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Zheng J, Li D, Cui X, Liu P, Zhang Q, Zhu Z, Yang S, Zhang Y, Sun J, Chen X, Yang H, Kauppinen EI, Sun Z. Temporal soliton dynamics of synchronised ultrafast fibre lasers. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:32373-32382. [PMID: 37859042 DOI: 10.1364/oe.492450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Synchronised ultrafast soliton lasers have attracted great research interest in recent decades. However, there is a lack of comprehensive understanding regarding the buildup mechanism of synchronised pulses. Here, we report a dynamic analysis of independent and synchronised solitons buildup mechanisms in synchronised ultrafast soliton lasers. The laser comprises an erbium-doped fibre cavity and a thulium-doped fibre cavity bridged with a common arm. Pulses operating at two different wavelengths formed in the cavities are synchronised by cross-phase modulation-induced soliton correlation in the common fibre arm. We find that the whole buildup process of the thulium-doped fibre laser successively undergoes five different stages: continuous wave, relaxation oscillation, quasi-mode-locking, continuous wave mode-locking and synchronised mode-locking. It is found that the starting time of the synchronised solitons is mainly determined by the meeting time of dual-color solitons. Our results will further deepen the understanding of dual-color synchronised lasers and enrich the study of complex nonlinear system dynamics.
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Zheng J, Li D, Liu P, Cui X, Geng W, Zhang Q, Xu Z, Kauppinen EI, Sun Z. Synchronized triple-wavelength fiber lasers at 1, 1.55, and 1.9 µm. OPTICS LETTERS 2023; 48:2619-2622. [PMID: 37186723 DOI: 10.1364/ol.489210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Synchronized lasers working at different wavelengths are of great significance for numerous applications, such as high-energy femtosecond pulse emission, Raman microscopy, and precise timing distribution. Here, we report synchronized triple-wavelength fiber lasers working at 1, 1.55, and 1.9 µm, respectively, by combining the coupling and injection configurations. The laser system consists of three fiber resonators gained by ytterbium-doped fiber, erbium-doped fiber, and thulium-doped fiber, respectively. Ultrafast optical pulses formed in these resonators are obtained by passive mode-locking with the use of a carbon-nanotube saturable absorber. A maximum cavity mismatch of ∼1.4 mm is reached by the synchronized triple-wavelength fiber lasers in the synchronization regime by finely tuning the variable optical delay lines incorporated in the fiber cavities. In addition, we investigate the synchronization characteristics of a non-polarization-maintaining fiber laser in an injection configuration. Our results provide a new, to the best of our knowledge, perspective on multi-color synchronized ultrafast lasers with broad spectral coverage, high compactness, and a tunable repetition rate.
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Dvoretskiy DA, Sazonkin SG, Orekhov IO, Kudelin IS, Denisov LK, Karasik VE, Agafonov VN, Khabashesku VN, Davydov VA. Femtosecond Er-Doped All-Fiber Laser with High-Density Well-Aligned Carbon-Nanotube-Based Thin-Film Saturable Absorber. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:3864. [PMID: 36364640 PMCID: PMC9656913 DOI: 10.3390/nano12213864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
We have studied the ultrafast saturation behavior of a high-density well-aligned single-walled carbon nanotubes saturable absorber (HDWA-SWCNT SA), obtained by a high-pressure and high-temperature treatment of commercially available single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) and related it to femtosecond erbium-doped fiber laser performance. We have observed the polarization dependence of a nonlinear optical saturation, along with a low saturation energy level of <1 fJ, limited to the detector threshold used, and the ultrafast response time of <250 fs, while the modulation depth was approximately 12%. We have obtained the generation of ultrashort stretched pulses with a low mode-locking launching threshold of ~100 mW and an average output power of 12.5 mW in an erbium-doped ring laser with the hybrid mode-locking of a VDVA-SWNT SA in combination with the effects of nonlinear polarization evolution. Dechirped pulses with a duration of 180 fs were generated, with a repetition rate of about 42.22 MHz. The average output power standard deviation was about 0.06% RMS during 3 h of measurement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitriy A. Dvoretskiy
- Scientific and Educational Center “Photonics and IR Technology”, Bauman Moscow State Technical University, 105005 Moscow, Russia
| | - Stanislav G. Sazonkin
- Scientific and Educational Center “Photonics and IR Technology”, Bauman Moscow State Technical University, 105005 Moscow, Russia
| | - Ilya O. Orekhov
- Scientific and Educational Center “Photonics and IR Technology”, Bauman Moscow State Technical University, 105005 Moscow, Russia
| | - Igor S. Kudelin
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Lev K. Denisov
- Scientific and Educational Center “Photonics and IR Technology”, Bauman Moscow State Technical University, 105005 Moscow, Russia
| | - Valeriy E. Karasik
- Scientific and Educational Center “Photonics and IR Technology”, Bauman Moscow State Technical University, 105005 Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Valery N. Khabashesku
- Department of Materials Science and Nanoengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Valeriy A. Davydov
