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Wang D, Chen Q, Hui B, Yuan K, Zou X, Ma N, Gong Z, Fan M. Microwave disinfection strengthened by a biochar-based microwave absorbing material for sewage resource utilization. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2024; 45:4388-4396. [PMID: 37610014 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2023.2251656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Proper disinfection treatment is the basic guarantee for safe utilisation of sewage. However, the commonly used disinfection methods are not suitable for nutrients containing reclaimed water. In this work, the microwave disinfection method assisted by a microwave-absorbing material in recycled water samples was investigated. Magnetic corn stalk biochar (MCSB), the microwave absorbing material, was prepared by high temperature carbonisation of corn stalk particles impregnated with ferrous sulfate. Escherichia coli and fecal coliforms were selected as target microorganisms to investigate the disinfection efficiency of MCSB assisted microwave radiation (MW/MCSB). The addition of microwave absorbing materials significantly improves the disinfection effect of water samples. Compared with the microwave radiation (MW) without MCSB, the bactericidal rate by using 107 CFU/L E. coli suspension increased from 63.5% to 100% at 480 W for 30 s after adding 4 g/L MCSB. Besides, the effects of MCSB dosage, microwave power, microwave radiation time, and initial bacterial concentration on disinfection efficiency were explored. Moreover, the bactericidal efficiency for actual sewage samples was also demonstrated by treating the effluent from septic tank sewage. The residual fecal coliforms in treated water samples met China's farmland irrigation water standard (GB 5084-2021). The result indicates that the proposed method of microwave disinfection strengthened by MCSB has a promising application prospect for reclaimed water disinfection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongmei Wang
- Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Qianxi Chen
- Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Binyu Hui
- Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Yuan
- Guangyuan City Development Group Co., Ltd, Guangyuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianbing Zou
- Guangyuan City Development Group Co., Ltd, Guangyuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Nan Ma
- Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengjun Gong
- Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Meikun Fan
- Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
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2
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Li J, Chen K, Lin L, Han S, Meng F, Hu E, Qin W, Gao Y, Jiang J. Product Selection Toward High-Value Hydrogen and Bamboo-Shaped Carbon Nanotubes from Plastic Waste by Catalytic Microwave Processing. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:14675-14686. [PMID: 39102504 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.4c03471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/07/2024]
Abstract
The escalating levels of plastic waste and energy crises underscore the urgent need for effective waste-to-energy strategies. This study focused on converting polypropylene wastes into high-value products employing various iron-based catalysts and microwave radiative thermal processing. The Al-Fe catalysts exhibited exceptional performance, achieving a hydrogen utilization efficiency of 97.65% and a yield of 44.07 mmol/g PP. The gas yields increased from 19.99 to 94.21 wt % compared to noncatalytic experiments. Furthermore, this catalytic system produced high-value bamboo-shaped carbon nanotubes that were absent in other catalysts. The mechanism analysis on catalytic properties and product yields highlighted the significance of oxygen vacancies in selecting high-value products through two adsorption pathways. Moreover, the investigation examined the variations in product distribution mechanisms between conventional and microwave pyrolysis, in which microwave conditions resulted in 4 times higher hydrogen yields. The technoeconomic assessment and Monte Carlo risk analysis further compared the disparity. The microwave technique had a remarkable internal rate of return (IRR) of 39%, leading to an income of $577/t of plastic with a short payback period of 2.5 years. This research offered sustainable solutions for the plastic crisis, validating the potential applicability of commercializing the research outcomes in real-world scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinglin Li
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Kailun Chen
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Li Lin
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Siyu Han
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Fanzhi Meng
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Endian Hu
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Weikai Qin
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yuchen Gao
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Jianguo Jiang
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Regional Environmental Quality, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
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3
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Pawelski D, Plonska-Brzezinska ME. Microwave-Assisted Synthesis as a Promising Tool for the Preparation of Materials Containing Defective Carbon Nanostructures: Implications on Properties and Applications. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:6549. [PMID: 37834689 PMCID: PMC10573823 DOI: 10.3390/ma16196549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
In this review, we focus on a small section of the literature that deals with the materials containing pristine defective carbon nanostructures (CNs) and those incorporated into the larger systems containing carbon atoms, heteroatoms, and inorganic components.. Briefly, we discuss only those topics that focus on structural defects related to introducing perturbation into the surface topology of the ideal lattice structure. The disorder in the crystal structure may vary in character, size, and location, which significantly modifies the physical and chemical properties of CNs or their hybrid combination. We focus mainly on the method using microwave (MW) irradiation, which is a powerful tool for synthesizing and modifying carbon-based solid materials due to its simplicity, the possibility of conducting the reaction in solvents and solid phases, and the presence of components of different chemical natures. Herein, we will emphasize the advantages of synthesis using MW-assisted heating and indicate the influence of the structure of the obtained materials on their physical and chemical properties. It is the first review paper that comprehensively summarizes research in the context of using MW-assisted heating to modify the structure of CNs, paying attention to its remarkable universality and simplicity. In the final part, we emphasize the role of MW-assisted heating in creating defects in CNs and the implications in designing their properties and applications. The presented review is a valuable source summarizing the achievements of scientists in this area of research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marta E. Plonska-Brzezinska
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2A, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland;
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4
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M Galindo J, San-Millán I, Castillo-Sarmiento CA, Ballesteros-Yáñez I, Herrero MA, Merino S, Vázquez E. Mimicking the extracellular matrix by incorporating functionalized graphene into hybrid hydrogels. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:14238-14248. [PMID: 37599610 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr02689b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
The efficient functionalization of graphene with sulfonic groups using a sustainable approach facilitates the interaction of biomolecules with its surface. The inclusion of these graphene sheets inside a photopolymerized acrylamide-based hydrogel provides a 3D scaffold with viscoelastic behaviour closer to that found in natural tissues. Cell-culture experiments and differentiation assays with SH-SY5Y cells showed that these hybrid hydrogels are non-cytotoxic, thus making them potentially useful as scaffold materials mimicking the extracellular environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josué M Galindo
- Instituto Regional de Investigación Científica Aplicada (IRICA) and Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain.
| | - Irene San-Millán
- Instituto Regional de Investigación Científica Aplicada (IRICA) and Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain.
| | | | | | - M Antonia Herrero
- Instituto Regional de Investigación Científica Aplicada (IRICA) and Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain.
| | - Sonia Merino
- Instituto Regional de Investigación Científica Aplicada (IRICA) and Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain.
| | - Ester Vázquez
- Instituto Regional de Investigación Científica Aplicada (IRICA) and Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain.
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5
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Mahbub H, Saed MA, Malmali M. Pattern-Dependent Radio Frequency Heating of Laser-Induced Graphene Flexible Heaters. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:18074-18086. [PMID: 36976839 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c00569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Graphene is an excellent choice for heating applications due to its high thermal conductivity and is considered an interesting candidate for application in flexible heaters. The major challenge, though, is the costly and chemical-intensive pathways to produce graphene on a large scale. Laser ablation of polymeric substrates is a relatively recent technique for a facile, single-step, chemical-free fabrication of graphene, referred to as laser-induced graphene (LIG). This work demonstrates the fabrication of patterned LIG-based flexible heaters and their response to radio frequency (RF) electromagnetic waves. Polymeric substrates were scribed with laser patterns in both raster and vector modes and subjected to RF electromagnetic fields to test their heating response. We confirmed different graphene morphologies of the lased patterns through various materials characterization methods. The maximum steady-state temperature observed for the LIG heater was approximately 500 °C. Unprecedented heating rates, as high as 502 °C/s, were observed when LIG heaters were exposed to RF fields at 200 MHz frequency and 4.6 W power. Mechanical and thermal stability tests for the best heater were also performed showing a stable thermal response for 1000 bending cycles and 20 cycles of the heating test for 8.5 h, respectively. Our work suggests that LIG heaters produced in vector mode lasing outperformed those lased in raster mode which can be attributed to the improved graphene quality for RF absorbance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasib Mahbub
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409, United States
| | - Mohammad A Saed
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409, United States
| | - Mahdi Malmali
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409, United States
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6
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Yumura T, Sugimori N, Fukuura S. Theoretical understanding of stability of mechanically interlocked carbon nanotubes and their precursors. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:7527-7539. [PMID: 36853805 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp04738a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Dispersion-corrected DFT calculations were performed on (a,a) nanotubes (a = 5-10) attached by a U-shaped functional group consisting of p-xylene-linked double 9,10-di(1,3-dithiol-2-ylidene)-9,10-dihydro anthracene terminated by CnH2n chains (n = 6, 8, and 9), and their ring-closing macrocycles containing tubes. The reactant precursors and macrocycles are denoted by UP-n-(a,a) and (a,a)@Cycle-n, respectively. We found that UP-n-(a,a) are energetically preferable relative to the dissociation limit toward a U-shaped functional group (UP-n) and a tube (initial state) due to the attractive CH-π and π-π interactions. The attractive interactions are enhanced by increasing the tube diameters and CnH2n chain lengths because UP-n structures can be easily adjusted to interact with the tubes. The stability of (a,a)@Cycle-n and related (a,b)@Cycle-n is sensitive to tube diameters due to the restriction of ring structures. When diameter differences between a Cycle-n and a tube (D-d) are larger than 5 Å, (a,a)@Cycle-n plus C2H4 are energetically preferable relative to the initial state. However, the (a,a)@Cycle-n plus C2H4 byproduct is always energetically unstable relative to UP-n-(a,a). The DFT calculations found that the energy differences were low at D-d values ranging from 7 to 8 Å, explaining the tube-diameter-selective formation of the mechanically-interlocked tubes, observed experimentally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Yumura
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8585, Japan.
| | - Nobuyuki Sugimori
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8585, Japan.
| | - Shuta Fukuura
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8585, Japan.
