1
|
Zhang N, Yu L, Zhang NN, Liu K, Lu ZY. Programmable Colloids with Analogous Hypercoordination Complex Architectures. J Phys Chem Lett 2024:5159-5164. [PMID: 38713012 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.4c01009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Colloidal molecule clusters (CMCs) are promising building blocks with molecule-like symmetry, offering exceptional synergistic properties for applications in plasmonics and catalysis. Traditional CMC fabrication has been limited to simple molecule-like structures utilizing isotropic particles. Here, we employ molecular dynamics simulation to investigate the co-assembly of anisotropic nanorods (NRs) and the stimulus-responsive polymer (SRP) via reversible adsorption. The results of the simulation show that it is possible to fabricate hypercoordination complex structures with high symmetry from the co-assembly of NRs and the SRP, even in analogy to the Th(BH4)4 structure. The coordination number of these CMCs can be precisely programmed by adjusting the shape and size of the ends of the NRs and the SRP cohesion energy. Furthermore, a finite-difference time-domain simulation indicates these hypercoordination structures exhibit significantly enhanced optical activity and plasmonic coupling effects. These findings introduce a new design approach for complex molecule-like structures utilizing anisotropic nanoparticles and may expand the applications of CMCs in photonics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Niboqia Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, China
| | - Linxiuzi Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, China
| | - Ning-Ning Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, China
| | - Kun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, China
| | - Zhong-Yuan Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kong W, Neuman A, Zhang AC, Lee D, Riggleman RA, Composto RJ. Capillary filling dynamics of polymer melts in a bicontinuous nanoporous scaffold. J Chem Phys 2024; 160:044904. [PMID: 38270239 DOI: 10.1063/5.0184427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Polymer infiltrated nanoporous gold is prepared by infiltrating polymer melts into a bicontinuous, nanoporous gold (NPG) scaffold. Polystyrene (PS) films with molecular weights (Mw) from 424 to 1133 kDa are infiltrated into a NPG scaffold (∼120 nm), with a pore radius (Rp) and pore volume fraction of 37.5 nm and 50%, respectively. The confinement ratios (Γ=RgRp) range from 0.47 to 0.77, suggesting that the polymers inside the pores are moderately confined. The time for PS to achieve 80% infiltration (τ80%) is determined using in situ spectroscopic ellipsometry at 150 °C. The kinetics of infiltration scales weaker with Mw, τ80%∝Mw1.30±0.20, than expected from bulk viscosity Mw3.4. Furthermore, the effective viscosity of the PS melt inside NPG, inferred from the Lucas-Washburn model, is reduced by more than one order of magnitude compared to the bulk. Molecular dynamics simulation results are in good agreement with experiments predicting scaling as Mw1.4. The reduced dependence of Mw and the enhanced kinetics of infiltration are attributed to a reduction in chain entanglement density during infiltration and a reduction in polymer-wall friction with increasing polymer molecular weight. Compared to the traditional approach involving adding discrete particles into the polymer matrix, these studies show that nanocomposites with higher loading can be readily prepared, and that kinetics of infiltration are faster due to polymer confinement inside pores. These films have potential as actuators when filled with stimuli-responsive polymers as well as polymer electrolyte and fuel cell membranes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Kong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Anastasia Neuman
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Aria C Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Daeyeon Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Robert A Riggleman
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Russell J Composto
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhang H, Pan Y, Li Y, Tang C, Xu Z, Li C, Xu F, Mai Y. Hybrid Polymer Vesicles: Controllable Preparation and Potential Applications. Biomacromolecules 2023; 24:3929-3953. [PMID: 37579246 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.3c00499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
Hybrid polymer vesicles contain functional nanoparticles (NPs) in their walls, interfaces, coronae, or cavities. NPs render the hybrid vesicles with specific physical properties, while polymers endow them with structural stability and may significantly reduce the high toxicity of NPs. Therefore, hybrid vesicles integrate fascinating multifunctions from both NPs and polymeric vesicles, which have gained tremendous attention because of their diverse promising applications. Various types of delicate hybrid polymeric vesicles with size control and tunable localization of NPs in different parts of vesicles have been constructed via in situ and ex situ strategies, respectively. Their potential applications have been widely explored, as well. This review presents the progress of block copolymer (BCP) vesicle systems containing different types of NPs including metal NPs, magnetic NPs, and semiconducting quantum dots (QDs), etc. The strategies for controlling the location of NPs within hybrid vesicles are discussed. Typical potential applications of the elegant hybrid vesicles are also highlighted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Han Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yi Pan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yinghua Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Chen Tang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Zhi Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Chen Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Fugui Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yiyong Mai
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Assembly of Semiconductor Nanorods into Circular Arrangements Mediated by Block Copolymer Micelles. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15082949. [PMID: 35454639 PMCID: PMC9028013 DOI: 10.3390/ma15082949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The collective properties of ordered ensembles of anisotropically shaped nanoparticles depend on the morphology of organization. Here, we describe the utilization of block copolymer micelles to bias the natural packing tendency of semiconductor nanorods and organize them into circularly arranged superstructures. These structures are formed as a result of competition between the segregation tendency of the nanorods in solution and in the polymer melt; when the nanorods are highly compatible with the solvent but prefer to segregate in the melt to the core-forming block, they migrate during annealing toward the core–corona interface, and their superstructure is, thus, templated by the shape of the micelle. The nanorods, in turn, exhibit surfactant-like behavior and protect the micelles from coalescence during annealing. Lastly, the influence of the attributes of the micelles on nanorod organization is also studied. The circular nanorod arrangements and the insights gained in this study add to a growing list of possibilities for organizing metal and semiconductor nanorods that can be achieved using rational design.
Collapse
|
5
|
Altorbaq AS, Krauskopf AA, Wen X, Pérez-Camargo RA, Su Y, Wang D, Müller AJ, Kumar SK. Crystallization Kinetics and Nanoparticle Ordering in Semicrystalline Polymer Nanocomposites. Prog Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2022.101527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
6
|
Zhang X, Suo H, Zhang Z, Ye S, Ma L, Liu M, Ji Y, Wang X, Wang L, Wang Q, Shaneen K. Two-dimensional X-ray diffraction characterization of the growth mechanism of double perovskite-structured nanoparticles in thin films prepared via metal-organic decomposition. CrystEngComm 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1ce01301g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT: Doping of nanoparticles is one of the effective methods in order to obtain nanocomposite thin films with significantly improved performance. The complete understanding of nucleation and growth mechanism for...
