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Tian T, Ogura Y, Ise Y, Takikawa H, Okada S, Matsunaga S, Tang GL. Absolute Configuration of 4-Chloroisoleucine in Cyclolithistide A: An Antifungal Peptide Lactone Discovered in Marine Lithistid Sponges. J Org Chem 2024; 89:9135-9138. [PMID: 38860861 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c00913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Cyclolithistide A is a peptide lactone isolated from marine lithistid sponges. Its entire structure, including absolute configurations, has been reported except the relative and absolute configurations of its characteristic residue, 4-chloroisoleucine (4-CIle). We synthesized four isomers of 4-CIle from furfural-derived N-Boc imine and propionaldehyde. Analysis of the acid hydrolysate of cyclolithistide A and the synthetic samples of 4-CIle after derivatization with l- and d-FDAA permitted us to propose the absolute configuration of the 4-chloroisoleucine residue in cyclolithistide A as 2S,3R,4R.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Tian
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Yusuke Ogura
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Yuji Ise
- The Kuroshio Biological Research Institute, Kochi 788-0333, Japan
| | - Hirosato Takikawa
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Shigeru Okada
- Laboratory of Aquatic Natural Products Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Shigeki Matsunaga
- Laboratory of Aquatic Natural Products Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Gong-Li Tang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute for Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
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2
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Owens SL, Ahmed SR, Lang Harman RM, Stewart LE, Mori S. Natural Products That Contain Higher Homologated Amino Acids. Chembiochem 2024; 25:e202300822. [PMID: 38487927 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202300822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
This review focuses on discussing natural products (NPs) that contain higher homologated amino acids (homoAAs) in the structure as well as the proposed and characterized biosynthesis of these non-proteinogenic amino acids. Homologation of amino acids includes the insertion of a methylene group into its side chain. It is not a very common modification found in NP biosynthesis as approximately 450 homoAA-containing NPs have been isolated from four bacterial phyla (Cyanobacteria, Actinomycetota, Myxococcota, and Pseudomonadota), two fungal phyla (Ascomycota and Basidiomycota), and one animal phylum (Porifera), except for a few examples. Amino acids that are found to be homologated and incorporated in the NP structures include the following ten amino acids: alanine, arginine, cysteine, isoleucine, glutamic acid, leucine, phenylalanine, proline, serine, and tyrosine, where isoleucine, leucine, phenylalanine, and tyrosine share the comparable enzymatic pathway. Other amino acids have their individual homologation pathway (arginine, proline, and glutamic acid for bacteria), likely utilize the primary metabolic pathway (alanine and glutamic acid for fungi), or have not been reported (cysteine and serine). Despite its possible high potential in the drug discovery field, the biosynthesis of homologated amino acids has a large room to explore for future combinatorial biosynthesis and metabolic engineering purpose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Skyler L Owens
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Augusta University, 1120 15th Street, Augusta, GA 30912
| | - Shopno R Ahmed
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Augusta University, 1120 15th Street, Augusta, GA 30912
| | - Rebecca M Lang Harman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Augusta University, 1120 15th Street, Augusta, GA 30912
| | - Laura E Stewart
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Augusta University, 1120 15th Street, Augusta, GA 30912
| | - Shogo Mori
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Augusta University, 1120 15th Street, Augusta, GA 30912
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3
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Salim AA, Butler MS, Blaskovich MAT, Henderson IR, Capon RJ. Natural products as anthelmintics: safeguarding animal health. Nat Prod Rep 2023; 40:1754-1808. [PMID: 37555325 DOI: 10.1039/d3np00019b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
Covering literature to December 2022This review provides a comprehensive account of all natural products (500 compounds, including 17 semi-synthetic derivatives) described in the primary literature up to December 2022, reported to be capable of inhibiting the egg hatching, motility, larval development and/or the survival of helminths (i.e., nematodes, flukes and tapeworms). These parasitic worms infect and compromise the health and welfare, productivity and lives of commercial livestock (i.e., sheep, cattle, horses, pigs, poultry and fish), companion animals (i.e., dogs and cats) and other high value, endangered and/or exotic animals. Attention is given to chemical structures, as well as source organisms and anthelmintic properties, including the nature of bioassay target species, in vivo animal hosts, and measures of potency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela A Salim
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, 4072.
| | - Mark S Butler
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, 4072.
| | - Mark A T Blaskovich
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, 4072.
| | - Ian R Henderson
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, 4072.
| | - Robert J Capon
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, 4072.