- Scientific and Educational Center “Photonics and IR Technology”, Bauman Moscow State Technical University, 105005 Moscow, Russia
- L.F. Vereshchagin Institute for High Pressure Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 108840 Moscow, Russia
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Bellani S, Bartolotta A, Agresti A, Calogero G, Grancini G, Di Carlo A, Kymakis E, Bonaccorso F. Solution-processed two-dimensional materials for next-generation photovoltaics. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:11870-11965. [PMID: 34494631 PMCID: PMC8559907 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00106j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In the ever-increasing energy demand scenario, the development of novel photovoltaic (PV) technologies is considered to be one of the key solutions to fulfil the energy request. In this context, graphene and related two-dimensional (2D) materials (GRMs), including nonlayered 2D materials and 2D perovskites, as well as their hybrid systems, are emerging as promising candidates to drive innovation in PV technologies. The mechanical, thermal, and optoelectronic properties of GRMs can be exploited in different active components of solar cells to design next-generation devices. These components include front (transparent) and back conductive electrodes, charge transporting layers, and interconnecting/recombination layers, as well as photoactive layers. The production and processing of GRMs in the liquid phase, coupled with the ability to "on-demand" tune their optoelectronic properties exploiting wet-chemical functionalization, enable their effective integration in advanced PV devices through scalable, reliable, and inexpensive printing/coating processes. Herein, we review the progresses in the use of solution-processed 2D materials in organic solar cells, dye-sensitized solar cells, perovskite solar cells, quantum dot solar cells, and organic-inorganic hybrid solar cells, as well as in tandem systems. We first provide a brief introduction on the properties of 2D materials and their production methods by solution-processing routes. Then, we discuss the functionality of 2D materials for electrodes, photoactive layer components/additives, charge transporting layers, and interconnecting layers through figures of merit, which allow the performance of solar cells to be determined and compared with the state-of-the-art values. We finally outline the roadmap for the further exploitation of solution-processed 2D materials to boost the performance of PV devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastiano Bellani
- BeDimensional S.p.A., Via Lungotorrente Secca 30R, 16163 Genova, Italy.
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Graphene Labs, via Moreogo 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Antonino Bartolotta
- CNR-IPCF, Istituto per i Processi Chimico-Fisici, Via F. Stagno D'alcontres 37, 98158 Messina, Italy
| | - Antonio Agresti
- CHOSE - Centre for Hybrid and Organic Solar Energy, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", via del Politecnico 1, 00133 Roma, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Calogero
- CNR-IPCF, Istituto per i Processi Chimico-Fisici, Via F. Stagno D'alcontres 37, 98158 Messina, Italy
| | - Giulia Grancini
- University of Pavia and INSTM, Via Taramelli 16, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Aldo Di Carlo
- CHOSE - Centre for Hybrid and Organic Solar Energy, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", via del Politecnico 1, 00133 Roma, Italy
- L.A.S.E. - Laboratory for Advanced Solar Energy, National University of Science and Technology "MISiS", 119049 Leninskiy Prosect 6, Moscow, Russia
| | - Emmanuel Kymakis
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Hellenic Mediterranean University, Estavromenos 71410 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Francesco Bonaccorso
- BeDimensional S.p.A., Via Lungotorrente Secca 30R, 16163 Genova, Italy.
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Graphene Labs, via Moreogo 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
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Wang F, Lan D, Zhang X, Cheng T. Passively mode-locked thulium-doped fiber laser based on saturable absorption of carbon nanofibers. APPLIED OPTICS 2021; 60:9943-9950. [PMID: 34807184 DOI: 10.1364/ao.442979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
As a new type of carbon-based material, carbon nanofibers (CNFs) have attracted much attention due to their unique physical structure and optical properties. In this paper, we propose the application of CNFs as the saturable absorber (SA) and established a passively mode-locked thulium-doped fiber laser (TDFL) for verification. By mixing sodium carboxymethyl cellulose solution with CNFs, CNF SA was prepared, the nonlinearity of which was tested as follows: the modulation depth was ∼1.3%, and the saturation intensity was 18MW/cm2. By inserting the CNF SA into the TDFL ring cavity, mode-locked laser pulses of a central wavelength of 1954.47 nm and a 3 dB bandwidth of 5.93 nm were obtained. The spectral pulse width was 1.31 ps; the repetition frequency was 32.68 MHz; and the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) was calculated to be ∼57dB. To our knowledge, this is the first time that CNFs have been reported as SAs for mode-locked lasers in the 2 µm wavelength region. Our work provides a new reference for using carbon-based materials in the realization of ultrafast lasers, and the proposed CNFs are highly advantageous in the development of ultrahigh-speed optical modulators and next-generation high-performance nonlinear photonic devices.