Collapse
|
7
|
Maguire SM, Bilchak CR, Corsi JS, Welborn SS, Tsaggaris T, Ford J, Detsi E, Fakhraai Z, Composto RJ. Effect of Nanoscale Confinement on Polymer-Infiltrated Scaffold Metal Composites. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:44893-44903. [PMID: 34494810 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c12491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Most research on polymer composites has focused on adding discrete inorganic nanofillers to a polymer matrix to impart properties not found in polymers alone. However, properties such as ion conductivity and mechanical reinforcement would be greatly improved if the composite exhibited an interconnected network of inorganic and polymer phases. Here, we fabricate bicontinuous polymer-infiltrated scaffold metal (PrISM) composites by infiltrating polymer into nanoporous gold (NPG) films. Polystyrene (PS) and poly(2-vinylpyridine) (P2VP) films are infiltrated into the ∼43 nm diameter NPG pores via capillary forces during thermal annealing above the polymer glass transition temperature (Tg). The infiltration process is characterized in situ using spectroscopic ellipsometry. PS and P2VP, which have different affinities for the metal scaffold, exhibit slower segmental dynamics compared to their bulk counterparts when confined within the nanopores, as measured through Tg. The more attractive P2VP shows a 20 °C increase in Tg relative to its bulk, while PS only shows a 6 °C increase at a comparable molecular weight. The infiltrated polymer, in turn, stabilizes the gold nanopores against temporal coarsening. The broad tunability of these polymer/metal hybrids represents a unique template for designing functional network composite structures with applications ranging from flexible electronics to fuel cell membranes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shawn M Maguire
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Connor R Bilchak
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - John S Corsi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Samuel S Welborn
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Theresa Tsaggaris
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Jamie Ford
- Nanoscale Characterization Facility, Singh Center for Nanotechnology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Eric Detsi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Zahra Fakhraai
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Russell J Composto
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Stuij S, Rouwhorst J, Jonas HJ, Ruffino N, Gong Z, Sacanna S, Bolhuis PG, Schall P. Revealing Polymerization Kinetics with Colloidal Dipatch Particles. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 127:108001. [PMID: 34533362 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.108001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Limited-valency colloidal particles can self-assemble into polymeric structures analogous to molecules. While their structural equilibrium properties have attracted wide attention, insight into their dynamics has proven challenging. Here, we investigate the polymerization dynamics of semiflexible polymers in 2D by direct observation of assembling divalent particles, bonded by critical Casimir forces. The reversible critical Casimir force creates living polymerization conditions with tunable chain dissociation, association, and bending rigidity. We find that unlike dilute polymers that show exponential size distributions in excellent agreement with Flory theory, concentrated samples exhibit arrest of rotational and translational diffusion due to a continuous isotropic-to-nematic transition in 2D, slowing down the growth kinetics. These effects are circumvented by the addition of higher-valency particles, cross linking the polymers into networks. Our results connecting polymer flexibility, polymer interactions, and the peculiar isotropic-nematic transition in 2D offer insight into the polymerization processes of synthetic two-dimensional polymers and biopolymers at membranes and interfaces.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simon Stuij
- Institute of Physics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Joep Rouwhorst
- Institute of Physics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Hannah J Jonas
- van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Nicola Ruffino
- Institute of Physics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Zhe Gong
- Molecular Design Institute, Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York 10003-6688, USA
| | - Stefanno Sacanna
- Molecular Design Institute, Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York 10003-6688, USA
| | - Peter G Bolhuis
- van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Peter Schall
- Institute of Physics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Streit JK, Park K, Ku Z, Yi YJ, Vaia RA. Tuning Hierarchical Order and Plasmonic Coupling of Large-Area, Polymer-Grafted Gold Nanorod Assemblies via Flow-Coating. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:27445-27457. [PMID: 34080841 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c05262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Solution-based printing of anisotropic nanostructures is foundational to many emerging technologies, such as energy storage devices, photonic elements, and sensors. Methods to rapidly (>mm/s) manufacture large area assemblies (≫cm2) with simultaneous control of thickness (<10 nm), nanoparticle spacing (<5 nm), surface roughness (<5 nm), and global and local orientational order are still lacking. Herein, we demonstrate such capability using flow-coating to fabricate robust, self-supporting mono- and bilayer films of polystyrene-grafted gold nanorods (PS-AuNRs) onto solid substrates. The relationship among solvent evaporation, deposition speed, substrate surface energy, concentration, and film thickness for solutions of such hairy hybrid nanoparticles spans the Landau-Levich and evaporative film formation regimes. In the Landau-Levich regime, solvent evaporation rapidly concentrates the PS-AuNRs, leading to the formation of thin films with distinct, randomized side-by-side domains. Alternatively, processing at slower velocities in the evaporative regime results in the global alignment of PS-AuNRs. Processing speed and substrate surface energy afford tuning of the film's optical extinction of a given PS-AuNR via fine control of inter-rod distance and subsequent plasmonic coupling between neighboring nanorods. Because the concept of the polymer-grafted nanorod can be expanded to a variety of different polymer canopies, shapes, and core materials, the processing-structure relationships established in this work will have important implications on the future development of anisotropic nanostructure-based applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jason K Streit
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio 45433, United States
- UES, Inc., Dayton, Ohio 45431, United States
| | - Kyoungweon Park
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio 45433, United States
- UES, Inc., Dayton, Ohio 45431, United States
| | - Zahyun Ku
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio 45433, United States
| | - Yoon-Jae Yi
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio 45433, United States
- UES, Inc., Dayton, Ohio 45431, United States
| | - Richard A Vaia
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio 45433, United States
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Lin EY, Frischknecht AL, Riggleman RA. Chain and Segmental Dynamics in Polymer–Nanoparticle Composites with High Nanoparticle Loading. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c00206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emily Y. Lin
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Amalie L. Frischknecht
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, United States
| | - Robert A. Riggleman
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Xu M, Ku KH, Lee YJ, Kim T, Shin JJ, Kim EJ, Choi SH, Yun H, Kim BJ. Effect of Polymer Ligand Conformation on the Self-Assembly of Block Copolymers and Polymer-Grafted Nanoparticles within an Evaporative Emulsion. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c00370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Meng Xu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Kang Hee Ku
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Jun Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Taewan Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaeman J. Shin
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Ji Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Hyung Choi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Hongik University, Seoul 04066, Republic of Korea
| | - Hongseok Yun
- Department of Chemistry, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Bumjoon J. Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Rohleder D, Vana P. Near-Infrared-Triggered Photothermal Aggregation of Polymer-Grafted Gold Nanorods in a Simulated Blood Fluid. Biomacromolecules 2021; 22:1614-1624. [PMID: 33689319 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.1c00077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Gold nanorods were decorated with thermoresponsive copolymers of tailored architecture and constructed from N-isopropyl acrylamide and acrylamide. The copolymers were prepared via reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization (RAFT) and immobilized on the gold nanorod surface taking advantage of the aurophilicity of its inherently formed trithiocarbonate groups. The topology as well as the average molecular weight of the copolymers was altered using either a monofunctional or 3-arm star RAFT agent. Two-dimensional arrays of the self-assembled core-shell nanostructures were fabricated by drop-casting showing tunable interparticle spacings. In a simulated blood fluid, the lower critical solution temperature of the nanohybrids could be modified over a significant temperature range around body temperature by adjusting the copolymer composition, the architecture, and/or the size of the polymer. The intrinsic photothermal properties of the gold nanorods were utilized to trigger particle aggregation by irradiation at 808 nm in the optical window of human tissues. In effect, a new nanohybrid system with remotely controllable aggregation via an external NIR-light stimulus for nanomedical applications was developed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Darius Rohleder
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Tammannstr. 6, Göttingen 37077, Germany
| | - Philipp Vana
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Tammannstr. 6, Göttingen 37077, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Maguire SM, Krook NM, Kulshreshtha A, Bilchak CR, Brosnan R, Pana AM, Rannou P, Maréchal M, Ohno K, Jayaraman A, Composto RJ. Interfacial Compatibilization in Ternary Polymer Nanocomposites: Comparing Theory and Experiments. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c02345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shawn M. Maguire
