1
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Parisi C, Qin K, Fernandes FM. Colonization versus encapsulation in cell-laden materials design: porosity and process biocompatibility determine cellularization pathways. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2021; 379:20200344. [PMID: 34334019 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2020.0344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Seeding materials with living cells has been-and still is-one of the most promising approaches to reproduce the complexity and the functionality of living matter. The strategies to associate living cells with materials are limited to cell encapsulation and colonization, however, the requirements for these two approaches have been seldom discussed systematically. Here we propose a simple two-dimensional map based on materials' pore size and the cytocompatibility of their fabrication process to draw, for the first time, a guide to building cellularized materials. We believe this approach may serve as a straightforward guideline to design new, more relevant materials, able to seize the complexity and the function of biological materials. This article is part of the theme issue 'Bio-derived and bioinspired sustainable advanced materials for emerging technologies (part 1)'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cleo Parisi
- Laboratoire de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Paris, Sorbonne Université, UMR7574, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Kankan Qin
- Laboratoire de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Paris, Sorbonne Université, UMR7574, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Francisco M Fernandes
- Laboratoire de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Paris, Sorbonne Université, UMR7574, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
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2
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Impact of hydrophilic polymers in organosilica matrices on structure, stability, and biocatalytic activity of immobilized methylotrophic yeast used as biofilter bed. Enzyme Microb Technol 2021; 150:109879. [PMID: 34489032 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2021.109879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The impact of hydrophilic polymers in an organosilica matrix on the features and performance of immobilized methylotrophic yeast cells used as biocatalysts was investigated and described. Yeast cells were immobilized in a matrix made of tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) and methyltriethoxysilane (MTES) by one-step sol-gel route of synthesis in the presence of polyethylene glycol (PEG) or polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). Organosilica shells were spontaneously built around cells as a result of yeast immobilization at a TEOS to MTES ratio of 85/15 vol% and hydrophilic polymer (PEG or PVA). As a structure-directing agent, PVA produces organosilica films. Stable high-performance biocatalysts active for one year, if stored at -18 °C, have been obtained by entrapment of methylotrophic yeast cells. A trickling biofilter with and without active aeration was designed using entrapped yeast cells to treat methanol polluted wastewater. A biofilter model with active aeration could halve methanol input thus demonstrating better performance compared to treatment without active aeration.
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3
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Lei Q, Guo J, Kong F, Cao J, Wang L, Zhu W, Brinker CJ. Bioinspired Cell Silicification: From Extracellular to Intracellular. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:6305-6322. [PMID: 33826324 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c00814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In nature, biosilicification directs the formation of elaborate amorphous silica exoskeletons that provide diatoms mechanically strong, chemically inert, non-decomposable silica armor conferring chemical and thermal stability as well as resistance to microbial attack, without changing the optical transparency or adversely effecting nutrient and waste exchange required for growth. These extraordinary silica/cell biocomposites have inspired decades of biomimetic research aimed at replication of diatoms' hierarchically organized exoskeletons, immobilization of cells or living organisms within silica matrices and coatings to protect them against harmful external stresses, genetic re-programming of cellular functions by virtue of physico-chemical confinement within silica, cellular integration into devices, and endowment of cells with non-native, abiotic properties through facile silica functionalization. In this Perspective, we focus our discussions on the development and concomitant challenges of bioinspired cell silicification ranging from "cells encapsulated within 3D silica matrices" and "cells encapsulated within 2D silica shells" to extra- and intracellular silica replication, wherein all biomolecular interfaces are encased within nanoscopic layers of amorphous silica. We highlight notable examples of advances in the science and technology of biosilicification and consider challenges to advancing the field, where we propose cellular "mineralization" with arbitrary nanoparticle exoskeletons as a generalizable means to impart limitless abiotic properties and functions to cells, and, based on the interchangeability of water and silicic acid and analogies between amorphous ice and amorphous silica, we consider "freezing" cells within amorphous silica as an alternative to cryo-preservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Lei
- MOE International Joint Research Laboratory on Synthetic Biology and Medicines, School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Jimin Guo
