department of Radiology, Medical Physics, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Section Biomedical Imaging and MOIN CC, University Medical Center Schleswig Holstein, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Markus Plaumann
- Institute of Biometrics and Medical Informatics, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | | | - Jan-Bernd Hövener
- Section Biomedical Imaging and MOIN CC, University Medical Center Schleswig Holstein, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany.
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26
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Kunth M, Lu GJ, Witte C, Shapiro MG, Schröder L. Protein Nanostructures Produce Self-Adjusting Hyperpolarized Magnetic Resonance Imaging Contrast through Physical Gas Partitioning. ACS NANO 2018; 12:10939-10948. [PMID: 30204404 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b04222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Signal amplification strategies are critical for overcoming the intrinsically poor sensitivity of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) reporters in noninvasive molecular detection. A mechanism widely used for signal enhancement is chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) of nuclei between a dilute sensing pool and an abundant detection pool. However, the dependence of CEST amplification on the relative size of these spin pools confounds quantitative molecular detection with a larger detection pool typically making saturation transfer less efficient. Here we show that a recently discovered class of genetically encoded nanoscale reporters for 129Xe magnetic resonance overcomes this fundamental limitation through an elastic binding capacity for NMR-active nuclei. This approach pairs high signal amplification from hyperpolarized spins with ideal, self-adjusting saturation transfer behavior as the overall spin ensemble changes in size. These reporters are based on gas vesicles, i.e., microbe-derived, gas-filled protein nanostructures. We show that the xenon fraction that partitions into gas vesicles follows the ideal gas law, allowing the signal transfer under hyperpolarized xenon chemical exchange saturation transfer (Hyper-CEST) imaging to scale linearly with the total xenon ensemble. This conceptually distinct elastic response allows the production of quantitative signal contrast that is robust to variability in the concentration of xenon, enabling virtually unlimited improvement in absolute contrast with increased xenon delivery, and establishing a unique principle of operation for contrast agent development in emerging biochemical and in vivo applications of hyperpolarized NMR and magnetic resonance imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Kunth
- California Institute of Technology , Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Pasadena , California 91125 , United States
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmarkologie (FMP) , 13125 Berlin , Germany
| | - George J Lu
- California Institute of Technology , Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Pasadena , California 91125 , United States
| | - Christopher Witte
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmarkologie (FMP) , 13125 Berlin , Germany
| | - Mikhail G Shapiro
- California Institute of Technology , Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Pasadena , California 91125 , United States
| | - Leif Schröder
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmarkologie (FMP) , 13125 Berlin , Germany
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27
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Riggle BA, Greenberg ML, Wang Y, Wissner RF, Zemerov SD, Petersson EJ, Dmochowski IJ. A cryptophane-based "turn-on" 129Xe NMR biosensor for monitoring calmodulin. Org Biomol Chem 2017; 15:8883-8887. [PMID: 29058007 PMCID: PMC5681859 DOI: 10.1039/c7ob02391j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
We present the first cryptophane-based "turn-on" 129Xe NMR biosensor, employing a peptide-functionalized cryptophane to monitor the activation of calmodulin (CaM) protein in solution. In the absence of CaM binding, interaction between the peptide and cryptophane completely suppresses the hyperpolarized 129Xe-cryptophane NMR signal. Biosensor binding to Ca2+-activated CaM produces the expected 129Xe-cryptophane NMR signal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany A Riggle
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, USA.
