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Onuh G, Bar-On R, Manor O. Particle Network Self-Assembly of Similar Size Sub-Micron Calcium Alginate and Polystyrene Particles Atop Glass. Macromol Biosci 2023; 23:e2300219. [PMID: 37551162 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202300219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
Particle-mediated self-assembly, such as nanocomposites, microstructure formation in materials, and core-shell coating of biological particles, offers precise control over the properties of biological materials for applications in drug delivery, tissue engineering, and biosensing. The assembly of similar-sized calcium alginate (CAG) and polystyrene sub-micron particles is studied in an aqueous sodium nitrate solution as a model for particle-mediated self-assembly of biological and synthetic mixed particle species. The objective is to reinforce biological matrices by incorporating synthetic particles to form hybrid particulate networks with tailored properties. By varying the ionic strength of the suspension, the authors alter the energy barriers for particle attachment to each other and to a glass substrate that result from colloidal surface forces. The particles do not show monotonic adsorption trend to glass with ionic strength. Hence, apart from DLVO theory-van der Waals and electrostatic interactions-the authors further consider solvation and bridging interactions in the analysis of the particulate adsorption-coagulation system. CAG particles, which support lower energy barriers to attachment relative to their counterpart polystyrene particles, accumulate as dense aggregates on the glass substrate. Polystyrene particles adsorb simultaneously as detached particles. At high electrolyte concentrations, where electrostatic repulsion is largely screened, the mixture of particles covers most of the glass substrate; the CAG particles form a continuous network throughout the glass substrate with pockets of polystyrene particles. The particulate structure is correlated with the adjustable energy barriers for particle attachment in the suspension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gideon Onuh
- Wolfson Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel
| | - Roi Bar-On
- Wolfson Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel
| | - Ofer Manor
- Wolfson Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel
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2
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Mohandas Moolayil S, Da Costa A, Tahon JF, Bouad V, Hamieh A, Ponchel F, Ladmiral V, Rémiens D, Lefebvre JM, Desfeux R, Barrau S, Ferri A. New Insight into Nanoscale Identification of the Polar Axis Direction in Organic Ferroelectric Films. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023. [PMID: 37878996 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c08579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Ferroelectric poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-trifluoroethylene) [P(VDF-co-TrFE)] thin films have been deposited by spin-coating onto the Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3(BNT)/LNO/SiO2/Si heterostructure. The copolymer microstructure investigated by using grazing-incidence wide-angle X-ray diffraction (GIWAXD) and deduced from the (200)/(110) reflections demonstrates that the b-axis in the P(VDF-co-TrFE) orthorhombic unit cell is either in the plane or out of the plane, depending on the face-on or on the two types of edge-on (called I and II) lamellar structures locally identified by atomic force microscopy (AFM). For edge-on I lamellae regions, the electroactivity (dzzeff ∼ -50.3 pm/V) is found to be twice as high as that measured for both edge-on II or face-on crystalline domains, as probed by piezoresponse force microscopy (PFM). This result is directly correlated to the direction of the ferroelectric polarization vector in the P(VDF-co-TrFE) orthorhombic cell: larger nanoscale piezoactivity is related to the b-axis which lies along the normal to the substrate plane in the case of the edge-on I domains. Here, the ability to thoroughly gain access to the as-grown polar axis direction within the edge-on crystal lamellae of the ferroelectric organic layers is evidenced by combining the nanometric resolution of the PFM technique with a statistical approach based on its spectroscopic tool. By the gathering of information at the nanoscale, two orientations for the polar b-axis are identified in edge-on lamellar structures. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the structure-property relationships in P(VDF-co-TrFE) films, which is a key issue for the design of future advanced organic electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajmohan Mohandas Moolayil
- Univ. Artois, CNRS, Centrale Lille, Univ. Lille, UMR 8181, Unité de Catalyse et Chimie du Solide (UCCS), F-62300 Lens, France
| | - Antonio Da Costa
- Univ. Artois, CNRS, Centrale Lille, Univ. Lille, UMR 8181, Unité de Catalyse et Chimie du Solide (UCCS), F-62300 Lens, France
| | - Jean-François Tahon
- Univ. Lille, Sciences et Technologies, CNRS, Centrale Lille, INRA, UMR 8207, Unité Matériaux Et Transformations (UMET), F-59655 Villeneuve D'Ascq, France
| | - Vincent Bouad
- Univ. Lille, Sciences et Technologies, CNRS, Centrale Lille, INRA, UMR 8207, Unité Matériaux Et Transformations (UMET), F-59655 Villeneuve D'Ascq, France
- ICGM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34296 Montpellier, France
| | - Arthur Hamieh
- Univ. Lille, Sciences et Technologies, CNRS, Centrale Lille, INRA, UMR 8207, Unité Matériaux Et Transformations (UMET), F-59655 Villeneuve D'Ascq, France
- Département Opto-Acousto-Electronique (IEMN-DOAE), Site de Valenciennes - UPHF, Univ. Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF), CNRS, UMR 8520, Institut d'Electronique, de Microélectronique et de Nanotechnologie, F-59300 Valenciennes, France
| | - Freddy Ponchel
- Département Opto-Acousto-Electronique (IEMN-DOAE), Site de Valenciennes - UPHF, Univ. Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF), CNRS, UMR 8520, Institut d'Electronique, de Microélectronique et de Nanotechnologie, F-59300 Valenciennes, France
| | | | - Denis Rémiens
- Département Opto-Acousto-Electronique (IEMN-DOAE), Site de Valenciennes - UPHF, Univ. Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF), CNRS, UMR 8520, Institut d'Electronique, de Microélectronique et de Nanotechnologie, F-59300 Valenciennes, France
| | - Jean-Marc Lefebvre
- Univ. Lille, Sciences et Technologies, CNRS, Centrale Lille, INRA, UMR 8207, Unité Matériaux Et Transformations (UMET), F-59655 Villeneuve D'Ascq, France
| | - Rachel Desfeux
- Univ. Artois, CNRS, Centrale Lille, Univ. Lille, UMR 8181, Unité de Catalyse et Chimie du Solide (UCCS), F-62300 Lens, France
| | - Sophie Barrau
- Univ. Lille, Sciences et Technologies, CNRS, Centrale Lille, INRA, UMR 8207, Unité Matériaux Et Transformations (UMET), F-59655 Villeneuve D'Ascq, France
| | - Anthony Ferri
- Univ. Artois, CNRS, Centrale Lille, Univ. Lille, UMR 8181, Unité de Catalyse et Chimie du Solide (UCCS), F-62300 Lens, France
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3