- Center for Micro-Engineered Materials, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, United States.,Department of Internal Medicine, Molecular Medicine, The University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, United States
| | - Fanhui Kong
- MOE International Joint Research Laboratory on Synthetic Biology and Medicines, School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Jiangfan Cao
- MOE International Joint Research Laboratory on Synthetic Biology and Medicines, School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, United States
| | - Wei Zhu
- MOE International Joint Research Laboratory on Synthetic Biology and Medicines, School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - C Jeffrey Brinker
- Center for Micro-Engineered Materials, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, United States
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4
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Zhao C, Tian S, Liu Q, Xiu K, Lei I, Wang Z, Ma PX. Biodegradable nanofibrous temperature-responsive gelling microspheres for heart regeneration. ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS 2020. [PMID: 33071711 DOI: 10.1002/adfm.201909539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (heart attack) is the number one killer of heart patients. Existing treatments for heart attack do not address the underlying problem of cardiomyocyte (CM) loss and cannot regenerate the myocardium. Introducing exogenous cardiac cells is required for heart regeneration due to the lack of resident progenitor cells and very limited proliferative potential of adult CMs. Poor retention of transplanted cells is the critical bottleneck of heart regeneration. Here, we report the invention of a poly(l-lactic acid)-b-poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(N-Isopropylacrylamide) copolymer and its self-assembly into nanofibrous gelling microspheres (NF-GMS). The NF-GMS undergo thermally responsive transition to form not only a 3D hydrogel after injection in vivo, but also exhibit architectural and structural characteristics mimicking the native extracellular matrix (ECM) of nanofibrous proteins and gelling proteoglycans or polysaccharides. By integrating the ECM-mimicking features, injectable form, and the capability of maintaining 3D geometry after injection, the transplantation of hESC-derived CMs carried by NF-GMS led to a striking 10-fold graft size increase over direct CM injection in an infarcted rat model, which is the highest reported engraftment to date. Furthermore, NF-GMS carried CM transplantation dramatically reduced infarct size, enhanced integration of transplanted CMs, stimulated vascularization in the infarct zone, and led to a substantial recovery of cardiac function. The NF-GMS may also serve as advanced injectable and integrative biomaterials for cell/biomolecule delivery in a variety of biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zhao
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Shuo Tian
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Frankel Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Qihai Liu
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Kemao Xiu
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Ienglam Lei
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Frankel Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Zhong Wang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Frankel Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Peter X Ma
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
- Macromolecular Science and Engineering Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
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5
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Weiss PS. Announcing the 2019 ACS Nano Award Lectures. ACS NANO 2019; 13:933-934. [PMID: 30761906 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b01162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
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6
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Johnston RK, Harper JC, Tartis MS. Control over Silica Particle Growth and Particle-Biomolecule Interactions Facilitates Silica Encapsulation of Mammalian Cells with Thickness Control. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2017; 3:2098-2109. [PMID: 29202010 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.7b00185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Over the last twenty years, many strategies utilizing sol-gel chemistry to integrate biological cells into silica-based materials have been reported. One such strategy, Sol-Generating Chemical Vapor into Liquid (SG-CViL) deposition, shows promise as an efficient encapsulation technique due to the ability to vary the silica encapsulation morphology obtained by this process through variation of SG-CViL reaction conditions. In this report, we develop SG-CViL as a tunable, multi-purpose silica encapsulation strategy by investigating the mechanisms governing both silica particle generation and subsequent interaction with phospholipid assemblies (liposomes and living cells). Using Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) measurements, linear and exponential silica particle growth dynamics were observed which were dependent on deposition buffer ion constituents and ion concentration. Silica particle growth followed a cluster-cluster growth mechanism at acidic pH, and a monomer-cluster growth mechanism at neutral to basic pH. Increasing silica sol aging temperature resulted in higher rates of particle growth and larger particles. DLS measurements employing PEG coated liposomes and cationic liposomes, serving as model phospholipid assemblies, revealed electrostatic interactions promote more stable liposome-silica interactions than hydrogen bonding and facilitate silica coating on suspension cells. However, continued silica reactivity leads to aggregation of silica coated suspensions cells, revealing the need for cell isolation to tune deposited silica thickness. Utilizing these mechanistic study insights, silica was deposited onto adherent HeLa cells under biocompatible conditions with micron scale control over silica thickness, minimal cell manipulation steps, and retained cell viability over several days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert K Johnston
