1
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Yang Q, Gong Z, Xiao S, Zhang D, Ma L. Establishing Ohmic Contact of a Radial Compressed CNT Bundle with High Work Function Metal. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:10460-10467. [PMID: 38441484 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c03395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Establishing low-resistance ohmic contact is critical for developing electronic devices based on traditional silicon and new low-dimensional materials. Due to unprecedented electronic and mechanical properties, the one-dimensional carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been used as source/drain, gate, or tunnel to fabricate transistors. However, the mechanism causing low-resistance ohmic contact is not clear yet. Here, the hybrid atomic force microscopy-scanning electron microscopy (AFM-SEM) instrument was developed to establish lower-resistance ohmic contact between a radial compressed deformed multiwalled CNT bundle and high work function metal (platinum and gold). The radial compression structure under strong van der Waals attraction was in situ characterized through the SEM image to obtain the diameter and width and through AFM to get height and to perform nanoindentation, indicating that Pt has the smaller radial compression deformation. Molecular dynamics simulations exhibit that compared to Pt, a wider ribbon-like graphene layer formed when the radial compressed CNTs contacted with Au. The bond forming and electron orbital overlapping between C atoms of deformed CNTs and the high work function metal atom is beneficial for good electrical contact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Yang
- College of Integrated Circuits, ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Zhihao Gong
- Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 311200, China
| | - Shungen Xiao
- School of Information Engineering, Ningde Normal University, Ningde 352100, China
| | - Dongxing Zhang
- Shenzhen Institute for Advanced Study, University of Electronics Science and Technology of China, Shenzhen 518110, China
| | - Li Ma
- School of Mechatronic Engineering and Automation, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
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2
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Hu C, Chen J, Zhou X, Xie Y, Huang X, Wu Z, Ma S, Zhang Z, Xu K, Wan N, Zhang Y, Liang Q, Shi Z. Collapse of carbon nanotubes due to local high-pressure from van der Waals encapsulation. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3486. [PMID: 38664428 PMCID: PMC11045769 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47903-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Van der Waals (vdW) assembly of low-dimensional materials has proven the capability of creating structures with on-demand properties. It is predicted that the vdW encapsulation can induce a local high-pressure of a few GPa, which will strongly modify the structure and property of trapped materials. Here, we report on the structural collapse of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) induced by the vdW encapsulation. By simply covering CNTs with a hexagonal boron nitride flake, most of the CNTs (≈77%) convert from a tubular structure to a collapsed flat structure. Regardless of their original diameters, all the collapsed CNTs exhibit a uniform height of ≈0.7 nm, which is roughly the thickness of bilayer graphene. Such structural collapse is further confirmed by Raman spectroscopy, which shows a prominent broadening and blue shift in the Raman G-peak. The vdW encapsulation-induced collapse of CNTs is fully captured by molecular dynamics simulations of the local vdW pressure. Further near-field optical characterization reveals a metal-semiconductor transition in accompany with the CNT structural collapse. Our study provides not only a convenient approach to generate local high-pressure for fundamental research, but also a collapsed-CNT semiconductor for nanoelectronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Hu
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Structures and Quantum Control (Ministry of Education), School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiajun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Structures and Quantum Control (Ministry of Education), School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing, China
| | - Xianliang Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Structures and Quantum Control (Ministry of Education), School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing, China
| | - Yufeng Xie
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Structures and Quantum Control (Ministry of Education), School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing, China
| | - Xinyue Huang
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Structures and Quantum Control (Ministry of Education), School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhenghan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Structures and Quantum Control (Ministry of Education), School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing, China
| | - Saiqun Ma
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Structures and Quantum Control (Ministry of Education), School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhichun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Structures and Quantum Control (Ministry of Education), School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing, China
| | - Kunqi Xu
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Structures and Quantum Control (Ministry of Education), School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing, China
| | - Neng Wan
- Key laboratory of MEMS of Ministry of Education, School of Integrated Circuits, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yueheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Structures and Quantum Control (Ministry of Education), School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing, China
| | - Qi Liang
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Structures and Quantum Control (Ministry of Education), School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing, China
- Tsung-Dao Lee Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiwen Shi
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Structures and Quantum Control (Ministry of Education), School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing, China.
