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Popescu MT, Tsitsilianis C. Gold/Pentablock Terpolymer Hybrid Multifunctional Nanocarriers for Controlled Delivery of Tamoxifen: Effect of Nanostructure on Release Kinetics. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27123764. [PMID: 35744890 PMCID: PMC9231331 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27123764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Here, we describe the preparation and characterization of organic/inorganic hybrid polymer multifunctional nanocarriers. Novel nanocomposites of gold nanoparticles using pH-responsive coordination pentablock terpolymers of poly(ε-caprolactone)-b-poly(ethylene oxide)-b-poly(2-vinylpyridine)-b-poly(ethylene oxide)-b-poly(ε-caprolactone), bearing or not bearing partially quaternized vinylpyridine moieties, were studied. The template morphology of the coordination pentablock terpolymer at physiological pH ranges from crew-cut to multicompartmentalized micelles which can be tuned by chemical modification of the central block. Additionally, the presence of 2VP groups allows the coordination of gold ions, which can be reduced in situ to construct gold@polymer nanohybrids. Furthermore, the possibility of tuning the gold distribution in the micelles, through partial quaternization of the central P2VP block, was also investigated. Various morphological gold colloidal nanoparticles such as gold@core-corona nanoparticles and gold@core-gold@corona nanoparticles were synthesized on the corresponding template of the pentablock terpolymer, first by coordination with gold ions, followed by reduction with NaBH4. The pentablock and gold@pentablock nanoparticles could sparingly accommodate a water-soluble drug, Tamoxifen (TAX), in their hydrophobic micellar cores. The nanostructure of the nanocarrier remarkably affects the TAX delivery kinetics. Importantly, the hybrid gold@polymer nanoparticles showed prolonged release profiles for the guest molecule, relative to the corresponding bare amphiphilic pentablock polymeric micelles. These Gold@pentablock terpolymer hybrid nanoparticles could act as a multifunctional theranostic nanoplatform, integrating sustainable pH-controlled drug delivery, diagnostic function and photothermal therapy.
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Hoffman AS, Stayton PS. Applications of “Smart Polymers” as Biomaterials. Biomater Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-816137-1.00016-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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3
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Synthesis of Well-Defined Gold Nanoparticles Using Pluronic: The Role of Radicals and Surfactants in Nanoparticles Formation. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:polym11101553. [PMID: 31554270 PMCID: PMC6835800 DOI: 10.3390/polym11101553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Synthesis of gold nanoparticles (GNP) by reacting chloroauric acid (HAuCl4) and Pluronic F127 was thoroughly investigated. The rate of reduction of HAuCl4 and the yield and morphology of GNP strongly depended on the concentration of the reactants and sodium chloride, as well as pH and temperature. Upon completion of the reaction heterogeneous mixtures of small GNP of defined shape and Pluronic aggregates were formed. GNP were separated from the excess of Pluronic by centrifugal filtration. Under optimized conditions the GNP were small (ca. 80 nm), uniform (PDI ~0.09), strongly negatively charged (ζ-potential −30 mV) and nearly spherical. They were stable in distilled water and phosphate-buffered saline. Purified GNP contained ~13% by weight of an organic component, yet presence of polypropylene oxide was not detected suggesting that Pluronic was not adsorbed on their surface. Analysis of the soluble products suggested that the copolymer undergoes partial degradation accompanied by cleavage of the C–O bonds and appearance of new primary hydroxyl groups. The reaction involves formation of free radicals and hydroperoxides depends on the oxygen concentration. GNP did not form at 4 °C when the micellization of Pluronic was abolished reinforcing the role of the copolymer self-assembly. In conclusion, this work provides insight into the mechanism of HAuCl4 reduction and GNP formation in the presence of Pluronic block copolymers. It is useful for improving the methods of manufacturing uniform and pure GNP that are needed as nanoscale building blocks in nanomedicine applications.