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Armstrong DW, Berthod A. Occurrence of D-amino acids in natural products. NATURAL PRODUCTS AND BIOPROSPECTING 2023; 13:47. [PMID: 37932633 PMCID: PMC10628113 DOI: 10.1007/s13659-023-00412-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Since the identified standard genetic code contains 61 triplet codons of three bases for the 20 L-proteinogenic amino acids (AAs), no D-AA should be found in natural products. This is not what is observed in the living world. D-AAs are found in numerous natural compounds produced by bacteria, algae, fungi, or marine animals, and even vertebrates. A review of the literature indicated the existence of at least 132 peptide natural compounds in which D-AAs are an essential part of their structure. All compounds are listed, numbered and described herein. The two biosynthetic routes leading to the presence of D-AA in natural products are: non-ribosomal peptide synthesis (NRPS), and ribosomally synthesized and post-translationally modified peptide (RiPP) synthesis which are described. The methods used to identify the AA chirality within naturally occurring peptides are briefly discussed. The biological activity of an all-L synthetic peptide is most often completely different from that of the D-containing natural compounds. Analyzing the selected natural compounds showed that D-Ala, D-Val, D-Leu and D-Ser are the most commonly encountered D-AAs closely followed by the non-proteinogenic D-allo-Thr. D-Lys and D-Met were the least prevalent D-AAs in naturally occurring compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel W Armstrong
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, 76019, USA.
| | - Alain Berthod
- Institut des Sciences Analytiques, CNRS, University of Lyon 1, 69100, Villeurbanne, France
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5
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Nanjo T, Matsumoto A, Oshita T, Takemoto Y. Synthesis of Chlorinated Oligopeptides via γ- and δ-Selective Hydrogen Atom Transfer Enabled by the N-Chloropeptide Strategy. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:19067-19075. [PMID: 37594470 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c06931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
The introduction of a chlorine atom could potentially endow peptide derivatives with notable bioactivity and applicability. However, despite considerable recent progress in C(sp3)-H functionalization chemistry, a general method for the site-selective chlorination of inert aliphatic C-H bonds in peptides still remains elusive. Herein, we report a site-selective C(sp3)-H chlorination of oligopeptides based on an N-chloropeptide strategy. N-chloropeptides, which are easily prepared from the corresponding native oligopeptides, are smoothly degraded in the presence of an appropriate copper catalyst, and a subsequent 1,5-hydrogen atom transfer affords γ- or δ-chlorinated peptides in excellent yield. A wide variety of amino acid residues can thus be site-selectively chlorinated in a predictable manner. This method hence enables the efficient synthesis of otherwise less accessible, chlorine-containing peptide fragments of natural peptides. We moreover demonstrate here the successful estimation of the stereochemistry of the chlorinated carbon atom in aquimarin A. Furthermore, we reveal that side-chain-chlorinated peptides can serve as highly useful substructures with a fine balance between stability and reactivity, which renders them promising targets for synthetic and medicinal applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Nanjo
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Yoshida, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Ayaka Matsumoto
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Yoshida, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Takuma Oshita
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Yoshida, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Yoshiji Takemoto
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Yoshida, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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Dieterich CL, Probst SI, Ueoka R, Sandu I, Schäfle D, Molin MD, Minas HA, Costa R, Oxenius A, Sander P, Piel J. Aquimarins, Peptide Antibiotics with Amino‐Modified C‐Termini from a Sponge‐Derived
Aquimarina
sp. Bacterium. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202115802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cora L. Dieterich
- Institute of Microbiology Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zürich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4 CH-8093 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Silke I. Probst
- Institute of Microbiology Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zürich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4 CH-8093 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Reiko Ueoka
- Institute of Microbiology Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zürich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4 CH-8093 Zurich Switzerland
- School of Marine Biosciences Kitasato University 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku Sagamihara Kanagawa 252-0373 Japan
| | - Ioana Sandu
- Institute of Microbiology Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zürich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4 CH-8093 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Daniel Schäfle
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie University of Zurich Gloriastrasse 28/30 CH-8006 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Michael Dal Molin
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie University of Zurich Gloriastrasse 28/30 CH-8006 Zurich Switzerland
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne University of Cologne Robert-Koch-Str. 21 D-50931 Cologne Germany
| | - Hannah A. Minas
- Institute of Microbiology Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zürich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4 CH-8093 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Rodrigo Costa
- Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences (iBB) Instituto Superior Técnico Universidade de Lisboa Av. Rovisco Pais 1049-001 Lisboa Portugal
| | - Annette Oxenius