- Department of Materials Engineering, New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology, 801 Leroy Pl, Socorro, New Mexico 87801, United States
| | - Jason C Harper
- Sandia National Laboratories, Bioenergy and Biodefense Technologies, Albuquerque New Mexico 87185, United States
| | - Michaelann S Tartis
- Department of Materials Engineering, New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology, 801 Leroy Pl, Socorro, New Mexico 87801, United States.,Department of Chemical Engineering, New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology, 801 Leroy Pl, Socorro, New Mexico 87801, United States.,Department of Biology, New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology, 801 Leroy Pl, Socorro, New Mexico 87801, United States
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7
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Ahmed NB, Ronsin O, Mouton L, Sicard C, Yéprémian C, Baumberger T, Brayner R, Coradin T. The physics and chemistry of silica-in-silicates nanocomposite hydrogels and their phycocompatibility. J Mater Chem B 2017; 5:2931-2940. [PMID: 32263986 DOI: 10.1039/c7tb00341b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Silicates-in-silica nanocomposite hydrogels obtained from sodium silicates/colloidal silica mixtures have previously been found to be useful for bacterial encapsulation. However the extension of synthesis conditions and the understanding of their impact on the silica matrix would widen the applicability of this process in terms of encapsulated organisms and the host properties. Here the influence of silicates and the colloidal silica concentration as well as pH conditions on the gel time, the optical properties, the structural and mechanical properties of silica matrices was studied. We show that gel formation is driven by silicate condensation but that the aggregation of silica colloids also has a major influence on the transparency and structure of the nanocomposites. Three different photosynthetic organisms, cyanobacteria Anabaena flos-aquae and two microalgae Chorella vulgaris and Euglena gracilis, were used as probes of the phycocompatibility of the process. The three organisms were highly sensitive to the silicate concentration, which impacts both the gelation time and ionic strength conditions. The Ludox content was crucial for cyanobacteria as it strongly impacts the Young's modulus of the matrices. The detrimental effect of acidic pH on cell suspension was compensated by the silica network. Overall, it is now possible to select optimal encapsulation conditions based on the physiology of the targeted cells, opening wide perspectives for the design of biosensors and bioreactors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nada Ben Ahmed
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, Collège de France, UMR 7574, Laboratoire de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Paris, 4 place Jussieu, F-75005 Paris, France.
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8
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Fazal Z, Pelowitz J, Johnson PE, Harper JC, Brinker CJ, Jakobsson E. Three-Dimensional Encapsulation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in Silicate Matrices Creates Distinct Metabolic States as Revealed by Gene Chip Analysis. ACS NANO 2017; 11:3560-3575. [PMID: 28287261 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.6b06385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
In order to design hybrid cellular/synthetic devices such as sensors and vaccines, it is important to understand how the metabolic state of living cells changes upon physical confinement within three-dimensional (3D) matrices. We analyze the gene expression patterns of stationary phase Saccharomyces cerevisiae (S. cerevisiae) cells encapsulated within three distinct nanostructured silica matrices and relate those patterns to known naturally occurring metabolic states. Silica encapsulation methods employed were lipid-templated mesophase silica thin films formed by cell-directed assembly (CDA), lipid-templated mesophase silica particles formed by spray drying (SD), and glycerol-doped silica gel monoliths prepared from an aqueous silicate (AqS+g) precursor solution. It was found that the cells for all three-encapsulated methods enter quiescent states characteristic of response to stress, albeit to different degrees and with differences in detail. By the measure of enrichment of stress-related gene ontology categories, we find that the AqS+g encapsulation is more amenable to the cells than CDA and SD encapsulation. We hypothesize that this differential response in the AqS+g encapsulation is related to four properties of the encapsulating gel: (1) oxygen permeability, (2) relative softness of the material, (3) development of a protective sheath around individual cells (visible in TEM micrographs vide infra), and (4) the presence of glycerol in the gel, which has been previously noted to serve as a protectant for encapsulated cells and can serve as the sole carbon source for S. cerevisiae under aerobic conditions. This work represents a combination of experiment and analysis aimed at the design and development of 3D encapsulation procedures to induce, and perhaps control, well-defined physiological behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeeshan Fazal
