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Fu W, John M, Maddumapatabandi TD, Bussolotti F, Yau YS, Lin M, Johnson Goh KE. Toward Edge Engineering of Two-Dimensional Layered Transition-Metal Dichalcogenides by Chemical Vapor Deposition. ACS NANO 2023; 17:16348-16368. [PMID: 37646426 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c04581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
The manipulation of edge configurations and structures in atomically-thin transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) for versatile functionalization has attracted intensive interest in recent years. The chemical vapor deposition (CVD) approach has shown promise for TMD edge engineering of atomic edge configurations (1H, 1T or 1T'-zigzag or armchair edges) as well as diverse edge morphologies (1D nanoribbons, 2D dendrites, 3D spirals, etc.). These edge-rich TMD layers offer versatile candidates for probing the physical and chemical properties and exploring potential applications in electronics, optoelectronics, catalysis, sensing, and quantum technologies. In this Review, we present an overview of the current state-of-the-art in the manipulation of TMD atomic edges and edge-rich structures using CVD. We highlight the vast range of distinct properties associated with these edge configurations and structures and provide insights into the opportunities afforded by such edge-functionalized crystals. The objective of this Review is to motivate further research and development efforts to use CVD as a scalable approach to harness the benefits of such crystal-edge engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Fu
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03 138634, Singapore
| | - Mark John
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03 138634, Singapore
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 3 117551, Singapore
| | - Thathsara D Maddumapatabandi
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03 138634, Singapore
| | - Fabio Bussolotti
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03 138634, Singapore
| | - Yong Sean Yau
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03 138634, Singapore
| | - Ming Lin
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03 138634, Singapore
| | - Kuan Eng Johnson Goh
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03 138634, Singapore
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 3 117551, Singapore
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue 639798, Singapore
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2
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Canton-Vitoria R, Hotta T, Xue M, Zhang S, Kitaura R. Synthesis and Characterization of Transition Metal Dichalcogenide Nanoribbons Based on a Controllable O 2 Etching. JACS AU 2023; 3:775-784. [PMID: 37006761 PMCID: PMC10052231 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.2c00536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Although the synthesis of monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides has been established in the last decade, synthesizing nanoribbons remains challenging. In this study, we have developed a straightforward method to obtain nanoribbons with controllable widths (25-8000 nm) and lengths (1-50 μm) by O2 etching of the metallic phase in metallic/semiconducting in-plane heterostructures of monolayer MoS2. We also successfully applied this process for synthesizing WS2, MoSe2, and WSe2 nanoribbons. Furthermore, field-effect transistors of the nanoribbons show an on/off ratio of larger than 1000, photoresponses of 1000%, and time responses of 5 s. The nanoribbons were compared with monolayer MoS2, highlighting a substantial difference in the photoluminescence emission and photoresponses. Additionally, the nanoribbons were used as a template to build one-dimensional (1D)-1D or 1D-2D heterostructures with various transition metal dichalcogenides. The process developed in this study offers simple production of nanoribbons with applications in several fields of nanotechnology and chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruben Canton-Vitoria
- Department
of Chemistry, Nagoya University, Furo-Cho, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan
- Theoretical
and Physical Chemistry Institute, National
Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vassileos Constantinou Avenue, Athens 116 35, Greece
| | - Takato Hotta
- Department
of Chemistry, Nagoya University, Furo-Cho, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan
| | - Mengsong Xue
- Department
of Chemistry, Nagoya University, Furo-Cho, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan
| | - Shaochun Zhang
- Department
of Chemistry, Nagoya University, Furo-Cho, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan
| | - Ryo Kitaura
- Department
of Chemistry, Nagoya University, Furo-Cho, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan
- International
Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
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3
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Dey S, Manjunath K, Zak A, Singh G. WS 2 Nanotube-Embedded SiOC Fibermat Electrodes for Sodium-Ion Batteries. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:10126-10138. [PMID: 36969449 PMCID: PMC10035010 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c07464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Layered transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) such as tungsten disulfide (WS2) are promising materials for a wide range of applications, including charge storage in batteries and supercapacitors. Nevertheless, TMD-based electrodes suffer from bottlenecks such as capacity fading at high current densities, voltage hysteresis during the conversion reaction, and polysulfide dissolution. To tame such adverse phenomena, we fabricate composites with WS2 nanotubes. Herein, we report on the superior electrochemical performance of ceramic composite fibers comprising WS2 nanotubes (WS2NTs) embedded in a chemically robust molecular polymer-derived ceramic matrix of silicon-oxycarbide (SiOC). Such a heterogeneous fiber structure was obtained via electrospinning of WS2NT/preceramic polymer solution followed by pyrolysis at elevated temperatures. The electrode capacity fading in WS2NTs was curbed by the synergistic effect between WS2NT and SiOC. As a result, the composite electrode exhibits high initial capacity of 454 mAh g-1 and the capacity retention approximately 2-3 times higher than that of the neat WS2NT electrode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonjoy Dey