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Chernozem RV, Pariy IO, Pryadko A, Bonartsev AP, Voinova VV, Zhuikov VA, Makhina TK, Bonartseva GA, Shaitan KV, Shvartsman VV, Lupascu DC, Romanyuk KN, Kholkin AL, Surmenev RA, Surmeneva MA. A comprehensive study of the structure and piezoelectric response of biodegradable polyhydroxybutyrate-based films for tissue engineering applications. Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1038/s41428-022-00662-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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4
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Integrated analysis of chain orientation induced anisotropy in nanoimprinted PVDF based copolymers. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2021.124435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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5
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Li D, Sun S, Wang K, Ahmadi Z, Shield JE, Ducharme S, Hong X. Assembly of Close-Packed Ferroelectric Polymer Nanowires via Interface-Epitaxy with ReS 2. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2100214. [PMID: 34062016 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202100214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The flexible, transparent, and low-weight nature of ferroelectric polymers makes them promising for wearable electronic and optical applications. To reach the full potential of the polarization-enabled device functionalities, large-scale fabrication of polymer thin films with well-controlled polar directions is called for, which remains a central challenge. The widely exploited Langmuir-Blodgett, spin-coating, and electrospinning methods only yield polymorphous or polycrystalline films, where the net polarization is compromised. Here, an easily scalable approach is reported to achieve poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene) P(VDF-TrFE) thin films composed of close-packed crystalline nanowires via interface-epitaxy with 1T'-ReS2 . Upon controlled thermal treatment, uniform P(VDF-TrFE) films restructure into about 10 and 35 nm-wide (010)-oriented nanowires that are crystallographically aligned with the underlying ReS2 , as revealed by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. Piezoresponse force microscopy studies confirm the out-of-plane polar axis of the nanowire films and reveal coercive voltages as low as 0.1 V. Reversing the polarization can induce a conductance switching ratio of >108 in bilayer ReS2 , over six orders of magnitude higher than that achieved by an untreated polymer gate. This study points to a cost-effective route to large-scale processing of high-performance ferroelectric polymer thin films for flexible energy-efficient nanoelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawei Li
- Department of Physics and Astronomy & Nebraska Center for Materials and Nanoscience, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, 68588-0299, USA
| | - Shuo Sun
- Department of Physics and Astronomy & Nebraska Center for Materials and Nanoscience, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, 68588-0299, USA
| | - Kun Wang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy & Nebraska Center for Materials and Nanoscience, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, 68588-0299, USA
| | - Zahra Ahmadi
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588-0526, USA
| | - Jeffrey E Shield
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588-0526, USA
| | - Stephen Ducharme
- Department of Physics and Astronomy & Nebraska Center for Materials and Nanoscience, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, 68588-0299, USA
| | - Xia Hong
- Department of Physics and Astronomy & Nebraska Center for Materials and Nanoscience, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, 68588-0299, USA
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Hong S, Liow CH, Yuk JM, Byon HR, Yang Y, Cho E, Yeom J, Park G, Kang H, Kim S, Shim Y, Na M, Jeong C, Hwang G, Kim H, Kim H, Eom S, Cho S, Jun H, Lee Y, Baucour A, Bang K, Kim M, Yun S, Ryu J, Han Y, Jetybayeva A, Choi PP, Agar JC, Kalinin SV, Voorhees PW, Littlewood P, Lee HM. Reducing Time to Discovery: Materials and Molecular Modeling, Imaging, Informatics, and Integration. ACS NANO 2021; 15:3971-3995. [PMID: 33577296 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c00211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Multiscale and multimodal imaging of material structures and properties provides solid ground on which materials theory and design can flourish. Recently, KAIST announced 10 flagship research fields, which include KAIST Materials Revolution: Materials and Molecular Modeling, Imaging, Informatics and Integration (M3I3). The M3I3 initiative aims to reduce the time for the discovery, design and development of materials based on elucidating multiscale processing-structure-property relationship and materials hierarchy, which are to be quantified and understood through a combination of machine learning and scientific insights. In this review, we begin by introducing recent progress on related initiatives around the globe, such as the Materials Genome Initiative (U.S.), Materials Informatics (U.S.), the Materials Project (U.S.), the Open Quantum Materials Database (U.S.), Materials Research by Information Integration Initiative (Japan), Novel Materials Discovery (E.U.), the NOMAD repository (E.U.), Materials Scientific Data Sharing Network (China), Vom Materials Zur Innovation (Germany), and Creative Materials Discovery (Korea), and discuss the role of multiscale materials and molecular imaging combined with machine learning in realizing the vision of M3I3. Specifically, microscopies using photons, electrons, and physical probes will be revisited with a focus on the multiscale structural hierarchy, as well as structure-property relationships. Additionally, data mining from the literature combined with machine learning will be shown to be more efficient in finding the future direction of materials structures with improved properties than the classical approach. Examples of materials for applications in energy and information will be reviewed and discussed. A case study on the development of a Ni-Co-Mn cathode materials illustrates M3I3's approach to creating libraries of multiscale structure-property-processing relationships. We end with a future outlook toward recent developments in the field of M3I3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seungbum Hong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Engineering (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- KAIST Institute for NanoCentury (KINC), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Engineering (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Chi Hao Liow
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Engineering (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Min Yuk
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Engineering (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Ryung Byon
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Engineering (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Yongsoo Yang
- Department of Physics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Engineering (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - EunAe Cho
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Engineering (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiwon Yeom