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology , Park Road, Tarlai Kalan, Islamabad 45550, Pakistan
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9
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Rosenholm JM, Zhang J, Linden M, Sahlgren C. Mesoporous silica nanoparticles in tissue engineering – a perspective. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2016; 11:391-402. [DOI: 10.2217/nnm.15.212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In this review, we summarize the latest developments and give a perspective on future applications of mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) in regenerative medicine. MSNs constitute a flexible platform for controlled delivery of drugs and imaging agents in tissue engineering and stem cell therapy. We highlight the recent advances in applying MSNs for controlled drug delivery and stem cell tracking. We touch upon novel functions of MSNs in real time imaging of drug release and biological function, and as tools to control the chemical and mechanical environment of stem cells. We discuss the need for novel model systems for studying biofunctionality and biocompatibility of MSNs, and how the interdisciplinary activities within the field will advance biotechnology research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Maria Rosenholm
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Laboratory, Faculty of Science & Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Tykistökatu 6A, FIN-20521, Turku, Finland
| | - Jixi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, No. 174 Shazheng Road, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Mika Linden
- Inorganic Chemistry II, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, D-89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Cecilia Sahlgren
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku & Åbo Akademi University, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Technical University of Eindhoven, 5613 DR Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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10
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Toumi N, Bégu S, Cacciaguerra T, Galarneau A, Azaïs T, Bengueddach A, Renzo FD. Phospholipid–silica mesophases formed in hydroalcoholic solution as precursors of mesoporous silica. NEW J CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5nj03563e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The fusion of lipid bilayers in sponge silica–lecithin composites is favoured by natural cosurfactants-induced local opposite curvatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Toumi
- Institut Charles Gerhardt Montpellier-MACS
- UMR 5253 CNRS-UM-ENSCM
- ENSCM
- 34296 Montpellier
- France
| | - Sylvie Bégu
- Institut Charles Gerhardt Montpellier-MACS
- UMR 5253 CNRS-UM-ENSCM
- ENSCM
- 34296 Montpellier
- France
| | - Thomas Cacciaguerra
- Institut Charles Gerhardt Montpellier-MACS
- UMR 5253 CNRS-UM-ENSCM
- ENSCM
- 34296 Montpellier
- France
| | - Anne Galarneau
- Institut Charles Gerhardt Montpellier-MACS
- UMR 5253 CNRS-UM-ENSCM
- ENSCM
- 34296 Montpellier
- France
| | - Thierry Azaïs
- Sorbonne Universités
- UPMC Univ Paris 06
- CNRS
- Collège de France
- Laboratoire de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Paris
| | - Abdelkader Bengueddach
- Laboratory of Materials Chemistry
- Faculty of Applied and Exact Sciences
- University Oran 1-Ahmed Benbella
- Oran
- Algeria
| | - Francesco Di Renzo
- Institut Charles Gerhardt Montpellier-MACS
- UMR 5253 CNRS-UM-ENSCM
- ENSCM
- 34296 Montpellier
- France
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11
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Savage TJ, Dunphy DR, Harbaugh S, Kelley-Loughnane N, Harper JC, Brinker CJ. Influence of Silica Matrix Composition and Functional Component Additives on the Bioactivity and Viability of Encapsulated Living Cells. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2015; 1:1231-1238. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.5b00261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Travis J. Savage
- Chemical & Biological Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87106, United States
| | - Darren R. Dunphy
- Chemical & Biological Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87106, United States
| | - Svetlana Harbaugh
- Air
Force Research Laboratory, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton, Ohio 45433, United States
| | - Nancy Kelley-Loughnane
- Air
Force Research Laboratory, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton, Ohio 45433, United States
| | | | - C. Jeffrey Brinker
- Chemical & Biological Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87106, United States
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12
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Lou YR, Kanninen L, Kaehr B, Townson JL, Niklander J, Harjumäki R, Jeffrey Brinker C, Yliperttula M. Silica bioreplication preserves three-dimensional spheroid structures of human pluripotent stem cells and HepG2 cells. Sci Rep 2015; 5:13635. [PMID: 26323570 PMCID: PMC4555166 DOI: 10.1038/srep13635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2015] [Accepted: 07/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) cell cultures produce more in vivo-like multicellular structures such as spheroids that cannot be obtained in two-dimensional (2D) cell cultures. Thus, they are increasingly employed as models for cancer and drug research, as well as tissue engineering. It has proven challenging to stabilize spheroid architectures for detailed morphological examination. Here we overcome this issue using a silica bioreplication (SBR) process employed on spheroids formed from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) and hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells cultured in the nanofibrillar cellulose (NFC) hydrogel. The cells in the spheroids are more round and tightly interacting with each other than those in 2D cultures, and they develop microvilli-like structures on the cell membranes as seen in 2D cultures. Furthermore, SBR preserves extracellular matrix-like materials and cellular proteins. These findings provide the first evidence of intact hPSC spheroid architectures and similar fine structures to 2D-cultured cells, providing a pathway to enable our understanding of morphogenesis in 3D cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Ru Lou