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | | | - Arjita Kulshreshtha
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Connor R. Bilchak
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Robert Brosnan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Andreea-Maria Pana
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Patrice Rannou
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, INAC-SyMMES, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Manuel Maréchal
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, INAC-SyMMES, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Kohji Ohno
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Kyoto University, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Arthi Jayaraman
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Russell J. Composto
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Li Z, Ye Z, Han L, Fan Q, Wu C, Ding D, Xin HL, Myung NV, Yin Y. Polarization-Modulated Multidirectional Photothermal Actuators. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2006367. [PMID: 33296108 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202006367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Photothermal actuators have attracted increasing attention due to their ability to convert light energy into mechanical deformation and locomotion. This work reports a freestanding, multidirectional photothermal robot that can walk along a predesigned pathway by modulating laser polarization and on-off switching. Magnetic-plasmonic hybrid Fe3 O4 /Ag nanorods are synthesized using an unconventional templating approach. The coupled magnetic and plasmonic anisotropy allows control of the rod orientation, plasmonic excitation, and photothermal conversion by simply applying a magnetic field. Once the rods are fixed with desirable orientations in a bimorph actuator by magnetic-field-assisted lithography, the bending of the actuator can be controlled by switching the laser polarization. A bipedal robot is created by coupling the rod orientation with the alternating actuation of its two legs. Irradiating the robot by a laser with alternating or fixed polarization synergistically results in basic movement (backward and forward) and turning (including left-, right-, and U-turn), respectively. A complex walk along predesigned pathways can be potentially programmed by combining the movement and turning modes of the robots. This strategy provides an alternative driving mechanism for preparing functional soft robots, thus breaking through the limitations in the existing systems in terms of light sources and actuation manners.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Zuyang Ye
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Lili Han
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Qingsong Fan
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Chaolumen Wu
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Deng Ding
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Huolin L Xin
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Nosang Vincent Myung
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Yadong Yin
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Li X, Kang H, Shen J. Effects of graft locations on dispersion behavior of polymer-grafted nanorods: A molecular dynamics simulation study. POLYMER 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2020.123077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
|
16
|
Paiva FL, Secchi AR, Calado V, Maia J, Khani S. Slip and momentum transfer mechanisms mediated by Janus rods at polymer interfaces. SOFT MATTER 2020; 16:6662-6672. [PMID: 32626867 DOI: 10.1039/d0sm00858c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
As an incipient but preeminent technology for multiphase nanomaterials/fluids, exact compatibilizing mechanisms of Janus particles in polymer blends and the consequent morphology remain unknown. The contributions of Janus nanorods to slip suppression and momentum transfer across the interface have been explored through dissipative particle dynamics simulations under shear flow at unentangled polymer-polymer interfaces. Rods have been then grafted with flexible polymer chains to unveil interfacial structure-property relationships at a molecular level when compared with flexible diblock copolymer surfactants. When Janus rods are sparsely grafted with necessarily longer grafts, they favor a greater degree of graft interpenetration with polymer phases. This yields less effective momentum transfer that impacts droplet coalescence processes; dynamic heterogeneities at complex interfaces; and helps map their efficiency as compatibilizers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Felipe L Paiva
- School of Chemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rua Horácio Macedo 2030, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-909, Brazil and Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 2100 Adelbert Road, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
| | - Argimiro R Secchi
- Chemical Engineering Graduate Program (COPPE), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rua Horácio Macedo 2030, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-909, Brazil
| | - Verônica Calado
- School of Chemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rua Horácio Macedo 2030, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-909, Brazil
| | - João Maia
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 2100 Adelbert Road, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
| | - Shaghayegh Khani
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 2100 Adelbert Road, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Bailey EJ, Winey KI. Dynamics of polymer segments, polymer chains, and nanoparticles in polymer nanocomposite melts: A review. Prog Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2020.101242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
|
18
|
Jung N, Weon BM, Doi M. Evaporation-induced alignment of nanorods in a thin film. SOFT MATTER 2020; 16:4767-4775. [PMID: 32401251 DOI: 10.1039/d0sm00482k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
During the solvent evaporation of a thin film, Brownian rod-shaped particles self-assemble into microstructures and their orientation arrangements change while their volume fractions increase. We have studied the phenomena using a simple model which accounts for the anisotropic diffusion and the mean-field interaction of the particles. By numerically solving the Smoluchowski equation under moving boundary conditions, we obtain the spatiotemporal evolution of volume fractions and order parameters. It is shown that the evaporation dynamics alter the equilibrium orientational configuration of particles to meta-stable states. This alternation is possible by controlling either Péclet numbers or anisotropic diffusion rates. This understanding of the dynamic self-assembly of rod-shaped particles can be useful in manipulating the collective rod-arrangement in printing and coating technologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Narina Jung
- Research Center for Advanced Materials Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Chen Y, Liu H, Yin H, Zhu Q, Yao G, Gu N. Hierarchical Fabrication of Plasmonic Superlattice Membrane by Aspect-Ratio Controllable Nanobricks for Label-Free Protein Detection. Front Chem 2020; 8:307. [PMID: 32411663 PMCID: PMC7198893 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.00307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasmonic superlattice membrane exhibits remarkable functional properties that are emerging from engineered assemblies of well-defined "meta-atoms," which is featured as a conceptual new category of two-dimensional optical metamaterials. The ability to build plasmonic membranes over macroscopic surfaces but with nanoscale ordering is crucial for systematically controlling the light-matter interactions and represents considerable advances for the bottom-up fabrication of soft optoelectronic devices and circuits. Through rational design, novel nanocrystals, and by engineering the packing orders, the hybridized plasmon signature can be customized, promoting controllable near-field confinement for surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) based detection. However, building such 2D architectures has proven to be remarkably challenging due to the complicated interparticle forces and multiscale interactions during self-assembly. Here, we report on the fabrication of ultralong-nanobrick-based giant plasmonic superlattice membranes as high-performance SERS substrates for ultrasensitive and label-free protein detection. Using aspect-ratio controllable short-to-ultralong nanobricks as building blocks, we construct three distinctive plasmonic membranes by polymer-ligand-based strategy in drying-mediated self-assembly at the air/water interfaces. The plasmonic membranes exhibit monolayered morphology with nanoscale assembled ordering but macroscopic lateral dimensions, inducing enhanced near-field confinement and uniform hot-spot distribution. By choosing 4-aminothiophenol and bovine serum albumin (BSA) as a model analyte, we establish an ultrasensitive assay for label-free SERS detection. The detection limit of BSA can reach 15 nM, and the enhancement factor reached 4.3 × 105, enabling a promising avenue for its clinical application in ultrasensitive biodiagnostics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
- Southeast University-Monash University Joint Research Institute, Suzhou, China
| | - Huang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
- Southeast University-Monash University Joint Research Institute, Suzhou, China
| | - Haojing Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
- Southeast University-Monash University Joint Research Institute, Suzhou, China
| | - Qi Zhu
- School of Pharmaceutical and Chemical Engineering, Chengxian College, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Gang Yao
- School of Pharmaceutical and Chemical Engineering, Chengxian College, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ning Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
