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Yi C, Kim T, Lee C, Ahn J, Lee M, Son HJ, Ko Y, Jun Y. Improving FAPbBr 3 Perovskite Crystal Quality via Additive Engineering for High Voltage Solar Cell over 1.5 V. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024. [PMID: 38991019 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c07749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
Lead bromide-based perovskites are promising materials as the top cells of tandem solar cells and for application in various fields requiring high voltages owing to their wide band gaps and excellent environmental resistances. However, several factors, such as the formation of bulk and surface defects, impede the performances of corresponding devices, thereby limiting the efficiencies of these devices as single-junction devices. To reduce the number of defect sites, urea is added to the formamidinium lead bromide (FAPbBr3) perovskite material to increase its grain size. Nevertheless, urea undesirably reacts with lead(II) bromide (PbBr2) in the perovskite structure, creating unfavorable impurities in the device. To solve this problem, herein, in addition to urea, we introduced formamidinium chloride (FACl) into FAPbBr3. Owing to the synergistic effect of urea and FACl, the FAPbBr3 film quality effectively improved due to suppression of the generation of impurities and stabilization of film crystallinity. Consequently, the FAPbBr3 single-junction solar cell constructed using FACl and urea as additives demonstrated a power conversion efficiency of 9.6% and an open-circuit voltage of 1.516 V with negligible hysteresis. This study provides new insights into the use of additive engineering for overcoming the energy losses caused by defects in perovskite films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chulhee Yi
- Department of Energy Environment Policy and Technology, Graduate School of Energy and Environment (KU-KIST Green School), College of Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Taemin Kim
- Department of Energy Environment Policy and Technology, Graduate School of Energy and Environment (KU-KIST Green School), College of Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Chanyong Lee
- Department of Energy Environment Policy and Technology, Graduate School of Energy and Environment (KU-KIST Green School), College of Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeonghyeon Ahn
- Department of Energy Environment Policy and Technology, Graduate School of Energy and Environment (KU-KIST Green School), College of Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Minoh Lee
- Department of Energy Environment Policy and Technology, Graduate School of Energy and Environment (KU-KIST Green School), College of Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae Jung Son
- Department of Energy Environment Policy and Technology, Graduate School of Energy and Environment (KU-KIST Green School), College of Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
- Advance Photovoltaics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Yohan Ko
- Nano Electronic Materials and Components Research Center, Gumi Electronics and Information Technology Research Institute (GERI), Gumi 39171, Republic of Korea
| | - Yongseok Jun
- Department of Energy Environment Policy and Technology, Graduate School of Energy and Environment (KU-KIST Green School), College of Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
- Advance Photovoltaics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
- Department of Integrative Energy Engineering, Graduate School of Energy and Environment (KU-KIST Green School), College of Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
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Zhuang J, Liu C, Kang B, Cheng H, Xiao M, Li L, Yan F. Rapid Surface Reconstruction in Air-Processed Perovskite Solar Cells by Blade Coating. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2309869. [PMID: 38014776 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202309869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Blade coating has been developed to be an essential technique for large-area fabrication of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). However, effective surface treatment of the perovskite layer, which is a critical step for improving PSC performance, remains challenges during blade coating due to the short interaction time between the modification solution and the perovskite layer, as well as the limited selection of available organic solvents. In this study, a novel modifier N,N-diphenylguanidine monohydrobromide (DPGABr) dissolved in acetonitrile (ACN) is blade coated on the MA0.7 FA0.3 PbI3 surface in air to reconstruct the perovskite surface in hundreds of milliseconds. This work finds that the solvent ACN rapidly dissolves organic iodide of the perovskite layer and leads to a PbI2 -rich surface, providing reactive sites for DPGABr to form a thin DPGABr/PbI2 complex layer. This surface reconstruction can effectively passivate defects and induce n-type doping on the perovskite surface to facilitate electron transfer. The resultant devices show a 15% improvement in average power conversion efficiency. More importantly, the devices with the surface reconstruction show outstanding long-term stability, with negligible performance degradation even after 1-year storage in air. This study presents a convenient and effective approach for improving the performance of blade-coated PSCs prepared in air.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhuang
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Chunki Liu
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Bochun Kang
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Haiyang Cheng
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Mingchao Xiao
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Li Li
- School of Fashion and Textiles, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Feng Yan
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P. R. China
- Research Institute of Intelligent Wearable Systems, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P. R. China
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3
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Bhawna, Alam A, Aslam M. Oxygen and moisture-induced healing of halide double perovskite surface defects. J Chem Phys 2023; 159:084703. [PMID: 37610019 DOI: 10.1063/5.0154047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
In this work, we studied the impact of environmental constituents such as oxygen (O2) and moisture on halide double perovskite (HDP) films. The transport measurements indicate that an increment in O2 concentration enhances the resistivity of a Cs2AgBiBr6 film by two orders of magnitude. The adsorption of O2 on the film's surface helps in passivation of defects (∼50% reduction in defect density on O2 exposure), which inhibits ion migration and results in an increased resistivity of the film. The process of adsorption and desorption of O2 on the film surface is found to be fully reversible. In contrast, the resistivity of double perovskite films decreases by an order of magnitude in the presence of moisture. This is attributed to the generation of free protons as a result of the dissociation of water molecules at the films' surface, hence exhibiting an increase in current under external bias. The HDP films possess high resistivity (for T < 100 °C) due to the desorption of physisorbed water layers from the surface, which gradually decreases with an increase in the operating temperature. This work demonstrates that O2 and moisture are a good combination for defect passivation in any HDPs, in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhawna
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
| | - Aftab Alam
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
| | - M Aslam
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
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4
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Moisture-triggered fast crystallization enables efficient and stable perovskite solar cells. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4891. [PMID: 35986009 PMCID: PMC9391447 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32482-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the function of moisture on perovskite is challenging since the random environmental moisture strongly disturbs the perovskite structure. Here, we develop various N2-protected characterization techniques to comprehensively study the effect of moisture on the efficient cesium, methylammonium, and formamidinium triple-cation perovskite (Cs0.05FA0.75MA0.20)Pb(I0.96Br0.04)3. In contrast to the secondary measurements, the established air-exposure-free techniques allow us directly monitor the influence of moisture during perovskite crystallization. We find a controllable moisture treatment for the intermediate perovskite can promote the mass transportation of organic salts, and help them enter the buried bottom of the films. This process accelerates the quasi-solid-solid reaction between organic salts and PbI2, enables a spatially homogeneous intermediate phase, and translates to high-quality perovskites with much-suppressed defects. Consequently, we obtain a champion device efficiency of approaching 24% with negligible hysteresis. The devices exhibit an average T80-lifetime of 852 h (maximum 1210 h) working at the maximum power point. Perovskite structure is disturbed by environmental moisture, limiting the device performance. Here, Wei et al. monitor the effect of moisture during the growth by N2-protected characterization techniques, and obtain an operationally stable perovskite solar cell with efficiency approaching 24%.
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Characterization of a New Low Temperature Encapsulation Method with Ethylene-Vinyl Acetate under UV Irradiation for Perovskite Solar Cells. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12105228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In this work, the performance of a new ethylene-vinyl acetate-based low temperature encapsulation method, conceived to protect perovskite samples from UV irradiation in ambient conditions, has been analyzed. To this purpose, perovskite samples consisting of a set of MAPbI3 (CH3NH3PbI3) films and MAPbI3 with an ETL layer were deposited over glass substrates by spin-coating techniques and encapsulated using the new method. The samples were subjected to an UV lamp or to full solar irradiation in ambient conditions, with a relative humidity of 60–80%. Microscope imaging, spectroscopic ellipsometry and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) techniques were applied to analyze the samples. The obtained results indicate UV energy is responsible for the degradation of the perovskite layer. Thus, the cut-UV characteristics of the EVA encapsulate acts as an efficient barrier, allowing the laminated samples to remain stable above 350 h under full solar irradiation compared with non-encapsulated samples. In addition, the FTIR results reveal perovskite degradation caused by UV light. To extend the study to encompass whole PSCs, simulations were carried out using the software SCAPS-1D, where the non-encapsulated devices present a short-circuit current reduction after exposure to UV irradiation, while the encapsulated ones maintained their efficiency.
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Lei Y, Xu Y, Wang M, Zhu G, Jin Z. Origin, Influence, and Countermeasures of Defects in Perovskite Solar Cells. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2005495. [PMID: 33759357 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202005495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Defects are considered to be one of the most significant factors that compromise the power conversion efficiencies and long-term stability of perovskite solar cells. Therefore, it is urgent to have a profound understanding of their formation and influence mechanism, so as to take corresponding measures to suppress or even completely eliminate their adverse effects on device performance. Herein, the possible origins of the defects in metal halide perovskite films and their impacts on the device performance are analyzed, and then various methods to reduce defect density are introduced in detail. Starting from the internal and interfacial aspects of the metal halide perovskite films, several ways to improve device performance and long-term stability including additive engineering, surface passivation, and other physical treatments (annealing engineering), etc., are further elaborated. Finally, the further understanding of defects and the development trend of passivation strategies are prospected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutian Lei
- School of Physical Science and Technology & Key Laboratory of Special Function Materials and Structure Design (MoE) & National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Optical Conversion Materials and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Youkui Xu
- School of Physical Science and Technology & Key Laboratory of Special Function Materials and Structure Design (MoE) & National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Optical Conversion Materials and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Meng Wang
- School of Physical Science and Technology & Key Laboratory of Special Function Materials and Structure Design (MoE) & National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Optical Conversion Materials and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Ge Zhu
- Key Laboratory of New Energy and Rare Earth Resource Utilization of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Key Laboratory of Photosensitive Materials & Devices of Liaoning Province, College of Physics and Materials Engineering, Dalian Minzu University, 18 Liaohe West Road, Dalian, 116600, China
| | - Zhiwen Jin
- School of Physical Science and Technology & Key Laboratory of Special Function Materials and Structure Design (MoE) & National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Optical Conversion Materials and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
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Cordero F, Craciun F, Paoletti AM, Zanotti G. Structural Transitions and Stability of FAPbI 3 and MAPbI 3: The Role of Interstitial Water. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11061610. [PMID: 34207485 PMCID: PMC8234660 DOI: 10.3390/nano11061610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
We studied the influence of water on the structural stability and transformations of MAPI and FAPI by anelastic and dielectric spectroscopies under various temperature and H2O partial pressure protocols. Before discussing the new results in terms of interstitial water in MAPI and FAPI, the literature is briefly reviewed, in search of other studies and evidences on interstitial water in hybrid halide perovskites. In hydrated MAPI, the elastic anomaly between the cubic α and tetragonal β phases may be depressed by more than 50%, demonstrating that there are H2O molecules dispersed in the perovskite lattice in interstitial form, that hinder the long range tilting of the PbI6 octahedra. Instead, in FAPI, interstitial water accelerates in both senses the reconstructive transformations between 3D α and 1D δ phases, which is useful during the crystallization of the α phase. On the other hand, the interstitial H2O molecules increase the effective size of the MA and FA cations to which are bonded, shifting the thermodynamic equilibrium from the compact perovskite structure to the open δ and hydrated phases of loosely bonded chains of PbI6 octahedra. For this reason, when fabricating devices based on hybrid metal-organic halide perovskites, it is important to reduce the content of interstitial water as much as possible before encapsulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Cordero
- Istituto di Struttura della Materia-CNR (ISM-CNR), Area della Ricerca di Roma, Tor Vergata, Via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, I-00133 Rome, Italy;
- Correspondence:
| | - Floriana Craciun
- Istituto di Struttura della Materia-CNR (ISM-CNR), Area della Ricerca di Roma, Tor Vergata, Via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, I-00133 Rome, Italy;
| | - Anna Maria Paoletti
- Istituto di Struttura della Materia-CNR (ISM-CNR), Area della Ricerca di Roma 1, Via Salaria Km 29.300, Monterotondo Scalo, I-00015 Rome, Italy; (A.M.P.); (G.Z.)