- Centre for Drug Research, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, the University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Liisa Kanninen
- Centre for Drug Research, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, the University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Bryan Kaehr
- Advanced Materials Laboratory, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, USA.,Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, the University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, USA
| | - Jason L Townson
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, the University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, USA.,Center for Micro-Engineered Materials, the University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, USA
| | - Johanna Niklander
- Centre for Drug Research, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, the University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Riina Harjumäki
- Centre for Drug Research, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, the University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - C Jeffrey Brinker
- Advanced Materials Laboratory, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, USA.,Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, the University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, USA
| | - Marjo Yliperttula
- Centre for Drug Research, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, the University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
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13
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Johnson PE, Muttil P, MacKenzie D, Carnes EC, Pelowitz J, Mara NA, Mook WM, Jett SD, Dunphy DR, Timmins GS, Brinker CJ. Spray-Dried Multiscale Nano-biocomposites Containing Living Cells. ACS NANO 2015; 9:6961-77. [PMID: 26083188 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5b01139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Three-dimensional encapsulation of cells within nanostructured silica gels or matrices enables applications as diverse as biosensors, microbial fuel cells, artificial organs, and vaccines; it also allows the study of individual cell behaviors. Recent progress has improved the performance and flexibility of cellular encapsulation, yet there remains a need for robust scalable processes. Here, we report a spray-drying process enabling the large-scale production of functional nano-biocomposites (NBCs) containing living cells within ordered 3D lipid-silica nanostructures. The spray-drying process is demonstrated to work with multiple cell types and results in dry powders exhibiting a unique combination of properties including highly ordered 3D nanostructure, extended lipid fluidity, tunable macromorphologies and aerodynamic diameters, and unexpectedly high physical strength. Nanoindentation of the encasing nanostructure revealed a Young's modulus and hardness of 13 and 1.4 GPa, respectively. We hypothesized this high strength would prevent cell growth and force bacteria into viable but not culturable (VBNC) states. In concordance with the VBNC state, cellular ATP levels remained elevated even over eight months. However, their ability to undergo resuscitation and enter growth phase greatly decreased with time in the VBNC state. A quantitative method of determining resuscitation frequencies was developed and showed that, after 36 weeks in a NBC-induced VBNC, less than 1 in 10,000 cells underwent resuscitation. The NBC platform production of large quantities of VBNC cells is of interest for research in bacterial persistence and screening of drugs targeting such cells. NBCs may also enable long-term preservation of living cells for applications in cell-based sensing and the packaging and delivery of live-cell vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Eric C Carnes
- #Advanced Materials Laboratory, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, United States
| | - Jennifer Pelowitz
- #Advanced Materials Laboratory, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, United States
| | | | | | | | | | | | - C Jeffrey Brinker
- #Advanced Materials Laboratory, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, United States
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14
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Johnston R, Rogelj S, Harper JC, Tartis M. Sol-Generating Chemical Vapor into Liquid (SG-CViL) Deposition- A Facile Method for Encapsulation of Diverse Cell Types in Silica Matrices. J Mater Chem B 2015; 3:1032-1041. [PMID: 25688296 DOI: 10.1039/c4tb01349b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In nature, cells perform a variety of complex functions such as sensing, catalysis, and energy conversion which hold great potential for biotechnological device construction. However, cellular sensitivity to ex-vivo environments necessitates development of bio-nano interfaces which allow integration of cells into devices and maintain their desired functionality. In order to develop such an interface, the use of a novel Sol Generating Chemical Vapor into Liquid (SG-CViL) deposition process for whole cell encapsulation in silica was explored. In