- Department
of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering, Kansas
State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, United States
| | | | - Alla Zak
- Faculty
of Sciences, Holon Institute of Technology, Holon 5810201, Israel
| | - Gurpreet Singh
- Department
of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering, Kansas
State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, United States
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4
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Longitudinal unzipping of 2D transition metal dichalcogenides. Nat Commun 2020; 11:5032. [PMID: 33024113 PMCID: PMC7538978 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-18810-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Unzipping of the basal plane offers a valuable pathway to uniquely control the material chemistry of 2D structures. Nonetheless, reliable unzipping has been reported only for graphene and phosphorene thus far. The single elemental nature of those materials allows a straightforward understanding of the chemical reaction and property modulation involved with such geometric transformations. Here we report spontaneous linear ordered unzipping of bi-elemental 2D MX2 transition metal chalcogenides as a general route to synthesize 1D nanoribbon structures. The strained metallic phase (1T') of MX2 undergoes highly specific longitudinal unzipping owing to the self-linearized oxygenation at chalcogenides. Stable dispersions of 1T' MoS2 nanoribbons with widths of 10-120 nm and lengths up to ~4 µm are produced in water. Edge abundant 1T' MoS2 nanoribbons reveal the hidden potential of idealized electrocatalysis for hydrogen evolution reactions at a competitive level with the precious Pt catalyst.
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5
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Wu H, Chen X, Qian C, Yan H, Yan C, Xu N, Piao Y, Diao G, Chen M. Confinement Growth of Layered WS 2 in Hollow Beaded Carbon Nanofibers with Synergistic Anchoring Effect to Reinforce Li + /Na + Storage Performance. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2020; 16:e2000695. [PMID: 32500673 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202000695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Novel nitrogen doped (N-doped) hollow beaded structural composite carbon nanofibers are successfully applied for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) and sodium-ion batteries (SIBs). Tungsten disulfide (WS2 ) nanosheets are confined, through synergistic anchoring, on the surface and inside of hollow beaded carbon nanofibers (HB CNFs) via a hydrothermal reaction method to construct the hierarchical structure HB WS2 @CNFs. Benefiting from this unique advantage, HB WS2 @CNFs exhibits remarkable lithium-storage performance in terms of high rate capability (≈351 mAh g-1 at 2 A g-1 ) and stable long-term cycle (≈446 mAh g-1 at 1 A g-1 after 100 cycles). Moreover, as an anode material for SIBs, HB WS2 @CNFs obtains excellent long cycle life and rate performance. During the charging/discharging process, the evolution of morphology and composition of the composite are analyzed by a set of ex situ methods. This synergistic anchoring effect between WS2 nanosheets and HB CNFs is capable of effectively restraining volume expansion from the metal ions intercalation/deintercalation process and improving the cycling stability and rate performance in LIBs and SIBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huayu Wu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225002, P. R. China
| | - Xing Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225002, P. R. China
| | - Chen Qian
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou Polytechnic Institute, Yangzhou, 225127, P. R. China
| | - Hui Yan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, LA, 70504, USA
| | - Chenyi Yan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225002, P. R. China
| | - Nuo Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225002, P. R. China
| | - Yuanzhe Piao
- Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, 145 Gwanggyo-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 16229, Republic of Korea
- Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University, 145 Gwanggyo-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 16229, Republic of Korea
| | - Guowang Diao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225002, P. R. China
| | - Ming Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225002, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
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6
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Soares DM, Mukherjee S, Singh G. TMDs beyond MoS 2 for Electrochemical Energy Storage. Chemistry 2020; 26:6320-6341. [PMID: 32128897 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202000147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Atomically thin sheets of two-dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) have attracted interest as high capacity electrode materials for electrochemical energy storage devices owing to their unique properties (high surface area, high strength and modulus, faster ion diffusion, and so on), which arise from their layered morphology and diversified chemistry. Nevertheless, low electronic conductivity, poor cycling stability, large structural changes during metal-ion insertion/extraction along with high cost of manufacture are challenges that require further research in order for TMDs to find use in commercial batteries and supercapacitors. Here, a systematic review of cutting-edge research focused on TMD materials beyond the widely studied molybdenum disulfide or MoS2 electrode is reported. Accordingly, a critical overview of the recent progress concerning synthesis methods, physicochemical and electrochemical properties is given. Trends and opportunities that may contribute to state-of-the-art research are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davi Marcelo Soares
- Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering Department, Kansas State University, 3002 Rathbone Hall, Kansas, Manhattan, Kansas, 66506, USA
| | - Santanu Mukherjee
- Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering Department, Kansas State University, 3002 Rathbone Hall, Kansas, Manhattan, Kansas, 66506, USA
| | - Gurpreet Singh
- Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering Department, Kansas State University, 3002 Rathbone Hall, Kansas, Manhattan, Kansas, 66506, USA
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7
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Yang C, Wang B, Xie Y, Zheng Y, Jin C. Deriving MoS 2 nanoribbons from their flakes by chemical vapor deposition. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 30:255602. [PMID: 30802894 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ab0a1d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) materials have attracted great interest due to their unique structures and exotic properties related to promising applications and fundamental research. Reducing the dimensionality of 2D materials into their 1D nanostructure is also highly desirable for the exploitation of novel properties and offers new research opportunities. In this work, we demonstrate a bottom-up synthesis of molybdenum disulfides (MoS2) nanoribbons on graphene substrate via chemical vapor deposition (CVD) by precisely tuning the growth parameters into a sulfur-enriched condition. MoS2 nanoribbons are mainly formed from the CVD grown MoS2 flakes along the armchair (AC) direction. Atomic resolution ADF-STEM imaging characterizations show an alternating presence of molybdenum and sulfur zigzag edge terminations at the edges of MoS2 nanoribbons. While at the apex of the nanoribbon, sulfur terminated zigzag edges become dominant. Taking these results together, we revealed the underlying growth mechanism of MoS2 nanoribbons. Electronic transport properties of the MoS2 nanoribbons were also measured by fabricating back-gate-effect transistors (FETs). The nanoribbon FETs present n-type behavior with a current on/off ratio higher than 104 at V DS = 1 and a carrier mobility of 1.39 cm2 V-1 s-1. This work offers a new route to synthesize 1D MoS2 nanoribbons, which has great potential in fabricating other 2D materials-derived 1D nanostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunxia Yang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, People's Republic of China. State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310024, People's Republic of China
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8
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Liu Z, Murphy AW, Kuppe C, Hooper DC, Valev VK, Ilie A. WS 2 Nanotubes, 2D Nanomeshes, and 2D In-Plane Films through One Single Chemical Vapor Deposition Route. ACS NANO 2019; 13:3896-3909. [PMID: 30912636 PMCID: PMC7007277 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b06515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate a versatile, catalyst free chemical vapor deposition process on insulating substrates capable of producing in one single stream one-dimensional (1D) WO3- x suboxides leading to a wide range of substrate-supported 2H-WS2 polymorphs: a tunable class of out-of-plane (of the substrate) nanophases, with 1D nanotubes and a pure WS2, two-dimensional (2D) nanomesh (defined as a network of webbed, micron-size, few-layer 2D sheets) at its extremes; and in-plane (parallel to the substrate) mono- and few-layer 2D domains. This entails a two-stage approach in which the 2WO3 + 7S → 2WS2 + 3SO2 reaction is intentionally decoupled. First, various morphologies of nanowires or nanorods of high stoichiometry, WO2.92/WO2.9 suboxides (belonging to the class of Magnéli phases) were formed, followed by their sulfurization to undergo reduction to the aforementioned WS2 polymorphs. The continuous transition of WS2 from nanotubes to the out-of-plane 2D nanomesh, via intermediary, mixed 1D-2D phases, delivers tunable functional properties, for example, linear and nonlinear optical properties, such as reflectivity (linked to optical excitations in the material), and second harmonic generation (SHG) and onset of saturable absorption. The SHG effect is very strong across the entire tunable class of WS2 nanomaterials, weakest in nanotubes, and strongest in the 2D nanomesh. Furthermore, a mechanism via suboxide (WO3- x) intermediate as a possible path to 2D domain growth is demonstrated. 2D, in-plane WS2 domains grow via "self-seeding and feeding" where short WO2.92/WO2.9 nanorods provide both the nucleation sites and the precursor feedstock. Understanding the reaction path (here, in the W-O-S space) is an emerging approach toward controlling the nucleation, growth, and morphology of 2D domains and films of transition-metal dichalcogenides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zichen Liu
- Centre
for Graphene Science, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
- Centre
for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, University
of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
- Department
of Physics, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2
7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander William
Allen Murphy
- Centre
for Photonics and Photonic Materials, University
of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
- Centre
for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, University
of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