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7
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The Effect of Elution Speed Control on Purity of Separated Large-Diameter Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes in Gel Chromatography. J IND ENG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2022.08.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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8
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Hou Q, Zhang K, Chen S, Chen J, Zhang Y, Gong N, Guo W, Fang C, Wang L, Jiang J, Dou J, Liang X, Yu J, Liang P. Physical & Chemical Microwave Ablation (MWA) Enabled by Nonionic MWA Nanosensitizers Repress Incomplete MWA-Arised Liver Tumor Recurrence. ACS NANO 2022; 16:5704-5718. [PMID: 35352557 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c10714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Ionic liquid (IL)-loaded or metal ions-enriched nanoparticles have been witnessed to assist microwave ablation (MWA) and heighten heat utilization for tumor treatment, which, however, inevitably brings about cell dys-homeostasis and severely endangers normal cells or tissues. In this report, a nonionic MWA sensitizer that encapsulates ethyl formate (EF) and doxorubicin (DOX) in liposomes (EF-DOX-Lips) was constructed to reinforce MWA and combined therapy against incomplete MWA-induced tumor recurrence. EF in EF-DOX-Lips as the nonionic liquid can perform like IL to accelerate energy transformation from electromagnetic energy to heat for strengthening MWA. More significantly, EF metabolite, that is, ethanol, also enables chemical ablation, which further enhances MWA. As well, the EF gasification-enhanced lipid rupture and cavitation can promote DOX delivery into a liver tumor for magnifying MWA & chemotherapy combined therapy. By virtue of these contributions, this nonionic MWA nanosensitizer exerts robust antitumor effects to inhibit tumor proliferation and angiogenesis for repressing tumor growth and recurrence or metastasis via downregulating the Epha2 gene and unconventional PI3K/Akt & MAPK signal pathways that the incomplete MWA activated, which provides an avenue to elevate an MWA-based antitumor outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qidi Hou
- Department of Medical Ultrasound, Fifth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, No. 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing 100853, P. R. China
- Department of clinical laboratory, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, School of Medical Technology, Guangdong Medical University, No. 1 New City Road, Dongguan 523808, P. R. China
| | - Kun Zhang
- Central Laboratory and Department of Medical Ultrasound, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine. No. 301 Yan-chang-zhong Road, Shanghai 200072, P. R. China
| | - Sitong Chen
- Department of Medical Ultrasound, Fifth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, No. 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing 100853, P. R. China
| | - Jie Chen
- Central Laboratory and Department of Medical Ultrasound, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine. No. 301 Yan-chang-zhong Road, Shanghai 200072, P. R. China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Central Laboratory and Department of Medical Ultrasound, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine. No. 301 Yan-chang-zhong Road, Shanghai 200072, P. R. China
| | - Ningqiang Gong
- Laboratory of Controllable Nanopharmaceuticals, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Center for Excellence in Nanoscience and CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, No. 11 ZhongGuanCun BeiYiTiao, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Weisheng Guo
- Laboratory of Controllable Nanopharmaceuticals, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Center for Excellence in Nanoscience and CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, No. 11 ZhongGuanCun BeiYiTiao, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Chao Fang
- Central Laboratory and Department of Medical Ultrasound, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine. No. 301 Yan-chang-zhong Road, Shanghai 200072, P. R. China
| | - Luo Wang
- Department of Medical Ultrasound, Fifth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, No. 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing 100853, P. R. China
| | - Jian Jiang
- Department of Medical Ultrasound, Fifth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, No. 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing 100853, P. R. China
| | - Jianping Dou
- Department of Medical Ultrasound, Fifth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, No. 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing 100853, P. R. China
| | - Xingjie Liang
- Laboratory of Controllable Nanopharmaceuticals, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Center for Excellence in Nanoscience and CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, No. 11 ZhongGuanCun BeiYiTiao, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Jie Yu
- Department of Medical Ultrasound, Fifth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, No. 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing 100853, P. R. China
| | - Ping Liang
- Department of Medical Ultrasound, Fifth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, No. 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing 100853, P. R. China
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Shahbazi M, Aghvami‐Panah M, Panahi‐Sarmad M, Seraji AA, Zeraatkar A, Ghaffarian Anbaran R, Xiao X. Fabricating bimodal microcellular structure in polystyrene/carbon nanotube/glass‐fiber hybrid nanocomposite foam by microwave‐assisted heating: A proof‐of‐concept study. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.52125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mehrnaz Shahbazi
- Key Laboratory of Eco‐Textiles, Ministry of Education Jiangnan University Wuxi PR China
- Department of Polymer Engineering & Color Technology AmirKabir University of Technology Tehran Iran
| | - Mohammad Aghvami‐Panah
- Key Laboratory of Eco‐Textiles, Ministry of Education Jiangnan University Wuxi PR China
- Department of Polymer Engineering & Color Technology AmirKabir University of Technology Tehran Iran
| | - Mahyar Panahi‐Sarmad
- Key Laboratory of Eco‐Textiles, Ministry of Education Jiangnan University Wuxi PR China
| | - Amir Abbas Seraji
- Department of Polymer Engineering & Color Technology AmirKabir University of Technology Tehran Iran
| | - Ali Zeraatkar
- Department of Polymer Engineering & Color Technology AmirKabir University of Technology Tehran Iran
| | - Reza Ghaffarian Anbaran
- Department of Polymer Engineering & Color Technology AmirKabir University of Technology Tehran Iran
| | - Xueliang Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Eco‐Textiles, Ministry of Education Jiangnan University Wuxi PR China
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10
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Synthesis and Characterization of SiO2@CNTs Microparticles: Evaluation of Microwave-Induced Heat Production. FIBERS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/fib9120081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
This study was focused on the growth of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) on iron chloride-functionalized silica microspheres. In addition, the microwave absorption potential and the subsequent heat production of the resulting structures were monitored by means of infrared thermometry and compared with pristine commercially available MWCNTs. The functionalized silica microparticle substrates produced MWCNTs without any amorphous carbon but with increased structural defects, whereas their heat production performance as microwave absorbents was comparable to that of the pristine MWCNTs. Two-minute microwave irradiation of the SiO2@CNTs structures resulted in an increase in the material’s temperature from ambient temperature up to 173 °C. This research puts forward a new idea of charge modulation of MWCNTs and sheds light on an investigation for the development of bifunctional materials with improved properties with respect to efficient microwave absorbance.
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Jia W, Zhou L, Jiang M, Du J, Zhang M, Han E, Niu H, Wu D. Fabrication of polyimide/graphene nanosheet composite fibers via microwave-assisted imidization strategy. RSC Adv 2021; 11:32647-32653. [PMID: 35493586 PMCID: PMC9042068 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra05044c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, a rapid and efficient strategy was introduced to prepare polyimide/graphene nanosheet (PI/GN) composite fibers by microwave-assisted imidization. The mechanical properties of the PI/GNs (1 wt%) fibers treated by microwave-assisted imidization were apparently improved with the tensile strength of 1.12 GPa at 350 °C, which was approximately 1.7 times as much as those treated with traditional thermal imidization. The PI/GNs (1 wt%) fibers heated by the microwave-assisted imidization method exhibited excellent thermal stabilities of up to 570.3 °C in nitrogen for a 5% weight loss, and a glass transition temperature above 339 °C. The results of the infrared spectrum and thermal properties indicated that the microwave-assisted treatment could promote the imidization degree of the PI/GN fibers prominently. Meanwhile, as a microwave absorber, graphene nanosheets (GNs) could also promote the imidization process by converting microwave energy into thermal energy. The microwave-polyimide/graphene nanosheet (MW-PI/GN) fibers possessed an optimum tensile strength of 1.38 GPa and modulus of 56.82 GPa at the GN content of 0.25 wt%. The 5% weight loss temperature in nitrogen ranged from 520.9 °C to 570.3 °C, and the glass transition temperature was increased from 305.7 °C to 339.1 °C with increasing the GN content. Here, a rapid and efficient strategy was introduced to prepare polyimide/graphene nanosheet (PI/GN) composite fibers by microwave-assisted imidization.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 China +86 10 6442 4654 +86 10 6442 1693 +86 10 6442 4654 +86 10 6442 1693
| | - Lingren Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 China +86 10 6442 4654 +86 10 6442 1693 +86 10 6442 4654 +86 10 6442 1693
| | - Ming Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 China +86 10 6442 4654 +86 10 6442 1693 +86 10 6442 4654 +86 10 6442 1693
| | - Jiang Du
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 China +86 10 6442 4654 +86 10 6442 1693 +86 10 6442 4654 +86 10 6442 1693
| | - Mengying Zhang
- Jiangsu Shino New Material and Technology Co., Ltd Changzhou 213000 China
| | - Enlin Han
- Jiangsu Shino New Material and Technology Co., Ltd Changzhou 213000 China
| | - Hongqing Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 China +86 10 6442 4654 +86 10 6442 1693 +86 10 6442 4654 +86 10 6442 1693
| | - Dezhen Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 China +86 10 6442 4654 +86 10 6442 1693 +86 10 6442 4654 +86 10 6442 1693
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12
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Vashisth A, Upama ST, Anas M, Oh JH, Patil N, Green MJ. Radio frequency heating and material processing using carbon susceptors. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2021; 3:5255-5264. [PMID: 36132636 PMCID: PMC9419054 DOI: 10.1039/d1na00217a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nanomaterials have been shown to rapidly evolve heat in response to electromagnetic fields. Initial studies focused on the use of microwaves, but more recently, it was discovered that carbon nanomaterial systems heat in response to electric fields in the radio frequency range (RF, 1-200 MHz). This is an exciting development because this range of radio frequencies is safe and versatile compared to microwaves. Additional RF susceptor materials include other carbonaceous materials such as carbon black, graphite, graphene oxide, laser-induced graphene, and carbon fibers. Such conductive fillers can be dispersed in matrices such as polymer or ceramics; these composites heat rapidly when stimulated by electromagnetic waves. These findings are valuable for materials processing, where volumetric and/or targeted heating are needed, such as curing composites, bonding multi-material surfaces, additive manufacturing, chemical reactions, actuation, and medical ablation. By changing the loading of these conductive RF susceptors in the embedding medium, material properties can be customized to achieve different heating rates, with possible other benefits in thermo-mechanical properties. Compared to traditional heating and processing methods, RF heating provides faster heating rates with lower infrastructure requirements and better energy efficiency; non-contact RF applicators or capacitors can be used for out-of-oven processing, allowing for distributed manufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aniruddh Vashisth