SG-CViL, the high vapor pressure of tetramethyl orthosilicate (TMOS) is utilized to deliver silica into an aqueous medium, creating a silica sol. Cells are then mixed with the resulting silica sol, facilitating encapsulation of cells in silica while minimizing cell contact with the cytotoxic products of silica generating reactions (i.e. methanol), and reduce exposure of cells to compressive stresses induced from silica condensation reactions. Using SG-CVIL, Saccharomyces cerevisiae (S. cerevisiae) engineered with an inducible beta galactosidase system were encapsulated in silica solids and remained both viable and responsive 29 days post encapsulation. By tuning SG-CViL parameters thin layer silica deposition on mammalian HeLa and U87 human cancer cells was also achieved. The ability to encapsulate various cell types in either a multi cell (S. cerevisiae) or a thin layer (HeLa and U87 cells) fashion shows the promise of SG-CViL as an encapsulation strategy for generating cell-silica constructs with diverse functions for incorporation into devices for sensing, bioelectronics, biocatalysis, and biofuel applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Johnston
- Materials Engineering Department, New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology Socorro NM, 87801
| | - Snezna Rogelj
- Biology Department, New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology Socorro NM, 87801
| | - Jason C Harper
- Bioenergy & Biodefense Technologies Department, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque New Mexico, 87185
| | - Michaelann Tartis
- Materials Engineering Department, New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology Socorro NM, 87801 ; Chemical Engineering Department, New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology Socorro NM, 87801
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15
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Oliver AE. Dry state preservation of nucleated cells: progress and challenges. Biopreserv Biobank 2015; 10:376-85. [PMID: 24849888 DOI: 10.1089/bio.2012.0020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Effective stabilization of nucleated cells for dry storage would be a transformative development in the field of cell-based biosensors and biotechnologic devices, as well as regenerative medicine and other areas in which stem cells have clinical utility. Ultimately, the tremendous promise of cell-based products will only be fully realized when stable long-term storage becomes available without the use of liquid nitrogen and bulky, energetically expensive freezers. Significant progress has been made over the last 10 years toward this goal, but obstacles still remain. Loading cells with the protective disaccharide trehalose has been achieved by several different techniques and has been shown to increase cell survival at low water contents. Likewise, the protective effect of heat shock proteins and other compounds have also been explored alone and in combination with trehalose. In some cases, the benefit of these molecules is seen not initially upon rehydration, but over time during cellular recovery. Other considerations, such as inhibiting apoptosis and utilizing isotonic buffer conditions have also provided stepwise increases in cell viability and function following drying and rehydration. In all these cases, however, a low level of residual water is required to achieve viability after rehydration. The most significant remaining challenge is to protect nucleated cells such that this residual water can be safely removed, thus allowing vitrification of intra- and extracellular trehalose and stable dry state storage at room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann E Oliver
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California , Davis, California
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16
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Materials and surface engineering to control bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation: A review of recent advances. Front Chem Sci Eng 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s11705-014-1412-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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17
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Bio-inspired encapsulation and functionalization of living cells with artificial shells. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2013; 113:483-500. [PMID: 24120320 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2013.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2013] [Revised: 09/11/2013] [Accepted: 09/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
In nature, most single cells do not have structured shells to provide extensive protection apart from diatoms and radiolarians. Fabrication of biomimetic structures based on living cells encapsulated with artificial shells has a great impact on the area of cell-based sensors and devices as well as fundamental studies in cell biology. The past decade has witnessed a rapid increase of research concerning the new fabrication strategies, functionalization and applications of this kind of encapsulated cells. In this review, the latest fabrication strategies on how to encapsulate living cells with functional shells based on the diversity of artificial shells are discussed: hydrogel matrix shells, sol-gel shells, polymeric shells, and induced mineral shells. Classical different types of artificial shells are introduced and their advantages and disadvantages are compared and explained. The biomedical applications of encapsulated cells with particular emphasis on cell implant protection, cell separation, biosensors, cell therapy and tissue engineering are also described and a recap of this review and the future perspectives on these active areas is given finally.