- Department
of Physics, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2
7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Christian Kuppe
- Centre
for Photonics and Photonic Materials, University
of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
- Centre
for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, University
of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
- Department
of Physics, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2
7AY, United Kingdom
| | - David Charles Hooper
- Centre
for Photonics and Photonic Materials, University
of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
- Centre
for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, University
of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
- Department
of Physics, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2
7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Ventsislav Kolev Valev
- Centre
for Photonics and Photonic Materials, University
of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
- Centre
for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, University
of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
- Department
of Physics, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2
7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Adelina Ilie
- Centre
for Graphene Science, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
- Centre
for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, University
of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
- Department
of Physics, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2
7AY, United Kingdom
- E-mail:
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9
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Singh E, Singh P, Kim KS, Yeom GY, Nalwa HS. Flexible Molybdenum Disulfide (MoS 2) Atomic Layers for Wearable Electronics and Optoelectronics. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:11061-11105. [PMID: 30830744 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b19859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Flexible, stretchable, and bendable materials, including inorganic semiconductors, organic polymers, graphene, and transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), are attracting great attention in such areas as wearable electronics, biomedical technologies, foldable displays, and wearable point-of-care biosensors for healthcare. Among a broad range of layered TMDs, atomically thin layered molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) has been of particular interest, due to its exceptional electronic properties, including tunable bandgap and charge carrier mobility. MoS2 atomic layers can be used as a channel or a gate dielectric for fabricating atomically thin field-effect transistors (FETs) for electronic and optoelectronic devices. This review briefly introduces the processing and spectroscopic characterization of large-area MoS2 atomically thin layers. The review summarizes the different strategies in enhancing the charge carrier mobility and switching speed of MoS2 FETs by integrating high-κ dielectrics, encapsulating layers, and other 2D van der Waals layered materials into flexible MoS2 device structures. The photoluminescence (PL) of MoS2 atomic layers has, after chemical treatment, been dramatically improved to near-unity quantum yield. Ultraflexible and wearable active-matrix organic light-emitting diode (AM-OLED) displays and wafer-scale flexible resistive random-access memory (RRAM) arrays have been assembled using flexible MoS2 transistors. The review discusses the overall recent progress made in developing MoS2 based flexible FETs, OLED displays, nonvolatile memory (NVM) devices, piezoelectric nanogenerators (PNGs), and sensors for wearable electronic and optoelectronic devices. Finally, it outlines the perspectives and tremendous opportunities offered by a large family of atomically thin-layered TMDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Singh
- Department of Computer Science , Stanford University , Stanford , California 94305 , United States
| | - Pragya Singh
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science , National Chiao Tung University , Hsinchu 30010 , Taiwan , R.O.C
| | - Ki Seok Kim
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering , Sungkyunkwan University , 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu , Suwon-si , Gyeonggi-do 16419 , South Korea
| | - Geun Young Yeom
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering , Sungkyunkwan University , 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu , Suwon-si , Gyeonggi-do 16419 , South Korea
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nano Technology , Sungkyunkwan University , 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu , Suwon-si , Gyeonggi-do 16419 , South Korea
| | - Hari Singh Nalwa
- Advanced Technology Research , 26650 The Old Road, Suite 208 , Valencia , California 91381 , United States
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10
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Samadi M, Sarikhani N, Zirak M, Zhang H, Zhang HL, Moshfegh AZ. Group 6 transition metal dichalcogenide nanomaterials: synthesis, applications and future perspectives. NANOSCALE HORIZONS 2018; 3:90-204. [PMID: 32254071 DOI: 10.1039/c7nh00137a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Group 6 transition metal dichalcogenides (G6-TMDs), most notably MoS2, MoSe2, MoTe2, WS2 and WSe2, constitute an important class of materials with a layered crystal structure. Various types of G6-TMD nanomaterials, such as nanosheets, nanotubes and quantum dot nano-objects and flower-like nanostructures, have been synthesized. High thermodynamic stability under ambient conditions, even in atomically thin form, made nanosheets of these inorganic semiconductors a valuable asset in the existing library of two-dimensional (2D) materials, along with the well-known semimetallic graphene and insulating hexagonal boron nitride. G6-TMDs generally possess an appropriate bandgap (1-2 eV) which