| | - Gloria Zanotti
- Istituto di Struttura della Materia-CNR (ISM-CNR), Area della Ricerca di Roma 1, Via Salaria Km 29.300, Monterotondo Scalo, I-00015 Rome, Italy; (A.M.P.); (G.Z.)
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8
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Wang X, Zou X, Zhu J, Zhang C, Cheng J, Zhou Z, Ren H, Wang Y, Li X, Ren B, Song K. Device Modeling and Design of Inverted Solar Cell Based on Comparative Experimental Analysis between Effect of Organic and Inorganic Hole Transport Layer on Morphology and Photo-Physical Property of Perovskite Thin Film. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 14:2191. [PMID: 33923298 PMCID: PMC8123108 DOI: 10.3390/ma14092191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
It is crucial to find a good material as a hole transport layer (HTL) to improve the performance of perovskite solar cells (PSCs), devices with an inverted structure. Polyethylene dioxythiophene-poly (styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) and inorganic nickel oxide (NiOx) have become hotspots in the study of hole transport materials in PSCs on account of their excellent properties. In our research, NiOx and PEDOT: PSS, two kinds of hole transport materials, were prepared and compared to study the impact of the bottom layer on the light absorption and morphology of perovskite layer. By the way, some experimental parameters are simulated by wx Analysis of Microelectronic and Photonic Structures (wxAMPS). In addition, thin interfacial layers with deep capture levels and high capture cross sections were inserted to simulate the degradation of the interface between light absorption layer and PEDOT:PSS. This work realizes the combination of experiment and simulation. Exploring the mechanism of the influence of functional layer parameters plays a vital part in the performance of devices by establishing the system design. It can be found that the perovskite film growing on NiOx has a stronger light absorption capacity, which makes the best open-circuit voltage of 0.98 V, short-circuit current density of 24.55 mA/cm2, and power conversion efficiency of 20.01%.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xiaoping Zou
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Research Center for Sensor Technology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Sensor, MOE Key Laboratory for Modern Measurement and Control Technology, School of Automation, Beijing Information Science and Technology University, Jianxiangqiao Campus, Beijing 100101, China; (X.W.); (C.Z.); (J.C.); (Z.Z.); (H.R.); (Y.W.); (X.L.); (B.R.); (K.S.)
| | - Jialin Zhu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Research Center for Sensor Technology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Sensor, MOE Key Laboratory for Modern Measurement and Control Technology, School of Automation, Beijing Information Science and Technology University, Jianxiangqiao Campus, Beijing 100101, China; (X.W.); (C.Z.); (J.C.); (Z.Z.); (H.R.); (Y.W.); (X.L.); (B.R.); (K.S.)
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9
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Fong PW, Hu H, Ren Z, Liu K, Cui L, Bi T, Liang Q, Wu Z, Hao J, Li G. Printing High-Efficiency Perovskite Solar Cells in High-Humidity Ambient Environment-An In Situ Guided Investigation. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:2003359. [PMID: 33747734 PMCID: PMC7967091 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202003359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Extensive studies are conducted on perovskite solar cells (PSCs) with significant performance advances (mainly spin coating techniques), which have encouraged recent efforts on scalable coating techniques for the manufacture of PSCs. However, devices fabricated by blade coating techniques are inferior to state-of-the-art spin-coated devices because the power conversion efficiency (PCE) is highly dependent on the morphology and crystallization kinetics in the controlled environment and the delicate solvent system engineering. In this study, based on the widely studied perovskite solution system dimethylformamide-dimethyl sulfoxide, air-knife-assisted ambient fabrication of PSCs at a high relative humidity of 55 ± 5% is reported. In-depth time-resolved UV-vis spectrometry is carried out to investigate the impact of solvent removal and crystallization rate, which are critical factors influencing the crystallization kinetics and morphology because of adventitious moisture. UV-vis spectrometry enables accurate determination of the thickness of the wet precursor film. Anti-solvent-free, high-humidity ambient coatings of hysteresis-free PSCs with PCEs of 21.1% and 18.0% are demonstrated for 0.06 and 1 cm2 devices, respectively. These PSCs exhibit comparable stability to those fabricated in a glovebox, thus demonstrating their high potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Wai‐Keung Fong
- Department of Electronic and Information EngineeringResearch Institute for Smart Energy (RISE)The Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHung HomKowloonHong KongChina
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research InstituteGuangdongShenzhen518057China
| | - Hanlin Hu
- Hoffmann Institute of Advanced MaterialsShenzhen Polytechnic7098 Liuxian BoulevardShenzhen518055China
| | - Zhiwei Ren
- Department of Electronic and Information EngineeringResearch Institute for Smart Energy (RISE)The Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHung HomKowloonHong KongChina
| | - Kuan Liu
- Department of Electronic and Information EngineeringResearch Institute for Smart Energy (RISE)The Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHung HomKowloonHong KongChina
| | - Li Cui
- Department of Electronic and Information EngineeringResearch Institute for Smart Energy (RISE)The Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHung HomKowloonHong KongChina
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research InstituteGuangdongShenzhen518057China
| | - Tao Bi
- Department of Electronic and Information EngineeringResearch Institute for Smart Energy (RISE)The Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHung HomKowloonHong KongChina
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research InstituteGuangdongShenzhen518057China
| | - Qiong Liang
- Department of Electronic and Information EngineeringResearch Institute for Smart Energy (RISE)The Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHung HomKowloonHong KongChina
| | - Zehan Wu
- Department of Applied PhysicsThe Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong Kong SARChina
| | - Jianhua Hao
- Department of Applied PhysicsThe Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong Kong SARChina
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Electronic and Information EngineeringResearch Institute for Smart Energy (RISE)The Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHung HomKowloonHong KongChina
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research InstituteGuangdongShenzhen518057China
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10
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Liu F, Wang M, Liu X, Wang B, Li C, Liu C, Lin Z, Huang F. A Rapid and Robust Light-and-Solution-Triggered In Situ Crafting of Organic Passivating Membrane over Metal Halide Perovskites for Markedly Improved Stability and Photocatalysis. NANO LETTERS 2021; 21:1643-1650. [PMID: 33570964 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c04299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Despite intriguing optoelectronic attributes in solar cells, light-emitting diodes, and photocatalysis, the instability of organic-inorganic perovskites poises a grand challenge for long-term applications. Herein, we report a simple yet robust strategy via light-and-solution treatment to create an organic membrane that effectively passivates CH3NH3PbI3 (MAPbI3). Specifically, the restructuring of MA+ is observed on MAPbI3 in aqueous hydrogen iodide. HIO3 molecules are generated via the reaction between water and I2 induced by photocatalysis when MAPbI3 is illuminated. The hydrogen bonding between HIO3 molecules at different perovskite particles not only directs the creeplike growth of perovskite particles but also in situ forms a passivating layer firmly anchoring on the perovskite surface with hydrophilic -NH3+ groups tethering to perovskites and hydrophobic -CH3 moieties exposed to air. Intriguingly, such MA+ film greatly improves the stability of perovskites against moisture as well as their crystal quality, considerably enhancing the photocatalytic hydrogen evolution rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangyan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Materials, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Mengye Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Materials, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Xiaolong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Materials, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Biao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Materials, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Caifu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Materials, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Chenning Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Zhang Lin
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Feng Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Materials, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
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11
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Ma T, Wei Y, Hu J, Chen J, Shen W, Qiu X, Wu J, You Z, Li X, Zeng H, Li Z. Polarization improvement of CsPbClBr 2 quantum dot film by laser direct writing technology. OPTICS LETTERS 2021; 46:777-780. [PMID: 33577512 DOI: 10.1364/ol.417723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Inorganic halogen perovskite quantum dots not only have high fluorescence quantum efficiency, but also can emit polarized light in solution or thin film. These excellent performances make perovskite quantum dots promising to be used in next-generation displays. In this study, we develop laser direct writing technology to improve the emitted light polarization of CsPbClBr2 quantum dot film. Without using an additional polarizer, we prove that the polarization degree is maximumly increased by about 56%, and the reasons are analyzed from three perspectives: laser scanning space, laser power, and film thickness. In addition, the lifetime of the fluorescence is also greatly improved after laser treatment. The results we obtain provide the possibility for production of a new generation of displays.