- Institute of Microbiology Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zürich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4 CH-8093 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Peter Sander
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie University of Zurich Gloriastrasse 28/30 CH-8006 Zurich Switzerland
- Nationales Zentrum für Mykobakterien Gloriastrasse 28/30 CH-8006 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Jörn Piel
- Institute of Microbiology Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zürich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4 CH-8093 Zurich Switzerland
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7
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Dieterich CL, Probst SI, Ueoka R, Sandu I, Schäfle D, Molin MD, Minas HA, Costa R, Oxenius A, Sander P, Piel J. Aquimarins, Peptide Antibiotics with Amino-Modified C-Termini from a Sponge-Derived Aquimarina sp. Bacterium. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 61:e202115802. [PMID: 34918870 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202115802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Genome mining and bioactivity studies suggested the sponge-derived bacterium Aquimarina sp. Aq135 as a producer of new antibiotics. Activity-guided isolation identified antibacterial peptides, named aquimarins, featuring a new scaffold with an unusual C-terminal amino group and chlorine moieties. Responsible for the halogenation is the FeII /α-ketoglutarate-dependent chlorinase AqmA that halogenates up to two isoleucine residues in a carrier protein-dependent fashion. Total syntheses of two natural aquimarins and eight non-natural variants were developed. Structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies with these compounds showed that the synthetically more laborious chlorinations are not required for antibacterial activity but enhance cytotoxicity. In contrast, variants lacking the C-terminal amine were virtually inactive, suggesting diamines similar to the terminal aquimarin residue as candidate building blocks for new peptidomimetic antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cora L Dieterich
- Institute of Microbiology, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, CH-8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Silke I Probst
- Institute of Microbiology, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, CH-8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Reiko Ueoka
- Institute of Microbiology, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, CH-8093, Zurich, Switzerland.,School of Marine Biosciences, Kitasato University, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0373, Japan
| | - Ioana Sandu
- Institute of Microbiology, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, CH-8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Schäfle
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, University of Zurich, Gloriastrasse 28/30, CH-8006, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael Dal Molin
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, University of Zurich, Gloriastrasse 28/30, CH-8006, Zurich, Switzerland.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Robert-Koch-Str. 21, D-50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Hannah A Minas
- Institute of Microbiology, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, CH-8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Rodrigo Costa
- Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences (iBB), Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Annette Oxenius
- Institute of Microbiology, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, CH-8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Peter Sander
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, University of Zurich, Gloriastrasse 28/30, CH-8006, Zurich, Switzerland.,Nationales Zentrum für Mykobakterien, Gloriastrasse 28/30, CH-8006, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jörn Piel
- Institute of Microbiology, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, CH-8093, Zurich, Switzerland
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8
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de Sousa LHN, de Araújo RD, Sousa-Fontoura D, Menezes FG, Araújo RM. Metabolities from Marine Sponges of the Genus Callyspongia: Occurrence, Biological Activity, and NMR Data. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:663. [PMID: 34940662 PMCID: PMC8706505 DOI: 10.3390/md19120663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The genus Callyspongia (Callyspongiidae) encompasses a group of demosponges including 261 described species, of which approximately 180 have been accepted after taxonomic reviews. The marine organisms of Callyspongia are distributed in tropical ecosystems, especially in the central and western Pacific, but also in the regions of the Indian, the West Atlantic, and the East Pacific Oceans. The reason for the interest in the genus Callyspongia is related to its potential production of bioactive compounds. In this review, we group the chemical information about the metabolites isolated from the genus Callyspongia, as well as studies of the biological activity of these compounds. Through NMR data, 212 metabolites were identified from genus Callyspongia (15 species and Callyspongia sp.), belonging to classes such as polyacetylenes, terpenoids, steroids, alkaloids, polyketides, simple phenols, phenylpropanoids, nucleosides, cyclic peptides, and cyclic depsipeptides. A total of 109 molecules have been reported with bioactive activity, mainly cytotoxic and antimicrobial (antibacterial and antifungal) action. Thus, we conclude that polyacetylenes, terpenoids and steroids correspond to the largest classes of compounds of the genus, and that future research involving the anticancer action of the species' bioactive metabolites may become relevant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Hilário Nogueira de Sousa
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59078-970, Brazil; (L.H.N.d.S.); (R.D.d.A.); (F.G.M.)
| | - Rusceli Diego de Araújo
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59078-970, Brazil; (L.H.N.d.S.); (R.D.d.A.); (F.G.M.)
| | | | - Fabrício Gava Menezes
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59078-970, Brazil; (L.H.N.d.S.); (R.D.d.A.); (F.G.M.)
| | - Renata Mendonça Araújo
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59078-970, Brazil; (L.H.N.d.S.); (R.D.d.A.); (F.G.M.)