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Shawky A, Nam JS, Kim K, Han J, Yoon J, Seo S, Lee CS, Xiang R, Matsuo Y, Lee HM, Maruyama S, Jeon I. Controlled Removal of Surfactants from Double-Walled Carbon Nanotubes for Stronger p-Doping Effect and Its Demonstration in Perovskite Solar Cells. SMALL METHODS 2021; 5:e2100080. [PMID: 34927903 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202100080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Double-walled carbon nanotubes (DWNTs) have shown potential as promising alternatives to conventional transparent electrodes owing to their solution processability as well as high conductivity and transparency. However, their DC to optical conductivity ratio is limited by the surrounding surfactants that prevent the p-doping of the DWNTs. To maximize the doping effectiveness, the surfactants are removed from the DWNTs, with negligible damage to the nanotubes, by calcination in an Ar atmosphere. The effective removal of the surfactants is characterized by various analyses, and the results show that the optimal calcination temperature is 400 °C. The conductivity of the DWNTs films improves when doped by triflic acid. While the conductivity increase of the surfactants-wrapped DWNT films is 31.9%, the conductivity increase of the surfactants-removed DWNT is found to be 59.7%. Using the surfactants-removed, p-doped, solution-processed transparent electrodes, inverted-type perovskite solar cells are fabricated, resulting in a power conversion efficiency of 17.7% without hysteresis. This work advances the application of DWNTs in transparent conductors, as the efficiency obtained is the highest value achieved to date for carbon nanotube electrode-based perovskite solar cells and solution-processable transparent electrode-based solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Shawky
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
- Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology Department, Advanced Materials Division, Central Metallurgical R&D Institute (CMRDI), P.O. Box 87 Helwan, Cairo, 11421, Egypt
| | - Jeong-Seok Nam
- Department of Chemistry Education, Graduate School of Chemical Materials, Sustainable Utilization of Photovoltaic Energy Research Center, Institute for Plastic Information and Energy Materials, Pusan National University, 63-2 Busandaehak-ro, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyusun Kim
- Department of Chemistry Education, Graduate School of Chemical Materials, Sustainable Utilization of Photovoltaic Energy Research Center, Institute for Plastic Information and Energy Materials, Pusan National University, 63-2 Busandaehak-ro, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiye Han
- Department of Chemistry Education, Graduate School of Chemical Materials, Sustainable Utilization of Photovoltaic Energy Research Center, Institute for Plastic Information and Energy Materials, Pusan National University, 63-2 Busandaehak-ro, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungjin Yoon
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Seungju Seo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Chang Soo Lee
- Hydrogen Energy Department, Korea Institute of Energy Research (KIER), Daejeon, 34129, Republic of Korea
| | - Rong Xiang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Yutaka Matsuo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
- Institute of Materials Innovation, Institutes of Innovation for Future Society, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan
| | - Hyuck Mo Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Shigeo Maruyama
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Il Jeon
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
- Department of Chemistry Education, Graduate School of Chemical Materials, Sustainable Utilization of Photovoltaic Energy Research Center, Institute for Plastic Information and Energy Materials, Pusan National University, 63-2 Busandaehak-ro, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
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Jafry AAA, Kasim N, Muhammad AR, Rosol AHA, Yusoff RAM, Mahyuddin MBH, Zulkipli NF, Samsamnun FSM, Harun SW. Q-switched ytterbium-doped fiber laser based on evanescent field interaction with lutetium oxide. APPLIED OPTICS 2019; 58:9670-9676. [PMID: 31873567 DOI: 10.1364/ao.58.009670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrated lutetium oxide (${\textrm{Lu}_2}{\textrm{O}_3}$Lu2O3) deposited onto D-shaped fiber producing Q-switched ytterbium-doped fiber laser (YDFL) with an operating wavelength of 1037 nm. D-shaped fiber ${\textrm{Lu}_2}{\textrm{O}_3}$Lu2O3 as a saturable absorber (SA) was prepared using a polishing-wheel technique by polishing 2 times to establish an excellent evanescent field interaction between material and light on the surface of the polished region. The SA was deployed into a YDFL to generate Q-switching. The proposed D-shaped fiber ${\textrm{Lu}_2}{\textrm{O}_3}$Lu2O3 initiated pulses as short as 3.6 µs, with the highest repetition rate of 65.8 kHz. Stability of the SA is proven, as it produced stable pulses within the pump power of 99 to 133 mW with an SNR of 62.13 dB. Q-switched YDFL generates pulses with an output power of 0.93 to 1.99 mW and pulse energy of 17 to 30 nJ. We obtained a laser cavity with the optical-to-optical efficiency of 3.33%, which was the highest among D-shaped fiber-deposited SA materials in YDFL. Therefore, ${\textrm{Lu}_2}{\textrm{O}_3}$Lu2O3 deposited onto D-shaped fiber can be deployed as an SA in YDFL for a portable Q-switched laser source.