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28
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Adamson EB, Ludwig KD, Mummy DG, Fain SB. Magnetic resonance imaging with hyperpolarized agents: methods and applications. Phys Med Biol 2017; 62:R81-R123. [PMID: 28384123 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/aa6be8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In the past decade, hyperpolarized (HP) contrast agents have been under active development for MRI applications to address the twin challenges of functional and quantitative imaging. Both HP helium (3He) and xenon (129Xe) gases have reached the stage where they are under study in clinical research. HP 129Xe, in particular, is poised for larger scale clinical research to investigate asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and fibrotic lung diseases. With advances in polarizer technology and unique capabilities for imaging of 129Xe gas exchange into lung tissue and blood, HP 129Xe MRI is attracting new attention. In parallel, HP 13C and 15N MRI methods have steadily advanced in a wide range of pre-clinical research applications for imaging metabolism in various cancers and cardiac disease. The HP [1-13C] pyruvate MRI technique, in particular, has undergone phase I trials in prostate cancer and is poised for investigational new drug trials at multiple institutions in cancer and cardiac applications. This review treats the methodology behind both HP gases and HP 13C and 15N liquid state agents. Gas and liquid phase HP agents share similar technologies for achieving non-equilibrium polarization outside the field of the MRI scanner, strategies for image data acquisition, and translational challenges in moving from pre-clinical to clinical research. To cover the wide array of methods and applications, this review is organized by numerical section into (1) a brief introduction, (2) the physical and biological properties of the most common polarized agents with a brief summary of applications and methods of polarization, (3) methods for image acquisition and reconstruction specific to improving data acquisition efficiency for HP MRI, (4) the main physical properties that enable unique measures of physiology or metabolic pathways, followed by a more detailed review of the literature describing the use of HP agents to study: (5) metabolic pathways in cancer and cardiac disease and (6) lung function in both pre-clinical and clinical research studies, concluding with (7) some future directions and challenges, and (8) an overall summary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin B Adamson
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States of America
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29
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Zeng Q, Guo Q, Yuan Y, Yang Y, Zhang B, Ren L, Zhang X, Luo Q, Liu M, Bouchard LS, Zhou X. Mitochondria Targeted and Intracellular Biothiol Triggered Hyperpolarized 129Xe Magnetofluorescent Biosensor. Anal Chem 2017; 89:2288-2295. [PMID: 28192930 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b03742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Biothiols such as gluthathione (GSH), cysteine (Cys), homocysteine (Hcy), and thioredoxin (Trx) play vital roles in cellular metabolism. Various diseases are associated with abnormal cellular biothiol levels. Thus, the intracellular detection of biothiol levels could be a useful diagnostic tool. A number of methods have been developed to detect intracellular thiols, but sensitivity and specificity problems have limited their applications. To address these limitations, we have designed a new biosensor based on hyperpolarized xenon magnetic resonance detection, which can be used to detect biothiol levels noninvasively. The biosensor is a multimodal probe that incorporates a cryptophane-A cage as 129Xe NMR reporter, a naphthalimide moiety as fluorescence reporter, a disulfide bond as thiol-specific cleavable group, and a triphenylphosphonium moiety as mitochondria targeting unit. When the biosensor interacts with biothiols, disulfide bond cleavage leads to enhancements in the fluorescence intensity and changes in the 129Xe chemical shift. Using Hyper-CEST (chemical exchange saturation transfer) NMR, our biosensor shows a low detection limit at picomolar (10-10 M) concentration, which makes a promise to detect thiols in cells. The biosensor can detect biothiol effectively in live cells and shows good targeting ability to the mitochondria. This new approach not only offers a practical technique to detect thiols in live cells, but may also present an excellent in vivo test platform for xenon biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingbin Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Wuhan 430071, People's Republic of China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Qianni Guo
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Wuhan 430071, People's Republic of China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaping Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Wuhan 430071, People's Republic of China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuqi Yang
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Wuhan 430071, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Wuhan 430071, People's Republic of China
| | - Lili Ren
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Wuhan 430071, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxiao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Wuhan 430071, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Luo
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Wuhan 430071, People's Republic of China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Maili Liu
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Wuhan 430071, People's Republic of China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Louis-S Bouchard
- California Nano Systems Institute, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Molecular Biology Institute, Departments of Chemistry and Biochemistry and of Bioengineering, University of California , Los Angeles California 90095, United States
| | - Xin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Wuhan 430071, People's Republic of China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
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30