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9
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Lin CY, Chakraborty S, Wong CW, Tai DF. Controversy of Peptide Cyclization from Tripeptide. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26020389. [PMID: 33451079 PMCID: PMC7828492 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26020389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The present investigation reports an attempt to synthesize naturally occurring α-cyclic tripeptide cyclo(Gly-l-Pro-l-Glu) 1, [cyclo(GPE)], previously isolated from the Ruegeria strain of bacteria with marine sponge Suberites domuncula. Three linear precursors, Boc-GPE(OBn)2, Boc-PE(OBn)G and Boc-E(OBn)GP, were synthesized using a solution phase peptide coupling protocol. Although cyclo(GPE) 1 was our original target, all precursors were dimerized and cyclized at 0 °C with high dilution to form corresponding α-cyclic hexapeptide, cyclo(GPE(OBn))27, which was then converted to cyclic hexapeptide cyclo(GPE)22. Cyclization at higher temperature induced racemization and gave cyclic tripeptide cyclo(GPDE(OBn)) 9. Structure characteristics of the newly synthesized cyclopeptides were determined using 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and high-resolution mass spectrometry. The chemical shift values of carbonyls of 2 and 7 are larger than 170 ppm, indicating the formation of a cyclic hexapeptide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Yin Lin
- Medical Imaging Research Center, Institute for Radiological Research, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333423, Taiwan
- Department of Nephrology and Clinical Poison Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333423, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (C.-Y.L.); (D.-F.T.); Tel.: +886-3-211-8800 (ext.3865) (C.-Y.L.)
| | - Subrata Chakraborty
- Department of Chemistry, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien 974003, Taiwan; (S.C.); (C.-W.W.)
| | - Chia-Wei Wong
- Department of Chemistry, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien 974003, Taiwan; (S.C.); (C.-W.W.)
| | - Dar-Fu Tai
- Department of Life Science, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien 974003, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (C.-Y.L.); (D.-F.T.); Tel.: +886-3-211-8800 (ext.3865) (C.-Y.L.)
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10
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Phyo YZ, Ribeiro J, Fernandes C, Kijjoa A, Pinto MMM. Marine Natural Peptides: Determination of Absolute Configuration Using Liquid Chromatography Methods and Evaluation of Bioactivities. Molecules 2018; 23:E306. [PMID: 29385101 PMCID: PMC6017543 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23020306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2017] [Revised: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last decades, many naturally occurring peptides have attracted the attention of medicinal chemists due to their promising applicability as pharmaceuticals or as models for drugs used in therapeutics. Marine peptides are chiral molecules comprising different amino acid residues. Therefore, it is essential to establish the configuration of the stereogenic carbon of their amino acid constituents for a total characterization and further synthesis to obtain higher amount of the bioactive marine peptides or as a basis for structural modifications for more potent derivatives. Moreover, it is also a crucial issue taking into account the mechanisms of molecular recognition and the influence of molecular three-dimensionality in this process. In this review, a literature survey covering the report on the determination of absolute configuration of the amino acid residues of diverse marine peptides by chromatographic methodologies is presented. A brief summary of their biological activities was also included emphasizing to the most promising marine peptides. A case study describing an experience of our group was also included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye' Zaw Phyo
- ICBAS-Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), Edifício do Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4050-208 Matosinhos, Portugal.
| | - João Ribeiro
- Laboratório de Química Orgânica e Farmacêutica, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Carla Fernandes
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), Edifício do Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4050-208 Matosinhos, Portugal.
- Laboratório de Química Orgânica e Farmacêutica, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Anake Kijjoa
- ICBAS-Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), Edifício do Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4050-208 Matosinhos, Portugal.
| | - Madalena M M Pinto
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), Edifício do Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4050-208 Matosinhos, Portugal.
