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Yi J, Qin Y, Zhang Y. Synthesis and Self-Assembly of Hyperbranched Multiarm Copolymer Lysozyme Conjugates Based on Light-Induced Metal-Free Atrp. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:nano13061017. [PMID: 36985911 PMCID: PMC10053904 DOI: 10.3390/nano13061017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, the coupling of structurally and functionally controllable polymers with biologically active protein materials to obtain polymer-protein conjugates with excellent overall properties and good biocompatibility has been important research in the field of polymers. In this study, the hyperbranched polymer hP(DEGMA-co-OEGMA) was first prepared by combining self-condensation vinyl polymerization (SCVP) with photo-induced metal-free atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP), with 2-(2-bromo-2-methylpropanoyloxy) ethyl methacrylate (BMA) as inimer, and Di (ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate (DEGMA) and (oligoethylene glycol) methacrylate (OEGMA, Mn = 300) as the copolymer monomer. Then, hP(DEGMA-co-OEGMA) was used as a macroinitiator to continue the polymerization of a segment of pyridyl disulfide ethyl methacrylate (DSMA) monomer to obtain the hyperbranched multiarm copolymers hP(DEGMA-co-OEGMA)-star-PDSMA. Finally, the lysozyme with sulfhydryl groups was affixed to the hyperbranched multiarm copolymers by the exchange reaction between sulfhydryl groups and disulfide bonds to obtain the copolymer protein conjugates hP(DEGMA-co-OEGMA)-star-PLZ. Three hyperbranched multiarm copolymers with relatively close molecular weights but different degrees of branching were prepared, and all three conjugates could self-assemble to form nanoscale vesicle assemblies with narrow dispersion. The biological activity and secondary structure of lysozyme on the assemblies remained essentially unchanged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianguo Yi
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Functional Polymers, Tianjin 300130, China
| | - Yan Qin
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Functional Polymers, Tianjin 300130, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Functional Polymers, Tianjin 300130, China
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2
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Zhou K, Wang L, Wang R, Wang C, Tang C. One Dimensional Twisted Van der Waals Structures Constructed by Self-Assembling Graphene Nanoribbons on Carbon Nanotubes. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:8220. [PMID: 36431705 PMCID: PMC9694707 DOI: 10.3390/ma15228220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Twisted van der Waals heterostructures were recently found to possess unique physical properties, such as superconductivity in magic angle bilayer graphene. Owing to the nonhomogeneous stacking, the energy of twisted van der Waals heterostructures are often higher than their AA or AB stacking counterpart, therefore, fabricating such structures remains a great challenge in experiments. On the other hand, one dimensional (1D) coaxial van der Waals structures has less freedom to undergo phase transition, thus offer opportunity for fabricating the 1D cousin of twisted bilayer graphene. In this work, we show by molecular dynamic simulations that graphene nanoribbons can self-assemble onto the surface of carbon nanotubes driven by van der Waals interactions. By modifying the size of the carbon nanotubes or graphene nanoribbons, the resultant configurations can be controlled. Of particular interest is the formation of twisted double walled carbon nanotubes whose chiral angle difference can be tuned, including the 1.1° magic angle. Upon the longitudinal unzipping of such structures, twisted bilayer graphene nanoribbons can be obtained. As the longitudinal unzipping of carbon nanotubes is a mature technique, we expect the strategy proposed in this study to stimulate experimental efforts and promote the fast growing research in twistronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Zhou
- Faculty of Civil Engineering and Mechanics, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Liya Wang
- Faculty of Civil Engineering and Mechanics, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Ruijie Wang
- Faculty of Civil Engineering and Mechanics, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Chengyuan Wang
- Zienkiewicz Centre for Computational Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Bay Campus, Swansea University, Swansea SA1 8EN, UK
| | - Chun Tang
- Faculty of Civil Engineering and Mechanics, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
- Key Laboratory for Intelligent Nano Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China
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3
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Song B, Cai K, Shi J, Qin QH. Self-assembly for preparing nanotubes from monolayer graphyne ribbons on a carbon nanotube. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 34:045602. [PMID: 36301676 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac9d45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Graphyne nanotube (GNT), as a promising one-dimensional carbon material, attracts extensive attention in recent years. However, the synthesis of GNT is still challenging even in the laboratory. This study reveals the feasibility of fabricating a GNT by self-assembling a monolayer graphyne (GY) ribbon on a carbon nanotube (CNT) via theoretical and numerical analysis. Triggered by the van der Waals force from the CNT, a GY ribbon near the tube first winds upon the tube and then conditionally self-assembles to form a GNT. The self-assembly process and result are heavily influenced by the ambient temperature, which indicates the thermal vibration of the nanosystem. Molecular dynamic simulation results address the temperature range conducive to successful self-assembly. Different types of GNTs, e.g.α-,β-, andγ-GNTs with specified chirality (armchair, zigzag, and chiral), length, and radius, can be obtained via self-assembly by controlling the geometry of the GY ribbons and temperature. The present theoretical understanding is helpful for fabricating GNTs with predefined morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Song
- Institute of Advanced Structure Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Kun Cai
- School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiao Shi
- College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing-Hua Qin
- Department of Materials Science, Shenzhen MSU-BIT University, Shenzhen 518172, People's Republic of China
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4
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Rehak P, Král P. Hybridization of Biomolecular Crystals and Low-Dimensional Materials. ACS NANO 2021; 15:6678-6683. [PMID: 33818078 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c10027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In cellular environments, metabolites, peptides, proteins, and other biomolecules can self-assemble into planar and fibrilar molecular crystals. We use atomistic molecular dynamics simulations to show that such biomolecular crystals coupled with low-dimensional materials can form stable hybrid superstructures. We discuss enantiopure and racemic TRP and PHE amino acid crystals adsorbed on or intercalated between graphene, phosphorene, and carbon nanotubes. While racemic biomolecular crystals tend to stay straight in solutions and when adsorbed on flat and cylindrical nanosurfaces, enantiopure crystals undergo twisting. Mixed material properties of these hybrid superstructures can be attractive in many applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Rehak
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
| | - Petr Král
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
- Departments of Physics, Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Chemical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
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5
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Han Y, Langer M, Medved’ M, Otyepka M, Král P. Stretch‐Healable Molecular Nanofibers. ADVANCED THEORY AND SIMULATIONS 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adts.202000094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanxiao Han
- Department of Chemistry University of Illinois at Chicago Chicago IL 60607 USA
| | - Michal Langer
- Department of Chemistry University of Illinois at Chicago Chicago IL 60607 USA
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials Department of Physical Chemistry Faculty of Science Palacký University Olomouc tř. 17. listopadu 1192/12 771 46 Olomouc Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Medved’
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials Department of Physical Chemistry Faculty of Science Palacký University Olomouc tř. 17. listopadu 1192/12 771 46 Olomouc Czech Republic
| | - Michal Otyepka
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials Department of Physical Chemistry Faculty of Science Palacký University Olomouc tř. 17. listopadu 1192/12 771 46 Olomouc Czech Republic
| | - Petr Král
- Department of Chemistry University of Illinois at Chicago Chicago IL 60607 USA
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Chen J, Dai F, Zhang L, Xu J, Liu W, Zeng S, Xu C, Chen L, Dai C. Molecular insights into the dispersion stability of graphene oxide in mixed solvents: Theoretical simulations and experimental verification. J Colloid Interface Sci 2020; 571:109-117. [PMID: 32192935 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2020.03.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS Improving the dispersion stability of graphene oxide (GO) suspensions is of great importance in many potential applications of GO, such as GO-based laminated membranes used for separation, printable electronics, and aqueous liquid crystals. EXPERIMENTS Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and quantum chemistry (QC) calculations along with complementary experiments were performed to study the dispersion stability of GO in the mixtures of water and polar organic solvents (dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), ethanol, and acetone). FINDINGS GO exhibits better dispersion stability in a solvent mixture than in pure water. The MD simulations uncover the underlying mechanism that mixed solvent layers are formed steadily on the surface of GO sheets and screen the interactions between them. QC calculations reveal that both DMSO and water form hydrogen bonds with the oxidized regions of GO. X-ray diffraction experiments confirm that the GO sheets are intercalated by DMSO and water molecules. Furthermore, the optimal ratio of the organic solvent to water is determined to achieve the best dispersion stability of GO through MD simulations. And such ratio is also verified by ultraviolet absorption spectral experiments. Thus, our findings provide a facile method to prepare GO suspensions with high dispersion stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junlang Chen
- Department of Optical Engineering, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an 311300, China.