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington Seattle WA USA
| | - Shegufta T Upama
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University College Station TX USA
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Texas A&M University College Station TX USA
| | - Muhammad Anas
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University College Station TX USA
| | - Ju-Hyun Oh
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University College Station TX USA
| | - Nutan Patil
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University College Station TX USA
| | - Micah J Green
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University College Station TX USA
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Texas A&M University College Station TX USA
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13
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Luo SXL, Liu RY, Lee S, Swager TM. Electrocatalytic Isoxazoline-Nanocarbon Metal Complexes. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:10441-10453. [PMID: 34213315 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c05439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
We report the synthesis of new carbon-nanomaterial-based metal chelates that enable effective electronic coupling to electrocatalytic transition metals. In particular, multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and few-layered graphene (FLG) were covalently functionalized by a microwave-assisted cycloaddition with nitrile oxides to form metal-binding isoxazoline functional groups with high densities. The covalent attachment was evidenced by Raman spectroscopy, and the chemical identity of the surface functional groups was confirmed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS). The functional carbon nanomaterials effectively chelate precious metals Ir(III), Pt(II), and Ru(III), as well as earth-abundant metals such as Ni(II), to afford materials with metal contents as high as 3.0 atom %. The molecularly dispersed nature of the catalysts was confirmed by X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (STEM-EDS) elemental mapping. The interplay between the chelate structure on the graphene surface and its metal binding ability has also been investigated by a combination of experimental and computational studies. The defined ligands on the graphene surfaces enable the formation of structurally precise heterogeneous molecular catalysts. The direct attachment of the isoxazoline functional group on the graphene surfaces provides strong electronic coupling between the chelated metal species and the conductive carbon nanomaterial support. We demonstrate that the metal-chelated carbon nanomaterials are effective heterogeneous catalysts in the oxygen evolution reaction with low overpotentials and tunable catalytic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Xiong Lennon Luo
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Soldier Nanotechnologies, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Richard Y Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Soldier Nanotechnologies, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Sungsik Lee
- X-ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Timothy M Swager
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Soldier Nanotechnologies, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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14
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Tian X, Wang Y, Peng F, Huang F, Tian W, Lou S, Jian X, Li J, Zhou Z. Defect-Enhanced Electromagnetic Wave Absorption Property of Hierarchical Graphite Capsules@Helical Carbon Nanotube Hybrid Nanocomposites. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:28710-28720. [PMID: 34102052 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c06871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Development of high-performance materials for electromagnetic wave absorption has attracted extensive interest, but it still remains a huge challenge especially in reducing density and lowering filler loading. Herein, a hierarchical all-carbon nanostructure is rationally designed as follows: the defect-rich hollow graphite capsules (GCs) controlled by the size/density of ZnO templates are synthesized on the surface of helical carbon nanotubes (HCNTs) to form a hybrid nanocomposite, denoted as GCs@HCNTs. As a result, the GCs@HCNTs demonstrate a strong and wide absorption performance with a very low filler loading of 10 wt %. The minimum reflection loss reaches -51.7 dB at 7.6 GHz, and the effective bandwidth (below -10 dB) ranges from 8 to 14 GHz, covering the whole X or Ku bands. The hierarchical nanostructure and homoatomic heterogeneous interface are beneficial to impedance matching and bring additional dipole polarization enhanced by the structural defects, which may enlighten the design of ultralight and broadband high-performance electromagnetic wave absorption materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Tian
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, P R China
| | - Ying Wang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, P R China
| | - Fuxi Peng
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, P R China
| | - Fei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, P R China
| | - Wei Tian
- School of Materials and Energy, Center for Applied Chemistry, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Shuai Lou
- School of Materials and Energy, Center for Applied Chemistry, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Xian Jian
- School of Materials and Energy, Center for Applied Chemistry, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Jinyang Li
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, P R China
| | - Zuowan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, P R China
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15
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Wilson AJ, Rahman M, Kosmas P, Thanou M. Nanomaterials responding to microwaves: an emerging field for imaging and therapy. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2021; 3:3417-3429. [PMID: 34527861 PMCID: PMC8388194 DOI: 10.1039/d0na00840k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, new microwave-based imaging, sensing and hyperthermia applications have emerged in the field of diagnostics and therapy. For diagnosis, this technology involves the application of low power microwaves, utilising contrast between the relative permittivity of tissues to identify pathologies. This contrast can be further enhanced through the implementation of nanomaterials. For therapy, this technology can be applied in tissues either through hyperthermia, which can help anti-cancer drug tumour penetration or as ablation to destroy malignant tissues. Nanomaterials can absorb electromagnetic radiation and can enhance the microwave hyperthermic effect. In this review we aim to introduce this area of renewed interest and provide insights into current developments in its technologies and companion nanoparticles, as well as presenting an overview of applications for diagnosis and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annah J Wilson
- School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science Franklin Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street London SE1 9NH UK
- Department of Engineering, King's College London UK
| | - Mohammed Rahman
- School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science Franklin Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street London SE1 9NH UK
- Department of Engineering, King's College London UK
| | | | - Maya Thanou
- School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science Franklin Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street London SE1 9NH UK
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16
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Yusof Y, Moosavi S, Johan MR, Badruddin IA, Wahab YA, Hamizi NA, Rahman MA, Kamangar S, Khan TMY. Electromagnetic Characterization of a Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes-Silver Nanoparticles-Reinforced Polyvinyl Alcohol Hybrid Nanocomposite in X-Band Frequency. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:4184-4191. [PMID: 33644542 PMCID: PMC7906594 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c04864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This study presents the electromagnetic (EM) characterization of a multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT)-silver nanoparticles (AgNP)-reinforced poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) hybrid nanocomposite fabricated via the solution mixing technique. Primarily, the structure and morphological properties of the PVA/MWCNT-AgNP hybrid nanocomposite are confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). The complex permittivity (ε*) and permeability (μ*), as well as the electromagnetic scattering parameters are measured using a PNA network analyzer equipped with X-band waveguide. The results showed an enhanced permittivity (ε' ≈ 25) value of the hybrid nanocomposite in the frequency range of 8-12 GHz. However, the permeability decreased to almost zero (μ' ≈ 0.4) since the inclusion of AgNP with an average particle size of 40 nm is not susceptible to magnetization and causes higher magnetic losses (tan δμ) than dielectric losses (tan δε). Remarkably, the hybrid nanocomposite reduced transmission of electromagnetic (EM) wave by nearly 60% in comparison to PVA/MWCNT. This is attributed to the enhanced absorption and reflection at the nanotubes, and metal-dielectric interfaces have induced multiple internal reflections owing to the porous structure of the nanocomposite. The prospect of the PVA/MWCNT-AgNP hybrid nanocomposite is favorable as a thin absorbing material for EM shielding applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusliza Yusof
- Nanotechnology
and Catalysis Research Center (NANOCAT), University of Malaya, Lembah Pantai, Kuala Lumpur 50603 Malaysia
| | - Seyedehmaryam Moosavi
- Nanotechnology
and Catalysis Research Center (NANOCAT), University of Malaya, Lembah Pantai, Kuala Lumpur 50603 Malaysia
| | - Mohd Rafie Johan
- Nanotechnology
and Catalysis Research Center (NANOCAT), University of Malaya, Lembah Pantai, Kuala Lumpur 50603 Malaysia
| | - Irfan Anjum Badruddin
- Research
Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Asir, Kingdom Saudi Arabia
- Mechanical
Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Khalid University, Abha 61413, Asir, Kingdom Saudi Arabia
| | - Yasmin Abdul Wahab
- Nanotechnology
and Catalysis Research Center (NANOCAT), University of Malaya, Lembah Pantai, Kuala Lumpur 50603 Malaysia
| | - Nor Aliya Hamizi
- Nanotechnology
and Catalysis Research Center (NANOCAT), University of Malaya, Lembah Pantai, Kuala Lumpur 50603 Malaysia
| | - Marlinda Ab Rahman
- Nanotechnology
and Catalysis Research Center (NANOCAT), University of Malaya, Lembah Pantai, Kuala Lumpur 50603 Malaysia
| | - Sarfaraz Kamangar
- Mechanical
Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Khalid University, Abha 61413, Asir, Kingdom Saudi Arabia
| | - T. M. Yunus Khan
- Mechanical
Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Khalid University, Abha 61413, Asir, Kingdom Saudi Arabia
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17