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12
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Zhang Y, Kirs A, Ambroz F, Lin CT, Bati ASR, Parkin IP, Shapter JG, Batmunkh M, Macdonald TJ. Ambient Fabrication of Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Perovskite Solar Cells. SMALL METHODS 2021; 5:e2000744. [PMID: 34927807 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202000744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have attracted significant attention in recent years due to their high-power conversion efficiency, simple fabrication, and low material cost. However, due to their high sensitivity to moisture and oxygen, high efficiency PSCs are mainly constructed in an inert environment. This has led to significant concerns associated with the long-term stability and manufacturing costs, which are some of the major limitations for the commercialization of this cutting-edge technology. Over the past few years, excellent progress in fabricating PSCs in ambient conditions has been made. These advancements have drawn considerable research interest in the photovoltaic community and shown great promise for the successful commercialization of efficient and stable PSCs. In this review, after providing an overview to the influence of an ambient fabrication environment on perovskite films, recent advances in fabricating efficient and stable PSCs in ambient conditions are discussed. Along with discussing the underlying challenges and limitations, the most appropriate strategies to fabricate efficient PSCs under ambient conditions are summarized along with multiple roadmaps to assist in the future development of this technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon St, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK
| | - Ashleigh Kirs
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon St, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK
| | - Filip Ambroz
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon St, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK
| | - Chieh-Ting Lin
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Plastic Electronics, Imperial College London, London, W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Abdulaziz S R Bati
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Ivan P Parkin
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon St, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK
| | - Joseph G Shapter
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Munkhbayar Batmunkh
- Centre for Clean Environment and Energy, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, 4222, Australia
| | - Thomas J Macdonald
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon St, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Plastic Electronics, Imperial College London, London, W12 0BZ, UK
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13
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Sukmas W, Sakulsupich V, Tsuppayakorn-Aek P, Pinsook U, Pakornchote T, Klinkla R, Bovornratanaraks T. Preferred oriented cation configurations in high pressure phases IV and V of methylammonium lead iodide perovskite. Sci Rep 2020; 10:21138. [PMID: 33273554 PMCID: PMC7713306 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-77852-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A microscopic viewpoint of structure and dipolar configurations in hybrid organic–inorganic perovskites is crucial to understanding their stability and phase transitions. The necessity of incorporating dispersion interactions in the state-of-the-art density functional theory for the \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$CH_3NH_3PbI_3$$\end{document}CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite (MAPI) is demonstrated in this work. Some of the vdW methods were selected to evaluate the corresponding energetics properties of the cubic MAPI with various azimuthally rotated MA organic cation orientations. The highest energy barrier obtained from PBEsol reaches 18.6 meV/MA-ion, which is equivalent to 216 K, the temperature above which the MA cations randomly reorient. Energy profiles calculated by vdW incorporated functionals, on the other hand, exhibit various distinct patterns. The well-developed vdW-DF-cx functional was selected, thanks to its competence, to evaluate the total energies of different MA dipolar configurations in \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$2\times 2\times 2$$\end{document}2×2×2 cubic supercell of MAPI under pressures. The centrosymmetric arrangement of the MA cations that provide zero total dipole moment configuration results in the lowest energy state profiles under pressure, while the non-centrosymmetric scheme displays a unique behaviour. Despite being overall unpolarised, the latter calculated with PBEsol leads to a rigid shift of energy from the profile obtained from the dispersive vdW-DF-cx functional. It is noteworthy that the energy profile responsible for the maximum polarised configuration nevertheless takes the second place in total energy under pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wiwittawin Sukmas
- Extreme Conditions Physics Research Laboratory (ECPRL), Physics of Energy Materials Research Unit (PEMRU), Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.,Thailand Center of Excellence in Physics, Ministry of Higher Education, Science, Research and Innovation, 328 Si Ayutthaya Road, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Vichawan Sakulsupich
- Extreme Conditions Physics Research Laboratory (ECPRL), Physics of Energy Materials Research Unit (PEMRU), Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.,Thailand Center of Excellence in Physics, Ministry of Higher Education, Science, Research and Innovation, 328 Si Ayutthaya Road, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Prutthipong Tsuppayakorn-Aek
- Extreme Conditions Physics Research Laboratory (ECPRL), Physics of Energy Materials Research Unit (PEMRU), Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.,Thailand Center of Excellence in Physics, Ministry of Higher Education, Science, Research and Innovation, 328 Si Ayutthaya Road, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Udomsilp Pinsook
- Extreme Conditions Physics Research Laboratory (ECPRL), Physics of Energy Materials Research Unit (PEMRU), Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.,Thailand Center of Excellence in Physics, Ministry of Higher Education, Science, Research and Innovation, 328 Si Ayutthaya Road, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Teerachote Pakornchote
- Extreme Conditions Physics Research Laboratory (ECPRL), Physics of Energy Materials Research Unit (PEMRU), Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.,Thailand Center of Excellence in Physics, Ministry of Higher Education, Science, Research and Innovation, 328 Si Ayutthaya Road, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Rakchat Klinkla
- Extreme Conditions Physics Research Laboratory (ECPRL), Physics of Energy Materials Research Unit (PEMRU), Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.,Thailand Center of Excellence in Physics, Ministry of Higher Education, Science, Research and Innovation, 328 Si Ayutthaya Road, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Thiti Bovornratanaraks
- Extreme Conditions Physics Research Laboratory (ECPRL), Physics of Energy Materials Research Unit (PEMRU), Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand. .,Thailand Center of Excellence in Physics, Ministry of Higher Education, Science, Research and Innovation, 328 Si Ayutthaya Road, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand.
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14
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Starkholm A, Kloo L, Svensson PH. Implicit Tandem Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Perovskite Solar Cells Based on Internal Dye Sensitization: Robotized Screening, Synthesis, Device Implementation, and Theoretical Insights. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:18437-18448. [PMID: 33054186 PMCID: PMC7596754 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c06698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Low-dimensional hybrid perovskite
materials offer significantly
improved stability as well as an extensive compositional space to
explore. However, they suffer from poor photovoltaic performance as
compared to the 3D perovskite materials because of poor charge-transport
properties. Herein, we present the concept of internal dye-sensitized
hybrid perovskite compounds involving five novel low-dimensional perovskite-type
materials 1–5 incorporating triarylmethane,
phenazinium and near-infrared (NIR) cyanine cationic dyes, respectively.
The synthesis characterization and theoretical analysis of these compounds
are presented. Theoretical calculations provide interesting insights
into the effects of these dyes on the band structure of the low-dimensional
anionic metal-halides and especially highlight compound 1 as a promising photovoltaic candidate. Solar cell investigation
of devices based on 1 were conducted. The results show
an average power conversion efficiency (PCE) of about 0.1%, which
is among the highest reported for a 1D material despite the use of
undoped Spiro-OMeTAD as the hole-transport material (HTM). Incident
photon-to-electron efficiency (IPCE) spectra confirm the contribution
of the dye to the overall photocurrent of the solar cell. Moreover,
examination of solar cell devices based on the bismuth-based compound 5 resulted in PCEs in the range of 0.1%. This illustrates
the potential of this concept to be exploited for lead-free photovoltaics.
Finally automated robotized screening of low-dimensional hybrid perovskite
materials through the screening robot PROTEUS has emerged as a powerful
tool in the search for novel perovskite-like materials. Our work highlights
that the use of cationic dyes could induce interesting sensitizing
properties to low-dimensional metal-halide chains and may therefore
provide inspiration and new design strategies for the synthesis of
new lead-free photovoltaic materials
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Affiliation(s)
- Allan Starkholm
- RISE Chemical Process and Pharmaceutical Development, Forskargatan 20J, Södertälje 15136, Sweden.,Applied Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm SE-100 44, Sweden
| | - Lars Kloo
- Applied Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm SE-100 44, Sweden
| | - Per H Svensson
- RISE Chemical Process and Pharmaceutical Development, Forskargatan 20J, Södertälje 15136, Sweden.,Applied Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm SE-100 44, Sweden
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15
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Kim M, Kim JH, Kim M, Kim CS, Choi JW, Choi K, Lee JH, Park J, Kang YC, Jin SH, Song M. Enhanced photoluminescence quantum efficiency and stability of water assisted CsPbBr3 perovskite nanocrystals. J IND ENG CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2020.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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16
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Shangguan Z, Zheng X, Zhang J, Lin W, Guo W, Li C, Wu T, Lin Y, Chen Z. The Stability of Metal Halide Perovskite Nanocrystals-A Key Issue for the Application on Quantum-Dot-Based Micro Light-Emitting Diodes Display. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 10:E1375. [PMID: 32679801 PMCID: PMC7408616 DOI: 10.3390/nano10071375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The metal halide perovskite nanocrystal (MHP-NC), an easy-to-fabricate and low cost fluorescent material, is recognized to be among the promising candidates of the color conversion material in the micro light-emitting diode (micro-LED) display, providing that the stability can be further enhanced. It is found that the water steam, oxygen, thermal radiation and light irradiation-four typical external factors in the ambient environment related to micro-LED display-can gradually alter and destroy the crystal lattice. Despite the similar phenomena of photoluminescence quenching, the respective encroaching processes related to these four factors are found to be different from one another. The encroaching mechanisms are collected and introduced in separate categories with respect to each external factor. Thereafter, a combined effect of these four factors in an environment mimicking real working conditions of micro-LED display are also introduced. Finally, recent progress on the full-color application of MHP-NC is also reviewed in brief.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Cheng Li
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, Fujian, China; (Z.S.); (X.Z.); (J.Z.); (W.L.); (W.G.); (Z.C.)
| | - Tingzhu Wu
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, Fujian, China; (Z.S.); (X.Z.); (J.Z.); (W.L.); (W.G.); (Z.C.)
| | - Yue Lin
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, Fujian, China; (Z.S.); (X.Z.); (J.Z.); (W.L.); (W.G.); (Z.C.)
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17
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George K J, Halali VV, C. G. S, Suvina V, Sakar M, Balakrishna RG. Perovskite nanomaterials as optical and electrochemical sensors. Inorg Chem Front 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0qi00306a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The perovskite family is comprised of a great number of members because of the possible and flexible substitution of numerous ions in its system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesna George K
- Centre for Nano and Material Sciences
- Jain University
- Bangalore 562112
- India
| | - Vishaka V Halali
- Centre for Nano and Material Sciences
- Jain University
- Bangalore 562112
- India
| | - Sanjayan C. G.