| | - Fangfang Dai
- Department of Optical Engineering, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an 311300, China.
| | - Lingling Zhang
- Department of Optical Engineering, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an 311300, China.
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Optical Engineering, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an 311300, China.
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Optical Engineering, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an 311300, China.
| | - Songwei Zeng
- School of Information and Industry, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an 311300, China.
| | - Can Xu
- Key Lab for Magnetism and Magnetic Materials of MOE, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Liang Chen
- Department of Optical Engineering, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an 311300, China.
| | - Chaoqing Dai
- Department of Optical Engineering, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an 311300, China.
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Fu H, Zhao X, Lu W, Tian H, Xu S, Li Y. Nanoparticle induced limitless spiral of polyacetylene isomers. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 30:365602. [PMID: 31100743 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ab2250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Helical nanomaterials represent an emerging group of nanostructures because of their multiple functionalities enabled by unique spiral geometry and nanoscale dimensions. This study demonstrates that several trans-transoid polyacetylene (Tt-PA) chains can self-spiral limitlessly over the whole length of polymers to form regular multiple helices under the inducement of water cluster, fullerene ball and metallic nanoparticles (NPs). Multi-helices possess random chirality selection which have equal probability of left-handedness and right-handedness. Energy components, geometric parameters and differences of helices induced by different NPs are analyzed to deeply probe the possible mechanism and the nature of the limitless spiral of the PA polymer. Furthermore, the helical self-assembly of cis-formed cis-transoid (Ct-PA) and trans-cisoid (Tc-PA) isomers is further studied. The spiral ability of Ct-PA is much higher, but Tc-PA is much lower than that of Tt-PA. Remarkably, Tc-PAs are always form five-helix at room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjin Fu
- School of Mechanical & Vehicle Engineering, Linyi University, Linyi, Shandong 276000, People's Republic of China
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8
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Shen X, Li B, Pan T, Wu J, Wang Y, Shang J, Ge Y, Jin L, Qi Z. Self-assembly behaviors of perylene- and naphthalene-crown macrocycle conjugates in aqueous medium. Beilstein J Org Chem 2019; 15:1203-1209. [PMID: 31293667 PMCID: PMC6604709 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.15.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The synthesis of conjugates of perylene diimide (PDI) and naphthalene diimide (NDI) modified with two benzo-21-crown-7 ethers (B21C7) are herein described. Their self-assembly behavior in various solvents was investigated particularly in aqueous medium, due to the recently discovered hydrophilic properties of B21C7 crown macrocycle. An unexpected fluorescence quenching phenomenon was observed in the PDI-B21C7 macrocycle conjugate in chloroform. The detailed UV-vis absorption and fluorescence spectra of these PDI/NDI derivatives in different solvents as well as their morphologies were investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Shen
- Sino-German Joint Research Lab for Space Biomaterials and Translational Technology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710072, P. R. China
| | - Bo Li
- Sino-German Joint Research Lab for Space Biomaterials and Translational Technology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710072, P. R. China
| | - Tiezheng Pan
- Sino-German Joint Research Lab for Space Biomaterials and Translational Technology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710072, P. R. China
| | - Jianfeng Wu
- Sino-German Joint Research Lab for Space Biomaterials and Translational Technology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710072, P. R. China
| | - Yangxin Wang
- Sino-German Joint Research Lab for Space Biomaterials and Translational Technology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710072, P. R. China
| | - Jie Shang
- Sino-German Joint Research Lab for Space Biomaterials and Translational Technology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710072, P. R. China
| | - Yan Ge
- Sino-German Joint Research Lab for Space Biomaterials and Translational Technology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710072, P. R. China
| | - Lin Jin
- Sino-German Joint Research Lab for Space Biomaterials and Translational Technology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710072, P. R. China
| | - Zhenhui Qi
- Sino-German Joint Research Lab for Space Biomaterials and Translational Technology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710072, P. R. China
- Institute of Biomedical Materials & Engineering (IBME), Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710072, P. R. China
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9
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Deshmukh G, Krishnamoorthy K. Conversion of curved assemblies into two dimensional sheets. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:5732-5736. [PMID: 30865738 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr09915d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The design and preparation of organic two dimensional (O2D) sheets and their conversion to curved nanostructures is in its infancy. To convert a flat structure into a curved structure, the molecule must have multiple interaction possibilities and an in-built twist. The conjugated small molecule iso-Indigo (i-Indigo) comprises two phenyl rings that are twisted (the dihedral angle is 15°) at the junction. The i-Indigo has been connected with moieties that impart hydrogen bonding and van der Waals interactions. Due to the presence of the π cloud in i-Indigo, π-π interactions are also present in the molecule. While all three interactions are in operation, rings and toroids are formed. Upon addition of hydrogen bonding competing solvents, the rings and toroids unravel to form O2D sheets. Control molecules that don't have hydrogen bonding moieties and π-π interactions form random assemblies. Please note that the rings, toroids and O2D sheets are formed in a single solvent by simple dissolution, unlike previous approaches that involve multiple steps and solvents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunvant Deshmukh
- Polymers and Advanced Materials Laboratory, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune 411008, India.