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Barskiy DA, Coffey AM, Nikolaou P, Mikhaylov DM, Goodson BM, Branca RT, Lu GJ, Shapiro MG, Telkki VV, Zhivonitko VV, Koptyug IV, Salnikov OG, Kovtunov KV, Bukhtiyarov VI, Rosen MS, Barlow MJ, Safavi S, Hall IP, Schröder L, Chekmenev EY. NMR Hyperpolarization Techniques of Gases. Chemistry 2017; 23:725-751. [PMID: 27711999 PMCID: PMC5462469 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201603884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear spin polarization can be significantly increased through the process of hyperpolarization, leading to an increase in the sensitivity of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) experiments by 4-8 orders of magnitude. Hyperpolarized gases, unlike liquids and solids, can often be readily separated and purified from the compounds used to mediate the hyperpolarization processes. These pure hyperpolarized gases enabled many novel MRI applications including the visualization of void spaces, imaging of lung function, and remote detection. Additionally, hyperpolarized gases can be dissolved in liquids and can be used as sensitive molecular probes and reporters. This Minireview covers the fundamentals of the preparation of hyperpolarized gases and focuses on selected applications of interest to biomedicine and materials science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danila A Barskiy
- Department of Radiology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Physics, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center (VICC), Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science (VUIIS), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Aaron M Coffey
- Department of Radiology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Physics, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center (VICC), Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science (VUIIS), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Panayiotis Nikolaou
- Department of Radiology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Physics, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center (VICC), Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science (VUIIS), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | | | - Boyd M Goodson
- Southern Illinois University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Materials Technology Center, Carbondale, IL, 62901, USA
| | - Rosa T Branca
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Biomedical Research Imaging Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - George J Lu
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | - Mikhail G Shapiro
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | | | - Vladimir V Zhivonitko
- International Tomography Center SB RAS, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova St. 2, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Igor V Koptyug
- International Tomography Center SB RAS, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova St. 2, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Oleg G Salnikov
- International Tomography Center SB RAS, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova St. 2, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Kirill V Kovtunov
- International Tomography Center SB RAS, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova St. 2, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Valerii I Bukhtiyarov
- Boreskov Institute of Catalysis SB RAS, 5 Acad. Lavrentiev Pr., 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Matthew S Rosen
- MGH/A.A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Boston, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Michael J Barlow
- Respiratory Medicine Department, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham Medical School, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Shahideh Safavi
- Respiratory Medicine Department, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham Medical School, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Ian P Hall
- Respiratory Medicine Department, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham Medical School, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Leif Schröder
- Molecular Imaging, Department of Structural Biology, Leibniz-Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), 13125, Berlin, Germany
| | - Eduard Y Chekmenev
- Department of Radiology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Physics, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center (VICC), Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science (VUIIS), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
- Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991, Moscow, Russia
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31
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Mari E, Berthault P. 129Xe NMR-based sensors: biological applications and recent methods. Analyst 2017; 142:3298-3308. [DOI: 10.1039/c7an01088e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Molecular systems that target analytes of interest and host spin-hyperpolarized xenon lead to powerful 129Xe NMR-based sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Mari
- NIMBE
- CEA
- CNRS
- Université de Paris Saclay
- CEA Saclay
| | - P. Berthault
- NIMBE
- CEA
- CNRS
- Université de Paris Saclay
- CEA Saclay
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32
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Abstract
![]()
Molecular imaging holds considerable promise for elucidating biological
processes in normal physiology as well as disease states, by determining
the location and relative concentration of specific molecules of interest.
Proton-based magnetic resonance imaging (1H MRI) is nonionizing
and provides good spatial resolution for clinical imaging but lacks
sensitivity for imaging low-abundance (i.e., submicromolar) molecular
markers of disease or environments with low proton densities. To address
these limitations, hyperpolarized (hp) 129Xe NMR spectroscopy
and MRI have emerged as attractive complementary methodologies. Hyperpolarized
xenon is nontoxic and can be readily delivered to patients via inhalation
or injection, and improved xenon hyperpolarization technology makes
it feasible to image the lungs and brain for clinical applications. In order to target hp 129Xe to biomolecular targets
of interest, the concept of “xenon biosensing” was first
proposed by a Berkeley team in 2001. The development of xenon biosensors
has since focused on modifying organic host molecules (e.g., cryptophanes)
via diverse conjugation chemistries and has brought about numerous
sensing applications including the detection of peptides, proteins,
oligonucleotides, metal ions, chemical modifications, and enzyme activity.
Moreover, the large (∼300 ppm) chemical shift window for hp 129Xe bound to host molecules in water makes possible the simultaneous
identification of multiple species in solution, that is, multiplexing.