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18
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Gupta G, Iyer S, Leasure K, Virdone N, Dattelbaum AM, Atanassov PB, López GP. Stable and fluid multilayer phospholipid-silica thin films: mimicking active multi-lamellar biological assemblies. ACS NANO 2013; 7:5300-5307. [PMID: 23706112 DOI: 10.1021/nn401123p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Phospholipid-based nanomaterials are of interest in several applications including drug delivery, sensing, energy harvesting, and as model systems in basic research. However, a general challenge in creating functional hybrid biomaterials from phospholipid assemblies is their fragility, instability in air, insolubility in water, and the difficulty of integrating them into useful composites that retain or enhance the properties of interest, therefore limiting there use in integrated devices. We document the synthesis and characterization of highly ordered and stable phospholipid-silica thin films that resemble multilamellar architectures present in nature such as the myelin sheath. We have used a near room temperature chemical vapor deposition method to synthesize these robust functional materials. Highly ordered lipid films are exposed to vapors of silica precursor resulting in the formation of nanostructured hybrid assemblies. This process is simple, scalable, and offers advantages such as exclusion of ethanol and no (or minimal) need for exposure to mineral acids, which are generally required in conventional sol-gel synthesis strategies. The structure of the phospholipid-silica assemblies can be tuned to either lamellar or hexagonal organization depending on the synthesis conditions. The phospholipid-silica films exhibit long-term structural stability in air as well as when placed in aqueous solutions and maintain their fluidity under aqueous or humid conditions. This platform provides a model for robust implementation of phospholipid multilayers and a means toward future applications of functional phospholipid supramolecular assemblies in device integration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gautam Gupta
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Chemical and Nuclear Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, USA
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19
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Wessel AK, Hmelo L, Parsek MR, Whiteley M. Going local: technologies for exploring bacterial microenvironments. Nat Rev Microbiol 2013; 11:337-48. [PMID: 23588251 DOI: 10.1038/nrmicro3010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Microorganisms lead social lives and use coordinated chemical and physical interactions to establish complex communities. Mechanistic insights into these interactions have revealed that there are remarkably intricate systems for coordinating microbial behaviour, but little is known about how these interactions proceed in the spatially organized communities that are found in nature. This Review describes the technologies available for spatially organizing small microbial communities and the analytical methods for characterizing the chemical environment surrounding these communities. Together, these complementary technologies have provided novel insights into the impact of spatial organization on both microbial behaviour and the development of phenotypic heterogeneity within microbial communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aimee K Wessel
- Section of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Institute of Cell and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, 1 University Station, A5000, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
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20
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Michelini E, Cevenini L, Calabretta MM, Spinozzi S, Camborata C, Roda A. Field-deployable whole-cell bioluminescent biosensors: so near and yet so far. Anal Bioanal Chem 2013; 405:6155-63. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-013-7043-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2013] [Revised: 04/26/2013] [Accepted: 05/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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21
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Innocenzi P, Malfatti L. Mesoporous thin films: properties and applications. Chem Soc Rev 2013; 42:4198-216. [PMID: 23396534 DOI: 10.1039/c3cs35377j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 239] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Plinio Innocenzi
- Laboratorio di Scienza dei Materiali e Nanotecnologie (LMNT), D.A.D.U., CR-INSTM, Università di Sassari, Palazzo Pou Salid, Piazza Duomo 6, 07041 Alghero (SS), Italy.