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10
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Wang Y, Jiang C, Chen Q, Zhou Q, Wang H, Wan J, Ma L, Wang J. Highly Promoted Carrier Mobility and Intrinsic Stability by Rolling Up Monolayer Black Phosphorus into Nanoscrolls. J Phys Chem Lett 2018; 9:6847-6852. [PMID: 30449107 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b02913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Rolling up two-dimensional (2D) materials into nanoscrolls could not only retain the excellent properties of their 2D hosts but also display intriguing physical and chemical properties that arise from their 1D tubular structures. Here, we report a new class of black phosphorus nanoscrolls (bPNSs), which are stable at room-temperature and energetically more favorable than 2D bP. Most strikingly, these bPNSs hold tunable direct band gaps and extremely high mobilities (e.g., the mobility of the double-layer bPNS is about 20-fold higher than that of 2D bP monolayer). Their unique self-encapsulation structure and layer-dependent conduction band minimum can largely prevent the entrance of O2 and the production of O2- and thereby suppress the possible environmental degradation as well. The enhanced intrinsic stability and promoted electronic properties render bPNSs great promise in many advanced electronics or optoelectronics applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yitian Wang
- School of Physics , Southeast University , Nanjing 211189 , China
| | - Chenghuan Jiang
- School of Physics , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093 , China
| | - Qian Chen
- School of Physics , Southeast University , Nanjing 211189 , China
| | - Qionghua Zhou
- School of Physics , Southeast University , Nanjing 211189 , China
| | - Haowei Wang
- Mechanical Engineering Department , California State University Fullerton , Fullerton , California 92831 , United States
| | - Jianguo Wan
- School of Physics , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093 , China
| | - Liang Ma
- School of Physics , Southeast University , Nanjing 211189 , China
| | - Jinlan Wang
- School of Physics , Southeast University , Nanjing 211189 , China
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11
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Sun ZF, Ren PG, Zhang ZW, Ren F. Synergistic effects of conductive carbon nanofillers based on the ultrahigh-molecular-weight polyethylene with uniform and segregated structures. J Appl Polym Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/app.47317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Feng Sun
- Faculty of Printing, Packaging Engineering and Digital Media Technology; Xi'an University of Technology; Xi'an China
| | - Peng-Gang Ren
- Faculty of Printing, Packaging Engineering and Digital Media Technology; Xi'an University of Technology; Xi'an China
| | - Zheng-Wei Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Chemistry of Arid Zones; The Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics & Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Urumqi 830011 China
| | - Fang Ren
- Faculty of Printing, Packaging Engineering and Digital Media Technology; Xi'an University of Technology; Xi'an China
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12
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Beyene AG, Alizadehmojarad AA, Dorlhiac G, Goh N, Streets AM, Král P, Vuković L, Landry MP. Ultralarge Modulation of Fluorescence by Neuromodulators in Carbon Nanotubes Functionalized with Self-Assembled Oligonucleotide Rings. NANO LETTERS 2018; 18:6995-7003. [PMID: 30350638 PMCID: PMC6771428 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b02937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Noncovalent interactions between single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) oligonucleotides and single wall carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) have provided a unique class of tunable chemistries for a variety of applications. However, mechanistic insight into both the photophysical and intermolecular phenomena underlying their utility is lacking, which results in obligate heuristic approaches for producing ssDNA-SWNT based technologies. In this work, we present an ultrasensitive "turn-on" nanosensor for neuromodulators dopamine and norepinephrine with strong relative change in fluorescence intensity (Δ F/ F0) of up to 3500%, a signal appropriate for in vivo neuroimaging, and uncover the photophysical principles and intermolecular interactions that govern the molecular recognition and fluorescence modulation of this nanosensor synthesized from the spontaneous self-assembly of (GT)6 ssDNA rings on SWNTs. The fluorescence modulation of the ssDNA-SWNT conjugate is shown to exhibit remarkable sensitivity to the ssDNA sequence chemistry, length, and surface density, providing a set of parameters with which to tune nanosensor dynamic range, analyte selectivity and strength of fluorescence turn-on. We employ classical and quantum mechanical molecular dynamics simulations to rationalize our experimental findings. Calculations show that (GT)6 ssDNA form ordered rings around (9,4) SWNTs, inducing periodic surface potentials that modulate exciton recombination lifetimes. Further evidence is presented to elucidate how dopamine analyte binding modulates SWNT fluorescence. We discuss the implications of our findings for SWNT-based molecular imaging applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abraham G. Beyene
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Ali A. Alizadehmojarad
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968
| | - Gabriel Dorlhiac
- Berkeley Biophysics Program, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Natalie Goh
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Aaron M. Streets
- Berkeley Biophysics Program, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720
- Chan-Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA 94158
| | - Petr Král
- Department of Chemistry, Physics, and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 79968
| | - Lela Vuković
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968
| | - Markita P. Landry
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720
- Chan-Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA 94158
- California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences (qb3), University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720
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13
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Gade HM, Wanjari PP, Velpuri SVV. Water-mediated curvature change in graphene by single-walled carbon nanotubes. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:22359-22367. [PMID: 30128465 DOI: 10.1039/c8cp02394h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Novel nanostructured materials possessing new architectural segments can be synthesized using various combinations of graphene and carbon nanotubes (CNT) that can result in the generation of enhanced physico-chemical properties within the hybrids. Comprehending the various physical processes involved in the creation of these new segments is crucial for designing an optimized nanomaterial for a specific purpose. In this paper we report induced folding in a graphene sheet resulting from the physical interactions between water-mediated graphene and a CNT. Owing to robust binding interactions between the CNT and a compatible graphene sheet, the latter forms a second domed layer around the former culminating in a structure equivalent to a double-walled CNT. The induced curvature change in graphene by CNT was found to have a strong dependence upon their relative physical dimensions. For example, CNT possessing extremely small diameters are unable to induce any significant curvature changes in longer graphene sheets. The potential-of-mean force (PMF) between our reference graphene and CNT in water suggests a favorable binding interaction of -14.5 kcal mol-1. The breakdown of the PMF into direct graphene-nanotube interactions and water-mediated interactions reveals a huge reduction in the strongly attractive binding interactions between graphene and CNT by the water molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hrushikesh M Gade
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology (VNIT), Nagpur, Maharashtra 440010, India.