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Wang T, Wang J, Wu J, Ma P, Su R, Ma Y, Zhou P. Near-Infrared Optical Modulation for Ultrashort Pulse Generation Employing Indium Monosulfide (InS) Two-Dimensional Semiconductor Nanocrystals. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 9:E865. [PMID: 31181606 PMCID: PMC6630692 DOI: 10.3390/nano9060865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, metal chalcogenide nanomaterials have received much attention in the field of ultrafast lasers due to their unique band-gap characteristic and excellent optical properties. In this work, two-dimensional (2D) indium monosulfide (InS) nanosheets were synthesized through a modified liquid-phase exfoliation method. In addition, a film-type InS-polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) saturable absorber (SA) was prepared as an optical modulator to generate ultrashort pulses. The nonlinear properties of the InS-PVA SA were systematically investigated. The modulation depth and saturation intensity of the InS-SA were 5.7% and 6.79 MW/cm2, respectively. By employing this InS-PVA SA, a stable, passively mode-locked Yb-doped fiber laser was demonstrated. At the fundamental frequency, the laser operated at 1.02 MHz, with a pulse width of 486.7 ps, and the maximum output power was 1.91 mW. By adjusting the polarization states in the cavity, harmonic mode-locked phenomena were also observed. To our knowledge, this is the first time an ultrashort pulse output based on InS has been achieved. The experimental findings indicate that InS is a viable candidate in the field of ultrafast lasers due to its excellent saturable absorption characteristics, which thereby promotes the ultrafast optical applications of InX (X = S, Se, and Te) and expands the category of new SAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wang
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China.
| | - Jin Wang
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China.
| | - Jian Wu
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China.
| | - Pengfei Ma
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China.
| | - Rongtao Su
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China.
| | - Yanxing Ma
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China.
| | - Pu Zhou
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China.
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Ghedjatti A, Magnin Y, Fossard F, Wang G, Amara H, Flahaut E, Lauret JS, Loiseau A. Structural Properties of Double-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Driven by Mechanical Interlayer Coupling. ACS NANO 2017; 11:4840-4847. [PMID: 28448120 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b01328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Structural identification of double-walled carbon nanotubes (DWNTs) is presented through a robust procedure based on the latest generation of transmission electron microscope, making possible a statistical analysis based on numerous nano-objects. This approach reveals that inner and outer tubes of DWNTs are not randomly oriented, suggesting the existence of a mechanical coupling between the two concentric walls. With the support of atomic-scale modeling, we attribute it to the presence of incommensurate domains whose structures depend on the diameters and helicities of both tubes and where inner tubes try to achieve a local stacking orientation to reduce strain effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Ghedjatti
- Laboratoire d'Etude des Microstructures, ONERA-CNRS , BP 72, 92322 Châtillon Cedex, France
| | - Yann Magnin
- Aix-Marseille University and CNRS , CINaM UMR 7325, 13288 Marseille, France
| | - Frédéric Fossard
- Laboratoire d'Etude des Microstructures, ONERA-CNRS , BP 72, 92322 Châtillon Cedex, France
| | - Guillaume Wang
- Laboratoire Matériaux et Phénomènes Quantiques, CNRS-Université Paris 7 , 10 Rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - Hakim Amara
- Laboratoire d'Etude des Microstructures, ONERA-CNRS , BP 72, 92322 Châtillon Cedex, France
| | - Emmanuel Flahaut
- Centre Inter-universitaire de Recherche et d'Ingénierie des Matériaux (CIRIMAT), CNRS UMR 5085, Université Paul-Sabatier , 31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Jean-Sébastien Lauret
- Laboratoire Aimé Cotton, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, ENS Cachan, Université Paris-Saclay , 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - Annick Loiseau
- Laboratoire d'Etude des Microstructures, ONERA-CNRS , BP 72, 92322 Châtillon Cedex, France
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Meng Y, Li Y, Xu Y, Wang F. Carbon Nanotube Mode-Locked Thulium Fiber Laser With 200 nm Tuning Range. Sci Rep 2017; 7:45109. [PMID: 28322327 PMCID: PMC5359638 DOI: 10.1038/srep45109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
We demonstrated a mode-locked thulium/holmium (Tm/Ho) fiber laser continuously tunable across 200 nm (from 1860 nm to 2060 nm), which to the best of our knowledge represents the widest tuning range ever achieved for a passively mode-locked fiber laser oscillator. The combined use of a broadband carbon nanotube (CNT) saturable absorber and a diffraction grating mirror ensures ultra-broad tuning range, superb stability and repeatability, and makes the demonstrated laser a highly practical source for spectroscopy, imaging and optical communications. The laser emits <5 ps pulses with an optical spectral bandwidth of ∼3 nm across the full tuning range. Our results indicate that carbon nanotubes can be an excellent saturable absorber for achieving gain-bandwidth-limited tunable operation for 2 μm thulium fiber lasers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yafei Meng