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Jauregui R, Srinivasan S, Vojtech LN, Gammill HS, Chiu DT, Hladik F, Stayton PS, Lai JJ. Temperature-Responsive Magnetic Nanoparticles for Enabling Affinity Separation of Extracellular Vesicles. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:33847-33856. [PMID: 30152229 PMCID: PMC6538933 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b09751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Small magnetic nanoparticles that have surfaces decorated with stimuli-responsive polymers can be reversibly aggregated via a stimulus, such as temperature, to enable efficient and rapid biomarker separation. To fully realize the potential of these particles, the synthesis needs to be highly reproducible and scalable to large quantity. We have developed a new synthesis for temperature-responsive magnetic nanoparticles via an in situ co-precipitation process of Fe2+/Fe3+ salts at room temperature with poly(acrylic acid)- block-poly( N-isopropylacrylamide) diblock co-polymer template, synthesized via the reversible addition-fragmentation chain-transfer polymerization method. These particles were 56% polymer by weight with a 6.5:1 Fe/COOH ratio and demonstrated remarkable stability over a 2 month period. The hydrodynamic diameter remained constant at ∼28 nm with a consistent transition temperature of 34 °C, and the magnetic particle separation efficiency at 40 °C was ≥95% over the 2 month span. These properties were maintained for all large-scale synthesis batches. To demonstrate the practical utility of the stimuli-responsive magnetic nanoparticles, the particles were incorporated into a temperature-responsive binary reagent system and efficiently separated a model protein biomarker (mouse IgG) as well as purified extracellular vesicles derived from a human biofluid, seminal plasma. The ease of using these particles will prove beneficial for various biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramon Jauregui
- Department of Bioengineering, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Selvi Srinivasan
- Department of Bioengineering, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Lucia N. Vojtech
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Hilary S. Gammill
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Daniel T. Chiu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Florian Hladik
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | | | - James J. Lai
- Department of Bioengineering, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
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Ta DT, Vanella R, Nash MA. Magnetic Separation of Elastin-like Polypeptide Receptors for Enrichment of Cellular and Molecular Targets. NANO LETTERS 2017; 17:7932-7939. [PMID: 29087202 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b04318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Protein-conjugated magnetic nanoparticles (mNPs) are promising tools for a variety of biomedical applications, from immunoassays and biosensors to theranostics and drug-delivery. In such applications, conjugation of affinity proteins (e.g., antibodies) to the nanoparticle surface many times compromises biological activity and specificity, leading to increased reagent consumption and decreased assay performance. To address this problem, we engineered a biomolecular magnetic separation system that eliminates the need to chemically modify nanoparticles with the capture biomolecules or synthetic polymers of any kind. The system consists of (i) thermoresponsive magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles displaying poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (pNIPAm), and (ii) an elastin-like polypeptide (ELP) fused with the affinity protein Cohesin (Coh). Proper design of pNIPAm-mNPs and ELP-Coh allowed for efficient cross-aggregation of the two distinct nanoparticle types under collapsing stimuli, which enabled magnetic separation of ELP-Coh aggregates bound to target Dockerin (Doc) molecules. Selective resolubilization of the ELP-Coh/Doc complexes was achieved under intermediate conditions under which only the pNIPAm-mNPs remained aggregated. We show that ELP-Coh is capable of magnetically separating and purifying nanomolar quantities of Doc as well as eukaryotic whole cells displaying the complementary Doc domain from diluted human plasma. This modular system provides magnetic enrichment and purification of captured molecular targets and eliminates the requirement of biofunctionalization of magnetic nanoparticles to achieve bioseparations. Our streamlined and simplified approach is amenable for point-of-use applications and brings the advantages of ELP-fusion proteins to the realm of magnetic particle separation systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duy Tien Ta
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel , 4058 Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH Zurich) , 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Rosario Vanella
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel , 4058 Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH Zurich) , 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Michael A Nash
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel , 4058 Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH Zurich) , 4058 Basel, Switzerland
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6
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Vegerhof A, Motei M, Rudinzky A, Malka D, Popovtzer R, Zalevsky Z. Thermal therapy with magnetic nanoparticles for cell destruction. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2016; 7:4581-4594. [PMID: 27895997 PMCID: PMC5119597 DOI: 10.1364/boe.7.004581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Revised: 09/25/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In this article we suggest a new concept for cell destruction based upon manipulating magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) by applying external, low frequency alternating magnetic field (AMF) that oscillates the particles, together with focused laser illumination. Assessment of temperature profiles in a head and neck squamous cell carcinoma sample showed that cells with MNPs, treated with AMF (3 Hz, 300 mW) and laser irradiation (30 mW), reached 42°C after 4.5 min, as opposed to cells treated with laser but without AMF. Moreover, a theoretical model was developed to assess the overall theoretical temperature rise, which was shown to be 50% lower than the experimental temperature. Furthermore, we found that the combination of laser irradiation and AMF decreased the number of live cells by ~50%. Thus, the concentrated assembly of laser heating with AMF-induced MNP oscillations leads to more rapid and efficient cell death. These results suggest that the manipulated MNP technique can serve as a superior agent for PTT, with improved cell death capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adi Vegerhof