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14
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Zhang Y, Zhang L, Zhang G, Li H. Naturally Dried Graphene-Based Nanocomposite Aerogels with Exceptional Elasticity and High Electrical Conductivity. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:21565-21572. [PMID: 29864278 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b04689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Materials combining high porosity, mechanical durability, and multifunctionality have drawn significant research interest because of their potential in engineering applications. Herein, the porous air-dried nanocomposite aerogels containing reduced graphene oxide (RGO) and chitosan (CS) are fabricated by self-assembling an aqueous dispersion of graphene oxide and chitosan with the addition of hydroiodic acid (HI) followed by recasting the hybrid hydrogel with an ice-template method. The strong cross-linked composite aerogels obtained have reversible compressibility, exceptional elasticity, and high electrical conductivity, which are derived from the restacking inhibition and steric hindrance of the polymer chains. What's more, the successive soaking-drying experiments indicate that the as-prepared graphene-based aerogels exhibit excellent environmental stability and reuseability. The regenerated electrical conductivity remains almost the same and more than 90% of its maximum compressive stress at a strain of up to 92% is retained after five cycles. This makes them ideal candidates for potential applications in areas of supercapacitors and energy storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqian Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Beijing Institute of Technology , Beijing , 100081 P.R. China
| | - Li Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Beijing Institute of Technology , Beijing , 100081 P.R. China
| | - Gongzheng Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Beijing Institute of Technology , Beijing , 100081 P.R. China
| | - Huanjun Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Beijing Institute of Technology , Beijing , 100081 P.R. China
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15
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Bramini M, Alberini G, Colombo E, Chiacchiaretta M, DiFrancesco ML, Maya-Vetencourt JF, Maragliano L, Benfenati F, Cesca F. Interfacing Graphene-Based Materials With Neural Cells. Front Syst Neurosci 2018; 12:12. [PMID: 29695956 PMCID: PMC5904258 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2018.00012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The scientific community has witnessed an exponential increase in the applications of graphene and graphene-based materials in a wide range of fields, from engineering to electronics to biotechnologies and biomedical applications. For what concerns neuroscience, the interest raised by these materials is two-fold. On one side, nanosheets made of graphene or graphene derivatives (graphene oxide, or its reduced form) can be used as carriers for drug delivery. Here, an important aspect is to evaluate their toxicity, which strongly depends on flake composition, chemical functionalization and dimensions. On the other side, graphene can be exploited as a substrate for tissue engineering. In this case, conductivity is probably the most relevant amongst the various properties of the different graphene materials, as it may allow to instruct and interrogate neural networks, as well as to drive neural growth and differentiation, which holds a great potential in regenerative medicine. In this review, we try to give a comprehensive view of the accomplishments and new challenges of the field, as well as which in our view are the most exciting directions to take in the immediate future. These include the need to engineer multifunctional nanoparticles (NPs) able to cross the blood-brain-barrier to reach neural cells, and to achieve on-demand delivery of specific drugs. We describe the state-of-the-art in the use of graphene materials to engineer three-dimensional scaffolds to drive neuronal growth and regeneration in vivo, and the possibility of using graphene as a component of hybrid composites/multi-layer organic electronics devices. Last but not least, we address the need of an accurate theoretical modeling of the interface between graphene and biological material, by modeling the interaction of graphene with proteins and cell membranes at the nanoscale, and describing the physical mechanism(s) of charge transfer by which the various graphene materials can influence the excitability and physiology of neural cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Bramini
- Center for Synaptic Neuroscience and Technology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova, Italy.,Graphene Labs, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova, Italy
| | - Giulio Alberini
- Center for Synaptic Neuroscience and Technology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova, Italy.,Department of Experimental Medicine, Università degli Studi di Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Colombo
- Center for Synaptic Neuroscience and Technology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova, Italy.,Graphene Labs, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova, Italy
| | - Martina Chiacchiaretta
- Center for Synaptic Neuroscience and Technology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova, Italy.,Department of Experimental Medicine, Università degli Studi di Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Mattia L DiFrancesco
- Center for Synaptic Neuroscience and Technology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova, Italy.,Graphene Labs, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova, Italy
| | - José F Maya-Vetencourt
- Center for Synaptic Neuroscience and Technology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova, Italy
| | - Luca Maragliano
- Center for Synaptic Neuroscience and Technology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova, Italy
| | - Fabio Benfenati
- Center for Synaptic Neuroscience and Technology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova, Italy.,Graphene Labs, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova, Italy.,Department of Experimental Medicine, Università degli Studi di Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Fabrizia Cesca
- Center for Synaptic Neuroscience and Technology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova, Italy.,Graphene Labs, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova, Italy
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16
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Chen Z, Wang J, Pan D, Wang Y, Noetzel R, Li H, Xie P, Pei W, Umar A, Jiang L, Li N, Rooij NFD, Zhou G. Mimicking a Dog's Nose: Scrolling Graphene Nanosheets. ACS NANO 2018; 12:2521-2530. [PMID: 29512386 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b08294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Inspired by the densely covered capillary structure inside a dog's nose, we report an artificial nanostructure, i. e., poly(sodium p-styrenesulfonate)-functionalized reduced graphene oxide nanoscrolls (PGNS), with high structural perfection and efficient gas sensing applications. A facile supramolecular assembly is introduced to functionalize graphene with the functional polymer, combined with the lyophilization technique to massively transform the planar graphene-based nanosheets to nanoscrolls. Detailed characterizations reveal that the bioinspired nanoscrolls exhibit a wide-open tubular morphology with uniform dimensions that is structurally distinct from the previously reported ones. The detailed morphologies of the graphene-based nanosheets in each scrolling stage during lyophilization are monitored by cryo-SEM. This unravels an asymmetric polymer-induced graphene scrolling mechanism including the corresponding scrolling process, which is directly presented by molecular dynamics simulations. The fabricated PGNS sensors exhibit superior gas sensing performance with reliable repeatability, excellent linear sensibility, and, especially, an ultrahigh response ( Ra/ Rg = 5.39, 10 ppm) toward NO2. The supramolecular assembly combined with the lyophilization technique to fabricate PGNS provides a strategy to design biomimetic materials for gas sensors and chemical trace detectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Chen
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry , Beihang University , Beijing 100191 , People's Republic of China
| | - Jinrong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry , Beihang University , Beijing 100191 , People's Republic of China
| | - Douxing Pan
- Institute of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changzhou 213164 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry , Beihang University , Beijing 100191 , People's Republic of China
- National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics , South China Normal University , Guangzhou 510006 , People's Republic of China
| | - Richard Noetzel
- National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics , South China Normal University , Guangzhou 510006 , People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Li
- National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics , South China Normal University , Guangzhou 510006 , People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Xie
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry , Beihang University , Beijing 100191 , People's Republic of China
| | - Wenle Pei
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry , Beihang University , Beijing 100191 , People's Republic of China
| | - Ahmad Umar
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Arts and Promising Centre for Sensors and Electronic Devices , Najran University , Najran 11001 , Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Lei Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry , Beihang University , Beijing 100191 , People's Republic of China
| | - Nan Li
- Shenzhen Guohua Optoelectronics Tech. Co. Ltd. , Shenzhen 518110 , People's Republic of China
| | - Nicolaas Frans de Rooij
- Shenzhen Guohua Optoelectronics Tech. Co. Ltd. , Shenzhen 518110 , People's Republic of China
- Academy of Shenzhen Guohua Optoelectronics , Shenzhen 518110 , People's Republic of China
| | - Guofu Zhou
- National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics , South China Normal University , Guangzhou 510006 , People's Republic of China
- Shenzhen Guohua Optoelectronics Tech. Co. Ltd. , Shenzhen 518110 , People's Republic of China
- Academy of Shenzhen Guohua Optoelectronics , Shenzhen 518110 , People's Republic of China
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17
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Shi J, Cai K, Liu LN, Qin QH. Self-assembly of a parallelogram black phosphorus ribbon into a nanotube. Sci Rep 2017; 7:12951. [PMID: 29021542 PMCID: PMC5636844 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-13328-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
A nanotube from single-layer black phosphorus (BP) has never been discovered in experiments. The present study proposed a method for the fabrication of a BP nanotube (BPNT) from a parallelogram nanoribbon self-assembled on a carbon nanotube (CNT). The nanoribbon has a pair of opposite sides along the third principal direction. According to the numerical simulation via molecular dynamics approach, we discover that a wider BP nanoribbon can form into a series of chiral nanotube by self-assembly upon CNTs with different radii. The radius of a BPNT from the same ribbon has a wide range, and depends on both geometry of the ribbon and the CNT. One can obtain a BPNT with the specified radius by placing the ribbon nearby a given CNT. The method provides a clue for potential fabrication of BPNTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Shi
- College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Kun Cai
- College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China.