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Hilton A, Jeong M, Hsu JH, Cao F, Choi W, Wang X, Yu C, Jo YK. Thermal treatment using microwave irradiation for the phytosanitation of Xylella fastidiosa in pecan graftwood. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0244758. [PMID: 33471831 PMCID: PMC7816998 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0244758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Pecan bacterial leaf scorch caused by Xylella fastidiosa is an emerging disease for the U.S. and international pecan industries and can be transmitted from scion to rootstock via grafting. With the expanse of global transportation and trade networks, phytosanitation is critical for reducing the spread of economically significant pathogens, such as X. fastidiosa. We developed and evaluated thermal treatments using microwave irradiation and microwave absorbers [sterile deionized water (dH2O) and carbon nanotubes (CNTs)] as novel disinfectant methods for remediating X. fastidiosa in pecan scions. Partial submergence of scions in dH2O or CNT dispersions resulted in the transport of microwave absorbers in the xylem tissue via transpiration but did not compromise plant health. The microwave absorbers effectively transferred heat to the scion wood to reach an average temperature range of 55–65°C. Microwave radiation exposure for 6 sec (3 sec for two iterations) of CNT- or dH2O-treated scions reduced the frequency of X. fastidiosa-positive in pecan scions without negatively affecting plant viability when compared to the control group (dH2O-treated with no microwave). The efficacy of the new thermal treatments based on microwave irradiation was comparable to the conventional hot-water treatment (HWT) method, in which scions were submerged in 46°C water for 30 min. Microwave irradiation can be employed to treat X. fastidiosa-infected scions where the conventional HWT treatment is not feasible. This study is the first report to demonstrate novel thermal treatment methods based on the microwave irradiation and microwave absorbers of dH2O and CNT as an application for the phytosanitation of xylem-inhabiting bacteria in graftwood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelyn Hilton
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
- USDA-ARS Pecan Breeding and Genetics, Somerville, Texas, United States of America
| | - Myunghwan Jeong
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Jui-Hung Hsu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Fan Cao
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Woongchul Choi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Xinwang Wang
- USDA-ARS Pecan Breeding and Genetics, Somerville, Texas, United States of America
| | - Choongho Yu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail: (YKJ); (CY)
| | - Young-Ki Jo
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail: (YKJ); (CY)
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18
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Wibrianto A, Khairunisa SQ, Sakti SCW, Ni'mah YL, Purwanto B, Fahmi MZ. Comparison of the effects of synthesis methods of B, N, S, and P-doped carbon dots with high photoluminescence properties on HeLa tumor cells. RSC Adv 2020; 11:1098-1108. [PMID: 35423683 PMCID: PMC8693423 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra09403j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Although heteroatom doping is widely used to promote the optical properties of carbon dots for biological applications, the synthesis process still has problems such as multi-step process, complicating the setting of instrument along with uncontrolled products. In the present study, some elements such as boron, nitrogen, sulfur, and phosphor were intentionally doped into citric acid-based carbon dots by furnace- and microwave-assisted direct and simple carbonization processes. The process produced nanoparticles with an average diameter of 5-9 nm with heteroatoms (B, N, S, and P) placed on the core and surface of carbon dots. Among the doped carbon dots prepared, boron-doped carbon dots obtained by the microwave-assisted (B-CDs2) process showed the highest photoluminescence intensity with a quantum yield (QY) of about 32.96%. All obtained carbon dots exhibit good stability (at pH 6-12 and high ionic strength concentrations up to 0.5 M), whereas cytotoxicity analysis showed that all doped carbon dots are low-toxic with an average cell viability percentage above 80% up to 500 μg mL-1. It can be observed from the CLSM image of all doped carbon dots that the doping process not only increases the QY percentage, but also might accelerate the HeLa uptake on it and produce strong carbon dot emission at the cytoplasm of the cell. Thus, the proposed synthesis process is promising for high-potency bioimaging of HeLa cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aswandi Wibrianto
- Department of Chemistry, Universitas Airlangga Surabaya 60115 Indonesia +62-31-5922427 +62-31-5922427
| | - Siti Q Khairunisa
- Institute of Tropical Disease, Universitas Airlangga Surabaya 60115 Indonesia
| | - Satya C W Sakti
- Department of Chemistry, Universitas Airlangga Surabaya 60115 Indonesia +62-31-5922427 +62-31-5922427
- Supramodification Nano-Micro Engineering Research Group, Universitas Airlangga Surabaya 60115 Indonesia
| | - Yatim L Ni'mah
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Data Analytics, Sepuluh Nopember Institute of Technology Keputih, Sukolilo Surabaya 60111 Indonesia
| | - Bambang Purwanto
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine Universitas airlangga Surabaya 601131 Indonesia
| | - Mochamad Z Fahmi
- Department of Chemistry, Universitas Airlangga Surabaya 60115 Indonesia +62-31-5922427 +62-31-5922427
- Supramodification Nano-Micro Engineering Research Group, Universitas Airlangga Surabaya 60115 Indonesia
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19
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Kukkar D, Kukkar P, Kumar V, Hong J, Kim KH, Deep A. Recent advances in nanoscale materials for antibody-based cancer theranostics. Biosens Bioelectron 2020; 173:112787. [PMID: 33190049 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2020.112787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The quest for advanced management tools or options of various cancers has been on the rise to efficiently reduce their risks of mortality without the demerits of conventional treatments (e.g., undesirable side effects of the medications on non-target tissues, non-targeted distribution, slow clearance of the administered drugs, and the development of drug resistance over the duration of therapy). In this context, nanomaterials-antibody conjugates can offer numerous advantages in the development of cancer theranostics over conventional delivery systems (e.g., highly specific and enhanced biodistribution of the drug in targeted tissues, prolonged systemic circulation, low toxicity, and minimally invasive molecular imaging). This review comprehensively discusses and evaluates recent advances in the application of nanomaterial-antibody bioconjugates for cancer theranostics for the further advancement in the control of diverse cancerous diseases. Further, discussion is expanded to cover the various challenges and limitations associated with the design and development of nanomaterial-antibody conjugates applicable towards better management of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Kukkar
- Department of Nanotechnology, Sri Guru Granth Sahib World University, Fatehgarh Sahib, Punjab, 140406, India
| | - Preeti Kukkar
- Department of Chemistry, Mata Gujri College, Fatehgarh Sahib, Punjab, 140406, India
| | - Vanish Kumar
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab, 140306, India
| | - Jongki Hong
- College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Hyun Kim
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763 Republic of Korea.
| | - Akash Deep
- Central Scientific Instruments Organization (CSIR-CSIO), Sector 30 C, Chandigarh, 160030, India.
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20
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Xie Y, Tang J, Ye F, Liu P. Microwave-Assisted Sintering to Rapidly Construct a Segregated Structure in Low-Melt-Viscosity Poly(Lactic Acid) for Electromagnetic Interference Shielding. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:26116-26124. [PMID: 33073139 PMCID: PMC7558035 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c03704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Formation of a segregated structure in conductive polymer composites is one of the most effective strategies for achieving good electrical conductivity and electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding performance. Nevertheless, for low-melt-viscosity poly(lactic acid) (PLA), intense molecular motion occurs at the molding temperature, which is detrimental to the fixation of the conductive networks. In this study, a novel molding technique assisted by microwave heating was proposed to construct a segregated structure in a PLA/carbon nanotube (CNT) composite. The coating layer of CNTs acted as the microwave absorber and caused intense localized heating of PLA surfaces upon microwave irradiation. The surface temperature of the PLA granule was precisely regulated by adjusting the coated CNT content, microwave power, and irradiation time. Thus, the coated granules were softened and fused at an optimal sintering zone, which effectively hindered the excessive migration of CNT strips into the interior of PLA phases, and a majority retained the original CNT network in the molded composite. Meanwhile, benefiting from microwave sintering, sufficient chain diffusion and entanglement occurred in the interfacial regions, enhancing the adhesion strength among the neighboring PLA phases. The prepared PLA/CNT composite with only 5.0 wt % CNTs exhibited a high electrical conductivity of 16.3 S/m and an excellent EMI shielding effectiveness (EMI SE) of 36.7 dB at a frequency of 10.0 GHz. The results indicate that microwave-assisted sintering might be a promising alternative for constructing a segregated structure in low-melt-viscosity polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeping Xie
- State Key Laboratory
of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer
Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Jiahong Tang
- State Key Laboratory
of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer
Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Fan Ye
- State Key Laboratory
of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer
Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Pengju Liu
- State Key Laboratory
of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer
Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
- Jieshou Tianhong New Mat Co Ltd., Jieshou 236500, Peoples R China
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21
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Robinson B, Caiola A, Bai X, Abdelsayed V, Shekhawat D, Hu J. Catalytic direct conversion of ethane to value-added chemicals under microwave irradiation. Catal Today 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2020.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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22
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Kang KH, Kim J, Jeon H, Byun I. Energy efficient sludge solubilization by microwave irradiation under carbon nanotube (CNT)-coated condition. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2020; 259:110089. [PMID: 31929033 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.110089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Microwaves (MW) have great potential for sludge solubilization, and carbon materials can act as good microwave absorbers and heat transfer media because of their high dielectric loss tangent and thermal conductivity. In this study, carbon nanotube-coated MW vessels were developed by preparing a silane-CNT mixture and spray coating. In addition, sludge solubilization by microwave irradiation was performed to evaluate the effects of the CNT-coating at different initial total suspended solid (TSS) concentrations, target temperatures, and MW irradiation times in the uncoated and CNT-coated MW vessels. The sludge solubilization efficiency increased with increasing MW irradiation time and temperature and followed a first-order reaction in both vessels. However, the energy requirement to maintain the temperature was reduced in the CNT-coated MW vessel compared to the uncoated vessel. In addition, the Arrhenius equation revealed the catalytic site in the CNT-coated MW vessel to have a temperature of around 130 °C at an average sludge temperature of 100 °C. The maximum chemical oxygen demand (COD) solubilization and soluble COD (sCOD) increase per MW energy used were 1.64 and 1.67 times higher in the CNT-coated MW vessel than in the uncoated vessel, respectively. The increase in soluble total nitrogen and phosphorus in the CNT-coated MW vessel was attributed to cell wall destruction and intracellular protoplast dissolution, because of the acceleration of the MW thermal effect and high conductivity of CNTs, as well as the MW-induced cell wall and membrane disruption by hot spots on the CNT surface. This suggests that CNTs can be applied to increase the energy efficiency in MW-based pretreatment methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyeong Hwan Kang
- Institute for Environment and Energy, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, South Korea.
| | - Junghyeon Kim
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, South Korea.
| | - Hyeonjin Jeon
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, South Korea.
| | - Imgyu Byun
- Institute for Environment and Energy, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, South Korea.