is tunable by size and dimensionality and changes from indirect to direct in monolayer nanosheets, intriguing for (opto)electronic, sensing, and solar energy harvesting applications. Moreover, rich intercalation chemistry and abundance of catalytically active edge sites make them promising for fabrication of novel energy storage devices and advanced catalysts. In this review, we provide an overview on all aspects of the basic science, physicochemical properties and characterization techniques as well as all existing production methods and applications of G6-TMD nanomaterials in a comprehensive yet concise treatment. Particular emphasis is placed on establishing a linkage between the features of production methods and the specific needs of rapidly growing applications of G6-TMDs to develop a production-application selection guide. Based on this selection guide, a framework is suggested for future research on how to bridge existing knowledge gaps and improve current production methods towards technological application of G6-TMD nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morasae Samadi
- Department of Physics, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran 11155-9161, Iran.
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11
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Zhu C(R, Gao D, Ding J, Chao D, Wang J. TMD-based highly efficient electrocatalysts developed by combined computational and experimental approaches. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 47:4332-4356. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cs00705a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
A thorough review on combined computational and experimental approaches to develop TMD-based highly efficient electrocatalysts by site doping, phase modulation, control of growth morphology and construction of heterostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changrong (Rose) Zhu
- Department of Material Science and Engineering
- National University of Singapore
- Singapore
| | - Daqiang Gao
- Department of Material Science and Engineering
- National University of Singapore
- Singapore
- Key Laboratory for Magnetism and Magnetic Materials of MOE
- Key Laboratory of Special Function Materials and Structure Design of MOE
| | - Jun Ding
- Department of Material Science and Engineering
- National University of Singapore
- Singapore
| | - Dongliang Chao
- School of Physical and Mathematical Science
- Nanyang Technological University
- Singapore
| | - John Wang
- Department of Material Science and Engineering
- National University of Singapore
- Singapore
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12
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Fang Y, Lv Y, Gong F, Elzatahry AA, Zheng G, Zhao D. Synthesis of 2D-Mesoporous-Carbon/MoS 2 Heterostructures with Well-Defined Interfaces for High-Performance Lithium-Ion Batteries. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2016; 28:9385-9390. [PMID: 27601056 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201602210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Revised: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A sandwich-like 2D-mesoporous-carbon/MoS2 -nanosheet heterostructure is fabricated for the first time. The hybrid structure is composed of three well-stacked monolayers: an ordered-mesoporous-carbon monolayer, a MoS2 monolayer, and a further ordered-mesoporous-carbon monolayer. This unique heterostructure exhibits excellent electrochemical performance as an anode material for lithium-ion batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Fang
- Department of Chemistry and Shanghai Key Lab of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, iChEM and Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
- James Franck Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, 60637, IL., USA
| | - Yingying Lv
- Department of Chemistry and Shanghai Key Lab of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, iChEM and Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Feng Gong
- School of Chemical, Biological and Materials Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73069, USA
| | - Ahmed A Elzatahry
- Materials Science and Tech Program, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, 2713, Qatar
| | - Gengfeng Zheng
- Department of Chemistry and Shanghai Key Lab of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, iChEM and Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Dongyuan Zhao
- Department of Chemistry and Shanghai Key Lab of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, iChEM and Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
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13
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Zhou Y, Dong J, Li H. Multifunctional heterostructures constructed using MoS 2 and WS 2 nanoribbons. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:27468-27475. [PMID: 27711593 DOI: 10.1039/c6cp05174j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Using first-principles calculations based on nonequilibrium Green's function together with density functional theory, we investigated the electronic transport properties of some devices consisting of armchair and zigzag MoS2NRs/WS2NRs in-plane heterostructures. The results indicate that these heterostructures exhibit rectifying performance, which are depressed as the number of WS2NR unit cell decreases. In addition, the NDR effect is observed and can be modulated. Importantly, the zigzag MoS2NRs/WS2NRs heterostructures can be used as spintronic devices because of their tunable spin filtering behavior and NDR effect. The devices with WS2NRs electrode display a better NDR effect and spin filtering behavior. The unique properties of these heterostructures suggest promising applications in the next generation nanoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jichen Dong
- Department of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hui Li
- Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, People's Republic of China.