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Engineering (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Gun Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Engineering (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeonmuk Kang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Engineering (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Seunggu Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Engineering (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoonsu Shim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Engineering (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Moony Na
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Engineering (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Chaehwa Jeong
- Department of Physics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Engineering (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyuseong Hwang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Engineering (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hongjun Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Engineering (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hoon Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Engineering (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongmun Eom
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Engineering (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongwoo Cho
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Engineering (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hosun Jun
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Engineering (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Yongju Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Engineering (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Arthur Baucour
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Engineering (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Kihoon Bang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Engineering (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Myungjoon Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Engineering (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Seokjung Yun
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Engineering (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongjae Ryu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Engineering (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngjoon Han
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Engineering (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Albina Jetybayeva
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Engineering (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Pyuck-Pa Choi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Engineering (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Joshua C Agar
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United States
| | - Sergei V Kalinin
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Peter W Voorhees
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Peter Littlewood
- James Franck Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Hyuck Mo Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Engineering (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
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7
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Liu J, Zhao Q, Dong Y, Sun X, Hu Z, Dong H, Hu W, Yan S. Self-polarized Poly(vinylidene fluoride) Ultrathin Film and Its Piezo/Ferroelectric Properties. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:29818-29825. [PMID: 32498506 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c06809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Organic nonvolatile memory with ultralow power consumption is a critical research demand for next-generation memory applications. However, obtaining a large-area, highly oriented ferroelectric ultrathin film with low leakage current and stable ferroelectric switching remains a challenge for achieving low operation voltage in ferroelectric memory transistors. Here, an ideal ferroelectric neat PVDF ultrathin film with a high degree of orientation is fabricated by a melt-draw technique without post-thermal treatment and assisted stabilization process. The PVDF ultrathin film is self-polarized with predominantly vertical orientation of dipole moments, exhibiting a d33 of 25 pm V-1 and the ultralow coercive voltage of approximately 3 V characterized by piezoresponse force microscopy. A remnant polarization of 6.3 μC cm-2 is identified based on a PVDF capacitor with an active layer formed by six layers of melt-drawn thin films. By employing a single-layer melt-drawn PVDF ultrathin film as an insulation layer, a bottom-gate-top-contact ferroelectric field-effect transistor is fabricated with a very low operation voltage of 5 V. It exhibits a memory window with an on/off current ratio of 103 at zero gate bias and threshold voltage shift of around 2 V.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junming Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Qiang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yufei Dong
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xiaoli Sun
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Zhijun Hu
- Center for Soft Condensed Matter Physics and Interdisciplinary Research, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Huanli Dong
- Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Wenping Hu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Shouke Yan
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics, Ministry of Education/Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Rubber-plastics, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
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8
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Kim KL, Koo M, Park C. Controlled polymer crystal/two-dimensional material heterostructures for high-performance photoelectronic applications. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:5293-5307. [PMID: 32100770 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr10911k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The control of atomically thin two-dimensional (2D) crystal-based heterostructures wherein the interfaces of 2D nanomaterials are vertically stacked with other thin functional materials via van der Waals interactions is highly important for not only optimizing the excellent properties of 2D nanomaterials, but also for utilizing the functionality of the contact materials. In particular, when 2D nanomaterials are combined with soft polymeric components, the resulting photoelectronic devices are potentially scalable and mechanically flexible, allowing the development of a variety of prototype soft-electronic devices, such as solar cells, displays, photodetectors, and non-volatile memory devices. Diverse polymer/2D heterostructures are frequently employed, but the performance of the devices with heterostructures is limited, mainly because of the difficulty in controlling the molecular structures of the polymers on the 2D surface. Thus, understanding the crystal interactions of polymers on atomically flat and dangling-bond-free surfaces of 2D materials is essential for ensuring high performance. In this study, the recent progress made in the development of thin polymer films fabricated on the surfaces of various 2D nanomaterials for high-performance photoelectronic devices is comprehensively reviewed, with an emphasis on the control of the molecular and crystalline structures of the polymers on the 2D surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Lib Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea.