- Centre for Nano and Material Sciences
- Jain University
- Bangalore 562112
- India
| | - V. Suvina
- Centre for Nano and Material Sciences
- Jain University
- Bangalore 562112
- India
| | - M. Sakar
- Centre for Nano and Material Sciences
- Jain University
- Bangalore 562112
- India
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18
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Wang K, Subhani WS, Wang Y, Zuo X, Wang H, Duan L, Liu SF. Metal Cations in Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells: Progress and Perspective. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1902037. [PMID: 31304651 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201902037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Metal halide perovskite solar cells (PVSCs) have revolutionized photovoltaics since the first prototype in 2009, and up to now the highest efficiency has soared to 24.2%, which is on par with commercial thin film cells and not far from monocrystalline silicon solar cells. Optimizing device performance and improving stability have always been the research highlight of PVSCs. Metal cations are introduced into perovskites to further optimize the quality, and this strategy is showing a vigorous development trend. Here, the progress of research into metal cations for PVSCs is discussed by focusing on the position of the cations in perovskites, the modulation of the film quality, and the influence on the photovoltaic performance. Metal cations are considered in the order of alkali cations, alkaline earth cations, then metal cations in the ds and d regions, and ultimately trivalent cations (p- and f-block metal cations) according to the periodic table of elements. Finally, this work is summarized and some relevant issues are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wang
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, iChEM, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, Liaoning, China
| | - Waqas Siddique Subhani
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, iChEM, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, Liaoning, China
| | - Yulong Wang
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, iChEM, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiaokun Zuo
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, iChEM, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, Liaoning, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, iChEM, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, Liaoning, China
| | - Lianjie Duan
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, iChEM, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, Liaoning, China
| | - Shengzhong Frank Liu
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, iChEM, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, Liaoning, China
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, Shaanxi, China
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19
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Structural, Photophysical, and Electronic Properties of CH 3NH 3PbCl 3 Single Crystals. Sci Rep 2019; 9:13311. [PMID: 31527642 PMCID: PMC6746810 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-49926-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Methylammonium lead chloride (CH3NH3PbCl3 or MAPbCl3) single crystals were fabricated using the inverse temperature crystallization method, and their structural, photophysical, and electronic characteristics were studied using temperature dependent optical spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), current-voltage, and Hall measurements. The changes in absorption and photoluminescence properties accompanied with structural changes in crystal lattice were studied within a broad temperature range of 300–20 K. XRD investigations reveal that phase changes took placed around 180 K and 175 K. At a temperature below 170 K, two different crystallographic phases were found to co-exist in the photoluminescence spectra. An asymmetric line shape with broad and weak shoulders near the absorption edges was observed in all of the major PL peaks. The weak shoulders are attributed to the missing chloride atoms on the crystal surface. The photoluminescence intensity of the crystals was strongly influenced by the environment, thereby indicating that the carrier recombination is affected by the physical desorption/absorption of gas molecules at the crystal surface. Moreover, vibronic replicas in the photoluminescence spectra at low temperature were observed for the first time. The origins of these replicas are attributed to the coupling between the vibrational/librational motions of the organic cations and the photoexcited electrons. Finally, the Hall and current-voltage measurements confirm that the crystal is an n-type semiconductor with a carrier concentration of ~2.63 × 1011 cm−3, a mobility of 4.14 cm2/V•s, and a conductivity of 1.8 × 10−8Ω−1 cm−1 under dark and room temperature conditions.
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20
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Dhamaniya BP, Chhillar P, Roose B, Dutta V, Pathak SK. Unraveling the Effect of Crystal Structure on Degradation of Methylammonium Lead Halide Perovskite. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:22228-22239. [PMID: 31145848 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b00831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Despite the remarkable efficiencies of perovskite solar cells, moisture instability has still been the major constraint in the technology deployment. Although, some research groups have discussed the possible mechanisms involved in the perovskite degradation, no broader understanding has been developed so far. Here, we demonstrate that the crystal orientation of perovskite film plays a major role in its degradation. We observed that the films fabricated via different routes led to different degradation behaviors and unraveled that diversity in the degradation rate arises due to the difference in crystallographic characteristics of the films. Using optical and electrical measurements, we show that the film prepared via a single-step (lead chloride precursor based) route undergoes a much faster degradation rate as compared with films prepared using single step (acetate precursor based) and two-step (or sequential deposition) routes. Although the resulting film is methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI3) regardless of processing via different routes, their respective crystal orientation is different. In this manuscript, we correlate crystal orientation of MAPbI3 with their degradation pattern. Our studies also suggest a possible way to make stable perovskite film.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhanu Pratap Dhamaniya
- Centre for Energy Studies , Indian Institute of Technology Delhi , Hauz Khas , New Delhi 110016 , India
| | - Priyanka Chhillar
- Centre for Energy Studies , Indian Institute of Technology Delhi , Hauz Khas , New Delhi 110016 , India
| | - Bart Roose
- Cavendish Laboratory , University of Cambridge , JJ Thomson Avenue , Cambridge CB30HE , U.K
| | - Viresh Dutta
- Centre for Energy Studies , Indian Institute of Technology Delhi , Hauz Khas , New Delhi 110016 , India
| | - Sandeep K Pathak
- Centre for Energy Studies , Indian Institute of Technology Delhi , Hauz Khas , New Delhi 110016 , India
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21
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Zhang W, Xiong J, Li J, Daoud WA. Mechanism of Water Effect on Enhancing the Photovoltaic Performance of Triple-Cation Hybrid Perovskite Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:12699-12708. [PMID: 30859812 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b20264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The water effect on the performance of perovskite solar cells has been intensively studied in recent years. However, the conflicting conclusions derived from different studies make it impossible to fully understand the mechanism involved. Besides, all studies have concentrated on single methylammonium cation perovskites. As a consequence, the effects of water on formamidinium and cesium perovskites are still unclear. Herein, we introduce water during the fabrication of triple-cation hybrid perovskites. By controlling the water content, we demonstrate that an optimal concentration of water contributes to a better crystallized and more uniform hybrid perovskite film without impurities, resulting in significant enhancement in power conversion efficiency and long-term stability. In addition, two forms of water (hydrate water and bulk water) are found in the hybrid perovskite film. Hydrate water induces a recrystallization process, whereas bulk water leads to decomposition of the perovskite. These distinct phases are considered to form the basic mechanism affecting the performance of the cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihai Zhang
- School of Energy and Environment , City University of Hong Kong , Kowloon , Hong Kong
| | | | | | - Walid A Daoud
- School of Energy and Environment , City University of Hong Kong , Kowloon , Hong Kong
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22
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Jena AK, Kulkarni A, Miyasaka T. Halide Perovskite Photovoltaics: Background, Status, and Future Prospects. Chem Rev 2019; 119:3036-3103. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1368] [Impact Index Per Article: 273.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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23
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Kim HS, Hagfeldt A, Park NG. Morphological and compositional progress in halide perovskite solar cells. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:1192-1200. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc08653b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) reached a certified 23.7% efficiency in 2018 by boosting their surprisingly high open-circuit voltage (VOC) and photocurrent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Seon Kim
- Laboratory of Photomolecular Science
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering
- School of Basic Sciences
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne
- CH-1015 Lausanne
| | - Anders Hagfeldt
- Laboratory of Photomolecular Science
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering
- School of Basic Sciences
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne
- CH-1015 Lausanne
| | - Nam-Gyu Park
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Sungkyunkwan University
- 16419 Suwon
- Korea
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24
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Gholipour S, Saliba M. From Exceptional Properties to Stability Challenges of Perovskite Solar Cells. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2018; 14:e1802385. [PMID: 30106507 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201802385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Revised: 07/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The discovery and development of organic-inorganic halide perovskites with exceptional properties has become an active research area in the field of photovoltaics. Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have attracted much attention in recent years due to various attractive advantages, such as simple solution processing, low manufacturing cost, and high performances with power conversion efficiencies now reaching certified values close to 23% within a very short time frame of five years. Despite this rapid progress, the inferior device stability remains a great challenge. This review focuses on the factors limiting the stability of PSCs, such as humidity, heat, and irradiation, summarizing recent strategies to overcome stability and fabrication obstacles in order to open new perspectives to achieve highly durable perovskite devices toward future industrialization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somayeh Gholipour
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, CH 1700, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Michael Saliba
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, CH 1700, Fribourg, Switzerland
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25
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Ju D, Zheng X, Liu J, Chen Y, Zhang J, Cao B, Xiao H, Mohammed OF, Bakr OM, Tao X. Reversible Band Gap Narrowing of Sn-Based Hybrid Perovskite Single Crystal with Excellent Phase Stability. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201810481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dianxing Ju
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials & Institute of Crystal Materials; Shandong University; No. 27, Shanda South Road Jinan 250100 P. R. China
| | - Xiaopeng Zheng
- Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering; KAUST Catalysis Center; King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST); Thuwal 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia
| | - Jialiang Liu
- Materials Research Center for Energy and Photoelectrochemical Conversion; School of Material Science and Engineering; University of Jinan; Jinan 250022 Shandong China
| | - Yan Chen
- International Center for Applied Mechanics; State Key Laboratory for Strength and Vibration of Mechanical Structures; School of Aerospace; Xi'an Jiaotong University; Xi'an 710049 China
| | - Jian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials & Institute of Crystal Materials; Shandong University; No. 27, Shanda South Road Jinan 250100 P. R. China
| | - Bingqiang Cao
- Materials Research Center for Energy and Photoelectrochemical Conversion; School of Material Science and Engineering; University of Jinan; Jinan 250022 Shandong China
| | - Hang Xiao
- Yonghong Zhang Family Center for Advanced Materials for Energy and Environment; Department of Earth and Environmental Engineering; Columbia University; New York NY 10027 USA
| | - Omar F. Mohammed
- Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering; KAUST Catalysis Center; King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST); Thuwal 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia
| | - Osman M. Bakr
- Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering; KAUST Catalysis Center; King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST); Thuwal 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia
| | - Xutang Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials & Institute of Crystal Materials; Shandong University; No. 27, Shanda South Road Jinan 250100 P. R. China
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26
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Ju D, Zheng X, Liu J, Chen Y, Zhang J, Cao B, Xiao H, Mohammed OF, Bakr OM, Tao X. Reversible Band Gap Narrowing of Sn-Based Hybrid Perovskite Single Crystal with Excellent Phase Stability. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:14868-14872. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201810481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dianxing Ju