- Faculty of Engineering & the Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Menachem Motei
- Faculty of Engineering & the Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Arkady Rudinzky
- Faculty of Engineering & the Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Dror Malka
- Faculty of Engineering Holon Institute of Technology, Holon, Israel
| | - Rachela Popovtzer
- Faculty of Engineering & the Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Zeev Zalevsky
- Faculty of Engineering & the Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
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Zheng X, Yan B, Wu F, Zhang J, Qu S, Zhou S, Weng J. Supercooling Self-Assembly of Magnetic Shelled Core/Shell Supraparticles. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:23969-23977. [PMID: 27537195 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b07963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Molecular self-assembly has emerged as a powerful technique for controlling the structure and properties of core/shell structured supraparticles. However, drug-loading capacities and therapeutic effects of self-assembled magnetic core/shell nanocarriers with magnetic nanoparticles in the core are limited by the intervention of the outer organic or inorganic shell, the aggregation of superparamagnetic nanoparticles, the narrowed inner cavity, etc. Here, we present a self-assembly approach based on rebalancing hydrogen bonds between components under a supercooling process to form a new core/shell nanoscale supraparticle with magnetic nanoparticles as the shell and a polysaccharide as a core. Compared with conventional iron oxide nanoparticles, this magnetic shelled core/shell nanoparticle possesses an optimized inner cavity and a loss-free outer magnetic property. Furthermore, we find that the drug-loaded magnetic shelled nanocarriers showed interesting in vitro release behaviors at different pH conditions, including "swelling-broken", "dissociating-broken", and "bursting-broken" modes. Our experiments demonstrate the novel design of the multifunctional hybrid nanostructure and provide a considerable potential for the biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotong Zheng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, Southwest Jiaotong University , Chengdu, 610031, P. R. China
| | - Bingyun Yan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, Southwest Jiaotong University , Chengdu, 610031, P. R. China
| | - Fengluan Wu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, Southwest Jiaotong University , Chengdu, 610031, P. R. China
| | - Jinlong Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, Southwest Jiaotong University , Chengdu, 610031, P. R. China
| | - Shuxin Qu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, Southwest Jiaotong University , Chengdu, 610031, P. R. China
| | - Shaobing Zhou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, Southwest Jiaotong University , Chengdu, 610031, P. R. China
| | - Jie Weng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, Southwest Jiaotong University , Chengdu, 610031, P. R. China
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8
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Photothermo-chemotherapy of cancer employing drug leakage-free gold nanoshells. Biomaterials 2016; 78:40-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2015.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2015] [Revised: 11/11/2015] [Accepted: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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9
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Vivek B, Prasad E. Reusable Self-Healing Hydrogels Realized via in Situ Polymerization. J Phys Chem B 2015; 119:4881-7. [DOI: 10.1021/jp511781e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Balachandran Vivek
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras (IIT M), Chennai 600 036, India
| | - Edamana Prasad
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras (IIT M), Chennai 600 036, India
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10
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Dai J, Li Q, Liu W, Lin S, Hao Y, Zhang C, Shuai X. Synthesis and characterization of cell-microenvironment-sensitive leakage-free gold-shell nanoparticles with the template of interlayer-crosslinked micelles. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:9682-5. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cc02556g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Novel pH-GSNPs exhibit drug leakage-free behavior in a physiological environment, while achieving rapid drug release and remarkable nanogold interlayer aggregation in the intracellular microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Dai
- School of Engineering
- Sun Yat-sen University
- Guangzhou 510006
- P. R. China
| | - Qianqian Li
- School of Engineering
- Sun Yat-sen University
- Guangzhou 510006
- P. R. China
| | - Wenya Liu
- School of Engineering
- Sun Yat-sen University
- Guangzhou 510006
- P. R. China
| | - Shudong Lin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Sun Yat-sen University
- Guangzhou 510006
- P. R. China
| | - Yaoyao Hao
- School of Engineering
- Sun Yat-sen University
- Guangzhou 510006
- P. R. China
| | - Chao Zhang
- School of Engineering
- Sun Yat-sen University
- Guangzhou 510006
- P. R. China
| | - Xintao Shuai
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Sun Yat-sen University
- Guangzhou 510006
- P. R. China
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11
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Lai JJ, Stayton PS. Improving lateral-flow immunoassay (LFIA) diagnostics via biomarker enrichment for mHealth. Methods Mol Biol 2015; 1256:71-84. [PMID: 25626532 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-2172-0_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Optical detection technologies based on mobile devices can be utilized to enable many mHealth applications, including a reader for lateral-flow immunoassay (LFIA). However, an intrinsic challenge associated with LFIA for clinical diagnostics is the limitation in sensitivity. Therefore, rapid and simple specimen processing strategies can directly enable more sensitive LFIA by purifying and concentrating biomarkers. Here, a binary reagent system is presented for concentrating analytes from a larger volume specimen to improve the malaria LFIA's limit of detection (LOD). The biomarker enrichment process utilizes temperature-responsive gold-streptavidin conjugates, biotinylated antibodies, and temperature-responsive magnetic nanoparticles. The temperature-responsive gold colloids were synthesized by modifying the citrate-stabilized gold colloids with a diblock copolymer, containing a thermally responsive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (pNIPAAm) segment and a gold-binding block composed of NIPAAm-co-N,N-dimethylaminoethylacrylamide. The gold-streptavidin conjugates were synthesized by conjugating temperature-responsive gold colloids with streptavidin via covalent linkages using carbodiimide chemistry chemistry. The gold conjugates formed half-sandwiches, gold labeled biomarker, by complexing with biotinylated antibodies that were bound to Plasmodium falciparum histidine-rich protein 2 (PfHRP2), a malaria antigen. When a thermal stimulus was applied in conjunction with a magnetic field, the half-sandwiches and temperature-responsive magnetic nanoparticles that were both decorated with pNIPAAm formed large aggregates that were efficiently magnetically separated from human plasma. The binary reagent system was applied to a large volume (500 μL) specimen for concentrating biomarker 50-fold into a small volume and applied directly to an off-the-shelf malaria LFIA to improve the signal-to-noise ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- James J Lai