Beyond hyperpolarization, a 106-fold signal enhancement
can be achieved through a technique known as hyperpolarized 129Xe chemical exchange saturation transfer (hyper-CEST), which shows
great potential to meet the sensitivity requirement in many applications. This Account highlights an expanded palette of hyper-CEST biosensors,
which now includes cryptophane and cucurbit[6]uril (CB[6]) small-molecule
hosts, as well as genetically encoded gas vesicles and single proteins.
In 2015, we reported picomolar detection of commercially available
CB[6] via hyper-CEST. Inspired by the versatile host–guest
chemistry of CB[6], our lab and others developed “turn-on”
strategies for CB[6]-hyper-CEST biosensing, demonstrating detection
of protein analytes in complex media and specific chemical events.
CB[6] is starting to be employed for in vivo imaging
applications. We also recently determined that TEM-1 β-lactamase
can function as a single-protein reporter for hyper-CEST and observed
useful saturation contrast for β-lactamase expressed in bacterial
and mammalian cells. These newly developed small-molecule and genetically
encoded xenon biosensors offer significant potential to extend the
scope of hp 129Xe toward molecular MRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfei Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South
34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Ivan J. Dmochowski
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South
34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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33
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Jeong K, Netirojjanakul C, Munch HK, Sun J, Finbloom JA, Wemmer DE, Pines A, Francis MB. Targeted Molecular Imaging of Cancer Cells Using MS2-Based (129)Xe NMR. Bioconjug Chem 2016; 27:1796-801. [PMID: 27454679 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.6b00275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
We have synthesized targeted, selective, and highly sensitive (129)Xe NMR nanoscale biosensors using a spherical MS2 viral capsid, Cryptophane A molecules, and DNA aptamers. The biosensors showed strong binding specificity toward targeted lymphoma cells (Ramos line). Hyperpolarized (129)Xe NMR signal contrast and hyper-CEST (129)Xe MRI image contrast indicated its promise as highly sensitive hyperpolarized (129)Xe NMR nanoscale biosensor for future applications in cancer detection in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keunhong Jeong
- Department of Chemistry, University of California , Berkeley, California 94720-1460, United States.,Materials Sciences Division and §Physical Biosciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley, California 94720-1460, United States
| | - Chawita Netirojjanakul
- Department of Chemistry, University of California , Berkeley, California 94720-1460, United States.,Materials Sciences Division and §Physical Biosciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley, California 94720-1460, United States
| | - Henrik K Munch
- Department of Chemistry, University of California , Berkeley, California 94720-1460, United States.,Materials Sciences Division and §Physical Biosciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley, California 94720-1460, United States
| | - Jinny Sun
- Department of Chemistry, University of California , Berkeley, California 94720-1460, United States.,Materials Sciences Division and §Physical Biosciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley, California 94720-1460, United States
| | - Joel A Finbloom
- Department of Chemistry, University of California , Berkeley, California 94720-1460, United States.,Materials Sciences Division and §Physical Biosciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley, California 94720-1460, United States
| | - David E Wemmer
- Department of Chemistry, University of California , Berkeley, California 94720-1460, United States.,Materials Sciences Division and §Physical Biosciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley, California 94720-1460, United States
| | - Alexander Pines
- Department of Chemistry, University of California , Berkeley, California 94720-1460, United States.,Materials Sciences Division and §Physical Biosciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley, California 94720-1460, United States
| | - Matthew B Francis
- Department of Chemistry, University of California , Berkeley, California 94720-1460, United States.,Materials Sciences Division and §Physical Biosciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley, California 94720-1460, United States
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34
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Goodfellow F, Simchick GA, Mortensen LJ, Stice SL, Zhao Q. Tracking and Quantification of Magnetically Labeled Stem Cells using Magnetic Resonance Imaging. ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS 2016; 26:3899-3915. [PMID: 28751853 PMCID: PMC5526633 DOI: 10.1002/adfm.201504444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Stem cell based therapies have critical impacts on treatments and cures of diseases such as neurodegenerative or cardiovascular disease. In vivo tracking of stem cells labeled with magnetic contrast agents is of particular interest and importance as it allows for monitoring of the cells' bio-distribution, viability, and physiological responses. Herein, recent advances are introduced in tracking and quantification of super-paramagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) nanoparticles-labeled cells with magnetic resonance imaging, a noninvasive approach that can longitudinally monitor transplanted cells. This is followed by recent translational research on human stem cells that are dual-labeled with green fluorescence protein (GFP) and SPIO nanoparticles, then transplanted and tracked in a chicken embryo model. Cell labeling efficiency, viability, and cell differentiation are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gregory A Simchick