| | - Min Koo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea.
| | - Cheolmin Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea.
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Liu Y, Wang Q. Ferroelectric Polymers Exhibiting Negative Longitudinal Piezoelectric Coefficient: Progress and Prospects. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2020; 7:1902468. [PMID: 32195083 PMCID: PMC7080546 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201902468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 12/08/2019] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Piezoelectric polymers are well-recognized to hold great promise for a wide range of flexible, wearable, and biocompatible applications. Among the known piezoelectric polymers, ferroelectric polymers represented by poly(vinylidene fluoride) and its copolymer poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-trifluoroethylene) possess the best piezoelectric coefficients. However, the physical origin of negative longitudinal piezoelectric coefficients occurring in the polymers remains elusive. To address this long-standing challenge, several theoretical models proposed over the past decades, which are controversial in nature, have been revisited and reviewed. It is concluded that negative longitudinal piezoelectric coefficients arise from the negative longitudinal electrostriction in the crystalline domain of the polymers, independent of amorphous and crystalline-amorphous interfacial regions. The crystalline origin of piezoelectricity offers unprecedented opportunities to improve electromechanical properties of polymers via structural engineering, i.e., design of morphotropic phase boundaries in ferroelectric polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringThe Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPA16802USA
| | - Qing Wang
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringThe Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPA16802USA
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10
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11
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Yang SG, Li Y, Lei J, Zhong GJ, Li ZM. Oriented Polar Crystals in Poly(Vinylidene Fluoride) Produced by Simultaneously Applying Pressure and Flow. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201800299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Gui Yang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering; State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering; Sichuan University; Chengdu 610065 China
| | - Yue Li
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering; State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering; Sichuan University; Chengdu 610065 China
| | - Jun Lei
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering; State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering; Sichuan University; Chengdu 610065 China
| | - Gan-Ji Zhong
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering; State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering; Sichuan University; Chengdu 610065 China
| | - Zhong-Ming Li
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering; State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering; Sichuan University; Chengdu 610065 China
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12
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Qian J, Jiang S, Wang Q, Yang C, Duan Y, Wang H, Guo J, Shi Y, Li Y. Temperature dependence of piezo- and ferroelectricity in ultrathin P(VDF-TrFE) films. RSC Adv 2018; 8:29164-29171. [PMID: 35548011 PMCID: PMC9084441 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra05648j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The polymer poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-trifluoroethylene) (P(VDF-TrFE)) is highly desirable for piezoelectric and ferroelectric functional applications owing to its considerable electromechanical activity and reliable electrical polarization. However, a clear understanding of the effect of the thermal annealing on the electromechanical behavior and polarization nature of ultrathin crystalline P(VDF-TrFE) films is severely lacking. Here we report the thermally induced structural reorganization, and piezo- and ferroelectric features in the ultrathin P(VDF-TrFE) films. On applying a 40 °C annealing treatment, the polarization-patterned electrostrictive strain reaches the highest value of ∼53.7 pm. Besides, the ultrathin film exhibits a highly ordered antiparallel dipole alignment, the highest local piezoelectric activity, and an improved polarization relaxation time. The optimum film properties are achieved owing to a high degree of polymer chains oriented parallel to the substrate plane. Our results can reveal a promising avenue for nano-electro-mechanical and nano-ferroelectric electronic applications using ultrathin P(VDF-TrFE) films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Qian
- National Laboratory of Solid-State Microstructures, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University Nanjing 210093 P. R. China
| | - Sai Jiang
- National Laboratory of Solid-State Microstructures, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University Nanjing 210093 P. R. China
| | - Qijing Wang
- National Laboratory of Solid-State Microstructures, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University Nanjing 210093 P. R. China
| | - Chengdong Yang
- National Laboratory of Solid-State Microstructures, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University Nanjing 210093 P. R. China
| | - Yiwei Duan
- National Laboratory of Solid-State Microstructures, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University Nanjing 210093 P. R. China
| | - Hengyuan Wang
- National Laboratory of Solid-State Microstructures, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University Nanjing 210093 P. R. China