- Southeast University-Monash University Joint Research Institute, Suzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Paiva FL, Hore MJA, Secchi A, Calado V, Maia J, Khani S. Dynamic Interfacial Trapping of Janus Nanorod Aggregates. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:4184-4193. [PMID: 32200633 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b03604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Taking advantage of both shape and chemical anisotropy on the same nanoparticle offers rich self-assembly possibilities for nanotechnology. Through dissipative particle dynamics calculations, in the present work, the directed assembly of Janus nanorod aggregates and their capability to assemble into metastable novel structures at an interfacial level have been assessed. Symmetric Janus rods become kinetically trapped and exhibit either parallel or antiparallel alignment with respect to their long axis (different compositions). This depends on several factors that have been mapped herein and that can be precisely tuned: Flory-Huggins interaction parameter χ between polymer phases; concentration; shear rate; and even aggregate shape. Ultimately, two different aggregate structures result from rod tumbling that are not observed under quiescent conditions: monolayer-like aggregates exhibiting trapped rods with antiparallel configuration; and stacked nanorod arrays similar to superlattice sheets. These different structures can be controlled by the likelihood with which tumbling Janus rods encounter other aggregate portions showing parallel alignment. Hence, the present study offers fundamental insight into relevant parameters that govern the directed assembly of Janus nanoparticles at an interfacial level. Novel applications may potentially derive from the resulting aggregate structures, such as peculiar displays and sensors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Felipe L Paiva
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 2100 Adelbert Road, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
- School of Chemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rua Horácio Macedo 2030, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-909, Brazil
| | - Michael J A Hore
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 2100 Adelbert Road, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Argimiro Secchi
- Chemical Engineering Graduate Program (COPPE), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rua Horácio Macedo 2030, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-909, Brazil
| | - Verônica Calado
- School of Chemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rua Horácio Macedo 2030, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-909, Brazil
| | - João Maia
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 2100 Adelbert Road, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Shaghayegh Khani
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 2100 Adelbert Road, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Sethi A, Rafiee M, Chandra S, Ahmed H, McCormack S. Unified Methodology for Fabrication and Quantification of Gold Nanorods, Gold Core Silver Shell Nanocuboids, and Their Polymer Nanocomposites. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:13011-13019. [PMID: 31525940 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b01481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A multitude of applications is related to the unique properties of absorption, scattering, and plasmon-enhanced phenomena of metal nanoparticles (MNPs). The aqueous colloidal-based synthesis of MNPs is used more widely as it allows precise shape and size control. However, for various applications, it is required to have the MNPs in an organic solvent or polymer that is compatible with the MNPs. This work establishes a protocol from the synthesis to the phase transfer process of gold nanorods and gold core silver shell nanocuboids (Au@Ag NCs) in dichloromethane. Subsequent dispersion in a polymer (silicone encapsulant polymer) is achieved while retaining the MNPs' plasmonic properties. Au@Ag NCs have not been transferred to an organic solvent to date due to their unique shape and instability in the organic phase. The established protocol is reproducible, and MNPs were found to be stable for up to a year in the polymer. Qualitative and quantitative validation of the experimental results is achieved on MNP concentration by a model based on the finite difference time domain method. Using the model, the concentration of MNPs in nanocomposite can be determined.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arunima Sethi
- School of Engineering , Trinity College Dublin , Dublin D02 PN40 , Ireland
| | - Mehran Rafiee
- School of Engineering , Trinity College Dublin , Dublin D02 PN40 , Ireland
| | - Subhash Chandra
- School of Engineering , Trinity College Dublin , Dublin D02 PN40 , Ireland
| | - Hind Ahmed
- School of Engineering , Trinity College Dublin , Dublin D02 PN40 , Ireland
| | - Sarah McCormack
- School of Engineering , Trinity College Dublin , Dublin D02 PN40 , Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Khan AU, Guo Y, Chen X, Liu G. Spectral-Selective Plasmonic Polymer Nanocomposites Across the Visible and Near-Infrared. ACS NANO 2019; 13:4255-4266. [PMID: 30908010 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b09386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
State-of-the-art commercial light-reflecting glass is coated with a metalized film to decrease the transmittance of electromagnetic waves. In addition to the cost of the metalized film, one major limitation of such light-reflecting glass is the lack of spectral selectivity over the entire visible and near-infrared (NIR) spectrum. To address this challenge, we herein effectively harness the transmittance, reflectance, and filtration of any wavelength across the visible and NIR, by judiciously controlling the planar orientation of two-dimensional plasmonic silver nanoplates (AgNPs) in polymer nanocomposites. In contrast to conventional bulk polymer nanocomposites where plasmonic nanoparticles are randomly mixed within a polymer matrix, our thin-film polymer nanocomposites comprise a single layer, or any desired number of multiple layers, of planarly oriented AgNPs separated by tunable spacings. This design employs a minimal amount of metal and yet efficiently manages light across the visible and NIR. The thin-film plasmonic polymer nanocomposites are expected to have a significant impact on spectral-selective light modulation, sensing, optics, optoelectronics, and photonics.
Collapse
|
23
|
Hsu SW, Xu T. Tailoring Co-assembly of Nanodiscs and Block Copolymer-Based Supramolecules by Manipulating Interparticle Interactions. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b00069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ting Xu
- Materials Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Velleman L, Scarabelli L, Sikdar D, Kornyshev AA, Liz-Marzán LM, Edel JB. Monitoring plasmon coupling and SERS enhancement through in situ nanoparticle spacing modulation. Faraday Discuss 2019; 205:67-83. [PMID: 28932840 DOI: 10.1039/c7fd00162b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Self-assembled nanoparticle (NP) arrays at liquid interfaces provide a unique optical response which has opened the door to new tuneable metamaterials for sensing and optical applications. NPs can spontaneously assemble at a liquid-liquid interface, forming an ordered, self-healing, low-defect 2D film. The close proximity of the NPs at the interface results in collective plasmonic modes with a spectral response dependent on the distance between the NPs and induces large field enhancements within the gaps. In this study, we assembled spherical and rod-shaped gold NPs with the aim of improving our understanding of NP assembly processes at liquid interfaces, working towards finely controlling their structure and producing tailored optical and enhanced Raman signals. We systematically tuned the assembly and spacing between NPs through increasing or decreasing the degree of electrostatic screening with the addition of electrolyte or pH adjustment. The in situ modulation of the nanoparticle position on the same sample allowed us to monitor plasmon coupling and the resulting SERS enhancement processes in real time, with sub-nm precision.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Velleman
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, UK.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Pourcin F, Reynaud CA, Carlberg M, Rouzo JL, Duché D, Simon JJ, Escoubas L, Sauvage RM, Berginc G, Margeat O, Ackermann J. Plasmonic Nanocomposites Based on Silver Nanocube-Polymer Blends Displaying Nearly Perfect Absorption in the UV Region. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:2179-2187. [PMID: 30433787 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b03003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Plasmonic nanocomposites based on well-dispersed silver nanocubes in poly(vinylpyrrolidone) are presented that are solution-processed into layers of varying volume fractions of nanocubes. We show that the high-energy modes of the nanocubes are almost insensitive to plasmonic coupling within the nanocube assemblies, leading to a linear increase in light absorption in the UV region with the nanocube densities. Concerning the main dipolar resonance mode at 450 nm, it is strongly affected by the formation of these assemblies, leading to an increased absorption in the UV region as well as a large absorption band in the visible region. Simulations of the optical response of the nanocube assemblies as a function of nanocube spacing and electric field polarization reveal that optical features in the visible region are due to intercube couplings at short intercube distances and parallel electric field orientation. In contrast, the additional plasmonic band in the UV region has its origin in residual dipolar oscillations of the nanocubes in combination with weak dipolar coupling for both parallel and transversal field polarizations. The combination of these effects leads to an enlarged absorption band in the UV region with nearly perfect light absorption of 98.8% at a high silver volume fraction of 8% that is accompanied by a very weak specular reflection of only 0.28%. Although such perfect absorption is usually observed only when nanocubes are assembled on a gold surface, nearly perfect absorption herein is achieved on a large palette of substrates including glass, plastic, and cheap metals such as aluminum, making it a promising approach for solution-processed robust and cheap quasi-perfect absorption coatings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Florent Pourcin
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, CINaM UMR 7325 , 13288 Marseille , France
| | - Clément A Reynaud
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Université de Toulon, IM2NP UMR 7334 , 13397 Marseille , France
| | - Miriam Carlberg
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Université de Toulon, IM2NP UMR 7334 , 13397 Marseille , France
| | - Judikaël Le Rouzo
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Université de Toulon, IM2NP UMR 7334 , 13397 Marseille , France
| | - David Duché
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Université de Toulon, IM2NP UMR 7334 , 13397 Marseille , France
| | - Jean-Jacques Simon
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Université de Toulon, IM2NP UMR 7334 , 13397 Marseille , France
| | - Ludovic Escoubas
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Université de Toulon, IM2NP UMR 7334 , 13397 Marseille , France