- Tsung-Dao Lee Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
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3
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Picheau E, Impellizzeri A, Rybkovskiy D, Bayle M, Mevellec JY, Hof F, Saadaoui H, Noé L, Torres Dias AC, Duvail JL, Monthioux M, Humbert B, Puech P, Ewels CP, Pénicaud A. Intense Raman D Band without Disorder in Flattened Carbon Nanotubes. ACS NANO 2021; 15:596-603. [PMID: 33444504 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c06048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Above a critical diameter, single- or few-walled carbon nanotubes spontaneously collapse as flattened carbon nanotubes. Raman spectra of isolated flattened and cylindrical carbon nanotubes have been recorded. The collapse provokes an intense and narrow D band, despite the absence of any lattice disorder. The curvature change near the edge cavities activates a D band, despite framework continuity. Theoretical calculations based on Placzek approximation fully corroborate this experimental finding. Usually used as a tool to quantify defect density in graphenic structures, the D band cannot be used as such in the presence of a graphene fold. This conclusion should serve as a basis to revisit materials comprising structural distortion where poor carbon organization was concluded on a Raman basis. Our finding also emphasizes the different visions of a defect between chemists and physicists, a possible source of confusion for researchers working in nanotechnologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Picheau
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, Centre de Recherche Paul Pascal, UMR5031, 33600 Pessac, France
| | - Anthony Impellizzeri
- Université de Nantes, CNRS, Institut des Matériaux Jean Rouxel, IMN, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Dmitry Rybkovskiy
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Skolkovo Innovation Center, 3 Nobel Street, Moscow 121025, Russia
| | - Maxime Bayle
- Université de Nantes, CNRS, Institut des Matériaux Jean Rouxel, IMN, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Jean-Yves Mevellec
- Université de Nantes, CNRS, Institut des Matériaux Jean Rouxel, IMN, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Ferdinand Hof
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, Centre de Recherche Paul Pascal, UMR5031, 33600 Pessac, France
| | - Hassan Saadaoui
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, Centre de Recherche Paul Pascal, UMR5031, 33600 Pessac, France
| | - Laure Noé
- CEMES, UPR8011-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, 29 Rue Jeanne Marvig, 31055 Toulouse, CEDEX 04, France
| | - Abraao Cefas Torres Dias
- CEMES, UPR8011-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, 29 Rue Jeanne Marvig, 31055 Toulouse, CEDEX 04, France
| | - Jean-Luc Duvail
- Université de Nantes, CNRS, Institut des Matériaux Jean Rouxel, IMN, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Marc Monthioux
- CEMES, UPR8011-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, 29 Rue Jeanne Marvig, 31055 Toulouse, CEDEX 04, France
| | - Bernard Humbert
- Université de Nantes, CNRS, Institut des Matériaux Jean Rouxel, IMN, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Pascal Puech
- CEMES, UPR8011-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, 29 Rue Jeanne Marvig, 31055 Toulouse, CEDEX 04, France
| | - Christopher P Ewels
- Université de Nantes, CNRS, Institut des Matériaux Jean Rouxel, IMN, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Alain Pénicaud
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, Centre de Recherche Paul Pascal, UMR5031, 33600 Pessac, France
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4
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Arroyo-Gascón O, Fernández-Perea R, Suárez Morell E, Cabrillo C, Chico L. One-Dimensional Moiré Superlattices and Flat Bands in Collapsed Chiral Carbon Nanotubes. NANO LETTERS 2020; 20:7588-7593. [PMID: 32870695 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c03091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate that one-dimensional moiré patterns, analogous to those found in twisted bilayer graphene, can arise in collapsed chiral carbon nanotubes. Resorting to a combination of approaches, namely, molecular dynamics to obtain the relaxed geometries and tight-binding calculations validated against ab initio modeling, we find that magic angle physics occur in collapsed carbon nanotubes. Velocity reduction, flat bands, and localization in AA regions with diminishing moiré angle are revealed, showing a magic angle close to 1°. From the spatial extension of the AA regions and the width of the flat bands, we estimate that many-body interactions in these systems are stronger than in twisted bilayer graphene. Chiral collapsed carbon nanotubes stand out as promising candidates to explore many-body effects and superconductivity in low dimensions, emerging as the one-dimensional analogues of twisted bilayer graphene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Arroyo-Gascón
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientı́ficas, C/Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz 3, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ricardo Fernández-Perea
- Instituto de Estructura de la Materia, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientı́ficas, Serrano 123, E-28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Eric Suárez Morell
- Departamento de Fı́sica, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa Marı́a, Casilla 110-V, Valparaı́so, Chile
| | - Carlos Cabrillo
- Instituto de Estructura de la Materia, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientı́ficas, Serrano 123, E-28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Leonor Chico
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientı́ficas, C/Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz 3, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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5