| | - Jianhang Guo
- National Laboratory of Solid-State Microstructures, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University Nanjing 210093 P. R. China
| | - Yi Shi
- National Laboratory of Solid-State Microstructures, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University Nanjing 210093 P. R. China
| | - Yun Li
- National Laboratory of Solid-State Microstructures, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University Nanjing 210093 P. R. China
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13
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Song J, Xiao Z, Chen B, Prockish S, Chen X, Rajapitamahuni A, Zhang L, Huang J, Hong X. Enhanced Piezoelectric Response in Hybrid Lead Halide Perovskite Thin Films via Interfacing with Ferroelectric PbZr 0.2Ti 0.8O 3. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:19218-19225. [PMID: 29733190 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b03403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We report a more than 10-fold enhancement of the piezoelectric coefficient d33 of polycrystalline CH3NH3PbI3 (MAPbI3) films when interfacing them with ferroelectric PbZr0.2Ti0.8O3 (PZT). Piezoresponse force microscopy (PFM) studies reveal [Formula: see text] values of 0.3-0.4 pm/V for MAPbI3 deposited on Au, indium tin oxide, and SrTiO3 surfaces, with small phase angle fluctuating at length scales smaller than the grain size. In sharp contrast, on samples prepared on epitaxial PZT films, we observe large-scale polar domains exhibiting clear, close to 180° PFM phase contrasts, pointing to polar axes along the film normal. By separating the piezoresponse contributions from the MAPbI3 and PZT layers, we extract a significantly higher [Formula: see text] of ∼4 pm/V, which is attributed to the enhanced alignment of the MA molecular dipoles promoted by the unbalanced surface potential of PZT. We also discuss the effect of the interfacial screening layer on the preferred polar direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingfeng Song
- Department of Physics and Astronomy , University of Nebraska-Lincoln , Lincoln , Nebraska 68588-0299 , United States
| | - Zhiyong Xiao
- Department of Physics and Astronomy , University of Nebraska-Lincoln , Lincoln , Nebraska 68588-0299 , United States
| | - Bo Chen
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering , University of Nebraska-Lincoln , Lincoln , Nebraska 68588-0526 , United States
| | - Spencer Prockish
- Department of Physics and Astronomy , University of Nebraska-Lincoln , Lincoln , Nebraska 68588-0299 , United States
| | - Xuegang Chen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy , University of Nebraska-Lincoln , Lincoln , Nebraska 68588-0299 , United States
| | - Anil Rajapitamahuni
- Department of Physics and Astronomy , University of Nebraska-Lincoln , Lincoln , Nebraska 68588-0299 , United States
| | - Le Zhang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy , University of Nebraska-Lincoln , Lincoln , Nebraska 68588-0299 , United States
| | - Jinsong Huang
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering , University of Nebraska-Lincoln , Lincoln , Nebraska 68588-0526 , United States
- Nebraska Center for Materials and Nanoscience , University of Nebraska-Lincoln , Lincoln , Nebraska 68588-0298 , United States
| | - Xia Hong
- Department of Physics and Astronomy , University of Nebraska-Lincoln , Lincoln , Nebraska 68588-0299 , United States
- Nebraska Center for Materials and Nanoscience , University of Nebraska-Lincoln , Lincoln , Nebraska 68588-0298 , United States
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14
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Celano U, Popovici M, Florent K, Lavizzari S, Favia P, Paulussen K, Bender H, di Piazza L, Van Houdt J, Vandervorst W. The flexoelectric effect in Al-doped hafnium oxide. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:8471-8476. [PMID: 29691544 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr00618k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
After the successful introduction as a replacement for the SiO2 gate dielectric in metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors, HfO2 is currently one of the most studied binary oxide systems with ubiquitous applications in nanoelectronics. For years, the interest of microelectronic downscaling has focused on tuning the dielectric constant of HfO2, particularly for monoclinic and tetragonal phases. Recently, Müller et al. showed the occurrence of ferroelectricity in orthorhombic HfO2 obtained by doping with Si, Y or Al which can alter the centrosymmetric atomic structure of the elemental binary oxide. Ferroelectric HfO2 is characterized by a permanent electric dipole that can be reversed through the application of an external voltage. As all ferroelectrics, a strong coupling between the polarization and the deformation exists, a property which has allowed the development of piezoelectric sensors and actuators. However, ferroelectrics also show a coupling between the electrical polarization and the deformation gradient, defined as flexoelectricity. In essence, the free charge inside the material redistributes in response to strain gradients, inducing a net non-zero dipole moment, eventually reaching polarization reversal by the sole application of a mechanical stress. Here we show the flexoelectric effect in Al-doped hafnium oxide, using the tip of an atomic force microscope (AFM) to maximize the strain gradient at the nanometre scale. Our analysis indicates that pure mechanical force can be used for the local polarization control of sub-100 nm domains. Due to the full compatibility of HfO2 in the modern CMOS process, the discovery of flexoelectricity in hafnia paves the way for (1) nanoscopic memory bits that can be written mechanically and read electrically, (2) tip-induced reprogrammable ferroelectric-based logic and (3) electromechanical transducers.