| | | | | | - Olivier Margeat
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, CINaM UMR 7325 , 13288 Marseille , France
| | - Jörg Ackermann
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, CINaM UMR 7325 , 13288 Marseille , France
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Krook NM, Ford J, Maréchal M, Rannou P, Meth JS, Murray CB, Composto RJ. Alignment of Nanoplates in Lamellar Diblock Copolymer Domains and the Effect of Particle Volume Fraction on Phase Behavior. ACS Macro Lett 2018; 7:1400-1407. [PMID: 35651232 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.8b00665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Polymer nanocomposites (PNCs) that employ diblock copolymers (BCPs) to organize and align anisotropic nanoparticles (NPs) have the potential to facilitate self-assembling hierarchical structures. However, limited studies have been completed to understand the parameters that guide the assembly of nonspherical NPs in BCPs. In this work, we establish a well-defined nanoplate system to investigate the alignment of two-dimensional materials in a lamellar-forming poly(styrene-b-methyl methacrylate) (PS-b-PMMA) BCP with domains oriented parallel to the substrate. Monodisperse gadolinium trifluoride rhombic nanoplates doped with ytterbium and erbium [GdF3:Yb/Er (20/2 mol %)] are synthesized and grafted with phosphoric acid functionalized polyethylene glycol (PEG-PO3H2). Designed with chemical specificity to one block, the nanoplates align in the PMMA domain at low volume fractions (ϕ = 0.0083 and ϕ = 0.017). At these low NP loadings, the BCP lamellae are ordered and induce preferential alignment of the GdF3:Yb/Er nanoplates. However, at high volume fractions (ϕ = 0.050 and ϕ = 0.064), the BCP lamellae are disordered with isotropically dispersed nanoplates. The transition from an ordered BCP system with aligned nanoplates to a disordered BCP with unaligned nanoplates coincides with the calculated overlap volume fraction, ϕ* = 0.051, where the pervaded space of the NPs begins to overlap. Two phenomena are observed in the results: the effect of lamellar formation on nanoplate orientation and the overall phase behavior of the PNCs. The presented research not only expands our knowledge of PNC phase behavior but also introduces a framework to further study the parameters that affect nanoplate alignment in BCP nanocomposites. Our ability to control anisotropic NP orientation in PNCs through self-assembling techniques lends itself to creating multifunctional materials with unique properties for various applications such as photovoltaic cells and barrier coatings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nadia M. Krook
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Jamie Ford
- Nanoscale Characterization Facility, Singh Center for Nanotechnology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Manuel Maréchal
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, INAC-SyMMES, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Patrice Rannou
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, INAC-SyMMES, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | | | - Christopher B. Murray
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Russell J. Composto
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Thio SK, Jiang D, Park SY. Electrowetting-driven solar indoor lighting (e-SIL): an optofluidic approach towards sustainable buildings. LAB ON A CHIP 2018; 18:1725-1735. [PMID: 29726880 DOI: 10.1039/c8lc00319j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Optofluidics is an emerging research field that combines the two disciplines of microfluidics and optics. By using microfluidic technologies for light control, optofluidic devices can offer several advantages over solid-type optical components, including optical-grade smoothness at the fluidic interface and a high degree of optical tunability without bulky and complex mechanical moving parts. These features have made optofluidic devices more versatile and reconfigurable to improve their optical performances. In this paper, we present a novel optofluidic sunlight manipulation technology for solar indoor lighting using the electrowetting principle. Rooftop sunlight is collected by a solar concentrator and guided to individual rooms along an optical fiber (waveguide) on the bottom of which tunable liquid prisms are linearly integrated. In the light-off mode, electrowetting controls the apex angle of the prisms to be φ = 0°. Under this condition, incoming sunlight experiences total internal reflection and thus keeps propagating along the optical fiber without leaking to the prism bottom for indoor lighting. In contrast, when liquid prisms are controlled to have the angle at φ > 0°, incoming sunlight is partially transmitted to the bottom surface of the arrayed prisms to contribute to interior illumination. Simulation studies validate that our electrowetting-driven solar indoor lighting (e-SIL) system is capable of variably tuning the lighting power from 0% to 98.6% of the input solar power by controlling the prism angle and varying the refractive index of prism materials. For experimental studies, we fabricated an array of 5 prisms filled with silicone oil and water. Using a fiber illuminator as a white light source that includes visible light with various incident angles, we have demonstrated two important lighting functions, (1) light on/off and (2) illumination power control. Lighting performance can be further enhanced by lowering the aspect ratio of the prism as well as increasing the number of prisms. The e-SIL technology based on tunable liquid prisms offers a new approach towards sustainable buildings that are able to reduce their electricity usage as well as provide a healthy and comfortable indoor environment under illumination of natural sunlight.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Si Kuan Thio
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Biomedical Institute for Global Health Research and Technology (BIGHEART), National University of Singapore (NUS), 117576, Singapore.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Yang Y, Bevan MA. Interfacial colloidal rod dynamics: Coefficients, simulations, and analysis. J Chem Phys 2018; 147:054902. [PMID: 28789549 DOI: 10.1063/1.4995949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Colloidal rod diffusion near a wall is modeled and simulated based on a constrained Stokesian dynamic model of chains-of-spheres. By modeling colloidal rods as chains-of-spheres, complete diffusion tensors are computed for colloidal rods in bulk media and near interfaces, including hydrodynamic interactions, translation-rotation coupling, and all diffusion modes in the particle and lab frames. Simulated trajectories based on the chain-of-spheres diffusion tensor are quantified in terms of typical experimental quantities such as mean squared positional and angular displacements as well as autocorrelation functions. Theoretical expressions are reported to predict measured average diffusivities as well as the crossover from short-time anisotropic translational diffusion along the rod's major axis to isotropic diffusion. Diffusion modes are quantified in terms of closed form empirical fits to model results to aid their use in interpretation and prediction of experiments involving colloidal rod diffusion in interfacial and confined systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuguang Yang
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
| | - Michael A Bevan
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Chen Y, Xu Q, Jin Y, Qian X, Liu L, Liu J, Ganesan V. Design of End-to-End Assembly of Side-Grafted Nanorods in a Homopolymer Matrix. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b00292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yulong Chen
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Qian Xu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Yangfu Jin
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Xin Qian
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Li Liu
- Key Laboratory of Beijing City on Preparation and Processing of Novel Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Beijing City on Preparation and Processing of Novel Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Venkat Ganesan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Hsu SW, Rodarte AL, Som M, Arya G, Tao AR. Colloidal Plasmonic Nanocomposites: From Fabrication to Optical Function. Chem Rev 2018; 118:3100-3120. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Su-Wen Hsu
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, MC 0448, La Jolla, California 92039-0448, United States
| | - Andrea L. Rodarte
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, MC 0448, La Jolla, California 92039-0448, United States
| | - Madhura Som
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, MC 0448, La Jolla, California 92039-0448, United States
| | - Gaurav Arya
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, MC 0448, La Jolla, California 92039-0448, United States
| | - Andrea R. Tao
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, MC 0448, La Jolla, California 92039-0448, United States
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Thompson LB, Carfagno GLF, Andresen K, Sitton AJ, Bury T, Lee LL, Lerner KT, Fong PP. Differential uptake of gold nanoparticles by 2 species of tadpole, the wood frog (Lithobates sylvaticus) and the bullfrog (Lithobates catesbeianus). ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2017; 36:3351-3358. [PMID: 28703896 DOI: 10.1002/etc.3909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Revised: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 07/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Engineered nanoparticles are aquatic contaminants of emerging concern that exert ecotoxicological effects on a wide variety of organisms. We exposed cetyltrimethylammonium bromide-capped spherical gold nanoparticles to wood frog and bullfrog tadpoles with conspecifics and in combination with the other species continuously for 21 d, then measured uptake and localization of gold. Wood frog tadpoles alone and in combination with bullfrog tadpoles took up significantly more gold than bullfrogs. Bullfrog tadpoles in combination with wood frogs took up significantly more gold than controls. The rank order of weight-normalized gold uptake was wood frogs in combination > wood frogs alone > bullfrogs in combination > bullfrogs alone > controls. In all gold-exposed groups of tadpoles, gold was concentrated in the anterior region compared with the posterior region of the body. The concentration of gold nanoparticles in the anterior region of wood frogs both alone and in combination with bullfrogs was significantly higher than the corresponding posterior regions. We also measured depuration time of gold in wood frogs. After 21 d in a solution of gold nanoparticles, tadpoles lost >83% of internalized gold when placed in gold-free water for 5 d. After 10 d in gold-free water, tadpoles lost 94% of their gold. After 15 d, gold concentrations were below the level of detection. Our finding of differential uptake between closely related species living in similar habitats with overlapping geographical distributions argues against generalizing toxicological effects of nanoparticles for a large group of organisms based on measurements in only one species. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:3351-3358. © 2017 SETAC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucas B Thompson