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
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12
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Bleach R, Karagoz B, Prakash SM, Davis TP, Boyer C. In Situ Formation of Polymer-Gold Composite Nanoparticles with Tunable Morphologies. ACS Macro Lett 2014; 3:591-596. [PMID: 35590753 DOI: 10.1021/mz500195u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
A simple and efficient route to gold-polymer nanoparticle composites is described. Our versatile synthetic route exerts facile control over polymer nanoparticle morphology, including micelles, rod-like structures, and vesicles, all easily attainable from a single polymerization taken to different monomer conversions. Specifically, poly[oligo(ethylene glycol) methacrylate]-b-poly(dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate)-b-poly(styrene) (POEGMA-b-PDMAEMA-b-PST) triblock copolymers were synthesized using a polymerization induced self-assembly (PISA) approach. Subsequently, spherical gold nanoparticles (10 nm AuNPs) were formed at the hydrophilic-hydrophobic nexus of the assembled triblock copolymer nanoaggregates by the addition of chloroauric acid (HAuCl4) followed by in situ reduction using NaBH4. After reduction, the cloudy white nanoparticle dispersions turned to a red-purple color. The gold nanoparticles that formed were stabilized by the enveloping polymeric nanostructures, neither precipitation nor agglomeration occurred. We demonstrated that we were able to tune the gold nanoparticle composition in these polymer-gold composites by varying the concentration of chloroauric acid. Morphology, particle size, molecular weight, AuNP content, and chemical structure of the polymer structures were characterized by transmittance electron microscopy (TEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), size exclusion chromatography (SEC), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), and 1H NMR. Finally, the formation of the AuNPs occurred without affecting the polymer nanoparticle morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Bleach
- Centre
for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Bunyamin Karagoz
- Centre
for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney NSW 2052, Australia
- Australian
Centre for Nanomedicine, The University of New South Wales, Sydney NSW 2052, Australia
- Istanbul Technical University Department of Chemistry, Maslak 34469 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Shyam M. Prakash
- Australian
Centre for Nanomedicine, The University of New South Wales, Sydney NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Thomas P. Davis
- ARC
Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Cyrille Boyer
- Centre
for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney NSW 2052, Australia
- Australian
Centre for Nanomedicine, The University of New South Wales, Sydney NSW 2052, Australia
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Wolff M, Braun D, Nash MA. Detection of thermoresponsive polymer phase transition in dilute low-volume format by microscale thermophoretic depletion. Anal Chem 2014; 86:6797-803. [PMID: 24820008 DOI: 10.1021/ac5008283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Environmentally responsive polymers are becoming increasingly important in the biomaterials field for use as diagnostic reagents, drug carriers, and tissue engineering scaffolds. Characterizing polymer phase transitions by cloud point curves typically requires large milliliter volumes of sample at high micromolar solution concentrations. Here we present a method based on quantification of thermophoretic Soret diffusion that allows determination of polymer phase transitions using only ~1 μL of liquid at dilute nanomolar concentrations, effectively reducing the amount of sample required by a factor of 10(6). We prepared an oligo(ethylene glycol) (OEG) methyl ether methacrylate copolymer via RAFT polymerization. End-group modification with fluorescent BODIPY-maleimide provided a dye-labeled pOEG-BODIPY conjugate with a lower critical solution temperature (LCST) in the range of ~25-35 °C. Thermophoresis measurements in dilute solution demonstrated a marked change in polymer thermodiffusion in the vicinity of the LCST. We measured the temperature dependence of thermodiffusion and transformed these data sets into sigmoidal curves characterizing the phase transition of the polymer. Finite element modeling suggested a correction to the measured values that brought the transition temperatures measured by thermophoresis into accord with the cloud point curves. Our results demonstrate that observation of polymer thermodiffusion in a low volume dilute format is a facile method for determining polymer phase transition temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Wolff
- Systems Biophysics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität , D-80799 Munich, Germany
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14
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Du P, Liu P. Novel smart yolk/shell polymer microspheres as a multiply responsive cargo delivery system. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2014; 30:3060-8. [PMID: 24571375 DOI: 10.1021/la500731v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
An effective strategy was developed to fabricate the novel dually thermo- and pH-responsive yolk/shell polymer microspheres as a drug delivery system (DDS) for the controlled release of anticancer drugs via two-stage distillation precipitation polymerization and seed precipitation polymerization. Their pH-induced thermally responsive polymer shells act as a smart "valve" to adjust the diffusion of the loaded drugs in/out of the polymer containers according to the body environments, while the movable P(MAA-co-EGDMA) cores enhance the drug loading capacity for the anticancer drug doxorubicin hydrochloride (DOX). The yolk/shell polymer microspheres show a low leakage at high pH values but significantly enhanced release at lower pH values equivalent to the tumor body fluid environments at human body temperature, exhibiting the apparent tumor-environment-responsive controlled "on-off" drug release characteristics. Meanwhile, the yolk/shell microspheres expressed very low in vitro cytotoxicity on HepG2 cells. Consequently, their precise tumor-environment-responsive drug delivery performance and high drug loading capacity offer promise for tumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengcheng Du