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15
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Barrau S, Ferri A, Da Costa A, Defebvin J, Leroy S, Desfeux R, Lefebvre JM. Nanoscale Investigations of α- and γ-Crystal Phases in PVDF-Based Nanocomposites. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:13092-13099. [PMID: 29589902 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b02172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The impact of carbon nanotube (CNT) incorporation into semicrystalline poly(vinylidene fluoride), PVDF, was investigated at both the macro and nanoscales. A special effort was devoted to probe the local morphology and the mechanical, ferroelectric, piezoelectric, and electrical conductivity response by means of atomic force microscopy. Incorporation of CNTs mainly induces the development of the polar γ-phase, and as a consequence, the coexistence of the γ-phase with the most stable nonpolar α-phase is observed. A maximum γ-phase content is reached at 0.7 wt % CNT loading. The spherulitic morphology of the PVDF α-phase is assessed, in conjunction with the lack of any ferroelectric response, while the presence of the polar γ-phase is confirmed, owing to clear piezoresponse signals. Local piezoelectric measurements on γ-phase domains yield a maximum effective coefficient | d33| ≈ 13 pm/V, thus underlining the potential for applications of such functional PVDF-based nanocomposites in advanced piezoelectric devices. An increase in macroscopic conductivity with CNT content is observed, with a percolation threshold achieved for a composition close to 0.7 wt %. Nanoscale investigation of the electrical conductivity confirms the presence of some infinite CNT cluster homogeneously distributed over the surface. The macroscopic viscoelastic behavior of the composite reflects the reinforcing effect of CNTs, while the nanomechanical characterization yields a local contact modulus of the γ-phase domains larger than that of its α-phase counterpart, in agreement with the fact that the CNTs act as γ-phase promoters and subsequently reinforce the γ-domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Barrau
- Université Lille, Sciences et Technologies, CNRS, Unité Matériaux Et Transformations (UMET) , F-59000 Lille , France
| | - Anthony Ferri
- Université Artois, CNRS, Centrale Lille, ENSCL, Université Lille, UMR 8181, Unité de Catalyse et Chimie du Solide (UCCS) , F-62300 Lens , France
| | - Antonio Da Costa
- Université Artois, CNRS, Centrale Lille, ENSCL, Université Lille, UMR 8181, Unité de Catalyse et Chimie du Solide (UCCS) , F-62300 Lens , France
| | - Juliette Defebvin
- Université Lille, Sciences et Technologies, CNRS, Unité Matériaux Et Transformations (UMET) , F-59000 Lille , France
| | - Sébastien Leroy
- Université Artois, CNRS, Centrale Lille, ENSCL, Université Lille, UMR 8181, Unité de Catalyse et Chimie du Solide (UCCS) , F-62300 Lens , France
| | - Rachel Desfeux
- Université Artois, CNRS, Centrale Lille, ENSCL, Université Lille, UMR 8181, Unité de Catalyse et Chimie du Solide (UCCS) , F-62300 Lens , France
| | - Jean-Marc Lefebvre
- Université Lille, Sciences et Technologies, CNRS, Unité Matériaux Et Transformations (UMET) , F-59000 Lille , France
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16
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Ievlev AV, Brown C, Burch MJ, Agar JC, Velarde GA, Martin LW, Maksymovych P, Kalinin SV, Ovchinnikova OS. Chemical Phenomena of Atomic Force Microscopy Scanning. Anal Chem 2018; 90:3475-3481. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b05225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Chance Brown
- The Bredesen Center, University of Tennessee, 821 Volunteer Boulevard, Knoxville, Tennessee 37920, United States
| | | | - Joshua C. Agar
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Gabriel A. Velarde
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Lane W. Martin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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17
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Unveiling the piezoelectric nature of polar α-phase P(VDF-TrFE) at quasi-two-dimensional limit. Sci Rep 2018; 8:532. [PMID: 29323334 PMCID: PMC5765141 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-18845-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Piezoelectric response of P(VDF-TrFE), which is modulated by the dipole density due to the polarization switching on applying an electric field, allows it act as the fundamental components for electromechanical systems. As proposed since the 1970s, its polar α-phase is supposed to yield an enhanced piezoelectric activity. However, its experimental verification has never been reported, hampered by a substantial challenge for the achievement of a smooth, neat α-phase film. Here, we prepare ultrathin crystalline α-phase P(VDF-TrFE) films on the AlOx/Al-coated SiO2/Si substrates via a solution-based approach at room temperature. Thus, we unveil the piezoelectric nature of the polar α-phase P(VDF-TrFE) at a quasi-two-dimensional limit. The obtained values of the relative morphological deformation, the local effective piezoelectric coefficient, and the electric field-induced strain reach up to 37 pm, −46.4 pm V−1, and 4.1%, respectively. Such a robust piezoelectric response is even higher than that of the β-phase. Besides, the evolution of piezoelectricity, which is related to the piezoelectric properties of two polarization states, is also studied. Our work can enable the exploration of the prospective applications of polar α-phase P(VDF-TrFE) films.