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23
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Guo D, Yuan H, Wang X, Zhu C, Chen Y. Urchin-like Amorphous Nitrogen-Doped Carbon Nanotubes Encapsulated with Transition-Metal-Alloy@Graphene Core@Shell Nanoparticles for Microwave Energy Attenuation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:9628-9636. [PMID: 32020801 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b20412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we report three-dimensional (3D) urchin-like amorphous nitrogen-doped CNT (NCNT) arrays with embedded cobalt-nickel@graphene core@shell nanoparticles (NPs) in the inner parts of NCNTs (CoNi@G@NCNTs) for highly efficient absorption toward microwave (MW). The CoNi NPs are covered with about seven layers of graphene shell, resulting in the formation of CoNi@G core-shell structures. In the meanwhile, the CoNi@G core-shell NPs are further encapsulated within NCNTs. Benefitting from the multiple scattering of the unique 3D structure toward MW, cooperative effect between magnetic loss and dielectric loss, and additional interfacial polarizations, the 3D urchin-like CoNi@G@NCNTs exhibit excellent MW energy attenuation ability with a broad absorption bandwidth of 5.2 GHz with a matching thickness of merely 1.7 mm, outperforming most reported absorbers. Furthermore, the chemical stability of the 3D urchin-like CoNi@G@NCNTs is improved greatly due to the presence of the graphene coating layers and outmost NCNTs, facilitating their practical applications. Our results highlight a novel strategy for fabrication of 3D nanostructures as high-performance MW-absorbing materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Guo
- Key Laboratory of In-Fiber Integrated Optics, Ministry of Education and College of Science , Harbin Engineering University , Harbin 150001 , China
| | - Haoran Yuan
- Key Laboratory of In-Fiber Integrated Optics, Ministry of Education and College of Science , Harbin Engineering University , Harbin 150001 , China
| | - Xianchao Wang
- Key Laboratory of In-Fiber Integrated Optics, Ministry of Education and College of Science , Harbin Engineering University , Harbin 150001 , China
| | - Chunling Zhu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Harbin Engineering University , Harbin 150001 , China
| | - Yujin Chen
- Key Laboratory of In-Fiber Integrated Optics, Ministry of Education and College of Science , Harbin Engineering University , Harbin 150001 , China
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24
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Herren B, Charara M, Saha MC, Altan MC, Liu Y. Rapid Microwave Polymerization of Porous Nanocomposites with Piezoresistive Sensing Function. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10020233. [PMID: 32013133 PMCID: PMC7075205 DOI: 10.3390/nano10020233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Revised: 01/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) nanocomposites with piezoresistive sensing function were fabricated using microwave irradiation. The effects of precuring time on the mechanical and electrical properties of nanocomposites were investigated. The increased viscosity and possible nanofiller re-agglomeration during the precuring process caused decreased microwave absorption, resulting in extended curing times, and decreased porosity and electrical conductivity in the cured nanocomposites. The porosity generated during the microwave-curing process was investigated with a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and density measurements. Increased loadings of MWCNTs resulted in shortened curing times and an increased number of small well-dispersed closed-cell pores. The mechanical properties of the synthesized nanocomposites including stress–strain behaviors and Young’s Modulus were examined. Experimental results demonstrated that the synthesized nanocomposites with 2.5 wt. % MWCNTs achieved the highest piezoresistive sensitivity with an average gauge factor of 7.9 at 10% applied strain. The piezoresistive responses of these nanocomposites were characterized under compressive loads at various maximum strains, loading rates, and under viscoelastic stress relaxation conditions. The 2.5 wt. % nanocomposite was successfully used in an application as a skin-attachable compression sensor for human motion detection including squeezing a golf ball.
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Kravchenko OG, Solouki Bonab V, Manas‐Zloczower I. Spray‐Assisted Microwave Welding of Thermoplastics Using Carbon Nanostructures with Enabled Health Monitoring. POLYM ENG SCI 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.25227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Oleksandr G. Kravchenko
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Old Dominion University, Kaufman Hall Norfolk Virginia 23508
| | - Vahab Solouki Bonab
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering Case Western Reserve University, 314 Kent Hill Smith Building Cleveland Ohio 44106‐7202
| | - Ica Manas‐Zloczower
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering Case Western Reserve University, 314 Kent Hill Smith Building Cleveland Ohio 44106‐7202
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26
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de Sousa DP, Yu JH, Miller CJ, Chang Y, McKenzie CJ, Waite TD. Redox- and EPR-Active Graphene Diiron Complex Nanocomposite. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:12339-12349. [PMID: 31470693 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b01526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A mixed valence diiron(II/III) complex with the ligand 2,6-bis{bis[(2-pyridinylmethyl)amino]methyl}phenol (bppH) has been covalently anchored onto graphene using a mild in situ microwave-assisted diazonium coupling through an aryl amino precursor and isoamyl nitrite. A dinuclear iron complex is then formed by complexation of the grafted bppH-graphene material with iron(II) in the presence of dioxygen. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), atomic force microscopy, cyclic voltammetry, scanning transmission electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy confirm the formation of the anchored ligand and derivative diiron complexes. Semiquantitative XPS analysis shows an average bppH ligand bulk loading of 0.33 mmol/g, corresponding to a significant 20.7 wt % of the functionalized material consisting of grafted moieties. EPR measurements reveal the existence of a strong isotropic S = 1/2 spin center associated with the graphene lattice, together with a much weaker S = 5/2 signal, associated with the iron(III) center of the grafted complex. The grafted complex is redox-active with surface-confined FeIIFeII → FeIIFeIII (+0.56 V vs NHE), FeIIFeIII → FeIIIFeIII (+0.73 V), and FeIIIFeIII → FeIIIFeIV (+0.95 V) redox processes accessible, with an estimated surface coverage of 58 pmol cm-2 established from the electrochemical measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- David P de Sousa
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy , University of Southern Denmark , Campusvej 55 , 5230 Odense M , Denmark
| | - Jeffrey Huijie Yu
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering , University of New South Wales , Sydney , NSW 2052 , Australia
| | - Christopher J Miller
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering , University of New South Wales , Sydney , NSW 2052 , Australia
| | - Yingyue Chang
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering , University of New South Wales , Sydney , NSW 2052 , Australia
| | - Christine J McKenzie
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy , University of Southern Denmark , Campusvej 55 , 5230 Odense M , Denmark
| | - T David Waite
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering , University of New South Wales , Sydney , NSW 2052 , Australia
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Zoughi R, Arias-Monje PJ, Gallion J, Sarkar S, Wang PH, Gulgunje P, Verghese N, Kumar S. Microwave dielectric properties and Targeted heating of polypropylene nano-composites containing carbon nanotubes and carbon black. POLYMER 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2019.121658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Arcudi F, Đorđević L, Prato M. Design, Synthesis, and Functionalization Strategies of Tailored Carbon Nanodots. Acc Chem Res 2019; 52:2070-2079. [PMID: 31335113 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.9b00249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Over the past decades, considerable efforts have been devoted to synthesizing nanostructured materials with specific properties that ultimately shape their function. In the carbon nanotechnology era, for nanomaterials such as fullerenes, carbon nanotubes, and graphene, the main focus has been on the organic functionalization of these nanostructures, in order to tailor their processability and applicability. Carbon-based dots, quasi-spherical nanoparticles with a shape under 10 nm, have popped up into this context especially due to their versatile synthesis and intriguing properties, mainly their fluorescence emission. Even though they were discovered through the top-down route of cutting large carbon nanostructures, in recent years the ease and flexibility of the bottom-up synthesis have allowed this carbon-based class of nanomaterials to advance at a striking pace. However, the fast speed of research and publication rate have caused a few issues that affect their classification, purity criteria, and fluorescence mechanisms. As these are being progressively addressed, the true potential and applicability of this nanomaterial has started to unravel. In this Ariticle, we describe our efforts toward the synthesis, purification, characterization, and applications of carbon nanodots. Special attention was dedicated to designing and customizing the optoelectronic properties of these nanomaterials, as well as their applications in hybrid and composite systems. Our approach is centered on a bottom-up, microwave-assisted hydrothermal synthesis. We have successfully exploited a multicomponent synthetic approach, using arginine and ethylenediamine as starting materials. By controlling the reaction conditions, in just 3 min, blue-emitting carbon nanodots become accessible. We have improved this approach by designing and tuning the emissive, electrochemical, and chiroptical properties of these nanoforms. On the other hand, we have used postfunctionalization reactions as a tool for conjugation with suitable partners and for further tuning the surface chemistry. The combination of these two approaches has produced a number of carbon nanodots that can be investigated in fields ranging from biology to materials chemistry and in applications spanning from nanomedicine to energy conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Arcudi
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, INSTM UdR Trieste, Via Licio Giorgieri 1, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Luka Đorđević
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, INSTM UdR Trieste, Via Licio Giorgieri 1, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Maurizio Prato
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, INSTM UdR Trieste, Via Licio Giorgieri 1, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy
- Carbon Bionanotechnology Laboratory, CIC biomaGUNE, Paseo de Miramón 182, 20014 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- Basque Foundation for Science, Ikerbasque, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
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Enhanced Electrical Conductivity of Carbon Nanotube-Based Elastomer Nanocomposites Prepared by Microwave Curing. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:polym11071212. [PMID: 31331080 PMCID: PMC6680581 DOI: 10.3390/polym11071212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanocomposites consisting of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and well-dispersed carbon nanotubes (CNT) can be cured by microwave radiation within a minute, forming a conductive network within the cured materials. Microwave irradiation delivers energy directly to the inner core of the nanocomposites by heating CNTs and initiating rapid polymerization of the elastomer. In this paper, nanocomposites were fabricated with CNT loadings between 0.5 wt.%–2.5 wt.% via microwave irradiation. Key properties of the nanocomposites including electrical conductivity, microstructures, CNT distribution, density, and surface effects were all characterized. The properties of microwave-cured nanocomposites were compared with those manufactured by the thermal method using a conventional oven. The microwave-curing method substantially increased the electrical conductivity of the nanocomposites due to the improved nanoparticle dispersion and likely CNT alignment. Optimal microwave-curing parameters were identified to further improve the conductivity of the nanocomposites with lowest CNT loading. A conductivity enhancement of 142.8% over thermally cured nanocomposites was achieved for nanocomposites with 1 wt.% CNTs cured via one-step microwave irradiation.