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22
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Blondeau M, Coradin T. Living materials from sol–gel chemistry: current challenges and perspectives. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2jm33647b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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23
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Das S, Powe AM, Baker GA, Valle B, El-Zahab B, Sintim HO, Lowry M, Fakayode SO, McCarroll ME, Patonay G, Li M, Strongin RM, Geng ML, Warner IM. Molecular Fluorescence, Phosphorescence, and Chemiluminescence Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2011; 84:597-625. [DOI: 10.1021/ac202904n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Susmita Das
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
| | - Aleeta M. Powe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40208, United States
| | - Gary A. Baker
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri−Columbia, Columbia, Missouri 65211-7600, United States
| | - Bertha Valle
- Department of Chemistry, Texas Southern University, Houston, Texas 77004, United States
| | - Bilal El-Zahab
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Herman O. Sintim
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Mark Lowry
- Department of Chemistry, Portland State University, Portland, Oregon 97207, United States
| | - Sayo O. Fakayode
- Department of Chemistry, Winston-Salem State University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27110, United States
| | - Matthew E. McCarroll
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois 62901-4409, United States
| | - Gabor Patonay
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30302-4098, United States
| | - Min Li
- Process Development Center, Albemarle Corporation, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70805, United States
| | - Robert M. Strongin
- Department of Chemistry, Portland State University, Portland, Oregon 97207, United States
| | - Maxwell L. Geng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Isiah M. Warner
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
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24
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Baca HK, Carnes EC, Ashley CE, Lopez DM, Douthit C, Karlin S, Brinker CJ. Cell-directed-assembly: directing the formation of nano/bio interfaces and architectures with living cells. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2011; 1810:259-67. [PMID: 20933574 PMCID: PMC3090153 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2010.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2009] [Revised: 09/27/2010] [Accepted: 09/29/2010] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The desire to immobilize, encapsulate, or entrap viable cells for use in a variety of applications has been explored for decades. Traditionally, the approach is to immobilize cells to utilize a specific functionality of the cell in the system. SCOPE OF REVIEW This review describes our recent discovery that living cells can organize extended nanostructures and nano-objects to create a highly biocompatible nano//bio interface [1]. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS We find that short chain phospholipids direct the formation of thin film silica mesophases during evaporation-induced self-assembly (EISA) [2], and that the introduction of cells alter the self-assembly pathway. Cells organize an ordered lipid-membrane that forms a coherent interface with the silica mesophase that is unique in that it withstands drying-yet it maintains accessibility to molecules introduced into the 3D silica host. Cell viability is preserved in the absence of buffer, making these constructs useful as standalone cell-based sensors. In response to hyperosmotic stress, the cells release water, creating a pH gradient which is maintained within the nanostructured host and serves to localize lipids, proteins, plasmids, lipidized nanocrystals, and other components at the cellular surface. This active organization of the bio/nano interface can be accomplished during ink-jet printing or selective wetting-processes allowing patterning of cellular arrays-and even spatially-defined genetic modification. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Recent advances in the understanding of nanotechnology and cell biology encourage the pursuit of more complex endeavors where the dynamic interactions of the cell and host material act symbiotically to obtain new, useful functions. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Nanotechnologies - Emerging Applications in Biomedicine.
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25
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Dunphy DR, Garcia FL, Jiang Z, Strzalka J, Wang J, Brinker CJ. X-Ray characterization of self-assembled long-chain phosphatidylcholine/bile salt/silica mesostructured films with nanoscale homogeneity. Chem Commun (Camb) 2011; 47:1806-8. [PMID: 21135947 DOI: 10.1039/c0cc03919e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Darren R Dunphy
- The University of New Mexico/NSF Center for Micro-Engineered Materials, Chemical and Nuclear Engineering Department, Albuquerque, New Mexico, 87131, USA
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26
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Perullini M, Amoura M, Jobbágy M, Roux C, Livage J, Coradin T, Bilmes SA. Improving bacteria viability in metal oxide hosts via an alginate-based hybrid approach. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c1jm10684h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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