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials & Institute of Crystal Materials; Shandong University; No. 27, Shanda South Road Jinan 250100 P. R. China
| | - Xiaopeng Zheng
- Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering; KAUST Catalysis Center; King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST); Thuwal 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia
| | - Jialiang Liu
- Materials Research Center for Energy and Photoelectrochemical Conversion; School of Material Science and Engineering; University of Jinan; Jinan 250022 Shandong China
| | - Yan Chen
- International Center for Applied Mechanics; State Key Laboratory for Strength and Vibration of Mechanical Structures; School of Aerospace; Xi'an Jiaotong University; Xi'an 710049 China
| | - Jian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials & Institute of Crystal Materials; Shandong University; No. 27, Shanda South Road Jinan 250100 P. R. China
| | - Bingqiang Cao
- Materials Research Center for Energy and Photoelectrochemical Conversion; School of Material Science and Engineering; University of Jinan; Jinan 250022 Shandong China
| | - Hang Xiao
- Yonghong Zhang Family Center for Advanced Materials for Energy and Environment; Department of Earth and Environmental Engineering; Columbia University; New York NY 10027 USA
| | - Omar F. Mohammed
- Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering; KAUST Catalysis Center; King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST); Thuwal 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia
| | - Osman M. Bakr
- Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering; KAUST Catalysis Center; King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST); Thuwal 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia
| | - Xutang Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials & Institute of Crystal Materials; Shandong University; No. 27, Shanda South Road Jinan 250100 P. R. China
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27
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The crucial role of density functional nonlocality and on-axis CH 3NH 3 rotation induced I 2 formation in hybrid organic-inorganic CH 3NH 3PbI 3 cubic perovskite. Sci Rep 2018; 8:13161. [PMID: 30177794 PMCID: PMC6120889 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-31462-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Effects of electronic nonlocality in density functional theory study of structural and energetic properties of a pseudocubic CH3NH3PbI3 are investigated by considering coherent rotation around C–N axis of a CH3NH3 cation. A number of truly non-local and semi-local exchange correlation density functionals are examined by comparing calculated structural parameters with experimental results. The vdW-DF-cx which takes into account the non-local van der Waals correlation and consistent exchange shows the best overall performance for density functional theory study of this system. Remarkable distinctions between results from vdW-DF-cx and those from PBEsol exchange correlation functionals are observed and indicate the need of including the non-local interaction in the study of this system, especially its dynamical properties. The obtained rotational barriers are 18.56 meV/formula and 27.71 meV/formula which correspond to rotational frequencies of 3.71 THz and 2.60 THz for vdW-DF-cx and PBEsol calculations, respectively. Interestingly, the maximally localised Wannier function analysis shows the hydrogen bonding assisted covalent character of two iodide anions at a moderate rotational angle which can lead to I2 formation and then material degradation.
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Luo D, Yang W, Wang Z, Sadhanala A, Hu Q, Su R, Shivanna R, Trindade GF, Watts JF, Xu Z, Liu T, Chen K, Ye F, Wu P, Zhao L, Wu J, Tu Y, Zhang Y, Yang X, Zhang W, Friend RH, Gong Q, Snaith HJ, Zhu R. Enhanced photovoltage for inverted planar heterojunction perovskite solar cells. Science 2018; 360:1442-1446. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aap9282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 971] [Impact Index Per Article: 161.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The highest power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) reported for perovskite solar cells (PSCs) with inverted planar structures are still inferior to those of PSCs with regular structures, mainly because of lower open-circuit voltages (Voc). Here we report a strategy to reduce nonradiative recombination for the inverted devices, based on a simple solution-processed secondary growth technique. This approach produces a wider bandgap top layer and a more n-type perovskite film, which mitigates nonradiative recombination, leading to an increase in Voc by up to 100 millivolts. We achieved a high Voc of 1.21 volts without sacrificing photocurrent, corresponding to a voltage deficit of 0.41 volts at a bandgap of 1.62 electron volts. This improvement led to a stabilized power output approaching 21% at the maximum power point.
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Nakazaki J, Segawa H. Evolution of organometal halide solar cells. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY C-PHOTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochemrev.2018.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Bruijnaers BJ, Schiepers E, Weijtens CHL, Meskers SCJ, Wienk MM, Janssen RAJ. The effect of oxygen on the efficiency of planar p-i-n metal halide perovskite solar cells with a PEDOT:PSS hole transport layer. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY. A 2018; 6:6882-6890. [PMID: 30009025 PMCID: PMC6003544 DOI: 10.1039/c7ta11128b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) is frequently used as hole transport layer in planar p-i-n perovskite solar cells. Here we show that processing of a metal halide perovskite layer on top of PEDOT:PSS via spin coating of a precursor solution chemically reduces the oxidation state of PEDOT:PSS. This reduction leads to a lowering of the work function of the PEDOT:PSS and the perovskite layer on top of it. As a consequence, the solar cells display inferior performance with a reduced open-circuit voltage and a reduced short-circuit current density, which increases sublinearly with light intensity. The reduced PEDOT:PSS can be re-oxidized by thermal annealing of the PEDOT:PSS/perovskite layer stack in the presence of oxygen. As a consequence, thermal annealing of the perovskite layer in air provides solar cells with increased open-circuit voltage, short-circuit current density and high efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bardo J Bruijnaers
- Molecular Materials and Nanosystems , Institute for Complex Molecular Systems , Eindhoven University of Technology , P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven , The Netherlands .
| | - Eric Schiepers
- Molecular Materials and Nanosystems , Institute for Complex Molecular Systems , Eindhoven University of Technology , P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven , The Netherlands .
| | - Christ H L Weijtens
- Molecular Materials and Nanosystems , Institute for Complex Molecular Systems , Eindhoven University of Technology , P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven , The Netherlands .
| | - Stefan C J Meskers
- Molecular Materials and Nanosystems , Institute for Complex Molecular Systems , Eindhoven University of Technology , P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven , The Netherlands .
| | - Martijn M Wienk
- Molecular Materials and Nanosystems , Institute for Complex Molecular Systems , Eindhoven University of Technology , P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven , The Netherlands .
| | - René A J Janssen
- Molecular Materials and Nanosystems , Institute for Complex Molecular Systems , Eindhoven University of Technology , P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven , The Netherlands .
- Dutch Institute for Fundamental Energy Research , De Zaale 20 , 5612 AJ , Eindhoven , The Netherlands
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31
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Chen H, Zhang M, Bo R, Barugkin C, Zheng J, Ma Q, Huang S, Ho-Baillie AWY, Catchpole KR, Tricoli A. Superior Self-Powered Room-Temperature Chemical Sensing with Light-Activated Inorganic Halides Perovskites. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2018; 14. [PMID: 29280263 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201702571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Revised: 10/14/2017] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Hybrid halide perovskite is one of the promising light absorber and is intensively investigated for many optoelectronic applications. Here, the first prototype of a self-powered inorganic halides perovskite for chemical gas sensing at room temperature under visible-light irradiation is presented. These devices consist of porous network of CsPbBr3 (CPB) and can generate an open-circuit voltage of 0.87 V under visible-light irradiation, which can be used to detect various concentrations of O2 and parts per million concentrations of medically relevant volatile organic compounds such as acetone and ethanol with very quick response and recovery time. It is observed that O2 gas can passivate the surface trap sites in CPB and the ambipolar charge transport in the perovskite layer results in a distinct sensing mechanism compared with established semiconductors with symmetric electrical response to both oxidizing and reducing gases. The platform of CPB-based gas sensor provides new insights for the emerging area of wearable sensors for personalized and preventive medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjun Chen
- Nanotechnology Research Laboratory, Research School of Engineering, Australian National University, Canberra, 2601, Australia
| | - Meng Zhang
- Australian Centre for Advanced Photovoltaics, School of Photovoltaic and Renewable Energy Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2052, Australia
| | - Renheng Bo
- Nanotechnology Research Laboratory, Research School of Engineering, Australian National University, Canberra, 2601, Australia
| | - Chog Barugkin
- Research School of Engineering, Australian National University, Canberra, 2601, Australia
| | - Jianghui Zheng
- Australian Centre for Advanced Photovoltaics, School of Photovoltaic and Renewable Energy Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2052, Australia
| | - Qingshan Ma
- Australian Centre for Advanced Photovoltaics, School of Photovoltaic and Renewable Energy Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2052, Australia
| | - Shujuan Huang
- Australian Centre for Advanced Photovoltaics, School of Photovoltaic and Renewable Energy Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2052, Australia
| | - Anita W Y Ho-Baillie
- Australian Centre for Advanced Photovoltaics, School of Photovoltaic and Renewable Energy Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2052, Australia
| | - Kylie R Catchpole
- Research School of Engineering, Australian National University, Canberra, 2601, Australia
| | - Antonio Tricoli
- Nanotechnology Research Laboratory, Research School of Engineering, Australian National University, Canberra, 2601, Australia
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Serpetzoglou E, Konidakis I, Kakavelakis G, Maksudov T, Kymakis E, Stratakis E. Improved Carrier Transport in Perovskite Solar Cells Probed by Femtosecond Transient Absorption Spectroscopy. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:43910-43919. [PMID: 29188719 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b15195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite thin films have been deposited on glass/indium tin oxide/hole transport layer (HTL) substrates, utilizing two different materials as the HTLs. In the first configuration, the super hydrophilic polymer poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrenesulfonate), known as PEDOT:PSS, was employed as the HTL material, whereas in the second case, the nonwetting poly(triarylamine) semiconductor polymer, known as PTAA, was used. It was found that when PTAA is used as the HTL material, the averaged power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the perovskite solar cells (PSCs) remarkably increases from 12.60 to 15.67%. To explore the mechanism behind this enhancement, the aforementioned perovskite/HTL arrangements were investigated by time-resolved transient absorption spectroscopy (TAS) performed under inert conditions. By means of TAS, the charge transfer, carrier trapping, and hole injection dynamics from the photoexcited perovskite layers to the HTL can be directly monitored via the characteristic bleaching profile of the perovskite at ∼750 nm. TAS studies revealed faster relaxation times and decay dynamics when the PTAA polymer is employed, which potentially account for the enhanced PCE observed. The TAS results are correlated with the structure and crystalline quality of the corresponding perovskite films, investigated by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, atomic force microscopy, micro-photoluminescence, and transmittance spectroscopy. It is concluded that TAS is a benchmark technique for the understanding of the carrier transport mechanisms in PSCs and constitutes a figure-of-merit tool toward their efficiency improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efthymis Serpetzoglou
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser (IESL), Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH) , 71110 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Ioannis Konidakis
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser (IESL), Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH) , 71110 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - George Kakavelakis
- Center of Materials Technology and Photonics, Electrical Engineering Department, Technological Educational Institute (TEI) of Crete , 71004 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Temur Maksudov
- Center of Materials Technology and Photonics, Electrical Engineering Department, Technological Educational Institute (TEI) of Crete , 71004 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Emmanuel Kymakis
- Center of Materials Technology and Photonics, Electrical Engineering Department, Technological Educational Institute (TEI) of Crete , 71004 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Emmanuel Stratakis
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser (IESL), Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH) , 71110 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
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33