- Bioimaging Research Center, Regenerative Bioscience Center, and Department of Physics University of Georgia, Athens, GA. 30602, USA
| | | | | | - Qun Zhao
- Bioimaging Research Center, Regenerative Bioscience Center, and Department of Physics University of Georgia, Athens, GA. 30602, USA
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35
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Yuan Y, Ding Z, Qian J, Zhang J, Xu J, Dong X, Han T, Ge S, Luo Y, Wang Y, Zhong K, Liang G. Casp3/7-Instructed Intracellular Aggregation of Fe3O4 Nanoparticles Enhances T2 MR Imaging of Tumor Apoptosis. NANO LETTERS 2016; 16:2686-2691. [PMID: 27031226 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b00331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Large magnetic nanoparticles or aggregates are advantageous in their magnetic resonance properties over ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide (USPIO) nanoparticles (NPs), but the former are cleared faster from the blood pool. Therefore, the "smart" strategy of intracellular aggregation of USPIO NPs is required for enhanced T2-weighted MR imaging. Herein, employing an enzyme-instructed condensation reaction, we rationally designed a small molecule Ac-Asp-Glu-Val-Asp-Cys(StBu)-Lys-CBT (1) to covalently modify USPIO NPs to prepare monodispersive Fe3O4@1 NPs. In vitro results showed that Fe3O4@1 NPs could be subjected to caspase 3 (Casp3)-instructed aggregation. T2 phantom MR imaging showed that the transverse molar relaxivity (r2) of Fe3O4@1 NPs with Casp3 or apoptotic HepG2 cells was significantly larger than those of control groups. In vivo tumor MR imaging results indicated that Fe3O4@1 NPs could be specifically applied for enhanced T2 MR imaging of tumor apoptosis. We propose that the enzyme-instructed intracellular aggregation of Fe3O4 NPs could be a novel strategy for the design of "smart" probes for efficient T2 MR imaging of in vivo biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Yuan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China , 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Zhanling Ding
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China , 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Junchao Qian
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 350 Shushanhu Road, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China
| | - Jia Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China , 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Jinyong Xu
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 350 Shushanhu Road, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China
| | - Xuejiao Dong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China , 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Tao Han
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China , 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Shuchao Ge
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Yufeng Luo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China , 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Yuwei Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China , 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Kai Zhong
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 350 Shushanhu Road, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China
| | - Gaolin Liang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China , 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
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36
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Programming A Molecular Relay for Ultrasensitive Biodetection through 129
Xe NMR. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201508990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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37
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Wang Y, Roose BW, Philbin JP, Doman JL, Dmochowski IJ. Programming A Molecular Relay for Ultrasensitive Biodetection through (129)Xe NMR. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 55:1733-6. [PMID: 26692420 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201508990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
A supramolecular strategy for detecting specific proteins in complex media by using hyperpolarized (129) Xe NMR is reported. A cucurbit[6]uril (CB[6])-based molecular relay was programmed for three sequential equilibrium conditions by designing a two-faced guest (TFG) that initially binds CB[6] and blocks the CB[6]-Xe interaction. The protein analyte recruits the TFG and frees CB[6] for Xe binding. TFGs containing CB[6]- and carbonic anhydrase II (CAII)-binding domains were synthesized in one or two steps. X-ray crystallography confirmed TFG binding to Zn(2+) in the deep CAII active-site cleft, which precludes simultaneous CB[6] binding. The molecular relay was reprogrammed to detect avidin by using a different TFG. Finally, Xe binding by CB[6] was detected in buffer and in E. coli cultures expressing CAII through ultrasensitive (129) Xe NMR spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfei Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104-6323, USA
| | - Benjamin W Roose
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104-6323, USA
| | - John P Philbin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104-6323, USA
| | - Jordan L Doman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104-6323, USA
| | - Ivan J Dmochowski
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104-6323, USA.