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He Y, Al-Abed SR, Potter PM, Dionysiou DD. Rapid and versatile pre-treatment for quantification of multi-walled carbon nanotubes in the environment using microwave-induced heating. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:13999-14012. [PMID: 30737716 PMCID: PMC7362341 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-04229-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The concerns regarding potential environmental release and ecological risks of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) rise with their increased production and use. As a result, there is the need for an analytical method to determine the environmental concentration of MWCNTs. Although several methods have been demonstrated for the quantification of well-characterized MWCNTs, applying these methods to field samples is still a challenge due to interferences from unknown characteristics of MWCNTs and environmental media. To bridge this gap, a recently developed microwave-induced heating method was investigated for the quantification of MWCNTs in field samples. Our results indicated that the microwave response of MWCNTs was independent of the sources, length, and diameter of MWCNTs; however, the aggregated MWCNTs were not able to convert the microwave energy to heat, making the method inapplicable. Thus, a pre-treatment process for dispersing bundled MWCNTs in field samples was crucial for the use of the microwave method. In the present paper, a two-step pre-treatment procedure was proposed: the aggregated MWCNTs loaded environmental samples were first exposed to high temperature (500 °C) and then dispersed by using an acetone-surfactant solution. A validation study was performed to evaluate the effectiveness of the pre-treatment process, showing that an 80-120% recovery range of true MWCNT loading successfully covered the microwave-measured MWCNT mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang He
- Environmental Engineering and Science Program, Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Cincinnati, 2600 Clifton Ave., Cincinnati, OH, 45221, USA
| | - Souhail R Al-Abed
- National Risk Management Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 26 W. Martin Luther King Dr., Cincinnati, OH, 45268, USA.
| | - Phillip M Potter
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE), National Risk Management Research Laboratory, USEPA, Cincinnati, OH, 45268, USA
| | - Dionysios D Dionysiou
- Environmental Engineering and Science Program, Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Cincinnati, 2600 Clifton Ave., Cincinnati, OH, 45221, USA
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32
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Ren H, Cunha E, Sun Q, Li Z, Kinloch IA, Young RJ, Fan Z. Surface functionality analysis by Boehm titration of graphene nanoplatelets functionalized via a solvent-free cycloaddition reaction. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2019; 1:1432-1441. [PMID: 36132604 PMCID: PMC9417147 DOI: 10.1039/c8na00280k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
In this work, the functionalization of graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) performed by a solvent-free cycloaddition reaction on GNPs with iminodiacetic acid (IDA) and paraformaldehyde (PFA), and the functionality analysis of the resulting functionalized GNPs (f-GNPs) by Boehm titration are introduced. The f-GNPs synthesized at different temperatures were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) for structural and morphological properties. Back titration of the f-GNPs selectively identified 3 types of functional groups on the f-GNP surface, carboxylic, lactonic and phenolic, and suggested that 200 °C gives the highest carboxylic group functionality. With the reaction temperature increasing from 180 to 220 °C, a decrease in the phenolic functionality and an increase in that of lactonic are observed. In the case of 250 °C reactions, it was found that the carboxylic functionality is greatly reduced, while the phenolic functionality showed a significant increase. The f-GNP samples were further characterized by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), the results of which showed a good agreement with the titration analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Ren
- Beijing Institute of Aeronautical Materials (BIAM) Beijing China
| | - Eunice Cunha
- National Graphene Institute, School of Materials, University of Manchester Manchester M13 9PL UK
| | - Quanji Sun
- Beijing Institute of Aeronautical Materials (BIAM) Beijing China
| | - Zheling Li
- National Graphene Institute, School of Materials, University of Manchester Manchester M13 9PL UK
| | - Ian A Kinloch
- National Graphene Institute, School of Materials, University of Manchester Manchester M13 9PL UK
| | - Robert J Young
- National Graphene Institute, School of Materials, University of Manchester Manchester M13 9PL UK
| | - Zhaodong Fan
- Beijing Institute of Aeronautical Materials (BIAM) Beijing China
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Gao J, Li H, Torab P, Mach KE, Craft DW, Thomas NJ, Puleo CM, Liao JC, Wang TH, Wong PK. Nanotube assisted microwave electroporation for single cell pathogen identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2019; 17:246-253. [PMID: 30794964 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2019.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2018] [Revised: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
A nanotube assisted microwave electroporation (NAME) technique is demonstrated for delivering molecular biosensors into viable bacteria for multiplex single cell pathogen identification to advance rapid diagnostics in clinical microbiology. Due to the small volume of a bacterial cell (~femtoliter), the intracellular concentration of the target molecule is high, which results in a strong signal for single cell detection without amplification. The NAME procedure can be completed in as little as 30 minutes and can achieve over 90% transformation efficiency. We demonstrate the feasibility of NAME for identifying clinical isolates of bloodborne and uropathogenic pathogens and detecting bacterial pathogens directly from patient's samples. In conjunction with a microfluidic single cell trapping technique, NAME allows single cell pathogen identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing concurrently. Using this approach, the time for microbiological analysis reduces from days to hours, which will have a significant impact on the clinical management of bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Gao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Peter Torab
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Kathleen E Mach
- Department of Urology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - David W Craft
- Departmemt of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Neal J Thomas
- Departments of Pediatrics and Public Health Sciences, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | | | - Joseph C Liao
- Department of Urology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Tza-Huei Wang
- Departments of Mechanical Engineering and Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Pak Kin Wong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA; Department of Mechanical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA; Department of Surgery, Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA.
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Huang Y, Yuan X, Chen M, Song WL, Chen J, Fan Q, Tang L, Fang D. Ultrathin Flexible Carbon Fiber Reinforced Hierarchical Metastructure for Broadband Microwave Absorption with Nano Lossy Composite and Multiscale Optimization. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:44731-44740. [PMID: 30462493 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b16938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The implementation of thin structure for broadband microwave absorption is challenging due to the requirement of impedance match across several frequency bands and poor mechanical properties. Herein, we demonstrate a carbon fiber (CF) reinforced flexible thin hierarchical metastructure (HM) composed of lossy materials including carbonyl iron (CI), multiwall carbon nanotube (MWCNT), and silicone rubber (SR) with thickness of 5 mm and optimal concentration selected from 12 formulas. Optimization for the periodical unit size is applied, and impacts of structural sizes on absorption performance are also investigated. An effective process combining the vacuum bag method and the hand lay-up technique is used to fabricate the HM. Experimental reflectivity of the absorber achieves broadband absorption below -10 dB in 2-4 GHz and 8-40 GHz. The full band in 2-40 GHz is covered below -8 dB. Yielding stress of the HM is increased to 24 MPa with attachment of CF, while the fracture strain of the composite reaches 550%. The soft HM is suitable to adhere to the curved surface of objects needed to be protected from microwave radiation detection and electromagnetic interference. Enhanced mechanical properties make it possible for further practical applications under harsh service environments such as the ocean and machines with constant vibration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixing Huang
- School of Civil Engineering and Transportation , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510641 , P. R. China
| | - Xujin Yuan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lightweight Multi-functional Composite Materials and Structures , Beijing Institute of Technology , Beijing 100081 , P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology , Beijing Institute of Technology , Beijing 100081 , P. R. China
| | - Mingji Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lightweight Multi-functional Composite Materials and Structures , Beijing Institute of Technology , Beijing 100081 , P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology , Beijing Institute of Technology , Beijing 100081 , P. R. China
| | - Wei-Li Song
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lightweight Multi-functional Composite Materials and Structures , Beijing Institute of Technology , Beijing 100081 , P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology , Beijing Institute of Technology , Beijing 100081 , P. R. China
| | - Jin Chen
- Institute of Advanced Structure Technology , Beijing Institute of Technology , Beijing 100081 , P. R. China
| | - Qunfu Fan
- Institute of Advanced Structure Technology , Beijing Institute of Technology , Beijing 100081 , P. R. China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Beijing Institute of Technology , Beijing 100081 , P. R. China
| | - Liqun Tang
- School of Civil Engineering and Transportation , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510641 , P. R. China
| | - Daining Fang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lightweight Multi-functional Composite Materials and Structures , Beijing Institute of Technology , Beijing 100081 , P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology , Beijing Institute of Technology , Beijing 100081 , P. R. China
- Institute of Advanced Structure Technology , Beijing Institute of Technology , Beijing 100081 , P. R. China
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35
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Ahmad AF, Ab Aziz S, Abbas Z, Obaiys SJ, Khamis AM, Hussain IR, Zaid MHM. Preparation of a Chemically Reduced Graphene Oxide Reinforced Epoxy Resin Polymer as a Composite for Electromagnetic Interference Shielding and Microwave-Absorbing Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:polym10111180. [PMID: 30961105 PMCID: PMC6290599 DOI: 10.3390/polym10111180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The preparation of chemically reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and the optimization of epoxy resins’ properties using micro or nanofillers are now common practices. rGO nanoparticles (60 nm) based on an epoxy resin polymer were prepared at the concentrations of 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5% weight percentage with fixed 6-mm thicknesses. The dielectric properties of the composites were measured by the reflection/transmission technique in connection with a vector network analyser (VNA) at a frequency range of 8–12 GHz. The microwave absorption and shielding effectiveness properties were calculated by using the reflection S11 and transmission S21 results. The microstructure and morphology of the polymer and the rGO/cured epoxy composites were studied by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, and the X-ray Diffraction (X-RD) technique for characterizing crystalline materials. The dielectric and other properties of the rGO/cured epoxy composites were investigated based on the filler load and frequency. It was found that the applied frequency and the filler concentrations affected the dielectric properties of the rGO/cured epoxy composites. The results showed that the introduction of rGO particles to the composites increased their dielectric properties smoothly. The study of the dependence on frequency of both the dielectric constant ε′ and the dielectric loss ε″ showed a decrease in both quantities with increasing frequency, indicating a normal behaviour of the dielectrics. Cole–Cole plots were drawn with ε′ and ε″. A theoretical simulation in terms of the Cole–Cole dispersion law indicates that the Debye relaxation processes in the rGO/cured epoxy composites are improved due to the presence of the rGO filler. Moreover, with the addition of rGO as a filler into the Epoxy matrix, it now exhibits promise as a lightweight material for microwave absorption as well as an effective electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Fahad Ahmad
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia.
| | - Sidek Ab Aziz
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia.
| | - Zulkifly Abbas
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia.
| | - Suzan Jabbar Obaiys
- School of Mathematical & Computer Sciences, Heriot-Watt University Malaysia, Putrajaya 62200, Malaysia.
| | - Ahmad Mamoun Khamis
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia.
| | - Intesar Razaq Hussain
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia.
| | - Mohd Hafiz Mohd Zaid
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia.