- Department of Chemistry, Gettysburg College, Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Kurt Andresen
- Department of Physics, Gettysburg College, Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Andrea J Sitton
- Program in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Gettysburg College, Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Taylor Bury
- Department of Biology, Gettysburg College, Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Laura L Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Gettysburg College, Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kevin T Lerner
- Program in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Gettysburg College, Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Peter P Fong
- Department of Biology, Gettysburg College, Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, USA
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Koski JP, Ferrier RC, Krook NM, Chao H, Composto RJ, Frischknecht AL, Riggleman RA. Comparison of Field-Theoretic Approaches in Predicting Polymer Nanocomposite Phase Behavior. Macromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b01731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jason P. Koski
- Sandia National
Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, United States
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Gollanapalli V, Manthri A, Sankar UK, Tripathy M. Dispersion, Phase Separation, and Self-Assembly of Polymer-Grafted Nanorod Composites. Macromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b01754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vaishnavi Gollanapalli
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076 Maharashtra, India
| | - Anirudh Manthri
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076 Maharashtra, India
| | - Uma K. Sankar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076 Maharashtra, India
| | - Mukta Tripathy
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076 Maharashtra, India
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Liu J, Wang Z, Zhang Z, Shen J, Chen Y, Zheng Z, Zhang L, Lyulin AV. Self-Assembly of Block Copolymer Chains To Promote the Dispersion of Nanoparticles in Polymer Nanocomposites. J Phys Chem B 2017; 121:9311-9318. [PMID: 28892620 PMCID: PMC5632811 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.7b08670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Revised: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In this paper we adopt molecular dynamics simulations to study the amphiphilic AB block copolymer (BCP) mediated nanoparticle (NP) dispersion in polymer nanocomposites (PNCs), with the A-block being compatible with the NPs and the B-block being miscible with the polymer matrix. The effects of the number and components of BCP, as well as the interaction strength between A-block and NPs on the spatial organization of NPs, are explored. We find that the increase of the fraction of the A-block brings different dispersion effect to NPs than that of B-block. We also find that the best dispersion state of the NPs occurs in the case of a moderate interaction strength between the A-block and the NPs. Meanwhile, the stress-strain behavior is probed. Our simulation results verify that adopting BCP is an effective way to adjust the dispersion of NPs in the polymer matrix, further to manipulate the mechanical properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Beijing
City on Preparation and Processing of Novel Polymer Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Zixuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Beijing
City on Preparation and Processing of Novel Polymer Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Zhiyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Beijing
City on Preparation and Processing of Novel Polymer Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Jianxiang Shen
- College of Materials and Textile Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, P. R. China
| | - Yulong Chen
- College of Material Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China
| | - Zijian Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Beijing
City on Preparation and Processing of Novel Polymer Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for
Advanced Organic Chemical Materials, Key Laboratory for the Green
Preparation and Application of Functional Materials, Ministry of Education,
Hubei Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, School of Materials Science
and Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, P. R. China
| | - Liqun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Beijing
City on Preparation and Processing of Novel Polymer Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Alexey V. Lyulin
- Theory of Polymers and Soft Matter, Department
of Applied Physics Technische Universiteit
Eindhoven, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Maity S, Wu WC, Tracy JB, Clarke LI, Bochinski JR. Nanoscale steady-state temperature gradients within polymer nanocomposites undergoing continuous-wave photothermal heating from gold nanorods. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:11605-11618. [PMID: 28770914 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr04613h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Anisotropically-shaped metal nanoparticles act as nanoscale heaters via excitation of a localized surface plasmon resonance, utilizing a photothermal effect which converts the optical energy into local heat. Steady-state temperatures within a polymer matrix embedded with gold nanorods undergoing photothermal heating using continuous-wave excitation are measured in the immediate spatial vicinity of the nanoparticle (referred to as the local temperature) from observing the rate of physical rotation of the asymmetric nanoparticles within the locally created polymer melt. Average temperatures across the entire (mostly solid) sample (referred to as the global temperature) are simultaneously observed using a fluorescence method from randomly dispersed molecular emitters. Comparing these two independent measurements in films having varying concentrations of nanorods reveals the interplay between the local and global temperatures, clearly demonstrating the capability of these material samples to sustain large steady-state spatial temperature gradients when experiencing continuous-wave excitation photothermal heating. These results are discussed quantitatively. Illustrative imaging studies of nanofibers under photothermal heating also support the presence of a large temperature gradient. Photothermal heating in this manner has potential utility in creating unique thermal processing conditions for outcomes such as driving chemical reactions, inducing crystallinity changes, or enhancing degradation processes in a manner unachievable by conventional heating methods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Somsubhra Maity
- Department of Physics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-8202, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Ashkar R, Hore MJA, Ye X, Natarajan B, Greybush NJ, Lam T, Kagan CR, Murray CB. Rapid Large-Scale Assembly and Pattern Transfer of One-Dimensional Gold Nanorod Superstructures. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:25513-25521. [PMID: 28686407 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b06273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The utility of gold nanorods for plasmonic applications largely depends on the relative orientation and proximity of the nanorods. Though side-by-side or chainlike nanorod morphologies have been previously demonstrated, a simple reliable method to obtain high-yield oriented gold nanorod assemblies remains a significant challenge. We present a facile, scalable approach which exploits meniscus drag, evaporative self-assembly, and van der Waals interactions to precisely position and orient gold nanorods over macroscopic areas of 1D nanostructured substrates. By adjusting the ratio of the nanorod diameter to the width of the nanochannels, we demonstrate the formation of two highly desired translationally ordered nanorod patterns. We further demonstrate a method to transfer the aligned nanorods into a polymer matrix which exhibits anisotropic optical properties, allowing for rapid fabrication and deployment of flexible optical and electronic materials in future nanoscale devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rana Ashkar
- Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) , Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
- Materials Science and Engineering Department, University of Maryland , College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
- Biology and Soft Matter Division, Neutron Sciences Directorate, Oak Ridge National Laboratory , Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Michael J A Hore
- Department of Macromolecular Science & Engineering, Case Western Reserve University , 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Xingchen Ye
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania , 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Bharath Natarajan
- Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) , Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Nicholas J Greybush
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Pennsylvania , 3231 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Thomas Lam
- Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) , Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Cherie R Kagan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania , 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania , 200 South 33rd Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Pennsylvania , 3231 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Christopher B Murray
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania , 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Pennsylvania , 3231 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Gooneie A, Sapkota J, Shirole A, Holzer C. Length controlled kinetics of self-assembly of bidisperse nanotubes/nanorods in polymers. POLYMER 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2017.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
38
|
Koski JP, Riggleman RA. Field-theoretic simulations of block copolymer nanocomposites in a constant interfacial tension ensemble. J Chem Phys 2017; 146:164903. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4981912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jason P. Koski