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Ni L, Huynh U, Cheminal A, Thomas TH, Shivanna R, Hinrichsen TF, Ahmad S, Sadhanala A, Rao A. Real-Time Observation of Exciton-Phonon Coupling Dynamics in Self-Assembled Hybrid Perovskite Quantum Wells. ACS NANO 2017; 11:10834-10843. [PMID: 29064668 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b03984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Self-assembled hybrid perovskite quantum wells have attracted attention due to their tunable emission properties, ease of fabrication, and device integration. However, the dynamics of excitons in these materials, especially how they couple to phonons, remains an open question. Here, we investigate two widely used materials, namely, butylammonium lead iodide (CH3(CH2)3NH3)2PbI4 and hexylammonium lead iodide (CH3(CH2)5NH3)2PbI4, both of which exhibit broad photoluminescence tails at room temperature. We performed femtosecond vibrational spectroscopy to obtain a real-time picture of the exciton-phonon interaction and directly identified the vibrational modes that couple to excitons. We show that the choice of the organic cation controls which vibrational modes the exciton couples to. In butylammonium lead iodide, excitons dominantly couple to a 100 cm-1 phonon mode, whereas in hexylammonium lead iodide, excitons interact with phonons with frequencies of 88 and 137 cm-1. Using the determined optical phonon energies, we analyzed photoluminescence broadening mechanisms. At low temperatures (<100 K), the broadening is due to acoustic phonon scattering, whereas at high temperatures, LO phonon-exciton coupling is the dominant mechanism. Our results help explain the broad photoluminescence line shape observed in hybrid perovskite quantum wells and provide insights into the mechanism of exciton-phonon coupling in these materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limeng Ni
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge , JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Uyen Huynh
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge , JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Alexandre Cheminal
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge , JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Tudor H Thomas
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge , JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Ravichandran Shivanna
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge , JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Ture F Hinrichsen
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge , JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Shahab Ahmad
- Institute for Manufacturing, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge , 17 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge CB3 0FS, United Kingdom
| | - Aditya Sadhanala
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge , JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Akshay Rao
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge , JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
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Structural and Photophysical Properties of Methylammonium Lead Tribromide (MAPbBr 3) Single Crystals. Sci Rep 2017; 7:13643. [PMID: 29057892 PMCID: PMC5651898 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-13571-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The structural and photophysical characteristics of MAPbBr3 single crystals prepared using the inverse temperature crystallization method are evaluated using temperature-dependent X-ray diffraction (XRD) and optical spectroscopy. Contrary to previous research reports on perovskite materials, we study phase transitions in crystal lattice structures accompanied with changes in optical properties expand throughout a wide temperature range of 300–1.5 K. The XRD studies reveal several phase transitions occurred at ~210 K, ~145 K, and ~80 K, respectively. The coexistence of two different crystallographic phases was observed at a temperature below 145 K. The emission peaks in the PL spectra are all asymmetric in line shape with weak and broad shoulders near the absorption edges, which are attributed to the Br atom vacancy on the surface of the crystals. The time-resolved PL measurements reveal the effect of the desorption/adsorption of gas molecules on the crystal surface on the PL lifetimes. Raman spectroscopy results indicate the strong interplays between cations and different halide atoms. Lastly, no diamagnetic shift or split in emission peaks can be observed in the magneto-PL spectra even at an applied magnetic field up to 5 T and at a temperature as low as 1.5 K.
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35
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Sakai N, Wang Z, Burlakov VM, Lim J, McMeekin D, Pathak S, Snaith HJ. Controlling Nucleation and Growth of Metal Halide Perovskite Thin Films for High-Efficiency Perovskite Solar Cells. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2017; 13:1602808. [PMID: 28151573 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201602808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Revised: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Metal halide perovskite thin films can be crystallized via a broad range of solution-based routes. However, the quality of the final films is strongly dependent upon small changes in solution composition and processing parameters. Here, this study demonstrates that a fractional substitution of PbCl2 with PbI2 in the 3CH3 NH3 I:PbCl2 mixed-halide starting solution has a profound influence upon the ensuing thin-film crystallization. The presence of PbI2 in the precursor induces a uniform distribution of regular quadrilateral-shaped CH3 NH3 PbI3 perovskite crystals in as-cast films, which subsequently grow to form pinhole-free perovskite films with highly crystalline domains. With this new formulation of 3CH3 NH3 I:0.98PbCl2 :0.02PbI2 , this study achieves a 19.1% current-voltage measured power conversion efficiency and a 17.2% stabilized power output in regular planar heterojunction solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuya Sakai
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Clarendon Laboratory, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PU, UK
| | - Zhiping Wang
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Clarendon Laboratory, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PU, UK
| | - Victor M Burlakov
- Mathematical Institute, University of Oxford, Andrew Wiles Building, Radcliffe Observatory Quarter, Woodstock Road, Oxford, OX2 6GG, UK
| | - Jongchul Lim
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Clarendon Laboratory, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PU, UK
| | - David McMeekin
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Clarendon Laboratory, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PU, UK
| | - Sandeep Pathak
- Center for Energy Studies, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Henry J Snaith
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Clarendon Laboratory, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PU, UK
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36
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Long R, Prezhdo OV, Fang W. Nonadiabatic charge dynamics in novel solar cell materials. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-COMPUTATIONAL MOLECULAR SCIENCE 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/wcms.1305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Run Long
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education Beijing Normal University Beijing P.R. China
| | - Oleg V. Prezhdo
- Department of Chemistry University of Southern California Los Angeles CA USA
| | - Weihai Fang
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education Beijing Normal University Beijing P.R. China
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Cronin HM, Jayawardena KDGI, Stoeva Z, Shkunov M, Silva SRP. Effects of ambient humidity on the optimum annealing time of mixed-halide Perovskite solar cells. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2017; 28:114004. [PMID: 28119511 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aa5bec] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Mixed halide Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are commonly produced by depositing PbCl2 and CH3NH3I from a common solvent followed by thermal annealing, which in an up-scaled manufacturing process is likely to take place under ambient conditions. However, it has been reported that, similar to the effects of thermal annealing, ambient humidity also affects the crystallisation behaviour and subsequent growth of the Perovskite films. This implies that both of these factors must be accounted for in solar cell production. In this work, we report for the first time the correlation between the annealing time, relative humidity (RH) and device performance for inverted, mixed halide CH3NH3PbI(3-x)Cl x PSCs with active area ≈1 cm2. We find a trade-off between ambient humidity and the required annealing time to produce efficient solar cells, with low humidities needing longer annealing times and vice-versa. At around 20% RH, device performance weakly depends on annealing time, but at higher (30%-40% RH) or lower (0%-15% RH) humidities it is very sensitive. Processing in humid environments is shown to lead to the growth of both larger Perovskite grains and larger voids; similar to the effect of thermal annealing, which also leads to grain growth. Therefore, samples which are annealed for too long under high humidity show loss of performance due to low open circuit voltage caused by an increased number of shunt paths. Based on these results it is clear that humidity and annealing time are closely interrelated and both are important factors affecting the performance of PSCs. The findings of this work open a route for reduced annealing times to be employed by control of humidity; critical in roll-to-roll manufacture where low manufacturing time is preferred for cost reductions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harry M Cronin
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Advanced Technology Institute, University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7XH, United Kingdom. DZP Technologies Ltd, Kings Hedges Road, Cambridge, CB4 2HY, United Kingdom
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Huang S, Li Z, Wang B, Zhu N, Zhang C, Kong L, Zhang Q, Shan A, Li L. Morphology Evolution and Degradation of CsPbBr 3 Nanocrystals under Blue Light-Emitting Diode Illumination. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:7249-7258. [PMID: 28181794 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b14423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Under illumination of light-emitting diode (LED) or sunlight, the green color of all-inorganic CsPbBr3 perovskite nanocrystals (CPB-NCs) often quickly changes to yellow, followed by large photoluminescence (PL) loss. To figure out what is happening on CPB-NCs during the color change process, the morphology, structure, and PL evolutions are systematically investigated by varying the influence factors of illumination, moisture, oxygen, and temperature. We find that the yellow color is mainly originated from the large CPB crystals formed in the illumination process. With maximized isolation of oxygen for the sandwiched film or the uncovered film stored in nitrogen, the color change can be dramatically slowed down whether there is water vapor or not. Under dark condition, the PL emissions are not significantly influenced by the varied relative humidity (RH) levels and temperatures up to 60 °C. Under the precondition of oxygen or air, color change and PL loss become more obvious when increasing the illumination power or RH level, and the large-sized cubic CPB crystals are further evolved into the oval-shaped crystals. We confirm that oxygen is the crucial factor to drive the color change, which has the strong synergistic effect with the illumination and moisture for the degradation of the CPB film. Meanwhile, the surface decomposition and the increased charge trap states occurred in the formed large CPB crystals play important roles for the PL loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shouqiang Huang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , 800 Dongchuan Road, 200240 Shanghai, China
| | - Zhichun Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , 800 Dongchuan Road, 200240 Shanghai, China
| | - Bo Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , 800 Dongchuan Road, 200240 Shanghai, China
| | - Nanwen Zhu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , 800 Dongchuan Road, 200240 Shanghai, China
| | - Congyang Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , 800 Dongchuan Road, 200240 Shanghai, China
| | - Long Kong
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , 800 Dongchuan Road, 200240 Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , 800 Dongchuan Road, 200240 Shanghai, China
| | - Aidang Shan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , 800 Dongchuan Road, 200240 Shanghai, China
| | - Liang Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , 800 Dongchuan Road, 200240 Shanghai, China
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Enhancing photoluminescence yields in lead halide perovskites by photon recycling and light out-coupling. Nat Commun 2016; 7:13941. [PMID: 28008917 PMCID: PMC5196482 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms13941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In lead halide perovskite solar cells, there is at least one recycling event of electron–hole pair to photon to electron–hole pair at open circuit under solar illumination. This can lead to a significant reduction in the external photoluminescence yield from the internal yield. Here we show that, for an internal yield of 70%, we measure external yields as low as 15% in planar films, where light out-coupling is inefficient, but observe values as high as 57% in films on textured substrates that enhance out-coupling. We analyse in detail how externally measured rate constants and photoluminescence efficiencies relate to internal recombination processes under photon recycling. For this, we study the photo-excited carrier dynamics and use a rate equation to relate radiative and non-radiative recombination events to measured photoluminescence efficiencies. We conclude that the use of textured active layers has the ability to improve power conversion efficiencies for both LEDs and solar cells. Recombinations govern losses in solar cells. Here, Richter et al. use transient spectroscopy to evaluate how re-absorption and re-emission of photons in perovskite absorbers affect intrinsic recombination coefficients, and to differentiate between external and internal photoluminescence quantum yields.