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38
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Schnurr M, Sloniec-Myszk J, Döpfert J, Schröder L, Hennig A. Supramolecular Assays for Mapping Enzyme Activity by Displacement-Triggered Change in Hyperpolarized (129)Xe Magnetization Transfer NMR Spectroscopy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:13444-7. [PMID: 26426128 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201507002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Reversibly bound Xe is a sensitive NMR and MRI reporter with its resonance frequency being influenced by the chemical environment of the host. Molecular imaging of enzyme activity presents a promising approach for disease identification, but current Xe biosensing concepts are limited since substrate conversion typically has little impact on the chemical shift of Xe inside tailored cavities. Herein, we exploit the ability of the product of the enzymatic reaction to bind itself to the macrocyclic hosts CB6 and CB7 and thereby displace Xe. We demonstrate the suitability of this method to map areas of enzyme activity through changes in magnetization transfer with hyperpolarized Xe under different saturation scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Schnurr
- ERC Project BiosensorImaging, Leibniz-Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Campus BerlinBuch, Robert-Rössle-Strasse 10, 13125 Berlin (Germany)
| | - Jagoda Sloniec-Myszk
- BAM Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung, Richard-Willstätter-Strasse 11, 12489 Berlin (Germany)
| | - Jörg Döpfert
- ERC Project BiosensorImaging, Leibniz-Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Campus BerlinBuch, Robert-Rössle-Strasse 10, 13125 Berlin (Germany)
| | - Leif Schröder
- ERC Project BiosensorImaging, Leibniz-Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Campus BerlinBuch, Robert-Rössle-Strasse 10, 13125 Berlin (Germany).
| | - Andreas Hennig
- Department of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Jacobs University Bremen, Campus Ring 1, 28759 Bremen (Germany).
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39
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Schnurr M, Sloniec‐Myszk J, Döpfert J, Schröder L, Hennig A. Supramolekulare Assays zur Lokalisation von Enzymaktivität durch Verdrängungs‐induzierte Änderungen in der Magnetisierungstransfer‐NMR‐Spektroskopie mit hyperpolarisiertem
129
Xe. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201507002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Schnurr
- ERC Project BiosensorImaging, Leibniz‐Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Campus Berlin‐Buch, Robert‐Rössle‐Straße 10, 13125 Berlin (Deutschland)
| | - Jagoda Sloniec‐Myszk
- BAM Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und ‐prüfung, Richard‐Willstätter‐Straße 11, 12489 Berlin (Deutschland)
| | - Jörg Döpfert
- ERC Project BiosensorImaging, Leibniz‐Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Campus Berlin‐Buch, Robert‐Rössle‐Straße 10, 13125 Berlin (Deutschland)
| | - Leif Schröder
- ERC Project BiosensorImaging, Leibniz‐Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Campus Berlin‐Buch, Robert‐Rössle‐Straße 10, 13125 Berlin (Deutschland)
| | - Andreas Hennig
- Department of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Jacobs University Bremen, Campus Ring 1, 28759 Bremen (Deutschland)
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40
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Chapellet LL, Cochrane JR, Mari E, Boutin C, Berthault P, Brotin T. Synthesis of Cryptophanes with Two Different Reaction Sites: Chemical Platforms for Xenon Biosensing. J Org Chem 2015; 80:6143-51. [PMID: 26020365 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b00653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We report the synthesis of new water-soluble cryptophane host molecules that can be used for the preparation of (129)Xe NMR-based biosensors. We show that the cryptophane-223 skeleton can be modified to introduce a unique secondary alcohol to the propylenedioxy linker. This chemical functionality can then be exploited to introduce a functional group that is different from the six chemical groups attached to the aromatic rings. In this approach, the generation of a statistical mixture when trying to selectively functionalize a symmetrical host molecule is eliminated, which enables the efficient large-scale production of new cryptophanes that can be used as chemical platforms ready to use for the preparation of xenon biosensors. To illustrate this approach, two molecular platforms have been prepared, and the ability of these new derivatives to bind xenon has been investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laure-Lise Chapellet
- †Laboratoire de Chimie de l'ENS LYON, UMR 5182 - CNRS, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 46 Allée d'Italie, 69364 Lyon, France
| | - James R Cochrane
- †Laboratoire de Chimie de l'ENS LYON, UMR 5182 - CNRS, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 46 Allée d'Italie, 69364 Lyon, France
| | - Emilie Mari
- ‡Laboratoire Structure et Dynamique par Résonance Magnétique, CEA Saclay, IRAMIS, NIMBE UMR CEA/CNRS 3685, 91191 Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Céline Boutin