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19106, USA
| | - Robert A. Riggleman
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19106, USA
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Glor EC, Ferrier RC, Li C, Composto RJ, Fakhraai Z. Out-of-plane orientation alignment and reorientation dynamics of gold nanorods in polymer nanocomposite films. SOFT MATTER 2017; 13:2207-2215. [PMID: 28243639 DOI: 10.1039/c6sm02403c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we develop a novel, in situ characterization method to measure the orientation order parameter and investigate the reorientation and reshaping dynamics of polymer grafted gold nanorods (AuNRs) in polymer nanocomposite (PNC) thin films. The long aspect-ratio of AuNRs results in two well-defined plasmon resonance modes, allowing the optical properties of the PNC to be tuned over a wide spectral range. The alignment of the AuNRs in a particular direction can also be used to further tune these optical properties. We utilize variable angle spectroscopic ellipsometry as a unique technique to measure the optical properties of PNC films containing AuNRs at various angles of incidence, and use effective index of refraction analysis of the PNC to relate the birefringence in the film due to changes of the plasmon coupling to the orientation order parameter of AuNRs. Polymer thin films (ca. 70 nm) of either polystyrene (PS) or poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) containing PS grafted AuNRs are probed with ellipsometry, and the resulting extinction coefficient spectra compare favorably with more traditional analytical techniques, electron microscopy (EM) and optical absorbance (vis-NIR) spectroscopy. Furthermore, variable angle spectroscopic ellipsometry measures optical birefringence, which allows us to determine the in- and out-of plane order of the AuNRs, a property that is not easily accessible using other measurement techniques. Additionally, this technique is applied in situ to demonstrate that AuNRs undergo a rapid (ca. 1-5 hours) reorientation before undergoing a slower (ca. 24 hours) rod to sphere shape transition. The reorientation behavior is different depending on the polymer matrix used. In the athermal case (i.e. PS matrix), the AuNRs reorient isotropically, while in PMMA the AuNRs do not become isotropic, which we hypothesize is due to PMMA preferentially wetting the silica substrate, leaving less vertical space for the AuNRs to reorient.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ethan C Glor
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Robert C Ferrier
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Chen Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Russell J Composto
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Zahra Fakhraai
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Guo YQ, Pan JX, Sun MN, Zhang JJ. Phase transition of a symmetric diblock copolymer induced by nanorods with different surface chemistry. J Chem Phys 2017; 146:024902. [PMID: 28088151 DOI: 10.1063/1.4973560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigate the phase transition of a symmetric diblock copolymer induced by nanorods with different surface chemistry. The results demonstrate that the system occurs the phase transition from a disordered structure to ordered parallel lamellae and then to the tilted layered structure as the number of rods increases. The dynamic evolution of the domain size and the order parameter of the microstructure are also examined. Furthermore, the influence of rod property, rod-phase interaction, rod-rod interaction, rod length, and polymerization degree on the behavior of the polymer system is also investigated systematically. Moreover, longer amphiphilic nanorods tend to make the polymer system form the hexagonal structure. It transforms into a perpendicular lamellar structure as the polymerization degree increases. Our simulations provide an efficient method for determining how to obtain the ordered structure on the nanometer scales and design the functional materials with optical, electronic, and magnetic properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Qi Guo
- School of Physics and Information Engineering, Shanxi Normal University, Linfen 041004, China
| | - Jun-Xing Pan
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Shanxi Normal University, Linfen 041004, China
| | - Min-Na Sun
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Shanxi Normal University, Linfen 041004, China
| | - Jin-Jun Zhang
- School of Physics and Information Engineering, Shanxi Normal University, Linfen 041004, China
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Shen J, Li X, Shen X, Liu J. Insight into the Dispersion Mechanism of Polymer-Grafted Nanorods in Polymer Nanocomposites: A Molecular Dynamics Simulation Study. Macromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b02284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jianxiang Shen
- College
of Materials and Textile Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, P. R. China
| | - Xue Li
- Department
of Chemical and Textile Engineering, Jiaxing University Nanhu College, Jiaxing 314001, P. R. China
| | - Xiaojun Shen
- College
of Materials and Textile Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, P. R. China
| | - Jun Liu
- Key
Laboratory of Beijing City on Preparation and Processing of Novel
Polymer Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Chao H, Koski J, Riggleman RA. Solvent vapor annealing in block copolymer nanocomposite films: a dynamic mean field approach. SOFT MATTER 2016; 13:239-249. [PMID: 27320693 DOI: 10.1039/c6sm00770h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Polymer nanocomposites are an important class of materials due to the nanoparticles' ability to impart functionality not commonly found in a polymer matrix, such as electrical conductivity or tunable optical properties. While the equilibrium properties of polymer nanocomposites can be treated using numerous theoretical and simulation approaches, in experiments the effects of processing and kinetic traps are significant and thus critical for understanding the structure and the functionality of polymer nanocomposites. However, simulation methods that can efficiently predict kinetically trapped and metastable structures of polymer nanocomposites are currently not common. This is particularly important in inhomogeneous polymers such as block copolymers, where techniques such as solvent vapor annealing are commonly employed to improve the long-range order. In this work, we introduce a dynamic mean field theory that is capable of predicting the result of processing the structure of polymer nanocomposites, and we demonstrate that our method accurately predicts the equilibrium properties of a model system more efficiently than a particle-based model. We subsequently use our method to predict the structure of block copolymer thin films with grafted nanoparticles after solvent annealing, where we find that the final distribution of the grafted nanoparticles can be controlled by varying the solvent evaporation rate. The extent to which the solvent evaporation rate can affect the final nanoparticle distribution in the film depends on the grafting density and the length of the grafted chains. Furthermore, the effects of the solvent evaporation rate can be anticipated from the equilibrium nanoparticle distribution in the swollen and dry states.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huikuan Chao
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Jason Koski
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Robert A Riggleman
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Osipov MA, Gorkunov MV. Spatial distribution and nematic ordering of anisotropic nanoparticles in lamellae and hexagonal phases of block copolymers. THE EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL. E, SOFT MATTER 2016; 39:126. [PMID: 28012147 DOI: 10.1140/epje/i2016-16126-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Orientational and translational ordering of anisotropic nanoparticles in the lamellae and hexagonal phases of diblock copolymers have been considered theoretically in the case of strong segregation taking into account the anisotropic interaction between the nanoparticles and the monomers in different blocks. It has been shown that anisotropic nanoparticles are orientationally ordered in the boundary region between the blocks and the nematic order parameter possesses opposite signs in different blocks: the nanoparticles align parallel to the boundary in one block and perpendicular to it in the other. In the hexagonal phase, a weak biaxial ordering of nanoparticles is also induced in the boundary region. Explicit analytical results have been obtained for the distribution of nanoparticles in the lamellae phase. The results are compared with the existing experimental data.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail A Osipov
- Department of Mathematics, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XH, Scotland, UK
- Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Maxim V Gorkunov
- Shubnikov Institute of Crystallography, Federal Scientific Research Centre "Crystallography and Photonics", Russian Academy of Sciences, 119333, Moscow, Russia.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Mangal R, Nath P, Tikekar M, Archer LA. Enthalpy-Driven Stabilization of Dispersions of Polymer-Grafted Nanoparticles in High-Molecular-Weight Polymer Melts. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2016; 32:10621-10631. [PMID: 27650041 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b02613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Phase stability of polymer nanocomposites (PNCs) composed of polymer-grafted SiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) blended with high-molar-mass host polymer chains is investigated. We focus on blends in which the particle-grafted polymer, polyethylene glycol (PEG), and the host-atactic poly(methylmethacrylate) (PMMA) or PMMA/oligo-PEG blends-exhibit favorable enthalpic interactions. Small-angle X-ray scattering measurements are used to evaluate the phase stability of the blends and to report on the structure of the materials at intermediate and long length scales. By exploring SiO2-PEG/PMMA and SiO2-PEG/PMMA-PEG systems covering a wide range of molecular weights (Mw) of PMMA (1.1 kDa ≤ Mw,PMMA ≤ 1.1 × 103 kDa) and tethered PEG (0.5 kDa ≤ Mw, PEG ≤ 2 kDa), we are able to develop a comprehensive stability map for PNCs based on hairy NPs. At low Mw,PEG, the phase behavior is dominated by entropic effects and the negative Flory-Huggins χ parameter between PEG and PMMA plays no role in phase stability. For higher Mw,PEO and intermediate Mw,PMMA, a crossover from entropy- to enthalpy-dominated behavior is observed, which leads to the phase stability in PNCs well beyond the conventional limits reported for SiO2-PEG/PEG mixtures. This enhanced mixing ceases above a critical Mw,PMMA, where it is found that PMMA chains wet a sufficiently large number of SiO2-PEG particles to bridge and thereby destabilize the composites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Mangal