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University , Lanzhou 730000, China
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15
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Kurtulus I, Yilmaz G, Ucuncu M, Emrullahoglu M, Becer CR, Bulmus V. A new proton sponge polymer synthesized by RAFT polymerization for intracellular delivery of biotherapeutics. Polym Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3py01244a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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16
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17
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Taylor RA, Otanicar TP, Herukerrupu Y, Bremond F, Rosengarten G, Hawkes ER, Jiang X, Coulombe S. Feasibility of nanofluid-based optical filters. APPLIED OPTICS 2013; 52:1413-1422. [PMID: 23458793 DOI: 10.1364/ao.52.001413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2012] [Accepted: 01/21/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
In this article we report recent modeling and design work indicating that mixtures of nanoparticles in liquids can be used as an alternative to conventional optical filters. The major motivation for creating liquid optical filters is that they can be pumped in and out of a system to meet transient needs in an application. To demonstrate the versatility of this new class of filters, we present the design of nanofluids for use as long-pass, short-pass, and bandpass optical filters using a simple Monte Carlo optimization procedure. With relatively simple mixtures, we achieve filters with <15% mean-squared deviation in transmittance from conventional filters. We also discuss the current commercial feasibility of nanofluid-based optical filters by including an estimation of today's off-the-shelf cost of the materials. While the limited availability of quality commercial nanoparticles makes it hard to compete with conventional filters, new synthesis methods and economies of scale could enable nanofluid-based optical filters in the near future. As such, this study lays the groundwork for creating a new class of selective optical filters for a wide range of applications, namely communications, electronics, optical sensors, lighting, photography, medicine, and many more.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A Taylor
- University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
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19
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Stimuli-responsive polymers: biomedical applications and challenges for clinical translation. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2013; 65:10-6. [PMID: 23246762 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2012.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 466] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2012] [Revised: 10/31/2012] [Accepted: 11/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Over the past 25 years many interesting biomedical uses have been proposed for stimuli-responsive polymers, including uses in diagnostics, drug delivery, tissue engineering (regenerative medicine), and cell culture. This article briefly overviews the field of stimuli-responsive polymers and describes some of the most successful biomedical applications to date of such "smart" polymers. Other interesting potential applications are also discussed. The major barriers to future clinical translation of smart polymers are also critically discussed.
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Huang Y, He S, Cao W, Cai K, Liang XJ. Biomedical nanomaterials for imaging-guided cancer therapy. NANOSCALE 2012; 4:6135-49. [PMID: 22929990 DOI: 10.1039/c2nr31715j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
To date, even though various kinds of nanomaterials have been evaluated over the years in order to develop effective cancer therapy, there is still significant challenges in the improvement of the capabilities of nano-carriers. Developing a new theranostic nanomedicine platform for imaging-guided, visualized cancer therapy is currently a promising way to enhance therapeutic efficiency and reduce side effects. Firstly, conventional imaging technologies are reviewed with their advantages and disadvantages, respectively. Then, advanced biomedical materials for multimodal imaging are illustrated in detail, including representative examples for various dual-modalities and triple-modalities. Besides conventional cancer treatment (chemotherapy, radiotherapy), current biomaterials are also summarized for novel cancer therapy based on hyperthermia, photothermal, photodynamic effects, and clinical imaging-guided surgery. In conclusion, biomedical materials for imaging-guided therapy are becoming one of the mainstream treatments for cancer in the future. It is hoped that this review might provide new impetus to understand nanotechnology and nanomaterials employed for imaging-guided cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuran Huang
- College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, 174 Shazheng Road, Shapingba, Chongqing, China
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21
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Nash MA, Waitumbi JN, Hoffman AS, Yager P, Stayton PS. Multiplexed enrichment and detection of malarial biomarkers using a stimuli-responsive iron oxide and gold nanoparticle reagent system. ACS NANO 2012; 6:6776-85. [PMID: 22804625 PMCID: PMC4085275 DOI: 10.1021/nn3015008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
There is a need for simple yet robust biomarker and antigen purification and enrichment strategies that are compatible with current rapid diagnostic modalities. Here, a stimuli-responsive nanoparticle system is presented for multiplexed magneto-enrichment and non-instrumented lateral flow strip detection of model antigens from spiked pooled plasma. The integrated reagent system allows purification and enrichment of the gold-labeled biomarker half-sandwich that can be applied directly to lateral flow test strips. A linear diblock copolymer with a thermally responsive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (pNIPAm) segment and a gold-binding block composed of NIPAm-co-N,N-dimethylaminoethylacrylamide was prepared by reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization. The diblock copolymer was used to functionalize gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), with subsequent bioconjugation to yield thermally responsive pNIPAm-AuNPs that were co-decorated with streptavidin. These AuNPs efficiently complexed biotinylated capture antibody reagents that were bound to picomolar quantities of pan-aldolase and Plasmodium falciparum histidine-rich protein 2 (PfHRP2) in spiked pooled plasma samples. The gold-labeled biomarker half-sandwich was then purified and enriched using 10 nm thermally responsive magnetic nanoparticles that were similarly decorated with pNIPAm. When a thermal stimulus was applied in conjunction with a magnetic field, coaggregation of the AuNP half-sandwiches with the pNIPAm-coated iron oxide nanoparticles created large aggregates that were efficiently magnetophoresed and separated from bulk serum. The purified biomarkers from a spiked pooled plasma sample could be concentrated 50-fold into a small volume and applied directly to a commercial multiplexed lateral flow strip to dramatically improve the signal-to-noise ratio and test sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Nash