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18
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Li T, Feng ZQ, Yan K, Yuan T, Wei W, Yuan X, Wang C, Wang T, Dong W, Zheng J. Pure OPM nanofibers with high piezoelectricity designed for energy harvesting in vitro and in vivo. J Mater Chem B 2018; 6:5343-5352. [DOI: 10.1039/c8tb01702f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Pure OPM nanofibers with unprecedented high piezoelectricity are successfully fabricated and applied on the skin as a motion sensor and in arterial blood vessels as a nanogenerator for energy harvesting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Li
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology
- Nanjing
- China
| | - Zhang-Qi Feng
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology
- Nanjing
- China
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics
| | - Ke Yan
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology
- Nanjing
- China
| | - Tao Yuan
- Department of Orthopedic
- Nanjing Jinling Hospital
- Nanjing
- China
| | - Wuting Wei
- Department of Orthopedic
- Nanjing Jinling Hospital
- Nanjing
- China
| | - Xu Yuan
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology
- Nanjing
- China
- Nanjing Daniel New Mstar Technology Ltd
| | - Chao Wang
- Office of Science and Technology Research
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology
- Nanjing
- China
| | - Ting Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics
- Southeast University
- Nanjing 210096
- China
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
| | - Wei Dong
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology
- Nanjing
- China
| | - Jie Zheng
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
- The University of Akron
- Akron
- USA
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19
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Ghosh SK, Xie M, Bowen CR, Davies PR, Morgan DJ, Mandal D. A hybrid strain and thermal energy harvester based on an infra-red sensitive Er 3+ modified poly(vinylidene fluoride) ferroelectret structure. Sci Rep 2017; 7:16703. [PMID: 29196713 PMCID: PMC5711940 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-16822-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In this paper, a novel infra-red (IR) sensitive Er3+ modified poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) (Er-PVDF) film is developed for converting both mechanical and thermal energies into useful electrical power. The addition of Er3+ to PVDF is shown to improve piezoelectric properties due to the formation of a self-polarized ferroelectric β-phase and the creation of an electret-like porous structure. In addition, we demonstrate that Er3+ acts to enhance heat transfer into the Er-PVDF film due to its excellent infrared absorbance, which, leads to rapid and large temperature fluctuations and improved pyroelectric energy transformation. We demonstrate the potential of this novel material for mechanical energy harvesting by creating a durable ferroelectret energy harvester/nanogenerator (FTNG). The high thermal stability of the β-phase enables the FTNG to harvest large temperature fluctuations (ΔT ~ 24 K). Moreover, the superior mechanosensitivity, SM ~ 3.4 VPa-1 of the FTNG enables the design of a wearable self-powered health-care monitoring system by human-machine integration. The combination of rare-earth ion, Er3+ with the ferroelectricity of PVDF provides a new and robust approach for delivering smart materials and structures for self-powered wireless technologies, sensors and Internet of Things (IoT) devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujoy Kumar Ghosh
- Organic Nano-Piezoelectric Device Laboratory (ONPDL), Department of Physics, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - Mengying Xie
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | | | - Philip R Davies
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - David J Morgan
- Cardiff Catalysis Institute, School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, United Kingdom
| | - Dipankar Mandal
- Organic Nano-Piezoelectric Device Laboratory (ONPDL), Department of Physics, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032, India.
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Phase-10, Sector-64, Mohali, 160062, India.
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20
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Abstract
Flexible organic materials possessing useful electrical properties, such as ferroelectricity, are of crucial importance in the engineering of electronic devices. Up until now, however, only ferroelectric polymers have intrinsically met this flexibility requirement, leaving small-molecule organic ferroelectrics with room for improvement. Since both flexibility and ferroelectricity are rare properties on their own, combining them in one crystalline organic material is challenging. Herein, we report that trisubstituted haloimidazoles not only display ferroelectricity and piezoelectricity-the properties that originate from their non-centrosymmetric crystal lattice-but also lend their crystalline mechanical properties to fine-tuning in a controllable manner by disrupting the weak halogen bonds between the molecules. This element of control makes it possible to deliver another unique and highly desirable property, namely crystal flexibility. Moreover, the electrical properties are maintained in the flexible crystals.