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On-Chip Curing by Microwave for Long Term Usage of Electronic Devices in Harsh Environments. Sci Rep 2018; 8:14953. [PMID: 30297916 PMCID: PMC6175829 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-33309-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Microwave-induced thermal curing is demonstrated to improve the reliability and to prolong the lifetime of chips containing nanoscale electron devices. A film containing graphite powder with high microwave absorbing efficiency was fabricated at low cost. The film is flexible, bendable, foldable, and attachable to a chip. A commercial off-the-shelf chip and a representative 3-dimensional (3D) metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET), known as FinFET, were utilized to verify the curing behaviors of the microwave-induced heat treatment. The heat effectively cured not only total ionizing dose (TID) damage from the external environment, but also internal electrical stress such as hot-carrier injection (HCI), which are representative sources of damages in MOSFET insulators. Then, the characteristics of the pre- and post-curing electron devices are investigated using electrical measurements and numerical simulations.
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Sweeney CB, Moran AG, Gruener JT, Strasser AM, Pospisil MJ, Saed MA, Green MJ. Radio Frequency Heating of Carbon Nanotube Composite Materials. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:27252-27259. [PMID: 30039965 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b06268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Here, we give the first-ever report of radio frequency (RF) electromagnetic heating of polymer nanocomposite materials via direct-contact and capacitively coupled electric field applicators. Notably, RF heating allows nanocomposite materials to be resistively heated with electric fields. We highlight our novel RF heating technique for multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) thermoplastic composites and measure their broadband dielectric properties. We also demonstrate three different electric field applicator configurations and discuss their practical use in an industrial setting. We demonstrate the use of RF heating to cure an automotive-grade epoxy loaded with MWCNTs. Our results show that lap shear joints cured faster with the RF method compared with control samples cured in an oven because of the heat-transfer advantages of directly heating the epoxy composite. Finally, we implement our RF curing technique to assemble an automotive structure by locally curing an epoxy adhesive applied to a truck chassis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Mohammad A Saed
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering , Texas Tech University , Lubbock , Texas 79409 , United States
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Beckler B, Cowan A, Farrar N, Murawski A, Robinson A, Diamanduros A, Scarpinato K, Sittaramane V, Quirino RL. Microwave Heating of Antibody-functionalized Carbon Nanotubes as a Feasible Cancer Treatment. Biomed Phys Eng Express 2018. [DOI: 10.1088/2057-1976/aac9fe] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Abdolmaleki A, Mallakpour S, Azimi F. Microwave and ultrasound-assisted synthesis of poly(vinyl chloride)/riboflavin modified MWCNTs: Examination of thermal, mechanical and morphology properties. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2018; 41:27-36. [PMID: 29137752 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2017.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Revised: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/10/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This study focused on the preparation and investigation of physicochemical features of new poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) nanocomposites (NCs) including different amounts of carboxylated multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs-COOH) functionalized with riboflavin (RIB). Firstly, to increase the hydrophilicity of MWCNTs, the surface of them was functionalized by incorporating and formation of ester groups with RIB as a low cost and environmentally friendly biomolecule through ultrasound and microwave irradiations. Afterwards, PVC/RIB-MWCNTs NCs were fabricated via the solution casting and ultrasonic dispersion methods. Prepared NCs were examined by X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, field emission scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron micrograph, and Raman spectroscopy. The PVC/RIB-MWCNTs NCs (12wt%) showed the higher mechanical and thermal behavior as compared to other concentration of MWCNTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Abdolmaleki
- Organic Polymer Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Islamic Republic of Iran; Research Institute for Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Islamic Republic of Iran; College of Pardis, Chemistry Section, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Islamic Republic of Iran.
| | - Shadpour Mallakpour
- Organic Polymer Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Islamic Republic of Iran; Research Institute for Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Islamic Republic of Iran; College of Pardis, Chemistry Section, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Islamic Republic of Iran.
| | - Faezeh Azimi
- College of Pardis, Chemistry Section, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Islamic Republic of Iran
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40
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Sulleiro MV, Quiroga S, Peña D, Pérez D, Guitián E, Criado A, Prato M. Microwave-induced covalent functionalization of few-layer graphene with arynes under solvent-free conditions. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:2086-2089. [PMID: 29334096 DOI: 10.1039/c7cc08676h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A non-conventional modification of exfoliated few-layer graphene (FLG) with different arynes under microwave (MW) irradiation and solvent-free conditions is reported. The described approach allows reaching fast, efficient and mild covalent functionalization of FLG.
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Affiliation(s)
- M V Sulleiro
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, Piazzale Europa, 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy.
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Cunha E, Ren H, Lin F, Kinloch IA, Sun Q, Fan Z, Young RJ. The chemical functionalization of graphene nanoplatelets through solvent-free reaction. RSC Adv 2018; 8:33564-33573. [PMID: 35548120 PMCID: PMC9086447 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra04817g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) were functionalized through 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of azomethine ylide using a solvent-free approach and under different reaction conditions. The yield and the functionality of the carboxyl-terminated pyrrolidine ring attached on the surface of GNPs could be affected by varying the reaction temperature as well as the reactant to GNP weight ratio. The functionalized GNPs were characterized extensively using a range of spectroscopic and microscopy techniques. Carboxyl-terminated pyrrolidine functionalized graphene nanoplatelets through a solvent-free reaction.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunice Cunha
- National Graphene Institute and School of Materials
- University of Manchester
- Manchester M13 9PL
- UK
| | - He Ren
- Beijing Institute of Aeronautical Materials (BIAM)
- Beijing
- China
| | - Fei Lin
- National Graphene Institute and School of Materials
- University of Manchester
- Manchester M13 9PL
- UK
| | - Ian A. Kinloch
- National Graphene Institute and School of Materials
- University of Manchester
- Manchester M13 9PL
- UK
| | - Quanji Sun
- Beijing Institute of Aeronautical Materials (BIAM)
- Beijing
- China
| | - Zhaodong Fan
- Beijing Institute of Aeronautical Materials (BIAM)
- Beijing
- China
| | - Robert J. Young
- National Graphene Institute and School of Materials
- University of Manchester
- Manchester M13 9PL
- UK
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42
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Park J, Youn JR, Song YS. Carbon Nanotube Embedded Nanostructure for Biometrics. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:44724-44731. [PMID: 29190074 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b15567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Low electric energy loss is a very important problem to minimize the decay of transferred energy intensity due to impedance mismatch. This issue has been dealt with by adding an impedance matching layer at the interface between two media. A strategy was proposed to improve the charge transfer from the human body to a biometric device by using an impedance matching nanostructure. Nanocomposite pattern arrays were fabricated with shape memory polymer and carbon nanotubes. The shape recovery ability of the nanopatterns enhanced durability and sustainability of the structure. It was found that the composite nanopatterns improved the current transfer by two times compared with the nonpatterned composite sample. The underlying mechanism of the enhanced charge transport was understood by carrying out a numerical simulation. We anticipate that this study can provide a new pathway for developing advanced biometric devices with high sensitivity to biological information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juhyuk Park
- Research Institute of Advanced Materials (RIAM), Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University , Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Ryoun Youn
- Research Institute of Advanced Materials (RIAM), Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University , Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Seok Song
- Department of Fiber System Engineering, Dankook University , Gyeonggi Do 16890, Republic of Korea
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43
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Zhou Q, Wu S, Gong N, Li X, Dou J, Mu M, Yu X, Yu J, Liang P. Liposomes loading sodium chloride as effective thermo-seeds for microwave ablation of hepatocellular carcinoma. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:11068-11076. [PMID: 28741635 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr02955a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Microwave ablation (MWA) is a promising minimally invasive therapy that has been widely used to treat hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the efficiency of MWA in treating HCC is evidently limited by the incomplete ablation of large tumors and tumors in high-risk locations. Here, we report the value of using liposomes packed with sodium chloride (NaCl-LPs) as effective thermo-seeds for MWA of HCC. The prepared liposomes exhibited excellent heat conversion ability by showing a more rapid temperature increase than free NaCl medium, blank liposomes or water under microwave irradiation. The high efficiency of this new microwave sensitization strategy was fully demonstrated in vitro in subcutaneous and orthotopic tumors. The results showed that MWA combined with NaCl-LPs clearly enhanced the ablation efficiency, leading to apparent tumor inhibition and low recurrence. What's more, we verified the susceptibility of NaCl-LPs on orthotopic tumors. Based on the unique properties of NaCl-LPs, sublethal MWA was used to mimic the transitional zone, and large-scale necrosis was observed in tumors combined with NaCl-LPs. In addition, HE staining and blood hematology analysis revealed no noticeable toxicity of NaCl-LPs in vivo, which confirmed that NaCl-LPs possessed good biocompatibility. CONCLUSION The effective nanoparticles could play a valuable role in enhancing the thermo-sensitizing effect of MWA for achieving better therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qunfang Zhou
- Department of Interventional Ultrasound, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing 100853, China.