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
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22
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Liang X, Kozlovskaya V, Chen Y, Zavgorodnya O, Kharlampieva E. Thermosensitive multilayer hydrogels of poly(N-vinylcaprolactam) as nanothin films and shaped capsules. CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS : A PUBLICATION OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2012; 24:3707-3719. [PMID: 23087543 PMCID: PMC3472452 DOI: 10.1021/cm301657q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
We report on nanothin multilayer hydrogels of cross-linked poly(N-vinylcaprolactam) (PVCL) that exhibit distinctive and reversible thermoresponsive behavior. The single-component PVCL hydrogels were produced by selective cross-linking of PVCL in layer-by-layer films of PVCL-NH(2) copolymers assembled with poly(methacrylic acid) (PMAA) via hydrogen bonding. The degree of the PVCL hydrogel film shrinkage, defined as the ratio of wet thicknesses at 25°C to 50°C, was demonstrated to be 1.9±0.1 and 1.3±0.1 for the films made from PVCL-NH(2)-7 and PVCL-NH(2)-14 copolymers, respectively. No temperature-responsive behavior was observed for non-cross-linked two-component films due to the presence of PMAA. We also demonstrated that temperature-sensitive PVCL capsules of cubical and spherical shapes could be fabricated as hollow hydrogel replicas of inorganic templates. The cubical (PVCL)(7) capsules retained their cubical shape when temperature was elevated from 25°C to 50°C exhibiting 21±1% decrease in the capsule size. Spherical hydrogel capsules demonstrated similar shrinkage of 23±1%. The temperature-triggered capsule size changes were completely reversible. Our work opens new prospects for developing biocompatible and nanothin hydrogel-based coatings and containers for temperate-regulating drug delivery, cellular uptake, sensing, and transport behavior in microfluidic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Liang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, 35294, USA
| | - Veronika Kozlovskaya
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, 35294, USA
| | - Yi Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, 35294, USA
| | - Oleksandra Zavgorodnya
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, 35294, USA
| | - Eugenia Kharlampieva
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, 35294, USA
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23
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New pH-responsive linear and crosslinked functional copolymers of N-acryloyl-N′-phenyl piperazine with acrylic acid and hydroxyethyl methacrylate: synthesis, reactivity, and effect of steric hindrance on swelling. Polym Bull (Berl) 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-012-0770-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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24
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Dai Y, Ma P, Cheng Z, Kang X, Zhang X, Hou Z, Li C, Yang D, Zhai X, Lin J. Up-conversion cell imaging and pH-induced thermally controlled drug release from NaYF4/Yb3+/Er3+@hydrogel core-shell hybrid microspheres. ACS NANO 2012; 6:3327-3338. [PMID: 22435911 DOI: 10.1021/nn300303q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we report a new controlled release system based on up-conversion luminescent microspheres of NaYF(4):Yb(3+)/Er(3+) coated with the smart hydrogel poly[(N-isopropylacrylamide)-co-(methacrylic acid)] (P(NIPAM-co-MAA)) (prepared using 5 mol % of MAA) shell. The hybrid microspheres show bright up-conversion fluorescence under 980 nm laser excitation, and turbidity measurements show that the low critical solution temperature of the polymer shell is thermo- and pH-dependent. We have exploited the hybrid microspheres as carriers for Doxorubicin hydrochloride (DOX) due to its stimuli-responsive property as well as good biocompatibility via MTT assay. It is found that the drug release behavior is pH-triggered thermally sensitive. Changing the pH to mildly acidic condition at physiological temperature deforms the structure of the shell, causing the release of a large number of DOX from the microspheres. The drug-loaded microspheres exhibit an obvious cytotoxic effect on SKOV3 ovarian cancer cells. The endocytosis process of drug-loaded microspheres is observed using confocal laser scanning microscopy and up-conversion luminescence microscopy. Meanwhile, the as-prepared NaYF(4):Yb(3+)/Er(3+)@SiO(2)@P(NIPAM-co-MAA) microspheres can be used as a luminescent probe for cell imaging. In addition, the extent of drug release can be monitored by the change of up-conversion emission intensity. These pH-induced thermally controlled drug release systems have potential to be used for in vivo bioimaging and cancer therapy by the pH of the microenvironment changing from 7.4 (normal physiological environment) to acidic microenvironments (such as endosome and lysosome compartments) owing to endocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunlu Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
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Rao CNR, Ramakrishna Matte HSS, Voggu R, Govindaraj A. Recent progress in the synthesis of inorganic nanoparticles. Dalton Trans 2012; 41:5089-120. [PMID: 22430878 DOI: 10.1039/c2dt12266a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Nanoparticles probably constitute the largest class of nanomaterials. Nanoparticles of several inorganic materials have been prepared by employing a variety of synthetic strategies. Besides synthesizing nanoparticles, there has been considerable effort to selectively prepare nanoparticles of different shapes. In view of the great interest in inorganic nanoparticles evinced in the last few years, we have prepared this perspective on the present status of the synthesis of inorganic nanoparticles. This article includes a brief discussion of methods followed by reports on the synthesis of nanoparticles of various classes of inorganic materials such as metals, alloys, oxides chalcogenides and pnictides. A brief section on core-shell nanoparticles is also included.