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21
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Charge collection kinetics on ferroelectric polymer surface using charge gradient microscopy. Sci Rep 2016; 6:25087. [PMID: 27138943 PMCID: PMC4853730 DOI: 10.1038/srep25087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
A charge gradient microscopy (CGM) probe was used to collect surface screening charges on poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene) [P(VDF-TrFE)] thin films. These charges are naturally formed on unscreened ferroelectric domains in ambient condition. The CGM data were used to map the local electric current originating from the collected surface charges on the poled ferroelectric domains in the P(VDF-TrFE) thin films. Both the direction and amount of the collected current were controlled by changing the polarity and area of the poled domains. The endurance of charge collection by rubbing the CGM tip on the polymer film was limited to 20 scan cycles, after which the current reduced to almost zero. This degradation was attributed to the increase of the chemical bonding strength between the external screening charges and the polarization charges. Once this degradation mechanism is mitigated, the CGM technique can be applied to efficient energy harvesting devices using polymer ferroelectrics.
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22
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Tong S, Jung IW, Choi YY, Hong S, Roelofs A. Imaging Ferroelectric Domains and Domain Walls Using Charge Gradient Microscopy: Role of Screening Charges. ACS NANO 2016; 10:2568-2574. [PMID: 26751281 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5b07551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Advanced scanning probe microscopies (SPMs) open up the possibilities of the next-generation ferroic devices that utilize both domains and domain walls as active elements. However, current SPMs lack the capability of dynamically monitoring the motion of domains and domain walls in conjunction with the transport of the screening charges that lower the total electrostatic energy of both domains and domain walls. Charge gradient microscopy (CGM) is a strong candidate to overcome these shortcomings because it can map domains and domain walls at high speed and mechanically remove the screening charges. Yet the underlying mechanism of the CGM signals is not fully understood due to the complexity of the electrostatic interactions. Here, we designed a semiconductor-metal CGM tip, which can separate and quantify the ferroelectric domain and domain wall signals by simply changing its scanning direction. Our investigation reveals that the domain wall signals are due to the spatial change of polarization charges, while the domain signals are due to continuous removal and supply of screening charges at the CGM tip. In addition, we observed asymmetric CGM domain currents from the up and down domains, which are originated from the different debonding energies and the amount of the screening charges on positive and negative bound charges. We believe that our findings can help design CGM with high spatial resolution and lead to breakthroughs in information storage and energy-harvesting devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Tong
- Center for Nanoscale Materials and ‡Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne National Laboratory , Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Il Woong Jung
- Center for Nanoscale Materials and ‡Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne National Laboratory , Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Yoon-Young Choi
- Center for Nanoscale Materials and ‡Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne National Laboratory , Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Seungbum Hong
- Center for Nanoscale Materials and ‡Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne National Laboratory , Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Andreas Roelofs
- Center for Nanoscale Materials and ‡Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne National Laboratory , Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
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23
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Bhavanasi V, Kumar V, Parida K, Wang J, Lee PS. Enhanced Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting Performance of Flexible PVDF-TrFE Bilayer Films with Graphene Oxide. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:521-9. [PMID: 26693844 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b09502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Ferroelectric materials have attracted interest in recent years due to their application in energy harvesting owing to its piezoelectric nature. Ferroelectric polymers are flexible and can sustain larger strains compared to inorganic counterparts, making them attractive for harvesting energy from mechanical vibrations. Herein, we report, for the first time, the enhanced piezoelectric energy harvesting performance of the bilayer films of poled poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene) [PVDF-TrFE] and graphene oxide (GO). The bilayer film exhibits superior energy harvesting performance with a voltage output of 4 V and power output of 4.41 μWcm(-2) compared to poled PVDF-TrFE films alone (voltage output of 1.9 V and power output of 1.77 μWcm(-2)). The enhanced voltage and power output in the presence of GO film is due to the combined effect of electrostatic contribution from graphene oxide, residual tensile stress, enhanced Young's modulus of the bilayer films, and the presence of space charge at the interface of the PVDF-TrFE and GO films, arising from the uncompensated polarization of PVDF-TrFE. Higher Young's modulus and dielectric constant of GO led to the efficient transfer of mechanical and electrical energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkateswarlu Bhavanasi
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University , 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798
| | - Vipin Kumar
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University , 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798
| | - Kaushik Parida
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University , 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798
| | - Jiangxin Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University , 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798
| | - Pooi See Lee
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University , 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798
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24
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Soin N, Boyer D, Prashanthi K, Sharma S, Narasimulu AA, Luo J, Shah TH, Siores E, Thundat T. Exclusive self-aligned β-phase PVDF films with abnormal piezoelectric coefficient prepared via phase inversion. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:8257-60. [PMID: 25874745 DOI: 10.1039/c5cc01688f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Self-polarised poly(vinylidene fluoride), (PVDF), films were prepared via a facile phase-inversion technique wherein the polymorphism of the films was controlled from exclusive α- (>90%) to β-phase (>98%) by simply varying the quenching temperature from 100 °C to -20 °C, respectively. At low temperatures, the β-phase crystallites were found to be self-aligned, with the PVDF thin films possessing a high piezoelectric coefficient of up to -49.6 pm V(-1). The extraordinarily high β-phase and piezoelectric coefficient of these PVDF films make them suitable for electroactive and energy harvesting applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Soin
- Inst. Renew. Energy & Environ. Technol. Uni. of Bolton, Deane Road, Bolton, BL3 5AB, UK.
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