- ‡Laboratoire Structure et Dynamique par Résonance Magnétique, CEA Saclay, IRAMIS, NIMBE UMR CEA/CNRS 3685, 91191 Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Patrick Berthault
- ‡Laboratoire Structure et Dynamique par Résonance Magnétique, CEA Saclay, IRAMIS, NIMBE UMR CEA/CNRS 3685, 91191 Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Thierry Brotin
- †Laboratoire de Chimie de l'ENS LYON, UMR 5182 - CNRS, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 46 Allée d'Italie, 69364 Lyon, France
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41
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Abstract
A lack of molecular contrast agents has slowed the application of ultrasensitive hyperpolarized (129)Xe NMR methods. Here, we report that commercially available cucurbit[6]uril (CB[6]) undergoes rapid xenon exchange kinetics at 300 K, and is detectable by Hyper-CEST NMR at 1.8 pM in PBS and at 1 μM in human plasma where many molecules, including polyamines, can compete with xenon for CB[6] binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfei Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.
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42
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Yuan Y, Ge S, Sun H, Dong X, Zhao H, An L, Zhang J, Wang J, Hu B, Liang G. Intracellular Self-Assembly and Disassembly of (19)F Nanoparticles Confer Respective "Off" and "On" (19)F NMR/MRI Signals for Legumain Activity Detection in Zebrafish. ACS NANO 2015; 9:5117-5124. [PMID: 25868488 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5b00287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
(19)F MRI has higher selectivity but lower sensitivity than (1)H MRI for in vivo diagnosis. Therefore, to avoid using a high injection dose of the (19)F probe while, in the meantime, maintaining the high sensitivity of (19)F MRI has remained challenging. Local self-assembly and disassembly of (19)F nanoparticles could be one of the "smart" strategies to achieve this goal. Herein, we report a dual-functional probe 1 for glutathione (GSH)-controlled self-assembly and subsequent legumain (Lgmn)-controlled disassembly of its nanoparticles (i.e., 1-NPs). Self-assembly and disassembly of 1-NPs confer (19)F magnetic resonance (MR) signals "off" and "on", respectively. Employing this strategy, we successfully applied 1 for consecutive detections of GSH and Lgmn in vitro and in cells, imaging Lgmn activity in HEK 293T tumors in zebrafish at a low dosage under 14.1 T.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hongbin Sun
- §High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 350 Shushanhu Road, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China
| | | | - Hongxin Zhao
- §High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 350 Shushanhu Road, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China
| | | | | | - Junfeng Wang
- §High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 350 Shushanhu Road, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China
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43
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Bar-Shir A, Bulte JWM, Gilad AA. Molecular engineering of nonmetallic biosensors for CEST MRI. ACS Chem Biol 2015; 10:1160-70. [PMID: 25730583 DOI: 10.1021/cb500923v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Recent advancements in molecular and synthetic biology, combined with synthetic chemistry and biotechnology, have opened up new opportunities to engineer novel platforms that can monitor complex biological processes with various noninvasive imaging modalities. After decades of using gadolinium- or iron-based metallic sensors for MRI, the recently developed chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) contrast mechanism has created an opportunity for rational design, in silico, of nonmetallic biosensors for MRI. These biomolecules are either naturally occurring compounds (amino acids, sugars, nucleosides, native proteins) or can be artificially engineered (synthetic probes or recombinant proteins). They can be administered either as exogenous agents or can be genetically (over)expressed. Moreover, they can be precisely engineered to achieve the desired biochemical properties for fine tuning optimized imaging schemes. The availability of these agents marks the dawn of a new scientific era for molecular and cellular MRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amnon Bar-Shir
- †Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, United States
- ‡Cellular Imaging Section and Vascular Biology Program, Institute for Cell Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| | - Jeff W M Bulte
- †Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, United States
- ‡Cellular Imaging Section and Vascular Biology Program, Institute for Cell Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
- §F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
- ∥Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
- #Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, United States
| | - Assaf A Gilad
- †Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, United States