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Wang Z, Yuan S, Li D, Jin F, Zhang R, Zhan Y, Lu M, Wang S, Zheng Y, Guo J, Fan Z, Chen L. Influence of hydration water on CH 3NH 3PbI 3 perovskite films prepared through one-step procedure. OPTICS EXPRESS 2016; 24:A1431-A1443. [PMID: 27828527 DOI: 10.1364/oe.24.0a1431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Organic-inorganic perovskites were fabricated through a one-step procedure with different levels of hydration water in precursor solutions. The optical properties of CH3NH3PbI3 films were investigated through spectroscopic ellipsometry and photoluminescence measurements. With the measured optical constants, the efficiency limit of perovskite solar cells is predicted with a detailed balance model. By comparing the optical measurement to that of planar heterojunction solar cells, we conclude that the radiative efficiency and porosity of the perovskite film significantly influence the performance of perovskite solar cells. An optimized hydration-water concentration is obtained for the 3CH3NH3I:1PbAc2•xH2O precursor solution. The results can provide guidance for further optimization of the device performance of perovskite solar cells by utilizing hydration water.
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Chilvery A, Das S, Guggilla P, Brantley C, Sunda-Meya A. A perspective on the recent progress in solution-processed methods for highly efficient perovskite solar cells. SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF ADVANCED MATERIALS 2016; 17:650-658. [PMID: 27877911 PMCID: PMC5101873 DOI: 10.1080/14686996.2016.1226120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Revised: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) were developed in 2009 and have led to a number of significant improvements in clean energy technology. The power conversion efficiency (PCE) of PSCs has increased exponentially and currently stands at 22%. PSCs are transforming photovoltaic (PV) technology, outpacing many established PV technologies through their versatility and roll-to-roll manufacturing compatibility. The viability of low-temperature and solution-processed manufacturing has further improved their viability. This article provides a brief overview of the stoichiometry of perovskite materials, the engineering behind various modes of manufacturing by solution processing methods, and recommendations for future research to achieve large-scale manufacturing of high efficiency PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashwith Chilvery
- Department of Physics and Dual Engineering, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Sanjib Das
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | | | | | - Anderson Sunda-Meya
- Department of Physics and Dual Engineering, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, LA, USA
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42
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Hoque MNF, Islam N, Li Z, Ren G, Zhu K, Fan Z. Ionic and Optical Properties of Methylammonium Lead Iodide Perovskite across the Tetragonal-Cubic Structural Phase Transition. CHEMSUSCHEM 2016; 9:2692-2698. [PMID: 27585234 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201600949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Practical hybrid perovskite solar cells (PSCs) must endure temperatures above the tetragonal-cubic structural phase transition of methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI3 ). However, the ionic and optical properties of MAPbI3 in such a temperature range, and particularly, dramatic changes in these properties resulting from a structural phase transition, are not well studied. Herein, we report a striking contrast at approximately 45 °C in the ionic/electrical properties of MAPbI3 owing to a change of the ion activation energy from 0.7 to 0.5 eV, whereas the optical properties exhibit no particular transition except for the steady increase of the bandgap with temperature. These observations can be explained by the "continuous" nature of perovskite phase transition. We speculate that the critical temperature at which the ionic/electrical properties change, although related to crystal symmetry variation, is not necessarily the same temperature as when tetragonal-cubic structural phase transition occurs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Nadim Ferdous Hoque
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Nano Tech Center, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, 79409, USA
| | - Nazifah Islam
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Nano Tech Center, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, 79409, USA
| | - Zhen Li
- Chemistry and Nanoscience Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado, 80401, USA
| | - Guofeng Ren
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Nano Tech Center, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, 79409, USA
| | - Kai Zhu
- Chemistry and Nanoscience Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado, 80401, USA.
| | - Zhaoyang Fan
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Nano Tech Center, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, 79409, USA.
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43
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Huang J, Yu X, Xie J, Xu D, Tang Z, Cui C, Yang D. Ambient Engineering for High-Performance Organic-Inorganic Perovskite Hybrid Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:21505-11. [PMID: 27489961 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b06682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Considering the evaporation of solvents during fabrication of perovskite films, the organic ambience will present a significant influence on the morphologies and properties of perovskite films. To clarify this issue, various ambiences of N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), and chlorobenzene (CBZ) are introduced during fabrication of perovskite films by two-step sequential deposition method. The results reveal that an ambient CBZ atmosphere is favorable to control the nucleation and growth of CH3NH3PbI3 grains while the others present a negative effect. The statistical results show that the average efficiencies of perovskite solar cells processed in an ambient CBZ atmosphere can be significantly improved by a relatively average value of 35%, compared with those processed under air. The efficiency of the best perovskite solar cells can be improved from 10.65% to 14.55% by introducing this ambience engineering technology. The CH3NH3PbI3 film with large-size grains produced in an ambient CBZ atmosphere can effectively reduce the density of grain boundaries, and then the recombination centers for photoinduced carriers. Therefore, a higher short-circuit current density is achieved, which makes main contribution to the improvement in efficiency. These results provide vital progress toward understanding the role of ambience in the realization of highly efficient perovskite solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiabin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials and School of Materials Science & Engineering, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Xuegong Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials and School of Materials Science & Engineering, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Jiangsheng Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials and School of Materials Science & Engineering, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Dikai Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials and School of Materials Science & Engineering, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Zeguo Tang
- Ritsumeikan Global Innovation Research Organization, Ritsumeikan University , 1-1-1 Noji-higashi, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan
| | - Can Cui
- Center for Optoelectronics Materials and Devices, Department of Physics, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University , Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Deren Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials and School of Materials Science & Engineering, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027, China
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Singh S, Li C, Panzer F, Narasimhan KL, Graeser A, Gujar TP, Köhler A, Thelakkat M, Huettner S, Kabra D. Effect of Thermal and Structural Disorder on the Electronic Structure of Hybrid Perovskite Semiconductor CH3NH3PbI3. J Phys Chem Lett 2016; 7:3014-21. [PMID: 27435936 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.6b01207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
In this Letter, we investigate the temperature dependence of the optical properties of methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI3 = CH3NH3PbI3) from room temperature to 6 K. In both the tetragonal (T > 163 K) and the orthorhombic (T < 163 K) phases of MAPbI3, the band gap (from both absorption and photoluminescence (PL) measurements) decreases with decrease in temperature, in contrast to what is normally seen for many inorganic semiconductors, such as Si, GaAs, GaN, etc. We show that in the perovskites reported here, the temperature coefficient of thermal expansion is large and accounts for the positive temperature coefficient of the band gap. A detailed analysis of the exciton line width allows us to distinguish between static and dynamic disorder. The low-energy tail of the exciton absorption is reminiscent of Urbach absorption. The Urbach energy is a measure of the disorder, which is modeled using thermal and static disorder for both the phases separately. The static disorder component, manifested in the exciton line width at low temperature, is small. Above 60 K, thermal disorder increases the line width. Both these features are a measure of the high crystal quality and low disorder of the perovskite films even though they are produced from solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivam Singh
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay , Powai, Mumbai, India 400076
| | - Cheng Li
- Organic and Hybrid Electronics, Macromolecular Chemistry I, Universität Bayreuth , Bayreuth 95440, Germany
| | - Fabian Panzer
- Experimental Physics II & Bayreuth Institute of Macromolecular Research (BIMF), Universität Bayreuth , Bayreuth 95440, Germany
- Department of Functional Materials, Universität Bayreuth , Bayreuth 95440, Germany
| | - K L Narasimhan
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay , Powai, Mumbai, India 400076
| | - Anna Graeser
- Organic and Hybrid Electronics, Macromolecular Chemistry I, Universität Bayreuth , Bayreuth 95440, Germany
| | - Tanaji P Gujar
- Applied Functional Polymers, Macromolecular Chemistry I, Universität Bayreuth , Bayreuth 95440, Germany
| | - Anna Köhler
- Experimental Physics II & Bayreuth Institute of Macromolecular Research (BIMF), Universität Bayreuth , Bayreuth 95440, Germany
| | - Mukundan Thelakkat
- Applied Functional Polymers, Macromolecular Chemistry I, Universität Bayreuth , Bayreuth 95440, Germany
| | - Sven Huettner
- Organic and Hybrid Electronics, Macromolecular Chemistry I, Universität Bayreuth , Bayreuth 95440, Germany
| | - Dinesh Kabra
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay , Powai, Mumbai, India 400076
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45
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Fang HH, Adjokatse S, Wei H, Yang J, Blake GR, Huang J, Even J, Loi MA. Ultrahigh sensitivity of methylammonium lead tribromide perovskite single crystals to environmental gases. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2016; 2:e1600534. [PMID: 29713684 PMCID: PMC5919775 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1600534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
One of the limiting factors to high device performance in photovoltaics is the presence of surface traps. Hence, the understanding and control of carrier recombination at the surface of organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite is critical for the design and optimization of devices with this material as the active layer. We demonstrate that the surface recombination rate (or surface trap state density) in methylammonium lead tribromide (MAPbBr3) single crystals can be fully and reversibly controlled by the physisorption of oxygen and water molecules, leading to a modulation of the photoluminescence intensity by over two orders of magnitude. We report an unusually low surface recombination velocity of 4 cm/s (corresponding to a surface trap state density of 108 cm-2) in this material, which is the lowest value ever reported for hybrid perovskites. In addition, a consistent modulation of the transport properties in single crystal devices is evidenced. Our findings highlight the importance of environmental conditions on the investigation and fabrication of high-quality, perovskite-based devices and offer a new potential application of these materials to detect oxygen and water vapor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Hua Fang
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Sampson Adjokatse
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Haotong Wei
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Nebraska–Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA
| | - Jie Yang
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Graeme R. Blake
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Jinsong Huang
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Nebraska–Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA
| | - Jacky Even
- Université Européenne de Bretagne, INSA, FOTON, UMR 6082, 35708 Rennes, France
| | - Maria Antonietta Loi
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, Netherlands
- Corresponding author.