- Research School of Engineering, the Australian National University, ACT, Canberra, 2601, Australia.
| | - Ling-Nan Liu
- College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Qing-Hua Qin
- Research School of Engineering, the Australian National University, ACT, Canberra, 2601, Australia.
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18
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Xu W, Qin Z, Chen CT, Kwag HR, Ma Q, Sarkar A, Buehler MJ, Gracias DH. Ultrathin thermoresponsive self-folding 3D graphene. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2017; 3:e1701084. [PMID: 28989963 PMCID: PMC5630237 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1701084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Graphene and other two-dimensional materials have unique physical and chemical properties of broad relevance. It has been suggested that the transformation of these atomically planar materials to three-dimensional (3D) geometries by bending, wrinkling, or folding could significantly alter their properties and lead to novel structures and devices with compact form factors, but strategies to enable this shape change remain limited. We report a benign thermally responsive method to fold and unfold monolayer graphene into predesigned, ordered 3D structures. The methodology involves the surface functionalization of monolayer graphene using ultrathin noncovalently bonded mussel-inspired polydopamine and thermoresponsive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) brushes. The functionalized graphene is micropatterned and self-folds into ordered 3D structures with reversible deformation under a full control by temperature. The structures are characterized using spectroscopy and microscopy, and self-folding is rationalized using a multiscale molecular dynamics model. Our work demonstrates the potential to design and fabricate ordered 3D graphene structures with predictable shape and dynamics. We highlight applicability by encapsulating live cells and creating nonlinear resistor and creased transistor devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weinan Xu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Zhao Qin
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Chun-Teh Chen
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Hye Rin Kwag
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Qinli Ma
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Anjishnu Sarkar
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Markus J. Buehler
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - David H. Gracias
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
- Corresponding author.
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19
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Cai K, Shi J, Liu LN, Qin QH. Self-assembly of a nanotube from a black phosphorus nanoribbon on a string of fullerenes at low temperature. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:24009-24017. [PMID: 28832039 DOI: 10.1039/c7cp04427e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A string of fullerenes is used for generating a nanotube by self-assembly of a black phosphorus (BP) nanoribbon at a temperature of 8 K. Among the fullerenes in the string, there are at least two fixed fullerenes placed along the edge of the BP ribbon for keeping its configuration stability during winding. By way of molecular dynamics simulations, it is found that successful generation of a BP nanotube depends on the bending stiffness of the ribbon and the attraction between the fullerenes and the ribbon. When the attraction is strong enough, the two edges (along the zigzag direction) of the BP ribbon will be able to bond covalently to form a nanotube. By the molecular dynamics approach, the maximum width of the BP ribbon capable of forming a nanotube with a perfect length is investigated in three typical models. The maximum width of the BP ribbon becomes larger with the string containing more fullerenes. This finding reveals a way to control the width of the BP ribbon which forms a nanotube. It provides guidance for fabricating a BP nanotube with a specified length, the same as to the width of the ribbon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Cai
- College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
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20
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Chen Y, Wang Y, Peng J, Xu Q, Weng J, Xu J. Assembly of Ultrathin Gold Nanowires: From Polymer Analogue to Colloidal Block. ACS NANO 2017; 11:2756-2763. [PMID: 28263571 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.6b07777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Ultrathin nanowires (NWs) are considered to be ideal building blocks for the assembly of complex nanostructures toward future nanodevices. The polymer/particle duality of ultrathin NWs plays an important role in the study of solution phase self-assembly behavior of ultrathin NWs; yet it has not been fully exploited. Herein, we demonstrate the effects of the polymer/particle duality of ultrathin NWs on the morphologies of assembled complex nanostructures. The length of ultrathin AuNWs directly correlates with the flexibility of NWs and affects the polymer-like assembly of NWs, while the concentration of surfactants determines interfacial tension and ligand-solvent interactions and affects both polymer-like and colloidal assembly of NWs. By fine-tuning these two factors, ultrathin AuNWs can swing between "soft" and "hard" building blocks, and highly uniform nanorings, nanograins, nanobundles, and superlattice-like nanospheres are obtained. The different assembly behavior of long and short NWs can be considered as two components to construct anisotropic complex nanostructures, in analogy with the fabrication of polymer-inorganic nanoparticle hybrid nanostructures. We synthesized anisotropic structures of Au nanodiamond rings and nanonecklaces by the coassembly of polymer-like long NWs with particle-like short NWs or Au nanoparticles. This strategy could potentially be extended to the organization of anisotropic complex nanostructures with other ultrathin NW systems in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Chen
- Department of Biomaterials, College of Materials, Xiamen University , Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Yawen Wang
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University , Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Jian Peng
- Department of Biomaterials, College of Materials, Xiamen University , Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Qingchi Xu
- Department of Physics, Research Institute for Biomimetics and Soft Matter, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Soft Functional Materials, Xiamen University , Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Jian Weng
- Department of Biomaterials, College of Materials, Xiamen University , Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Jun Xu
- Department of Physics, Research Institute for Biomimetics and Soft Matter, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Soft Functional Materials, Xiamen University , Xiamen, 361005, China
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21
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Electrohydrodynamic-assisted Assembly of Hierarchically Structured, 3D Crumpled Nanostructures for Efficient Solar Conversions. Sci Rep 2016; 6:38701. [PMID: 27924857 PMCID: PMC5141446 DOI: 10.1038/srep38701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The tantalizing prospect of harnessing the unique properties of graphene crumpled nanostructures continues to fuel tremendous interest in energy storage and harvesting applications. However, the paper ball-like, hard texture, and closed-sphere morphology of current 3D graphitic nanostructure production not only constricts the conductive pathways but also limits the accessible surface area. Here, we report new insights into electrohydrodynamically-generated droplets as colloidal nanoreactors in that the stimuli-responsive nature of reduced graphene oxide can lead to the formation of crumpled nanostructures with a combination of open structures and doubly curved, saddle-shaped edges. In particular, the crumpled nanostructures dynamically adapt to non-spherical, polyhedral shapes under continuous deposition, ultimately assembling into foam-like microstructures with a highly accessible surface area and spatially interconnected transport pathways. The implementation of such crumpled nanostructures as three-dimensional rear contacts for solar conversion applications realize benefits of a high aspect ratio, electrically addressable and energetically favorable interfaces, and substantial enhancement of both short-circuit currents and fill-factors compared to those made of planar graphene counterparts. Further, the 3D crumpled nanostructures may shed lights onto the development of effective electrocatalytic electrodes due to their open structure that simultaneously allows for efficient water flow and hydrogen escape.