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14
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Chung HC, Chang CP, Lin CY, Lin MF. Electronic and optical properties of graphene nanoribbons in external fields. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:7573-616. [PMID: 26744847 DOI: 10.1039/c5cp06533j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
A review work is done for the electronic and optical properties of graphene nanoribbons in magnetic, electric, composite, and modulated fields. Effects due to the lateral confinement, curvature, stacking, non-uniform subsystems and hybrid structures are taken into account. The special electronic properties, induced by complex competitions between external fields and geometric structures, include many one-dimensional parabolic subbands, standing waves, peculiar edge-localized states, width- and field-dependent energy gaps, magnetic-quantized quasi-Landau levels, curvature-induced oscillating Landau subbands, crossings and anti-crossings of quasi-Landau levels, coexistence and combination of energy spectra in layered structures, and various peak structures in the density of states. There exist diverse absorption spectra and different selection rules, covering edge-dependent selection rules, magneto-optical selection rule, splitting of the Landau absorption peaks, intragroup and intergroup Landau transitions, as well as coexistence of monolayer-like and bilayer-like Landau absorption spectra. Detailed comparisons are made between the theoretical calculations and experimental measurements. The predicted results, the parabolic subbands, edge-localized states, gap opening and modulation, and spatial distribution of Landau subbands, have been identified by various experimental measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsien-Ching Chung
- Department of Physics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan. and Center for Micro/Nano Science and Technology (CMNST), National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Peng Chang
- Center for General Education, Tainan University of Technology, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Chiun-Yan Lin
- Department of Physics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan.
| | - Ming-Fa Lin
- Department of Physics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan.
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15
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Kawamoto N, Kakefuda Y, Mori T, Hirose K, Mitome M, Bando Y, Golberg D. Nanoscale characterization of the thermal interface resistance of a heat-sink composite material by in situ TEM. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2015; 26:465705. [PMID: 26508524 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/26/46/465705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We developed an original method of in situ nanoscale characterization of thermal resistance utilizing a high-resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM). The focused electron beam of the HRTEM was used as a contact-free heat source and a piezo-movable nanothermocouple was developed as a thermal detector. This method has a high flexibility of supplying thermal-flux directions for nano/microscale thermal conductivity analysis, and is a powerful way to probe the thermal properties of complex or composite materials. Using this method we performed reproducible measurements of electron beam-induced temperature changes in pre-selected sections of a heat-sink α-Al(2)O(3)/epoxy-based resin composite. Observed linear behavior of the temperature change in a filler reveals that Fourier's law holds even at such a mesoscopic scale. In addition, we successfully determined the thermal resistance of the nanoscale interfaces between neighboring α-Al(2)O(3) fillers to be 1.16 × 10(-8) m(2)K W(-1), which is 35 times larger than that of the fillers themselves. This method that we have discovered enables evaluation of thermal resistivity of composites on the nanoscale, combined with the ultimate spatial localization and resolution sample analysis capabilities that TEM entails.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoyuki Kawamoto
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Namiki 1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan. NIMS Open Innovation Center (NOIC), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Namiki 1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
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16
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Zou M, Jiang Y, Wan M, Zhang M, Zhu H, Yang T, Du M. Controlled morphology evolution of electrospun carbon nanofiber templated tungsten disulfide nanostructures. Electrochim Acta 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2015.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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17
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Vasu K, Yamijala SSRKC, Zak A, Gopalakrishnan K, Pati SK, Rao CNR. Clean WS2 and MoS2 Nanoribbons Generated by Laser-Induced Unzipping of the Nanotubes. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2015; 11:3916-3920. [PMID: 25996308 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201500350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Revised: 04/04/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The preparation of 1D WS(2) and MoS(2) flexible nanoribbons by laser-induced unzipping of the nanotubes is reported. The nanoribbons are of high quality, uniform width, and devoid of surface contamination. The zig-zag edges in WS(2) nanoribbons give rise to ferromagnetism at room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuraganti Vasu