- Robert F. Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and ‡Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University , Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Pooja Nath
- Robert F. Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and ‡Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University , Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Mukul Tikekar
- Robert F. Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and ‡Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University , Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Lynden A Archer
- Robert F. Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and ‡Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University , Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Mangal R, Wen YH, Choudhury S, Archer LA. Multiscale Dynamics of Polymers in Particle-Rich Nanocomposites. Macromolecules 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b00496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Mangal
- Robert Frederick Smith School
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Yu Ho Wen
- Robert Frederick Smith School
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Snehashis Choudhury
- Robert Frederick Smith School
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Lynden A. Archer
- Robert Frederick Smith School
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Lee E, Xia Y, Ferrier RC, Kim HN, Gharbi MA, Stebe KJ, Kamien RD, Composto RJ, Yang S. Fine Golden Rings: Tunable Surface Plasmon Resonance from Assembled Nanorods in Topological Defects of Liquid Crystals. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2016; 28:2731-6. [PMID: 26853906 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201506084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Revised: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Unprecedented, reversible, and dynamic control over an assembly of gold nanorods dispersed in liquid crystals (LC) is demonstrated. The LC director field is dynamically tuned at the nanoscale using microscale ring confinement through the interplay of elastic energy at different temperatures, thus fine-tuning its core replacement energy to reversibly sequester nanoscale inclusions at the microscale. This leads to shifts of 100 nm or more in the surface plasmon resonance peak, an order of magnitude greater than any previous work with AuNR composites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elaine Lee
- Engineering Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA, 94550, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, 3231 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Yu Xia
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, 3231 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Robert C Ferrier
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, 220 South 33rd Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Hye-Na Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, 3231 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Mohamed A Gharbi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, 3231 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, 220 South 33rd Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, 209 South 33rd Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Kathleen J Stebe
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, 220 South 33rd Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Randall D Kamien
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, 209 South 33rd Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Russell J Composto
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, 3231 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Shu Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, 3231 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Zhao Y, Tong L, Li Y, Pan H, Zhang W, Guan M, Li W, Chen Y, Li Q, Li Z, Wang H, Yu XF, Chu PK. Lactose-Functionalized Gold Nanorods for Sensitive and Rapid Serological Diagnosis of Cancer. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:5813-20. [PMID: 26883478 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b11192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Timely and accurate diagnosis of cancer is crucial to cancer treatment. However, serological diagnosis of cancer still faces great challenge because the conventional methodology based on the enzyme-linked immune sorbent assay (ELISA) is costly, time-consuming, and complicated, involving multiple steps. Herein, lactose-functionalized gold nanorods (Lac-GNRs) are fabricated as efficient biosensors to detect cancerous conditions based on the unique surface plasmon resonance properties of GNRs and high specificity of lactose to the galectin-1 cancer biomarker. A trace concentration of galectin-1 as small as 10(-13) M can be detected by Lac-GNRs. The comparative study among BSA, galectin-3, and galectin-1 demonstrates the good specificity of Lac-GNRs to galectin-1 either in aqueous solutions or in the complex and heterogeneous serum specimens. Clinical tests show that the Lac-GNRs biosensors can readily distinguish the serums of cancer patients from those of healthy persons simply by using a microplate reader or even direct visual observation. The Lac-GNRs biosensing platform is highly efficient and easy to use and have great potential in rapid screening of cancer patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuetao Zhao
- Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Liping Tong
- Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
- Department of Physics and Materials Science, City University of Hong Kong , Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yong Li
- Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Haobo Pan
- Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, China
| | - Min Guan
- Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Weihao Li
- Shenzhen People's Hospital/Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University , Shenzhen 518020, China
| | - Yixin Chen
- Shenzhen People's Hospital/Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University , Shenzhen 518020, China
| | - Qing Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University , Beijing 100191, China
| | - Zhongjun Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University , Beijing 100191, China
| | - Huaiyu Wang
- Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Xue-Feng Yu
- Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Paul K Chu
- Department of Physics and Materials Science, City University of Hong Kong , Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Ferrier RC, Huang Y, Ohno K, Composto RJ. Dispersion of PMMA-grafted, mesoscopic iron-oxide rods in polymer films. SOFT MATTER 2016; 12:2550-2556. [PMID: 26908174 DOI: 10.1039/c5sm02460a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates the parameters that affect the dispersion of polymer grafted mesoscopic iron-oxide rods (FeMRs) in polymer matrices. FeMRs (212 nm long by 36 nm in diameter) are grafted with poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) at three different brush molecular weights: 3.7 kg mol(-1), 32 kg mol(-1), and 160 kg mol(-1). Each FeMR sample was cast in a polymer thin film consisting of either PMMA or poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) each at a molecular weight much higher or much lower than the brush molecular weight. We find that the FeMRs with 160 kg mol(-1) brush disperse in all matrices while the FeMRs with 32 kg mol(-1) and 3.7 kg mol(-1) brushes aggregate in all matrices. We perform simple free energy calculations, taking into account steric repulsion from the brush and van der Waals attraction between FeMRs. We find that there is a barrier for aggregation for the FeMRs with the largest brush, while there is no barrier for the other FeMRs. Therefore, for these mesoscopic particles, the brush size is the main factor that determines the dispersion state of FeMRs in polymer matrices with athermal or weakly attractive brush-matrix interactions. These studies provide new insight into the mechanisms that affect dispersion in polymer matrices of mesoscopic particles and therefore guide the design of composite films with well-dispersed mesoscopic particles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert C Ferrier
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Yun Huang
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kohji Ohno
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Russell J Composto
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Rasin B, Chao H, Jiang G, Wang D, Riggleman RA, Composto RJ. Dispersion and alignment of nanorods in cylindrical block copolymer thin films. SOFT MATTER 2016; 12:2177-2185. [PMID: 26777462 DOI: 10.1039/c5sm02442k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Although significant progress has been made in controlling the dispersion of spherical nanoparticles in block copolymer thin films, our ability to disperse and control the assembly of anisotropic nanoparticles into well-defined structures is lacking in comparison. Here we use a combination of experiments and field theoretic simulations to examine the assembly of gold nanorods (AuNRs) in a block copolymer. Experimentally, poly(2-vinylpyridine)-grafted AuNRs (P2VP-AuNRs) are incorporated into poly(styrene)-b-poly(2-vinylpyridine) (PS-b-P2VP) thin films with a vertical cylinder morphology. At sufficiently low concentrations, the AuNRs disperse in the block copolymer thin film. For these dispersed AuNR systems, atomic force microscopy combined with sequential ultraviolet ozone etching indicates that the P2VP-AuNRs segregate to the base of the P2VP cylinders. Furthermore, top-down transmission electron microscopy imaging shows that the P2VP-AuNRs mainly lie parallel to the substrate. Our field theoretic simulations indicate that the NRs are strongly attracted to the cylinder base where they can relieve the local stretching of the minority block of the copolymer. These simulations also indicate conditions that will drive AuNRs to adopt a vertical orientation, namely by increasing nanorod length and/or reducing the wetting of the short block towards the substrate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Boris Rasin
- Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Affiliation(s)
- Christina L. Ting
- Sandia National
Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, United States
| | - Russell J. Composto
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering and the Laboratory for Research
on the Structure of Matter, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Amalie L. Frischknecht
- Center
for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, United States
| |
Collapse
|