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Yang F, Wang M, Zhang D, Yang J, Zheng M, Li Y. Chirality Pure Carbon Nanotubes: Growth, Sorting, and Characterization. Chem Rev 2020; 120:2693-2758. [PMID: 32039585 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) have been attracting tremendous attention owing to their structure (chirality) dependent outstanding properties, which endow them with great potential in a wide range of applications. The preparation of chirality-pure SWCNTs is not only a great scientific challenge but also a crucial requirement for many high-end applications. As such, research activities in this area over the last two decades have been very extensive. In this review, we summarize recent achievements and accumulated knowledge thus far and discuss future developments and remaining challenges from three aspects: controlled growth, postsynthesis sorting, and characterization techniques. In the growth part, we focus on the mechanism of chirality-controlled growth and catalyst design. In the sorting part, we organize and analyze existing literature based on sorting targets rather than methods. Since chirality assignment and quantification is essential in the study of selective preparation, we also include in the last part a comprehensive description and discussion of characterization techniques for SWCNTs. It is our view that even though progress made in this area is impressive, more efforts are still needed to develop both methodologies for preparing ultrapure (e.g., >99.99%) SWCNTs in large quantity and nondestructive fast characterization techniques with high spatial resolution for various nanotube samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Daqi Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Juan Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Ming Zheng
- Materials Science and Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Yan Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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6
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Li H, Li M, Li F, Kang Z. Compression-driven collapse of nanotubes. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 31:025603. [PMID: 31550692 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ab4765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Nanotubes are prone to collapsing under compression due to the competition between the bending stiffness of the walls and the van der Waals interactions. The different radial morphologies during collapse may affect the electrical properties of nanotube, which may find promising potential applications in strain engineering. In this paper, the finite-deformation model is introduced to determine the radial morphologies, energy barrier and radial deformability of a nanotube under compression, in which the adhesion interactions are analytically obtained. The analytical solutions of the radial morphologies during compression are consistent with the molecular dynamics simulations results, indicating the effectiveness of the finite-deformation model. The analytical results reveal that both the energy barrier and the radial deformability show a decreasing tendency with the increase of the nanotube diameter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Analysis for Industrial Equipment, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, People's Republic of China
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7
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He M, Dong J, Wang H, Xue H, Wu Q, Xin B, Gao W, He X, Yu J, Sun H, Ding F, Zhang J. Advance in Close-Edged Graphene Nanoribbon: Property Investigation and Structure Fabrication. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2019; 15:e1804473. [PMID: 30663240 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201804473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Revised: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The absence of dangling bonds in close-edged graphene nanoribbons (CEGNRs) confers upon them a series of fascinating properties, especially when compared with cylindrical carbon nanotubes and open-edged GNRs. Here, the configuration of CEGNRs is described, followed by the structure-related properties, including mechanical, thermal, electrical, optical, and magnetic properties. Based on the unique structures and extraordinary properties, their potential applications in a variety of fields, such as field-effect transistors, energy suppliers, nanoactuators, and fibers, are discussed. Remarkably, the strategies applied for generating CEGNRs, mainly from the collapse of carbon nanotubes and graphene tubes, are depicted in detail. Finally, the prospects in the research area of CEGNRs are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maoshuai He
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Chemical Engineering, Ministry of Education, Taishan Scholar Advantage and Characteristic Discipline Team of Eco Chemical Process and Technology, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266590, China
| | - Jichen Dong
- Center for Multidimensional Carbon Materials, Institute for Basic Science, UNIST-gil 50, Ulju-gun, Ulsan, 44919, South Korea
| | - Haomin Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266590, China
| | - Han Xue
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266590, China
| | - Qianru Wu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266590, China
| | - Benwu Xin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266590, China
| | - Wenke Gao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266590, China
| | - Xiaolong He
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266590, China
| | - Jin Yu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266590, China
| | - Haidong Sun
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266590, China
| | - Feng Ding
- Center for Multidimensional Carbon Materials, Institute for Basic Science, UNIST-gil 50, Ulju-gun, Ulsan, 44919, South Korea
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, 44919, South Korea
| | - Jin Zhang
- Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
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8