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22
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Xu J, Zhang Y, Wang T, Zheng X, Li W, Dong Z, Wang W. Molecular dynamics simulations of the morphology transformations in unzipped carbon nanotubes. Chem Phys Lett 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2016.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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23
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Fu H, Xu S, Li Y. Nanohelices from planar polymer self-assembled in carbon nanotubes. Sci Rep 2016; 6:30310. [PMID: 27440493 PMCID: PMC4954971 DOI: 10.1038/srep30310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The polymer possessing with planar structure can be activated and guided to encapsulate the inner space of SWNT and form a helix through van der Waals interaction and the π-π stacking effect between the polymer and the inner surface of SWNT. The SWNT size, the nanostructure and flexibility of polymer chain are all determine the final structures. The basic interaction between the polymer and the nanotubes is investigated, and the condition and mechanism of the helix-forming are explained particularly. Hybrid polymers improve the ability of the helix formation. This study provides scientific basis for fabricating helical polymers encapsulated in SWNTs and eventually on their applications in various areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjin Fu
- College of Mechanical Engineering, Linyi University, Linyi, Shandong 276005, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuqiong Xu
- College of Mechanical Engineering, Linyi University, Linyi, Shandong 276005, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yunfang Li
- College of Mechanical Engineering, Linyi University, Linyi, Shandong 276005, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, People’s Republic of China
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24
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25
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Pykal M, Jurečka P, Karlický F, Otyepka M. Modelling of graphene functionalization. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:6351-72. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp03599f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
This perspective describes the available theoretical methods and models for simulating graphene functionalization based on quantum and classical mechanics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Pykal
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials
- Department of Physical Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Palacký University Olomouc
- 771 46 Olomouc
| | - Petr Jurečka
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials
- Department of Physical Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Palacký University Olomouc
- 771 46 Olomouc
| | - František Karlický
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials
- Department of Physical Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Palacký University Olomouc
- 771 46 Olomouc
| | - Michal Otyepka
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials
- Department of Physical Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Palacký University Olomouc
- 771 46 Olomouc
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26
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Zhao X, Zhong L, Li Y, Xu S, Fu H, Lu Z, Zhang D. Defect enabled formation of multilayered funnel from isolated graphene nanoring. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:31323-31329. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp06739e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Molecular dynamics simulations demonstrate that the cut defect can induce and guide the self-assembly of an isolated graphene nanoring (GNR) to form multi-layered funnel morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolin Zhao
- School of Mechanical & Vehicle Engineering
- Linyi University
- Linyi
- China
- Key Laboratory for Liquid–Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials
| | - Lijie Zhong
- College of Civil Engineering
- Qingdao Technological University
- Qingdao
- China
| | - Yunfang Li
- School of Mechanical & Vehicle Engineering
- Linyi University
- Linyi
- China
- Key Laboratory for Liquid–Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials
| | - Shuqiong Xu
- School of Mechanical & Vehicle Engineering
- Linyi University
- Linyi
- China
| | - Hongjin Fu
- School of Mechanical & Vehicle Engineering
- Linyi University
- Linyi
- China
| | - Zhaoxin Lu
- School of Mechanical & Vehicle Engineering
- Linyi University
- Linyi
- China
| | - Danhui Zhang
- School of Mechanical & Vehicle Engineering
- Linyi University
- Linyi
- China
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27
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Li Z, Wang P, Ma Y, Zhang J, Dai C, Yan Y, Liu B. Tuning the self-assembly of surfactants by the confinement of carbon nanotube arrays: a cornucopia of lamellar phase variants. NANOSCALE 2015; 7:6069-6074. [PMID: 25766304 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr00103j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Tuning the self-assembly of building blocks to obtain a kaleidoscope of nanostructures is very important and challenging for the preparation of advanced nanomaterials. Amphiphiles confined within carbon nanotube (CNT) arrays can self-assemble into complex structures that maintain the "bilayer" characteristic of a lamellar phase, we call them "lamellar phase variants (LPVs)". In this work, we carried out coarse-grained molecular dynamics (MD) studies to uncover novel LPVs. By varying the pattern of a CNT array, we obtained the "bilayer tube (BT) series", which contains circular, hexagonal, octagonal, and elliptical nanotubes. Furthermore, by introducing dislocation to CNT arrays, we obtained the "bilayer scroll (BS) series" that contains polymorphic nano-scrolls. These nanostructures are very novel and intriguing. To gain insights into the formation of LPVs, we studied the morphology evolution, which was demonstrated to be an unfamiliar "successive self-assembly process". These unusual self-assembling nanostructures and the formation process could provide clues for further studies on tuning the self-assembly of building blocks. The strategies developed in this work to obtain novel nanostructures are expected to facilitate the design and fabrication of nano-devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Li
- College of Science, China University of Petroleum, 266580 Qingdao, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
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28
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Kumar S, Pattanayek SK, Pereira GG. Polymers encapsulated in short single wall carbon nanotubes: Pseudo-1D morphologies and induced chirality. J Chem Phys 2015; 142:114901. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4914463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
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29
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Nikiforov I, Hourahine B, Frauenheim T, Dumitrică T. Formation of Helices in Graphene Nanoribbons under Torsion. J Phys Chem Lett 2014; 5:4083-4087. [PMID: 26278936 DOI: 10.1021/jz501837r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We use objective boundary conditions and self-consistent charge density-functional-based tight-binding to simulate at the atomistic scale the formation of helices in narrow graphene nanoribbons with armchair edges terminated with fluorine and hydrogen. We interpret the microscopic data using an inextensible, unshearable elastic rod model, which considers both bending and torsional strains. When fitted to the atomistic data, the simple rod model uses closed-form solutions for a cubic equation to predict the strain energy and morphology at a given twist angle and the crossover point between pure torsion and a helix. Our modeling and simulation bring key insights into the origin of the helical graphene morphologies stored inside of carbon nanotubes. They can be useful for designing chiral nanoribbons with tailored properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Nikiforov
- †Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota, 111 Church Street Southeast, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - B Hourahine
- ‡Department of Physics, SUPA, University of Strathclyde, John Anderson Building, 107 Rottenrow, Glasgow G4 0NG, United Kingdom
| | - Th Frauenheim
- ¶BCCMS, Universität Bremen, Am Fallturm 1, D-28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - T Dumitrică
- †Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota, 111 Church Street Southeast, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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30