- Chemistry and Physics of Materials UnitTheoretical Science Unit and International Centre for Materials Science, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur P.O., Bangalore, 560064, India
| | - Sharma S R K C Yamijala
- Chemistry and Physics of Materials UnitTheoretical Science Unit and International Centre for Materials Science, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur P.O., Bangalore, 560064, India
| | - Alla Zak
- Faculty of Science, Holon Institute of Technology, Holon, 58102, Israel
| | - Kothandam Gopalakrishnan
- Chemistry and Physics of Materials UnitTheoretical Science Unit and International Centre for Materials Science, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur P.O., Bangalore, 560064, India
| | - Swapan K Pati
- Chemistry and Physics of Materials UnitTheoretical Science Unit and International Centre for Materials Science, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur P.O., Bangalore, 560064, India
| | - C N R Rao
- Chemistry and Physics of Materials UnitTheoretical Science Unit and International Centre for Materials Science, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur P.O., Bangalore, 560064, India
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18
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Duan J, Chen S, Chambers BA, Andersson GG, Qiao SZ. 3D WS2 Nanolayers@Heteroatom-Doped Graphene Films as Hydrogen Evolution Catalyst Electrodes. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2015; 27:4234-41. [PMID: 26061221 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201501692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2015] [Revised: 05/14/2015] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Duan
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - Sheng Chen
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - Benjamin A Chambers
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, 5001, Australia
| | - Gunther G Andersson
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, 5001, Australia
| | - Shi Zhang Qiao
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
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19
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Zhou Y, Dong J, Li H. Electronic transport properties of in-plane heterostructures constructed by MoS2 and WS2 nanoribbons. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra14507d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A new and simple kind of in-plane heterostructure is constructed by MoS2 nanoribbons (MoS2NRs) and WS2 nanoribbons (WS2NRs) arranged both perpendicularly and in parallel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials
- Ministry of Education
- Shandong University
- Jinan 250061
- People's Republic of China
| | - Jichen Dong
- Department of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering
- City University of Hong Kong
- Hong Kong
| | - Hui Li
- Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials
- Ministry of Education
- Shandong University
- Jinan 250061
- People's Republic of China
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20
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Guo D, Guo H, Ke Y, Wang D, Chen J, Wang Q, Weng W. Facile one-step mechanochemical synthesis of [Cu(tu)]Cl·1/2H2O nanobelts for high-performance supercapacitor. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra06225j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A facile one-step mechanochemical process from CuCl2·2H2O and thiourea to fabricate novel [Cu(tu)]Cl·1/2H2O nanobelts has been observed for the first time, and the nanobelts were used as an electrode material for a supercapacitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Guo
- College of Chemistry & Environmental
- Minnan Normal University
- Zhangzhou 363000
- P. R. China
| | - Hongxu Guo
- College of Chemistry & Environmental
- Minnan Normal University
- Zhangzhou 363000
- P. R. China
| | - Yingchang Ke
- College of Chemistry & Environmental
- Minnan Normal University
- Zhangzhou 363000
- P. R. China
| | - Dongfang Wang
- College of Chemistry & Environmental
- Minnan Normal University
- Zhangzhou 363000
- P. R. China
| | - Jianhua Chen
- College of Chemistry & Environmental
- Minnan Normal University
- Zhangzhou 363000
- P. R. China
| | - Qingxiang Wang
- College of Chemistry & Environmental
- Minnan Normal University
- Zhangzhou 363000
- P. R. China
| | - Wen Weng
- College of Chemistry & Environmental
- Minnan Normal University
- Zhangzhou 363000
- P. R. China
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21
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Jeffery AA, Nethravathi C, Rajamathi M. Scalable large nanosheets of transition metal disulphides through exfoliation of amine intercalated MS2 [M = Mo, W] in organic solvents. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra08402d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Amine intercalated MS2 exfoliate in organic solvents to give large 2D nanosheets.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Anto Jeffery
- Materials Research Group
- Department of Chemistry
- St. Joseph's College
- Bangalore 560027
- India
| | - C. Nethravathi
- Materials Research Group
- Department of Chemistry
- St. Joseph's College
- Bangalore 560027
- India
| | - Michael Rajamathi
- Materials Research Group
- Department of Chemistry
- St. Joseph's College
- Bangalore 560027
- India
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22