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Affiliation(s)
- C N R Rao
- Chemistry and Physics of Materials Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur P. O., Bangalore 560 064, India.
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26
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Gregory A, Stenzel MH. Complex polymer architectures via RAFT polymerization: From fundamental process to extending the scope using click chemistry and nature's building blocks. Prog Polym Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2011.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 377] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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27
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Bastakoti BP, Guragain S, Yusa SI, Nakashima K. Novel synthesis route for Ag@SiO2 core–shell nanoparticles via micelle template of double hydrophilic block copolymer. RSC Adv 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ra20316b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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28
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Dai J, Lin S, Cheng D, Zou S, Shuai X. Interlayer-Crosslinked Micelle with Partially Hydrated Core Showing Reduction and pH Dual Sensitivity for Pinpointed Intracellular Drug Release. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201103806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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29
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Dai J, Lin S, Cheng D, Zou S, Shuai X. Interlayer-Crosslinked Micelle with Partially Hydrated Core Showing Reduction and pH Dual Sensitivity for Pinpointed Intracellular Drug Release. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 50:9404-8. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201103806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 348] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2011] [Revised: 07/22/2011] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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30
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Beija M, Marty JD, Destarac M. RAFT/MADIX polymers for the preparation of polymer/inorganic nanohybrids. Prog Polym Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2011.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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31
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Behrens S. Preparation of functional magnetic nanocomposites and hybrid materials: recent progress and future directions. NANOSCALE 2011; 3:877-892. [PMID: 21165500 DOI: 10.1039/c0nr00634c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this article is to provide an overview of current research activities on functional, magnetic nanocomposite materials. After a brief introduction to general strategies for the synthesis of superparamagnetic nanoparticles (NPs), different concepts and state-of-the-art solution chemical methods for their integration into various types of functional, magnetic nanocomposite materials will be reviewed. The focus is on functional materials which are based on discrete magnetic NPs, including multicomponent nanostructures, colloidal nanocrystals, matrix-dispersed composite materials and mesoscaled particles. The review further outlines the magnetic, structural, and surface properties of the materials with regard to application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silke Behrens
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Technical Chemistry, Karlsruhe, Germany.
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32
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Oh JK, Park JM. Iron oxide-based superparamagnetic polymeric nanomaterials: Design, preparation, and biomedical application. Prog Polym Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2010.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 350] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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33
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Kirsebom H, Galaev IY, Mattiasson B. Stimuli-responsive polymers in the 21st century: Elaborated architecture to achieve high sensitivity, fast response, and robust behavior. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.22187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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34
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Reichert WM, Ratner BD, Anderson J, Coury A, Hoffman AS, Laurencin CT, Tirrell D. 2010 Panel on the biomaterials grand challenges. J Biomed Mater Res A 2010; 96:275-87. [PMID: 21171147 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.32969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2010] [Accepted: 08/24/2010] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
In 2009, the National Academy for Engineering issued the Grand Challenges for Engineering in the 21st Century comprised of 14 technical challenges that must be addressed to build a healthy, profitable, sustainable, and secure global community (http://www.engineeringchallenges.org). Although crucial, none of the NEA Grand Challenges adequately addressed the challenges that face the biomaterials community. In response to the NAE Grand Challenges, Monty Reichert of Duke University organized a panel entitled Grand Challenges in Biomaterials at the at the 2010 Society for Biomaterials Annual Meeting in Seattle. Six members of the National Academies-Buddy Ratner, James Anderson, Allan Hoffman, Art Coury, Cato Laurencin, and David Tirrell-were asked to propose a grand challenge to the audience that, if met, would significantly impact the future of biomaterials and medical devices. Successfully meeting these challenges will speed the 60-plus year transition from commodity, off-the-shelf biomaterials to bioengineered chemistries, and biomaterial devices that will significantly advance our ability to address patient needs and also to create new market opportunities.