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yao Li
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yongbing Xu
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Fengqiu Wang
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
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Double-Wall Carbon Nanotube Hybrid Mode-Locker in Tm-doped Fibre Laser: A Novel Mechanism for Robust Bound-State Solitons Generation. Sci Rep 2017; 7:44314. [PMID: 28287159 PMCID: PMC5347134 DOI: 10.1038/srep44314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The complex nonlinear dynamics of mode-locked fibre lasers, including a broad variety of dissipative structures and self-organization effects, have drawn significant research interest. Around the 2 μm band, conventional saturable absorbers (SAs) possess small modulation depth and slow relaxation time and, therefore, are incapable of ensuring complex inter-pulse dynamics and bound-state soliton generation. We present observation of multi-soliton complex generation in mode-locked thulium (Tm)-doped fibre laser, using double-wall carbon nanotubes (DWNT-SA) and nonlinear polarisation evolution (NPE). The rigid structure of DWNTs ensures high modulation depth (64%), fast relaxation (1.25 ps) and high thermal damage threshold. This enables formation of 560-fs soliton pulses; two-soliton bound-state with 560 fs pulse duration and 1.37 ps separation; and singlet+doublet soliton structures with 1.8 ps duration and 6 ps separation. Numerical simulations based on the vectorial nonlinear Schr¨odinger equation demonstrate a transition from single-pulse to two-soliton bound-states generation. The results imply that DWNTs are an excellent SA for the formation of steady single- and multi-soliton structures around 2 μm region, which could not be supported by single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWNTs). The combination of the potential bandwidth resource around 2 μm with the soliton molecule concept for encoding two bits of data per clock period opens exciting opportunities for data-carrying capacity enhancement.
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Zhang X, Selkirk A, Zhang S, Huang J, Li Y, Xie Y, Dong N, Cui Y, Zhang L, Blau WJ, Wang J. MoS 2 /Carbon Nanotube Core-Shell Nanocomposites for Enhanced Nonlinear Optical Performance. Chemistry 2017; 23:3321-3327. [PMID: 27935132 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201604395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Nanocomposites of layered MoS2 and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) with core-shell structure were prepared by a simple solvothermal method. The formation of MoS2 nanosheets on the surface of coaxial CNTs has been confirmed by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, absorption spectrum, Raman spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Enhanced third-order nonlinear optical performances were observed for both femtosecond and nanosecond laser pulses over a broad wavelength range from the visible to the near infrared, compared to those of MoS2 and CNTs alone. The enhancement can be ascribed to the strong coupling effect and the photoinduced charge transfer between MoS2 and CNTs. This work affords an efficient way to fabricate novel CNTs based nanocomposites for enhanced nonlinear light-matter interaction. The versatile nonlinear properties imply a huge potential of the nanocomposites in the development of nanophotonic devices, such as mode-lockers, optical limiters, or optical switches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Materials for High-Power Laser, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics (SIOM), Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS), Shanghai, 201800, P. R. China
| | - Andrew Selkirk
- The Centre for Research on Adaptative Nanostructures and Nanodevices, School of Physics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, 2, Ireland
| | - Saifeng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Materials for High-Power Laser, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics (SIOM), Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS), Shanghai, 201800, P. R. China
| | - Jiawei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Materials for High-Power Laser, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics (SIOM), Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS), Shanghai, 201800, P. R. China
| | - Yuanxin Li
- Key Laboratory of Materials for High-Power Laser, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics (SIOM), Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS), Shanghai, 201800, P. R. China
| | - Yafeng Xie
- Key Laboratory of Materials for High-Power Laser, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics (SIOM), Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS), Shanghai, 201800, P. R. China
| | - Ningning Dong
- Key Laboratory of Materials for High-Power Laser, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics (SIOM), Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS), Shanghai, 201800, P. R. China
| | - Yun Cui
- Key Laboratory of Materials for High-Power Laser, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics (SIOM), Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS), Shanghai, 201800, P. R. China
| | - Long Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Materials for High-Power Laser, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics (SIOM), Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS), Shanghai, 201800, P. R. China
| | - Werner J Blau