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He M, Zhang S, Wu Q, Xue H, Xin B, Wang D, Zhang J. Designing Catalysts for Chirality-Selective Synthesis of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes: Past Success and Future Opportunity. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1800805. [PMID: 30160811 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201800805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Revised: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A major obstacle for the applications of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) in electronic devices is their structural diversity, ending in SWNTs with diverse electrical properties. Catalytic chemical vapor deposition has shown great promise in directly synthesizing high-quality SWNTs with a high selectivity to specific chirality (n, m). During the growth process, the tube-catalyst interface plays crucial roles in regulating the SWNT nucleation thermodynamics and growth kinetics, ultimately governing the SWNT chirality distribution. Starting with the introduction of SWNT growth modes, this review seeks to extend the knowledge about chirality-selective synthesis by clarifying the energetically favored SWNT cap nucleation and the threshold step for SWNT growth, which describes how the tube-catalyst interface affects both the nucleus energy and the new carbon atom incorporation. Such understandings are subsequently applied to interpret the (n, m) specific growth achieved on a variety of templates, such as SWNT segments or predefined molecular seeds, transition metal (Fe, Co and Ni)-containing catalysts at low reaction temperatures, W-based alloy catalysts, and metal carbides at relatively high reaction temperatures. The up to date achievements on chirality-controlled synthesis of SWNTs is summarized and the remaining major challenges existing in the SWNT synthesis field are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maoshuai He
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Chemical Engineering, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266590, China
| | - Shuchen Zhang
- Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Qianru Wu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266590, China
| | - Han Xue
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266590, China
| | - Benwu Xin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266590, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Chemical Engineering, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, China
- State Key Laboratory of Multi-Phase Complex Systems, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
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9
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Li M, Li H, Li F, Kang Z, Meng X. Mechanics of the folding of a nanotube. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2018; 29:475602. [PMID: 30160246 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aaddc3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Nanotubes fold due to the competition between their mechanical stability and van der Waals interactions. The caused dramatic morphology change promises exciting applications of nanotubes in responsive and reconfigurable nanodevices. To investigate the folding mechanism, a curvature-based finite-deformation theoretical model simultaneously considering both the folding of a nanotube and the possible collapsing of the cross-section is developed. The predicted critical condition and the profiles in both axial and transverse directions agree well with molecular dynamics (MD) solutions, demonstrating that the cross-sectional deformation should be taken into account when investigating the folding of a nanotube with a large diameter. Moreover, simple scaling laws of the critical conditions are proposed through a small-deformation theoretical model. With these scaling laws, one can easily and quickly determine both the collapsing state of the cross-section and the folding state of the nanotube with only geometrical parameters [Formula: see text] rather than the difficult-to-determine material properties [Formula: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Li
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Analysis for Industrial Equipment, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, People's Republic of China
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10
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Island JO, Ostermann M, Aspitarte L, Minot ED, Varsano D, Molinari E, Rontani M, Steele GA. Interaction-Driven Giant Orbital Magnetic Moments in Carbon Nanotubes. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 121:127704. [PMID: 30296145 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.121.127704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes continue to be model systems for studies of confinement and interactions. This is particularly true in the case of so-called "ultraclean" carbon nanotube devices offering the study of quantum dots with extremely low disorder. The quality of such systems, however, has increasingly revealed glaring discrepancies between experiment and theory. Here, we address the outstanding anomaly of exceptionally large orbital magnetic moments in carbon nanotube quantum dots. We perform low temperature magnetotransport measurements of the orbital magnetic moment and find it is up to 7 times larger than expected from the conventional semiclassical model. Moreover, the magnitude of the magnetic moment monotonically drops with the addition of each electron to the quantum dot directly contradicting the widely accepted shell filling picture of single-particle levels. We carry out quasiparticle calculations, both from first principles and within the effective-mass approximation, and find the giant magnetic moments can only be captured by considering a self-energy correction to the electronic band structure due to electron-electron interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua O Island
- Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, Lorentzweg 1, 2628 CJ Delft, Netherlands
| | - Marvin Ostermann
- Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, Lorentzweg 1, 2628 CJ Delft, Netherlands
| | - Lee Aspitarte
- Department of Physics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, USA
| | - Ethan D Minot
- Department of Physics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, USA
| | | | - Elisa Molinari
- CNR-NANO, Via Campi 213a, 41125 Modena, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche, Informatiche e Matematiche (FIM), Università degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | | | - Gary A Steele
- Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, Lorentzweg 1, 2628 CJ Delft, Netherlands
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11