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Tong X, Lin F, Wu J, Wang ZM. High Performance Perovskite Solar Cells. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2016; 3:1500201. [PMID: 27774402 PMCID: PMC5063163 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201500201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Revised: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Perovskite solar cells fabricated from organometal halide light harvesters have captured significant attention due to their tremendously low device costs as well as unprecedented rapid progress on power conversion efficiency (PCE). A certified PCE of 20.1% was achieved in late 2014 following the first study of long-term stable all-solid-state perovskite solar cell with a PCE of 9.7% in 2012, showing their promising potential towards future cost-effective and high performance solar cells. Here, notable achievements of primary device configuration involving perovskite layer, hole-transporting materials (HTMs) and electron-transporting materials (ETMs) are reviewed. Numerous strategies for enhancing photovoltaic parameters of perovskite solar cells, including morphology and crystallization control of perovskite layer, HTMs design and ETMs modifications are discussed in detail. In addition, perovskite solar cells outside of HTMs and ETMs are mentioned as well, providing guidelines for further simplification of device processing and hence cost reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Tong
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu 610054 P. R. China
| | - Feng Lin
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu 610054 P. R. China
| | - Jiang Wu
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu 610054 P. R. China; State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu 610054 P. R. China; Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering University College London Torrington Place London WC1E 7JE United Kingdom
| | - Zhiming M Wang
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu 610054 P. R. China; State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu 610054 P. R. China
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47
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Chen Y, He M, Peng J, Sun Y, Liang Z. Structure and Growth Control of Organic-Inorganic Halide Perovskites for Optoelectronics: From Polycrystalline Films to Single Crystals. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2016; 3:1500392. [PMID: 27812463 PMCID: PMC5069589 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201500392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2015] [Revised: 12/25/2015] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Recently, organic-inorganic halide perovskites have sparked tremendous research interest because of their ground-breaking photovoltaic performance. The crystallization process and crystal shape of perovskites have striking impacts on their optoelectronic properties. Polycrystalline films and single crystals are two main forms of perovskites. Currently, perovskite thin films have been under intensive investigation while studies of perovskite single crystals are just in their infancy. This review article is concentrated upon the control of perovskite structures and growth, which are intimately correlated for improvements of not only solar cells but also light-emitting diodes, lasers, and photodetectors. We begin with the survey of the film formation process of perovskites including deposition methods and morphological optimization avenues. Strategies such as the use of additives, thermal annealing, solvent annealing, atmospheric control, and solvent engineering have been successfully employed to yield high-quality perovskite films. Next, we turn to summarize the shape evolution of perovskites single crystals from three-dimensional large sized single crystals, two-dimensional nanoplates, one-dimensional nanowires, to zero-dimensional quantum dots. Siginificant functions of perovskites single crystals are highlighted, which benefit fundamental studies of intrinsic photophysics. Then, the growth mechanisms of the previously mentioned perovskite crystals are unveiled. Lastly, perspectives for structure and growth control of perovskites are outlined towards high-performance (opto)electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yani Chen
- Department of Materials Science Fudan University Shanghai 200433 P.R. China
| | - Minhong He
- Department of Materials Science Fudan University Shanghai 200433 P.R. China
| | - Jiajun Peng
- Department of Materials Science Fudan University Shanghai 200433 P.R. China
| | - Yong Sun
- Department of Materials Science Fudan University Shanghai 200433 P.R. China
| | - Ziqi Liang
- Department of Materials Science Fudan University Shanghai 200433 P.R. China
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48
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Crystal Structure Formation of CH₃NH₃PbI 3-xCl x Perovskite. MATERIALS 2016; 9:ma9030123. [PMID: 28773249 PMCID: PMC5456724 DOI: 10.3390/ma9030123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Revised: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Inorganic-organic hydride perovskites bring the hope for fabricating low-cost and large-scale solar cells. At the beginning of the research, two open questions were raised: the hysteresis effect and the role of chloride. The presence of chloride significantly improves the crystallization and charge transfer property of the perovskite. However, though the long held debate over of the existence of chloride in the perovskite seems to have now come to a conclusion, no prior work has been carried out focusing on the role of chloride on the electronic performance and the crystallization of the perovskite. Furthermore, current reports on the crystal structure of the perovskite are rather confusing. This article analyzes the role of chloride in CH3NH3PbI3-xClx on the crystal orientation and provides a new explanation about the (110)-oriented growth of CH3NH3PbI3 and CH3NH3PbI3-xClx.
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49
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Adhikari N, Dubey A, Gaml EA, Vaagensmith B, Reza KM, Mabrouk SAA, Gu S, Zai J, Qian X, Qiao Q. Crystallization of a perovskite film for higher performance solar cells by controlling water concentration in methyl ammonium iodide precursor solution. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:2693-2703. [PMID: 26758661 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr06687e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
An optimal small amount of water added into methyl ammonium iodide (MAI) solution in isopropyl alcohol (IPA) helps perovskite crystallization and leads to larger grain size from sequential deposition of perovskite films. The concentration of water was varied from 1% to 7% (vol% of IPA) in MAI solution and optical absorption, crystallization, morphology of perovskite films and their photovoltaic performance were studied in perovskite solar cells. 5% by volume was found to lead to preferential crystallization in the (110) plane with grain size about three times that of perovskite films prepared without adding water into the MAI solution. The optimal water concentration of 5% by volume in the MAI solution led to average perovskite grain size of ∼600 nm and solar cell efficiency of 12.42% at forward scan with a rate of 0.5 V s(-1). Device performance decreases after increasing water concentration beyond 5% in the MAI solution due to formation of the PbI2 phase. Transient photocurrent and photovoltage measurements show the shortest charge transport time at 0.99 μs and the longest charge carrier life time at 13.6 μs for perovskite films prepared from 5% water in MAI solution, which improved perovskite solar cell efficiency from 9.04% to 12.42%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirmal Adhikari
- Center for Advanced Photovoltaics, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA.
| | - Ashish Dubey
- Center for Advanced Photovoltaics, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA.
| | - Eman A Gaml
- Center for Advanced Photovoltaics, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA. and Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Damietta University, Egypt
| | - Bjorn Vaagensmith
- Center for Advanced Photovoltaics, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA.
| | - Khan Mamun Reza
- Center for Advanced Photovoltaics, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA.
| | - Sally Adel Abdelsalam Mabrouk
- Center for Advanced Photovoltaics, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA.
| | - Shaopeng Gu
- Center for Advanced Photovoltaics, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA.
| | - Jiantao Zai
- Shanghai Electrochemical Energy Devices Research Center, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P. R. China.
| | - Xuefeng Qian
- Shanghai Electrochemical Energy Devices Research Center, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P. R. China.
| | - Qiquan Qiao
- Center for Advanced Photovoltaics, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA.
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50
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Patel JB, Milot RL, Wright AD, Herz LM, Johnston MB. Formation Dynamics of CH3NH3PbI3 Perovskite Following Two-Step Layer Deposition. J Phys Chem Lett 2016; 7:96-102. [PMID: 26667323 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.5b02495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Hybrid metal-halide perovskites have emerged as a leading class of semiconductors for optoelectronic devices because of their desirable material properties and versatile fabrication methods. However, little is known about the chemical transformations that occur in the initial stages of perovskite crystal formation. Here we follow the real-time formation dynamics of MAPbI3 from a bilayer of lead iodide (PbI2) and methylammonium iodide (MAI) deposited through a two-step thermal evaporation process. By lowering the substrate temperature during deposition, we are able to initially inhibit intermixing of the two layers. We subsequently use infrared and visible light transmission, X-ray diffraction, and photoluminescence lifetime measurements to reveal the room-temperature transformations that occur in vacuum and ambient air, as MAI diffuses into the PbI2 lattice to form MAPbI3. In vacuum, the transformation to MAPbI3 is incomplete as unreacted MAI is retained in the film. However, exposure to moist air allows for conversion of the unreacted MAI to MAPbI3, demonstrating that moisture is essential in making MAI more mobile and thus aiding perovskite crystallization. These dynamic processes are reflected in the observed charge-carrier lifetimes, which strongly fluctuate during periods of large ion migration but steadily increase with improving crystallinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay B Patel
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford , Clarendon Laboratory, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca L Milot
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford , Clarendon Laboratory, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - Adam D Wright
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford , Clarendon Laboratory, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - Laura M Herz
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford , Clarendon Laboratory, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - Michael B Johnston
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford , Clarendon Laboratory, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
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