- The Centre for Research on Adaptative Nanostructures and Nanodevices, School of Physics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, 2, Ireland
| | - Jun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Materials for High-Power Laser, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics (SIOM), Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS), Shanghai, 201800, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of High Field Laser Physics, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201800, P. R. China
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13
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He Y, Jin H, Qiu S, Li Q. A novel strategy for high-performance transparent conductive films based on double-walled carbon nanotubes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:2934-2937. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cc10252b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A high concentration of double-walled carbon nanotubes was dispersed by a carbazole-based conjugated polymer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan He
- Key Laboratory of Nanodevices and Applications
- Suzhou Institute of Nanotech and Nanobionics
- Chinese Academy of Science
- Suzhou 215123
- P. R. China
| | - Hehua Jin
- Key Laboratory of Nanodevices and Applications
- Suzhou Institute of Nanotech and Nanobionics
- Chinese Academy of Science
- Suzhou 215123
- P. R. China
| | - Song Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Nanodevices and Applications
- Suzhou Institute of Nanotech and Nanobionics
- Chinese Academy of Science
- Suzhou 215123
- P. R. China
| | - Qingwen Li
- Key Laboratory of Nanodevices and Applications
- Suzhou Institute of Nanotech and Nanobionics
- Chinese Academy of Science
- Suzhou 215123
- P. R. China
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14
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Wang J, Liang X, Hu G, Zheng Z, Lin S, Ouyang D, Wu X, Yan P, Ruan S, Sun Z, Hasan T. 152 fs nanotube-mode-locked thulium-doped all-fiber laser. Sci Rep 2016; 6:28885. [PMID: 27374764 PMCID: PMC4931500 DOI: 10.1038/srep28885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ultrafast fiber lasers with broad bandwidth and short pulse duration have a variety of applications, such as ultrafast time-resolved spectroscopy and supercontinuum generation. We report a simple and compact all-fiber thulium-doped femtosecond laser mode-locked by carbon nanotubes. The oscillator operates in slightly normal cavity dispersion at 0.055 ps2, and delivers 152 fs pulses with 52.8 nm bandwidth and 0.19 nJ pulse energy. This is the shortest pulse duration and the widest spectral width demonstrated from Tm-doped all-fiber lasers based on 1 or 2 dimensional nanomaterials, underscoring their growing potential as versatile saturable absorber materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinzhang Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Laser Engineering, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Xiaoyan Liang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Laser Engineering, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Guohua Hu
- Cambridge Graphene Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0FA, United Kingdom
| | - Zhijian Zheng
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Laser Engineering, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Shenghua Lin
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Laser Engineering, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Deqin Ouyang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Laser Engineering, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Xu Wu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Laser Engineering, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Peiguang Yan
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Laser Engineering, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Shuangchen Ruan
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Laser Engineering, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Zhipei Sun
- Department of Micro- and Nanosciences, Aalto University, Aalto, FI-00076, Finland
| | - Tawfique Hasan
- Cambridge Graphene Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0FA, United Kingdom
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15
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Krylov AA, Chernykh DS, Arutyunyan NR, Grebenyukov VV, Pozharov AS, Obraztsova ED. Generation regimes of bidirectional hybridly mode-locked ultrashort pulse erbium-doped all-fiber ring laser with a distributed polarizer. APPLIED OPTICS 2016; 55:4201-4209. [PMID: 27411151 DOI: 10.1364/ao.55.004201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We report on the stable picosecond and femtosecond pulse generation from the bidirectional erbium-doped all-fiber ring laser hybridly mode-locked with a coaction of a single-walled carbon nanotube-based saturable absorber and nonlinear polarization evolution that was introduced through the insertion of the short-segment polarizing fiber. Depending on the total intracavity dispersion value, the laser emits conservative solitons, transform-limited Gaussian pulses, or highly chirped stretched pulses with almost 20 nm wide parabolic spectrum in both clockwise (CW) and counterclockwise (CCW) directions of the ring. Owing to the polarizing action in the cavity, we have demonstrated for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, an efficient tuning of soliton pulse characteristics for both CW and CCW channels via an appropriate polarization control. We believe that the bidirectional laser presented may be highly promising for gyroscopic and other dual-channel applications.