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Hong X, Liu J, Zheng B, Huang X, Zhang X, Tan C, Chen J, Fan Z, Zhang H. A universal method for preparation of noble metal nanoparticle-decorated transition metal dichalcogenide nanobelts. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2014; 26:6250-4. [PMID: 25043462 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201402063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2014] [Revised: 06/19/2014] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
MoS2, TaS2, TiS2, WSe2 and TaSe2 nanobelts decorated with a PtAg alloy or Pt NPs have been successfully synthesized by etching 2D nanosheets under a mild reaction condition followed by a subsequent nanosheet-to-nanobelt transformation mediated by the PVP template. The PtAg-MoS2 hybrid nanobelt coated with PVP is used as the active material in a memory device, which exhibits hysteresis behavior with the function of dynamic random access memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun Hong
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
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23
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Xu K, Wang F, Wang Z, Zhan X, Wang Q, Cheng Z, Safdar M, He J. Component-controllable WS(2(1-x))Se(2x) nanotubes for efficient hydrogen evolution reaction. ACS NANO 2014; 8:8468-76. [PMID: 25110810 DOI: 10.1021/nn503027k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Owing to the excellent potential for fundamental research and technical applications in optoelectronic devices and catalytic activity for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), transition metal dichalcogenides have recently attracted much attention. Transition metal sulfide nanostructures have been reported and demonstrated promising application in transistors and photodetectors. However, the growth of transition metal selenide nanostructures and their applications has still been a challenge. In this work, we successfully synthesized high-quality WSe2 nanotubes on carbon fibers via selenization. More importantly, through optimizing the growth conditions, ternary WS2(1–x)Se2x nanotubes were synthesized and the composition of S and Se can be systematically controlled. The as-grown WS2(1–x)Se2x nanotubes on carbon fibers, assembled as a working electrode, revealing low overpotential, high exchange current density, and small series resistance, exhibit excellent electrocatalytic properties for hydrogen evolution reaction. Our study provides the experimental groundwork for the synthesis of low-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides and may open up exciting opportunities for their application in electronics, photoelectronics, and catalytic electrochemical reactions.
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24
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Kvashnin DG, Antipina LY, Sorokin PB, Tenne R, Golberg D. Theoretical aspects of WS₂ nanotube chemical unzipping. NANOSCALE 2014; 6:8400-8404. [PMID: 24942092 DOI: 10.1039/c4nr00437j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Theoretical analysis of experimental data on unzipping multilayered WS₂ nanotubes by consequent intercalation of lithium atoms and 1-octanethiol molecules [C. Nethravathi, et al., ACS Nano, 2013, 7, 7311] is presented. The radial expansion of the tube was described using continuum thin-walled cylinder approximation with parameters evaluated from ab initio calculations. Assuming that the attractive driving force of the 1-octanethiol molecule is its reaction with the intercalated Li ions ab initio calculations of a 1-octanethiol molecule bonding with Li(+) were carried out. In addition, the non-chemical interactions of the 1-octanethiol dipole with an array of positive point charges representing Li(+) were taken into account. Comparing between the energy gain from these interactions and the elastic strain energy of the nanotube allows us to evaluate a value for the tube wall deformation after the implantation of 1-octanethiol molecules. The ab initio molecular dynamics simulation confirmed our estimates and demonstrated that a strained WS₂ nanotube, with a decent concentration of 1-octanethiol molecules, should indeed be unzipped into the WS₂ nanoribbon.
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Affiliation(s)
- D G Kvashnin
- National University of Science and Technology MISiS, 4 Leninskiy prospekt, Moscow, 119049, Russian Federation.
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25
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Structural phase transitions in two-dimensional Mo- and W-dichalcogenide monolayers. Nat Commun 2014; 5:4214. [DOI: 10.1038/ncomms5214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 678] [Impact Index Per Article: 67.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2013] [Accepted: 05/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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26
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Cai Y, Zhang G, Zhang YW. Polarity-Reversed Robust Carrier Mobility in Monolayer MoS2 Nanoribbons. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:6269-75. [DOI: 10.1021/ja4109787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 618] [Impact Index Per Article: 61.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yongqing Cai
- Institute of High Performance Computing, 1 Fusionopolis
Way, Singapore,138632
| | - Gang Zhang
- Institute of High Performance Computing, 1 Fusionopolis
Way, Singapore,138632
| | - Yong-Wei Zhang
- Institute of High Performance Computing, 1 Fusionopolis
Way, Singapore,138632
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