- ‡Cellular Imaging Section and Vascular Biology Program, Institute for Cell Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
- §F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
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44
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Abstract
Here we present a "smart" xenon-129 NMR biosensor that undergoes a peptide conformational change and labels cells in acidic environments. To a cryptophane host molecule with high Xe affinity, we conjugated a 30mer EALA-repeat peptide that is α-helical at pH 5.5 and disordered at pH 7.5. The (129)Xe NMR chemical shift at room temperature was strongly pH-dependent (Δδ = 3.4 ppm): δ = 64.2 ppm at pH 7.5 vs δ = 67.6 ppm at pH 5.5, where Trp(peptide)-cryptophane interactions were evidenced by Trp fluorescence quenching. Using hyper-CEST NMR, we probed peptidocryptophane detection limits at low-picomolar (10(-11) M) concentration, which compares favorably to other NMR pH reporters at 10(-2)-10(-3) M. Finally, in biosensor-HeLa cell solutions, peptide-cell membrane insertion at pH 5.5 generated a 13.4 ppm downfield cryptophane-(129)Xe NMR chemical shift relative to pH 7.5 studies. This highlights new uses for (129)Xe as an ultrasensitive probe of peptide structure and function, along with potential applications for pH-dependent cell labeling in cancer diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany A. Riggle
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34 Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Yanfei Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34 Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Ivan J. Dmochowski
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34 Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
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45
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Witte C, Martos V, Rose HM, Reinke S, Klippel S, Schröder L, Hackenberger CPR. Xenon-MRT an lebenden Zellen mit Hyper-CEST-Biosensoren für metabolisch markierte Glykane an der Zelloberfläche. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201410573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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46
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Witte C, Martos V, Rose HM, Reinke S, Klippel S, Schröder L, Hackenberger CPR. Live-cell MRI with xenon hyper-CEST biosensors targeted to metabolically labeled cell-surface glycans. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:2806-10. [PMID: 25676513 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201410573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2014] [Revised: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The targeting of metabolically labeled glycans with conventional MRI contrast agents has proved elusive. In this work, which further expands the utility of xenon Hyper-CEST biosensors in cell experiments, we present the first successful molecular imaging of such glycans using MRI. Xenon Hyper-CEST biosensors are a novel class of MRI contrast agents with very high sensitivity. We designed a multimodal biosensor for both fluorescent and xenon MRI detection that is targeted to metabolically labeled sialic acid through bioorthogonal chemistry. Through the use of a state of the art live-cell bioreactor, it was demonstrated that xenon MRI biosensors can be used to image cell-surface glycans at nanomolar concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Witte
- ERC Project Biosensor Imaging, Leibniz-Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, Berlin (Germany)
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47
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Yuan Y, Sun H, Ge S, Wang M, Zhao H, Wang L, An L, Zhang J, Zhang H, Hu B, Wang J, Liang G. Controlled intracellular self-assembly and disassembly of 19F nanoparticles for MR imaging of caspase 3/7 in zebrafish. ACS NANO 2015; 9:761-768. [PMID: 25544315 DOI: 10.1021/nn5062657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Compared to (1)H MRI, (19)F MRI provides higher selectivity but lower sensitivity. Therefore, the need to inject high doses of the (19)F probe to improve its sensitivity for in vivo diagnosis remains a challenge. A "smart" strategy is needed that could locally concentrate a low-dose (19)F probe while avoiding the fast transverse relaxation of the probes. Locally self-assembling and disassembling (19)F nanoparticles may be an optimal measure to achieve this goal. Herein, we report a dual-functional probe 1 for glutathione (GSH)-controlled self-assembly and subsequent caspase 3/7 (Casp3/7)-controlled disassembly of formed nanoparticles (i.e., 1-NPs). Consecutive assembly and disassembly of 1-NPs translate to "off" and "on" (19)F magnetic resonance (MR) signal states, respectively. Employing this smart strategy, we successfully used 1 for the consecutive detection of GSH and Casp3/7 activity in vitro and in cells and imaging Casp3/7 activity in cells and in zebrafish at low doses with a 14.1 T magnetic field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Yuan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China , 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
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