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Narita A, Feng X, Müllen K. Bottom-up synthesis of chemically precise graphene nanoribbons. CHEM REC 2014; 15:295-309. [PMID: 25414146 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201402082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
In this article, we describe our chemical approach, developed over the course of a decade, towards the bottom-up synthesis of structurally well-defined graphene nanoribbons (GNRs). GNR synthesis can be achieved through two different methods, one being a solution-phase process based on conventional organic chemistry and the other invoking surface-assisted fabrication, employing modern physics methodologies. In both methods, rationally designed monomers are polymerized to form non-planar polyphenylene precursors, which are "graphitized" and "planarized" by solution-mediated or surface-assisted cyclodehydrogenation. Through these methods, a variety of GNRs have been synthesized with different widths, lengths, edge structures, and degrees of heteroatom doping, featuring varying (opto)electronic properties. The ability to chemically tailor GNRs with tuned properties in a well-defined manner will contribute to the elucidation of the fundamental physics of GNRs, as well as pave the way for the development of GNR-based nanoelectronics and optoelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akimitsu Narita
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
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31
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Ren Z, Gao PX. A review of helical nanostructures: growth theories, synthesis strategies and properties. NANOSCALE 2014; 6:9366-400. [PMID: 24824353 DOI: 10.1039/c4nr00330f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Helical nanomaterials represent an emerging group of nanostructures with unique spiral geometry as well as multiple functionalities owing to their enriched physical and chemical properties. With the novel properties enabled by their nanoscale dimension and unique geometry, the helical nanostructures may open opportunities to develop our understanding of new physics, chemistry and biology, and enable new nanodevice design and fabrication. This review article presents a comprehensive and in-depth overview of the latest progress in helical nanostructures synthesis, properties and potential applications. Specific attention is concentrated on the crystal growth theory for helical nanostructures, summary of the helical nanomaterials obtained so far, and their fabrication techniques as well as typical physical properties that can be potentially utilized for various applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Ren
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering & Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269-3136, USA.
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32
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Affiliation(s)
- Haijun Shen
- School of Aeronautics & Mechanics, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
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33
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Xu B, He P, Liu H, Wang P, Zhou G, Wang X. A 1D/2D Helical CdS/ZnIn2S4Nano-Heterostructure. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:2339-43. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201310513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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34
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Xu B, He P, Liu H, Wang P, Zhou G, Wang X. A 1D/2D Helical CdS/ZnIn2S4Nano-Heterostructure. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201310513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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35
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García G, Atilhan M, Aparicio S. A theoretical study on ionic liquid endohedral C540 fullerene. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra07239a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of the confinement of ionic liquid (choline benzoate) cluster inside C540 fullerene has been studied through both molecular dynamic and density functional theory simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregorio García
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Burgos
- 09001 Burgos, Spain
| | - Mert Atilhan
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Qatar University
- Doha, Qatar
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36
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Li Y. Boron-nitride nanotube triggered self-assembly of hexagonal boron-nitride nanostructure. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:20689-96. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cp02578d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Molecular mechanics results show that a hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) membrane can spontaneously assemble on the single-walled boron nitride nanotube (BNNT) in a scroll or helical manner, showing an interesting dependence on h-BN width.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfang Li
- College of Mechanical Engineering
- Linyi University
- Linyi, People's Republic of China
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37
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Li Y. Edge-closed graphene nanoribbons fabricated by spontaneous collapse of few-walled carbon nanotubes. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:1921-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cp53785d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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38
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Yan M, Wang F, Han C, Ma X, Xu X, An Q, Xu L, Niu C, Zhao Y, Tian X, Hu P, Wu H, Mai L. Nanowire Templated Semihollow Bicontinuous Graphene Scrolls: Designed Construction, Mechanism, and Enhanced Energy Storage Performance. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:18176-82. [DOI: 10.1021/ja409027s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mengyu Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced
Technology
for Materials Synthesis and Processing, WUT-Harvard Joint Nano Key
Laboratory, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fengchao Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and
Design of Materials, Department of Modern Mechanics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chunhua Han
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced
Technology
for Materials Synthesis and Processing, WUT-Harvard Joint Nano Key
Laboratory, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xinyu Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced
Technology
for Materials Synthesis and Processing, WUT-Harvard Joint Nano Key
Laboratory, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xu Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced
Technology
for Materials Synthesis and Processing, WUT-Harvard Joint Nano Key
Laboratory, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qinyou An
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced
Technology
for Materials Synthesis and Processing, WUT-Harvard Joint Nano Key
Laboratory, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced
Technology
for Materials Synthesis and Processing, WUT-Harvard Joint Nano Key
Laboratory, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Chaojiang Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced
Technology
for Materials Synthesis and Processing, WUT-Harvard Joint Nano Key
Laboratory, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yunlong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced
Technology
for Materials Synthesis and Processing, WUT-Harvard Joint Nano Key
Laboratory, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaocong Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced
Technology
for Materials Synthesis and Processing, WUT-Harvard Joint Nano Key
Laboratory, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ping Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced
Technology
for Materials Synthesis and Processing, WUT-Harvard Joint Nano Key
Laboratory, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hengan Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and
Design of Materials, Department of Modern Mechanics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liqiang Mai
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced
Technology
for Materials Synthesis and Processing, WUT-Harvard Joint Nano Key
Laboratory, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, People’s Republic of China
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39