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Yuan X, Wang Y. Collapsed adhesion of carbon nanotubes on silicon substrates: continuum mechanics and atomistic simulations. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2018; 29:075705. [PMID: 29256867 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aaa2db] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) can undergo collapse from the ordinary cylindrical configurations to bilayer ribbons when adhered on substrates. In this study, the collapsed adhesion of CNTs on the silicon substrates is investigated using both classical molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and continuum analysis. The governing equations and transversality conditions are derived based on the minimum potential energy principle and the energy-variational method, considering both the van der Waals interactions between CNTs and substrates and those inside CNTs. Closed-form solutions for the collapsed configuration are obtained which show good agreement with the results of MD simulations. The stability of adhesive configurations is investigated by analyzing the energy states. It is found that the adhesive states of single-walled CNTs (SWCNTs) (n, n) on the silicon substrates can be categorized by two critical radii, 0.716 and 0.892 nm. For SWCNTs with radius larger than 0.892 nm, they would fully collapse on the silicon substrates. For SWCNTs with radius less than 0.716 nm, the initial cylindrical configuration is energetically favorable. For SWCNTs with radius between two critical radii, the radially deformed state is metastable. The non-contact ends of all collapsed SWCNTs are identical with the same arc length of 2.38 nm. Finally, the role of number of walls on the adhesive configuration is investigated quantitatively. For multi-walled CNTs with the number of walls exceeding a certain value, the cylindrical configuration is stable due to the increasing bending stiffness. The present study can be useful for the design of CNT-based nanodevices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuebo Yuan
- Center for Composite Materials, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150080, People's Republic of China
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12
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Barzegar HR, Yan A, Coh S, Gracia-Espino E, Dunn G, Wågberg T, Louie SG, Cohen ML, Zettl A. Electrostatically Driven Nanoballoon Actuator. NANO LETTERS 2016; 16:6787-6791. [PMID: 27704855 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b02394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate an inflatable nanoballoon actuator based on geometrical transitions between the inflated (cylindrical) and collapsed (flattened) forms of a carbon nanotube. In situ transmission electron microscopy experiments employing a nanoelectromechanical manipulator show that a collapsed carbon nanotube can be reinflated by electrically charging the nanotube, thus realizing an electrostatically driven nanoballoon actuator. We find that the tube actuator can be reliably cycled with only modest control voltages (few volts) with no apparent wear or fatigue. A complementary theoretical analysis identifies critical parameters for nanotube nanoballoon actuation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Reza Barzegar
- Department of Physics, University of California , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Department of Physics, Umea University , 90187 Umea, Sweden
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Kavli Energy NanoSciences Institute at the University of California, Berkeley and the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Aiming Yan
- Department of Physics, University of California , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Kavli Energy NanoSciences Institute at the University of California, Berkeley and the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Sinisa Coh
- Department of Physics, University of California , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | | | - Gabriel Dunn
- Department of Physics, University of California , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Kavli Energy NanoSciences Institute at the University of California, Berkeley and the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Thomas Wågberg
- Department of Physics, Umea University , 90187 Umea, Sweden
| | - Steven G Louie
- Department of Physics, University of California , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Marvin L Cohen
- Department of Physics, University of California , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Alex Zettl
- Department of Physics, University of California , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Kavli Energy NanoSciences Institute at the University of California, Berkeley and the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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He M, Amara H, Jiang H, Hassinen J, Bichara C, Ras RHA, Lehtonen J, Kauppinen EI, Loiseau A. Key roles of carbon solubility in single-walled carbon nanotube nucleation and growth. NANOSCALE 2015; 7:20284-20289. [PMID: 26580292 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr06045a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Elucidating the roles played by carbon solubility in catalyst nanoparticles is required to better understand the growth mechanisms of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs). Here, we highlight that controlling the level of dissolved carbon is of key importance to enable nucleation and growth. We first performed tight binding based atomistic computer simulations to study carbon incorporation in metal nanoparticles with low solubilities. For such metals, carbon incorporation strongly depends on their structures (face centered cubic or icosahedral), leading to different amounts of carbon close to the nanoparticle surface. Following this idea, we then show experimentally that Au nanoparticles effectively catalyze SWNT growth when in a face centered cubic structure, and fail to do so when icosahedral. Both approaches emphasize that the presence of subsurface carbon in the nanoparticles is necessary to enable the cap lift-off, making the nucleation of SWNTs possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maoshuai He
- Laboratoire d'Étude des Microstructures, ONERA-CNRS, BP 72, 92322 Châtillon CEDEX, France.