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16
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Xu S, Wang F, Zhu C, Meng Y, Liu Y, Liu W, Tang J, Liu K, Hu G, Howe RCT, Hasan T, Zhang R, Shi Y, Xu Y. Ultrafast nonlinear photoresponse of single-wall carbon nanotubes: a broadband degenerate investigation. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:9304-9309. [PMID: 27088630 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr00652c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Understanding of the fundamental photoresponse of carbon nanotubes has broad implications for various photonic and optoelectronic devices. Here, Z-scan and pump-probe spectroscopy performed across 600-2400 nm were combined to give a broadband 'degenerate' mapping of the nonlinear absorption properties of single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWNTs). In contrast to the views obtained from non-degenerate techniques, sizable saturable absorption is observed from the visible to the near-infrared range, including the spectral regions between semiconducting excitonic peaks and metallic tube transitions. In addition, the broadband mapping unambiguously reveals a photobleaching to photoinduced absorption transition feature within the first semiconducting excitonic band ∼2100 nm, quantitatively marking the long-wavelength cut-off for saturable absorption of the SWNTs investigated. Our findings present a much clearer physical picture of SWNTs' nonlinear absorption characteristics, and help provide updated design guidelines for SWNT based nonlinear optical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Xu
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.
| | - Fengqiu Wang
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.
| | - Chunhui Zhu
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.
| | - Yafei Meng
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.
| | - Yujie Liu
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.
| | - Wenqing Liu
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.
| | - Jingyi Tang
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics and Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Kaihui Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics and Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Guohua Hu
- Cambridge Graphene Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0FA, UK
| | - Richard C T Howe
- Cambridge Graphene Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0FA, UK
| | - Tawfique Hasan
- Cambridge Graphene Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0FA, UK
| | - Rong Zhang
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.
| | - Yi Shi
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.
| | - Yongbing Xu
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.
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17
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Chernysheva M, Mou C, Arif R, AlAraimi M, Rümmeli M, Turitsyn S, Rozhin A. High Power Q-Switched Thulium Doped Fibre Laser using Carbon Nanotube Polymer Composite Saturable Absorber. Sci Rep 2016; 6:24220. [PMID: 27063511 PMCID: PMC4827123 DOI: 10.1038/srep24220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
We have proposed and demonstrated a Q-switched Thulium doped fibre laser (TDFL) with a 'Yin-Yang' all-fibre cavity scheme based on a combination of nonlinear optical loop mirror (NOLM) and nonlinear amplified loop mirror (NALM). Unidirectional lasing operation has been achieved without any intracavity isolator. By using a carbon nanotube polymer composite based saturable absorber (SA), we demonstrated the laser output power of ~197 mW and pulse energy of 1.7 μJ. To the best of our knowledge, this is the highest output power from a nanotube polymer composite SA based Q-switched Thulium doped fibre laser.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Chernysheva
- Aston Institute of Photonic Technologies (AIPT), Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham, B4 7ET, United Kingdom
| | - Chengbo Mou
- Aston Institute of Photonic Technologies (AIPT), Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham, B4 7ET, United Kingdom.,The Key Laboratory of Specialty Fiber Optics and Optical Access Network, Shanghai University, 200072, Shanghai, China
| | - Raz Arif
- Aston Institute of Photonic Technologies (AIPT), Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham, B4 7ET, United Kingdom.,Physics Department, Faculty of Science, University of Sulaimani, Sulaimani, Iraq-Kurdistan Region
| | - Mohammed AlAraimi
- Aston Institute of Photonic Technologies (AIPT), Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham, B4 7ET, United Kingdom.,Engineering Department, Al Musanna College of Technology, 314, Muladdah Musanna, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Mark Rümmeli
- Leibniz Institute of Solid State and Materials Research, IFW, Helmholtzstraβe 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Sergei Turitsyn
- Aston Institute of Photonic Technologies (AIPT), Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham, B4 7ET, United Kingdom.,Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogova Str., Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Aleksey Rozhin