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44
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Sweeney CB, Lackey BA, Pospisil MJ, Achee TC, Hicks VK, Moran AG, Teipel BR, Saed MA, Green MJ. Welding of 3D-printed carbon nanotube-polymer composites by locally induced microwave heating. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2017; 3:e1700262. [PMID: 28630927 PMCID: PMC5470831 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1700262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Additive manufacturing through material extrusion, often termed three-dimensional (3D) printing, is a burgeoning method for manufacturing thermoplastic components. However, a key obstacle facing 3D-printed plastic parts in engineering applications is the weak weld between successive filament traces, which often leads to delamination and mechanical failure. This is the chief obstacle to the use of thermoplastic additive manufacturing. We report a novel concept for welding 3D-printed thermoplastic interfaces using intense localized heating of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) by microwave irradiation. The microwave heating of the CNT-polymer composites is a function of CNT percolation, as shown through in situ infrared imaging and simulation. We apply CNT-loaded coatings to a 3D printer filament; after printing, microwave irradiation is shown to improve the weld fracture strength by 275%. These remarkable results open up entirely new design spaces for additive manufacturing and also yield new insight into the coupling between dielectric properties and radio frequency field response for nanomaterial networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles B. Sweeney
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Blake A. Lackey
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Martin J. Pospisil
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Thomas C. Achee
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Victoria K. Hicks
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Aaron G. Moran
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | | | - Mohammad A. Saed
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
| | - Micah J. Green
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
- Corresponding author.
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45
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Harsini I, Peyvandi A, Soroushian P, Balachandra AM. Nano-engineered joining employing surface modified graphite nanomaterials. J IND ENG CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2016.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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46
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Simulation and measurement of optimized microwave reflectivity for carbon nanotube absorber by controlling electromagnetic factors. Sci Rep 2017; 7:479. [PMID: 28352103 PMCID: PMC5428216 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-00372-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat-treatments may change the defect and surface organic groups of carbon nanotubes (CNTs), and lead to significant changes in the microwave electromagnetic parameter of CNTs. In this paper, the effect of heat-treatment time and temperature on the complex dielectric constant and permeability as well as the microwave reflectivity of CNTs was investigated. The experimental results indicated that the microwave absorption property of CNTs arises mainly from the high permittivity and consequent dielectric loss. Moreover, the heat-treatment resulted in increased dielectric constant of CNTs and significant improvement of the microwave absorption at frequency values of 2-18 GHz. The microwave reflectivity of CNT composites with a coating thickness of 3 mm was simulated by using the electromagnetic parameters. The absorption peak of CNTs treated at 700 °C had an amplitude of R = -48 dB, which occurred at 9 GHz. Below -10 dB, the composites treated at 900 °C had a bandwidth of 7 GHz. The position of the absorption peak concurred with the measured results. The results indicated that the microwave-absorption properties can be modified by adjusting heat-treatment temperature and time.
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47
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He Y, Al-Abed SR, Dionysiou DD. Quantification of carbon nanotubes in different environmental matrices by a microwave induced heating method. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 580:509-517. [PMID: 28040213 PMCID: PMC6146922 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.11.205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Revised: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been incorporated into numerous consumer products, and have also been employed in various industrial areas because of their extraordinary properties. The large scale production and wide applications of CNTs make their release into the environment a major concern. Therefore, it is crucial to determine the degree of potential CNT contamination in the environment, which requires a sensitive and accurate technique for selectively detecting and quantifying CNTs in environmental matrices. In this study, a simple device based on utilizing heat generated/temperature increase from CNTs under microwave irradiation was built to quantify single-walled CNTs (SWCNTs), multi-walled CNTs (MWCNTs) and carboxylated CNTs (MWCNT-COOH) in three environmentally relevant matrices (sand, soil and sludge). Linear temperature vs CNT mass relationships were developed for the three environmental matrices spiked with known amounts of different types of CNTs that were then irradiated in a microwave at low energies (70-149W) for a short time (15-30s). MWCNTs had a greater microwave response in terms of heat generated/temperature increase than SWCNTs and MWCNT-COOH. An evaluation of microwave behavior of different carbonaceous materials showed that the microwave measurements of CNTs were not affected even with an excess of other organic, inorganic carbon or carbon based nanomaterials (fullerene, granular activated carbon and graphene oxide), mainly because microwave selectively heats materials such as CNTs that have a higher dielectric loss factor. Quantification limits using this technique for the sand, soil and sludge were determined as low as 18.61, 27.92, 814.4μg/g for MWCNTs at a microwave power of 133W and exposure time of 15s.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang He
- Environmental Engineering and Science program, Department of Biomedical, Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Cincinnati, 2600 Clifton Ave., Cincinnati, OH 45221, United States
| | - Souhail R Al-Abed
- National Risk Management Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 26 W. Martin Luther King Dr., Cincinnati, OH 45268, United States.
| | - Dionysios D Dionysiou
- Environmental Engineering and Science program, Department of Biomedical, Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Cincinnati, 2600 Clifton Ave., Cincinnati, OH 45221, United States
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48
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Kim HY, Lee JW, Oh HM, Baeg KJ, Jung S, Yang HS, Lee W, Hwang JY, Kim KS, Jeong SY, Han JT, Jeong MS, Lee GW, Jeong HJ. Ultrafast Heating for Intrinsic Properties of Atomically Thin Two-Dimensional Materials on Plastic Substrates. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:31222-31230. [PMID: 27778509 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b09677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Despite recent progress in producing flexible and stretchable electronics based on two-dimensional (2D) nanosheets, their intrinsic properties are often degraded by the presence of polymeric residues that remain attached to the 2D nanosheet surfaces following fabrication. Further breakthroughs are therefore keenly awaited to obtain clean surfaces compatible with flexible applications. Here, we report a method that allows the 2D nanosheets to be intrinsically integrated onto flexible substrates. The method involves thermal decomposition of polymeric residues by microwave-induced ultrafast heating of the surface without affecting the underlying flexible substrate. Mapping the C═O stretching mode by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy in combination with atomic force microscopy confirms elimination of the polymeric residues from the 2D nanosheet surface. Flexible devices prepared using microwave-cleaned 2D nanosheets show enhanced electrical, optical, and electrothermal performances. This simple technique is applicable to a wide range of 2D nanomaterials and represents an important advance in the field of flexible devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho Young Kim
- Nano Carbon Materials Research Group, Korea Electrotechnology Research Institute , Changwon 641-120, Korea
- Center for Integrated Nanostructure Physics (CINAP), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Sungkyunkwan University , Suwon 440-746, Korea
| | - Jae-Won Lee
- Nano Carbon Materials Research Group, Korea Electrotechnology Research Institute , Changwon 641-120, Korea
- Department of Physics, Pusan National University , Busan 609-735, Korea
| | - Hye Min Oh
- Center for Integrated Nanostructure Physics (CINAP), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Sungkyunkwan University , Suwon 440-746, Korea
| | - Kang-Jun Baeg
- Nano Carbon Materials Research Group, Korea Electrotechnology Research Institute , Changwon 641-120, Korea
| | - Sunshin Jung
- Nano Carbon Materials Research Group, Korea Electrotechnology Research Institute , Changwon 641-120, Korea
| | - Ho-Soon Yang
- Department of Physics, Pusan National University , Busan 609-735, Korea
| | - Wonki Lee
- Institute of Advanced Composite Materials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology , Jeonbuk 565-905, Korea
| | - Jun Yeon Hwang
- Institute of Advanced Composite Materials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology , Jeonbuk 565-905, Korea
| | - Keun Soo Kim
- Department of Physics and Graphene Research Institute, Sejong University , Seoul 05006, Korea
| | - Seung Yol Jeong
- Nano Carbon Materials Research Group, Korea Electrotechnology Research Institute , Changwon 641-120, Korea
| | - Joong Tark Han
- Nano Carbon Materials Research Group, Korea Electrotechnology Research Institute , Changwon 641-120, Korea
| | - Mun Seok Jeong
- Center for Integrated Nanostructure Physics (CINAP), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Sungkyunkwan University , Suwon 440-746, Korea
| | - Geon-Woong Lee
- Nano Carbon Materials Research Group, Korea Electrotechnology Research Institute , Changwon 641-120, Korea
| | - Hee Jin Jeong
- Nano Carbon Materials Research Group, Korea Electrotechnology Research Institute , Changwon 641-120, Korea
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49
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Dinesh B, Bianco A, Ménard-Moyon C. Designing multimodal carbon nanotubes by covalent multi-functionalization. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:18596-18611. [PMID: 27805213 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr06728j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are a unique tool in nanotechnology owing to their exceptional properties that offer a variety of opportunities for applications in different fields. Nevertheless, their low dispersibility in organic solvents and in aqueous media hampers their development. The functionalization of their surface allows overcoming this issue, while exploiting and tuning their properties. Thanks to their high specific surface area, multi-functionalization strategies give the possibility to conjugate several copies of different molecules to endow the nanotubes with multiple functionalities. In this context, this review wishes to focus on the preparation of multimodal CNTs designed by covalent multi-functionalization. More specifically, we describe the different approaches that have been developed to prepare multi-functionalized CNTs through double and triple covalent functionalization of the nanotube framework. We also emphasize the strategies used to control the derivatization of multi-functionalized CNTs with molecules of interest mainly via sequential or simultaneous methodologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhimareddy Dinesh
- University of Strasbourg, CNRS, Immunopathology and therapeutic chemistry, UPR 3572 67000 Strasbourg, France.
| | - Alberto Bianco
- University of Strasbourg, CNRS, Immunopathology and therapeutic chemistry, UPR 3572 67000 Strasbourg, France.
| | - Cécilia Ménard-Moyon
- University of Strasbourg, CNRS, Immunopathology and therapeutic chemistry, UPR 3572 67000 Strasbourg, France.
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50
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Xu J, Chen Y, Deng L, Liu J, Cao Y, Li P, Ran H, Zheng Y, Wang Z. Microwave-activated nanodroplet vaporization for highly efficient tumor ablation with real-time monitoring performance. Biomaterials 2016; 106:264-75. [PMID: 27573134 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2016.08.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2016] [Revised: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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