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35
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Nash MA, Yager P, Hoffman AS, Stayton PS. Mixed stimuli-responsive magnetic and gold nanoparticle system for rapid purification, enrichment, and detection of biomarkers. Bioconjug Chem 2010; 21:2197-204. [PMID: 21070026 DOI: 10.1021/bc100180q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A new diagnostic system for the enrichment and detection of protein biomarkers from human plasma is presented. Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were surface-modified with a diblock copolymer synthesized using reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization. The diblock copolymer contained a thermally responsive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (pNIPAAm) block, a cationic amine-containing block, and a semi-telechelic PEG₂-biotin end group. When a mixed suspension of 23 nm pNIPAAm-modified AuNPs was heated with pNIPAAm-coated 10 nm iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles (mNPs) in human plasma, the thermally responsive pNIPAAm directed the formation of mixed AuNP/mNP aggregates that could be separated efficiently with a magnet. Model studies showed that this mixed nanoparticle system could efficiently purify and strongly enrich the model biomarker protein streptavidin in spiked human plasma. A 10 ng/mL streptavidin sample was mixed with the biotinylated pNIPAAm-modified AuNPs and magnetically separated in the mixed nanoparticle system with pNIPAAm mNPs. The aggregates were concentrated into a 50-fold smaller fluid volume at room temperature where the gold nanoparticle reagent redissolved with the streptavidin target still bound. The concentrated gold-labeled streptavidin could be subsequently analyzed directly using lateral flow immunochromatography. This rapid capture and enrichment module thus utilizes the mixed stimuli-responsive nanoparticle system to achieve concentration of a gold-labeled biomarker that can be directly analyzed using lateral flow or other rapid diagnostic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Nash
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
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36
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Halas NJ. Plasmonics: an emerging field fostered by Nano Letters. NANO LETTERS 2010; 10:3816-22. [PMID: 20853888 DOI: 10.1021/nl1032342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
While studies of surface plasmons on metals have been pursued for decades, the more recent appearance of nanoscience has created a revolution in this field with "Plasmonics" emerging as a major area of research. The direct optical excitation of surface plasmons on metallic nanostructures provides numerous ways to control and manipulate light at nanoscale dimensions. This has stimulated the development of novel optical materials, deeper theoretical insight, innovative new devices, and applications with potential for significant technological and societal impact. Nano Letters has been instrumental in the emergence of plasmonics, providing its readership with rapid advances in this dynamic field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi J Halas
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005-1892, USA.
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37
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Nash MA, Hoffman JM, Stevens DY, Hoffman AS, Stayton PS, Yager P. Laboratory-scale protein striping system for patterning biomolecules onto paper-based immunochromatographic test strips. LAB ON A CHIP 2010; 10:2279-82. [PMID: 20607151 PMCID: PMC3100345 DOI: 10.1039/c004991c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
A method for patterning narrow lines of biomolecules onto nitrocellulose membranes using laboratory syringe pumps is described. One syringe pump is used to drive the biomolecule solution through a needle, while another modified syringe pump acts as a one-dimensional translation stage, moving the needle across the membrane much like a pen. This method consumes very small volumes of reagents, and is a viable option for laboratory-scale fabrication and prototyping of point-of-care rapid diagnostic test strips.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Nash
- University of Washington, Department of Bioengineering, Box 355061, 3720 15th Ave NE, Seattle, WA 98195-5061, USA.
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38
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Kirkland-York S, Zhang Y, Smith AE, York AW, Huang F, McCormick CL. Tailored design of Au nanoparticle-siRNA carriers utilizing reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymers. Biomacromolecules 2010; 11:1052-9. [PMID: 20337403 DOI: 10.1021/bm100020x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The facile synthesis of polymer-stabilized Au nanoparticles (AuNPs) capable of forming neutral, sterically stable complexes with small interfering RNA (siRNA) is reported. The amine-containing cationic block of poly(N-2-hydroxypropyl methacrylamide(70)-block-N-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl] methacrylamide(24)) [P(HPMA(70)-b-DMAPMA(24))] was utilized to promote the in situ reduction of Au(3+) to AuNPs and subsequently bind small interfering RNA, while the nonimmunogenic, hydrophilic block provided steric stabilization. The ratio of [DMAPMA](0)/[Au(3+)](0) utilized in the reduction reaction was found to be critical to the production of polymer-stabilized AuNPs capable of complexing siRNA. Significant protection ( approximately 100 times) against nucleases was demonstrated by enzymatic tests, while gene down-regulation experiments indicated successful delivery of siRNA to cancerous cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacey Kirkland-York
- Departments of Polymer Science and Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406, USA
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39
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Quan CY, Chen JX, Wang HY, Li C, Chang C, Zhang XZ, Zhuo RX. Core-shell nanosized assemblies mediated by the alpha-beta cyclodextrin dimer with a tumor-triggered targeting property. ACS NANO 2010; 4:4211-4219. [PMID: 20521828 DOI: 10.1021/nn100534q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, the alpha-beta cyclodextrin dimer is designed via "click" chemistry to connect the hydrophilic and hydrophobic segments to form self-assembled noncovalently connected micelles (NCCMs) through host-guest interactions. A peptide containing the Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) sequence was introduced to NCCMs as a target ligand to improve the cell uptake efficacy, while PEGylated technology was employed via benzoic-imine bonds to protect the ligands in normal tissues and body fluid. In addition, two fluorescent dyes were conjugated to different segments to track the formation of the micelles as well as the assemblies. It was found that the targeting property of NCCMs was switched off before reaching the tumor sites and switched on after removing the poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) segment in the tumor sites, which was called "tumor-triggered targeting". With deshielding of the PEG segment, the drugs loaded in NCCMs could be released rapidly due to the thermoinduced phase transition. The new concept of "tumor-triggered targeting" proposed here has great potential for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Yun Quan
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education and Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
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40
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Kang H, Zhu Y, Yang X, Shen J, Chen C, Li C. Gold/mesoporous silica-fiber core-shell hybrid nanostructure: a potential electron transfer mediator in a bio-electrochemical system. NEW J CHEM 2010. [DOI: 10.1039/c0nj00094a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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