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14
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Zhao J, Deng Q, Ly TH, Han GH, Sandeep G, Rümmeli MH. Two-dimensional membrane as elastic shell with proof on the folds revealed by three-dimensional atomic mapping. Nat Commun 2015; 6:8935. [PMID: 26581177 PMCID: PMC4673832 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms9935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The great application potential for two-dimensional (2D) membranes (MoS2, WSe2, graphene and so on) aroused much effort to understand their fundamental mechanical properties. The out-of-plane bending rigidity is the key factor that controls the membrane morphology under external fields. Herein we provide an easy method to reconstruct the 3D structures of the folded edges of these 2D membranes on the atomic scale, using high-resolution (S)TEM images. After quantitative comparison with continuum mechanics shell model, it is verified that the bending behaviour of the studied 2D materials can be well explained by the linear elastic shell model. And the bending rigidities can thus be derived by fitting with our experimental results. Recall almost only theoretical approaches can access the bending properties of these 2D membranes before, now a new experimental method to measure the bending rigidity of such flexible and atomic thick 2D membranes is proposed. The out-of-plane bending of 2D materials is an important factor to consider for applications, but is challenging to probe experimentally. Here, the authors map the out-of-plane bending in graphene and other 2D materials using high resolution electron microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiong Zhao
- Center for Integrated Nanostructure Physics, Institute for Basic Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Room 86175, Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea.,Department of Energy Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Qingming Deng
- IFW Dresden, Institute of Solid State Research, PO Box 270116, Dresden D-01171, Germany
| | - Thuc Hue Ly
- Center for Integrated Nanostructure Physics, Institute for Basic Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Room 86175, Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea.,Department of Energy Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Gang Hee Han
- Center for Integrated Nanostructure Physics, Institute for Basic Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Room 86175, Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea.,Department of Energy Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Gorantla Sandeep
- IFW Dresden, Institute of Solid State Research, PO Box 270116, Dresden D-01171, Germany
| | - Mark H Rümmeli
- Center for Integrated Nanostructure Physics, Institute for Basic Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Room 86175, Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea.,Department of Energy Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea
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Barzegar HR, Gracia-Espino E, Yan A, Ojeda-Aristizabal C, Dunn G, Wågberg T, Zettl A. C₆₀/collapsed carbon nanotube hybrids: a variant of peapods. NANO LETTERS 2015; 15:829-834. [PMID: 25557832 DOI: 10.1021/nl503388f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We examine a variant of so-called carbon nanotube peapods by packing C60 molecules inside the open edge ducts of collapsed carbon nanotubes. C60 insertion is accomplished through a facile single-step solution-based process. Theoretical modeling is used to evaluate favorable low-energy structural configurations. Overfilling of the collapsed tubes allows infiltration of C60 over the full cross-section of the tubes and consequent partial or complete reinflation, yielding few-wall, large diameter cylindrical nanotubes packed with crystalline C60 solid cores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Reza Barzegar
- Department of Physics and ∥Center of Integrated Nanomechanical Systems, University of California , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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