- Aston Institute of Photonic Technologies (AIPT), Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham, B4 7ET, United Kingdom
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18
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Polarization and Thickness Dependent Absorption Properties of Black Phosphorus: New Saturable Absorber for Ultrafast Pulse Generation. Sci Rep 2015; 5:15899. [PMID: 26514090 PMCID: PMC4626849 DOI: 10.1038/srep15899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Black phosphorus (BP) has recently been rediscovered as a new and interesting two-dimensional material due to its unique electronic and optical properties. Here, we study the linear and nonlinear optical properties of BP flakes. We observe that both the linear and nonlinear optical properties are anisotropic and can be tuned by the film thickness in BP, completely different from other typical two-dimensional layered materials (e.g., graphene and the most studied transition metal dichalcogenides). We then use the nonlinear optical properties of BP for ultrafast (pulse duration down to ~786 fs in mode-locking) and large-energy (pulse energy up to >18 nJ in Q-switching) pulse generation in fiber lasers at the near-infrared telecommunication band ~1.5 μm. We observe that the output of our BP based pulsed lasers is linearly polarized (with a degree-of-polarization ~98% in mode-locking, >99% in Q-switching, respectively) due to the anisotropic optical property of BP. Our results underscore the relatively large optical nonlinearity of BP with unique polarization and thickness dependence, and its potential for polarized optical pulse generation, paving the way to BP based nonlinear and ultrafast photonic applications (e.g., ultrafast all-optical polarization switches/modulators, frequency converters etc.).
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19
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Ferrari AC, Bonaccorso F, Fal'ko V, Novoselov KS, Roche S, Bøggild P, Borini S, Koppens FHL, Palermo V, Pugno N, Garrido JA, Sordan R, Bianco A, Ballerini L, Prato M, Lidorikis E, Kivioja J, Marinelli C, Ryhänen T, Morpurgo A, Coleman JN, Nicolosi V, Colombo L, Fert A, Garcia-Hernandez M, Bachtold A, Schneider GF, Guinea F, Dekker C, Barbone M, Sun Z, Galiotis C, Grigorenko AN, Konstantatos G, Kis A, Katsnelson M, Vandersypen L, Loiseau A, Morandi V, Neumaier D, Treossi E, Pellegrini V, Polini M, Tredicucci A, Williams GM, Hong BH, Ahn JH, Kim JM, Zirath H, van Wees BJ, van der Zant H, Occhipinti L, Di Matteo A, Kinloch IA, Seyller T, Quesnel E, Feng X, Teo K, Rupesinghe N, Hakonen P, Neil SRT, Tannock Q, Löfwander T, Kinaret J. Science and technology roadmap for graphene, related two-dimensional crystals, and hybrid systems. NANOSCALE 2015; 7:4598-810. [PMID: 25707682 DOI: 10.1039/c4nr01600a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 991] [Impact Index Per Article: 110.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
We present the science and technology roadmap for graphene, related two-dimensional crystals, and hybrid systems, targeting an evolution in technology, that might lead to impacts and benefits reaching into most areas of society. This roadmap was developed within the framework of the European Graphene Flagship and outlines the main targets and research areas as best understood at the start of this ambitious project. We provide an overview of the key aspects of graphene and related materials (GRMs), ranging from fundamental research challenges to a variety of applications in a large number of sectors, highlighting the steps necessary to take GRMs from a state of raw potential to a point where they might revolutionize multiple industries. We also define an extensive list of acronyms in an effort to standardize the nomenclature in this emerging field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea C Ferrari
- Cambridge Graphene Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0FA, UK.
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20
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Woodward RI, Kelleher EJR, Runcorn TH, Loranger S, Popa D, Wittwer VJ, Ferrari AC, Popov SV, Kashyap R, Taylor JR. Fiber grating compression of giant-chirped nanosecond pulses from an ultra-long nanotube mode-locked fiber laser. OPTICS LETTERS 2015; 40:387-390. [PMID: 25680054 DOI: 10.1364/ol.40.000387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate that the giant chirp of coherent, nanosecond pulses generated in an 846 m long, all-normal dispersion, nanotube mode-locked fiber laser can be compensated using a chirped fiber Bragg grating compressor. Linear compression to 11 ps is reported, corresponding to an extreme compression factor of ∼100. Experimental results are supported by numerical modeling, which is also used to probe the limits of this technique. Our results unequivocally conclude that ultra-long cavity fiber lasers can support stable dissipative soliton attractors and highlight the design simplicity for pulse-energy scaling through cavity elongation.
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