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Hu S, Liu H, Wang P, Wang X. Inorganic nanostructures with sizes down to 1 nm: a macromolecule analogue. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:11115-24. [PMID: 23837618 DOI: 10.1021/ja403471d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Ultrathin nanostructures exhibit many interesting properties which are absent or less-pronounced in traditional nanomaterials of larger sizes. In this work, we report the synthesis of ultrathin nanowires and nanoribbons of rare earth hydroxides and demonstrate some new phenomena caused by their atomic-level lateral size (1 nm), including ligand-induced gelation, self-assembly framework, and conformational diversity. These features are typically, although not exclusively, found in polymer solutions. The properties of the inorganic backbone and the emerging polymeric characteristics combined prove to be very promising in the design of new hybrid materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi Hu
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China
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40
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Yin Q, Shi X. Mechanics of rolling of nanoribbon on tube and sphere. NANOSCALE 2013; 5:5450-5455. [PMID: 23661239 DOI: 10.1039/c3nr00489a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The configuration of graphene nano-ribbon (GNR) assembly on carbon nanotube (CNT) and sphere is studied through theoretical modeling and molecular simulation. The GNR can spontaneously wind onto the CNT due to van der Waals (vdW) interaction and form two basic configurations: helix and scroll. The final configuration arises from the competition among three energy terms: the bending energy of the GNR, the vdW interaction between GNR and CNT, the vdW between the GNR itself. We derive analytical solutions by accounting for the three energy parts, with which we draw phase diagrams and predict the final configuration (helix or scroll) based on the selected parameters. The molecular simulations are conducted to verify the model with the results agree well with the model predicted. Our work can be used to actively control and transfer the tube-like nanoparticles and viruses as well as to assemble ribbon-like nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qifang Yin
- LNM, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, PR China
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41
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Calvaresi M, Quintana M, Rudolf P, Zerbetto F, Prato M. Rolling up a graphene sheet. Chemphyschem 2013; 14:3447-53. [PMID: 23757109 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201300337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Carbon Nanotubes, CNTs, have been described as rolled-up graphene layers. Matching this concept to experiments has been a great experimental challenge for it requires a method to exfoliate graphite, generate ordered and stable dangling carbon bonds, and roll up the layer without affecting the unpaired electrons of the dangling bonds that finally have to zip up in an orderly fashion: A tall order for any synthetic strategy. The combined use of ultrasonication of graphite in dimethylformamide and addition of ferrocene aldehyde just does it!
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42
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Jiang Y, Zhang K, Li H, He Y, Song X. Spontaneous encapsulation behavior of ionic liquid into carbon nanotube. NANOSCALE 2012; 4:7063-7069. [PMID: 23051856 DOI: 10.1039/c2nr31432k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Molecular dynamics simulations and density functional theory have been performed to investigate the spontaneous encapsulation of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([Bmim][Cl]) into single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs). This phenomenon can be attributed to the van der Waals attractive force, hydrogen bonds and especially the π-π stacking effect. The [Bmim][Cl] molecules enter SWCNTs with larger diameters more rapidly, showing an interesting dependence on tube size. A high temperature is not beneficial to, and may even disrupt, the encapsulation of the [Bmim][Cl] molecules. It is also worth noting that the graphene nanoribbon entering the SWCNT would have an extremely different effect on this encapsulation process from when they wrap around the outer surface. Furthermore, the [Bmim][Cl] molecules can assist water transport in the SWCNT by expelling water molecules from the SWCNT. The proposed discoveries eventually provide a powerful way to fabricate nanoscale materials and devices and tune their properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Jiang
- Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, People's Republic of China
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43
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Lebedeva IV, Popov AM, Knizhnik AA, Khlobystov AN, Potapkin BV. Chiral graphene nanoribbon inside a carbon nanotube: ab initio study. NANOSCALE 2012; 4:4522-4529. [PMID: 22696165 DOI: 10.1039/c2nr30144j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The dispersion-corrected density functional theory (DFT-D) is applied for investigation of structure and electronic properties of a sulfur-terminated graphene nanoribbon (S-GNR) encapsulated in a carbon nanotube. Two mechanisms of accommodation of the GNR in the carbon nanotube, distortion of the nanotube cross-section into an elliptic shape accompanied by bending of the GNR and transformation of the GNR to a helical conformation, are analyzed. Three types of elastic distortions of the nanotube and encapsulated GNR are revealed depending on the ratio of the diameter of the nanotube cavity to the GNR width. Helical states of the GNR are shown to be stabilized by the van der Waals attraction of sulfur atoms at neighbouring edges of adjacent turns of the GNR. The results of calculations are correlated with the experimental observations for the S-GNR synthesized recently inside the carbon nanotube. The hybrid DFT calculations of band structures of zigzag GNRs terminated with different atoms demonstrate that as opposed to O- and H-GNRs, the S-GNR is metallic even when deformed inside carbon nanotubes. Possible applications of GNRs encapsulated in carbon nanotubes are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina V Lebedeva
- National Research Centre "Kurchatov Institute", Kurchatov Square 1, Moscow 123182, Russia.
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44
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Chamberlain TW, Biskupek J, Rance GA, Chuvilin A, Alexander TJ, Bichoutskaia E, Kaiser U, Khlobystov AN. Size, structure, and helical twist of graphene nanoribbons controlled by confinement in carbon nanotubes. ACS NANO 2012; 6:3943-53. [PMID: 22483078 DOI: 10.1021/nn300137j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) act as efficient nanoreactors, templating the assembly of sulfur-terminated graphene nanoribbons (S-GNRs) with different sizes, structures, and conformations. Spontaneous formation of nanoribbons from small sulfur-containing molecules is efficiently triggered by heat treatment or by an 80 keV electron beam. S-GNRs form readily in CNTs with internal diameters between 1 and 2 nm. Outside of this optimum range, nanotubes narrower than 1 nm do not have sufficient space to accommodate the 2D structure of S-GNRs, while nanotubes wider than 2 nm do not provide efficient confinement for unidirectional S-GNR growth, thus neither can support nanoribbon formation. Theoretical calculations show that the thermodynamic stability of nanoribbons is dependent on the S-GNR edge structure and, to a lesser extent, the width of the nanoribbon. For nanoribbons of similar widths, the polythiaperipolycene-type edges of zigzag S-GNRs are more stable than the polythiophene-type edges of armchair S-GNRs. Both the edge structure and the width define the electronic properties of S-GNRs which can vary widely from metallic to semiconductor to insulator. The encapsulated S-GNRs exhibit diverse dynamic behavior, including rotation, translation, and helical twisting inside the nanotube, which offers a mechanism for control of the electronic properties of the graphene nanoribbon via confinement at the nanoscale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas W Chamberlain
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
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45
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Meng F, Zhao J, Ye Y, Zhang X, Li S, Jia J, Zhang Z, Li Q. Multifunctionalization of carbon nanotube fibers with the aid of graphene wrapping. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2jm32978f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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46
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Fan D, Liu Y, He J, Zhou Y, Yang Y. Porous graphene-based materials by thermolytic cracking. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c1jm13947a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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