- Laboratório de Química Orgânica e Farmacêutica, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
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11
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Gogineni V, Hamann MT. Marine natural product peptides with therapeutic potential: Chemistry, biosynthesis, and pharmacology. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2018; 1862:81-196. [PMID: 28844981 PMCID: PMC5918664 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2017.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Revised: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The oceans are a uniquely rich source of bioactive metabolites, of which sponges have been shown to be among the most prolific producers of diverse bioactive secondary metabolites with valuable therapeutic potential. Much attention has been focused on marine bioactive peptides due to their novel chemistry and diverse biological properties. As summarized in this review, marine peptides are known to exhibit various biological activities such as antiviral, anti-proliferative, antioxidant, anti-coagulant, anti-hypertensive, anti-cancer, antidiabetic, antiobesity, and calcium-binding activities. This review focuses on the chemistry and biology of peptides isolated from sponges, bacteria, cyanobacteria, fungi, ascidians, and other marine sources. The role of marine invertebrate microbiomes in natural products biosynthesis is discussed in this review along with the biosynthesis of modified peptides from different marine sources. The status of peptides in various phases of clinical trials is presented, as well as the development of modified peptides including optimization of PK and bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vedanjali Gogineni
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, Division of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS, United States.
| | - Mark T Hamann
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States.
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12
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Agrawal S, Adholeya A, Deshmukh SK. The Pharmacological Potential of Non-ribosomal Peptides from Marine Sponge and Tunicates. Front Pharmacol 2016; 7:333. [PMID: 27826240 PMCID: PMC5078478 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2016.00333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Marine biodiversity is recognized by a wide and unique array of fascinating structures. The complex associations of marine microorganisms, especially with sponges, bryozoans, and tunicates, make it extremely difficult to define the biosynthetic source of marine natural products or to deduce their ecological significance. Marine sponges and tunicates are important source of novel compounds for drug discovery and development. Majority of these compounds are nitrogen containing and belong to non-ribosomal peptide (NRPs) or mixed polyketide-NRP natural products. Several of these peptides are currently under trial for developing new drugs against various disease areas, including inflammatory, cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, and infectious disease. This review features pharmacologically active NRPs from marine sponge and tunicates based on their biological activities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sunil K. Deshmukh
- TERI–Deakin Nano Biotechnology Centre, The Energy and Resources InstituteNew Delhi, India
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Ponnappan N, Budagavi DP, Yadav BK, Chugh A. Membrane-active peptides from marine organisms--antimicrobials, cell-penetrating peptides and peptide toxins: applications and prospects. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2016; 7:75-89. [PMID: 25559972 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-014-9182-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Marine organisms are known to be a rich and unique source of bioactive compounds as they are exposed to extreme conditions in the oceans. The present study is an attempt to briefly describe some of the important membrane-active peptides (MAPs) such as antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) and peptide toxins from marine organisms. Since both AMPs and CPPs play a role in membrane perturbation and exhibit interchangeable role, they can speculatively fall under the broad umbrella of MAPs. The study focuses on the structural and functional characteristics of different classes of marine MAPs. Further, AMPs are considered as a potential remedy to antibiotic resistance acquired by several pathogens. Peptides from marine organisms show novel post-translational modifications such as cysteine knots, halogenation and histidino-alanine bridge that enable these peptides to withstand harsh marine environmental conditions. These unusual modifications of AMPs from marine organisms are expected to increase their half-life in living systems, contributing to their increased bioavailability and stability when administered as drug in in vivo systems. Apart from AMPs, marine toxins with membrane-perturbing properties could be essentially investigated for their cytotoxic effect on various pathogens and their cell-penetrating activity across various mammalian cells. The current review will help in identifying the MAPs from marine organisms with crucial post-translational modifications that can be used as template for designing novel therapeutic agents and drug-delivery vehicles for treatment of human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisha Ponnappan
- Kusuma School of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, 110016, India
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Abstract
Haemonchus contortus is an important pathogen of small ruminants and is therefore a crucially important target for anthelmintic chemotherapy. Its large size and fecundity have been exploited for the development of in vitro screens for anthelmintic discovery that employ larval and adult stages in several formats. The ability of the parasite to develop to the young adult stage in Mongolian jirds (Meriones unguiculatus) provides a useful small animal model that can be used to screen compounds prior to their evaluation in infected sheep. This chapter summarizes the use of H. contortus for anthelmintic discovery, offers a perspective on current strategies in this area and suggests research challenges that could lead to improvements in the anthelmintic discovery process.
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Farrugia M, Trotter N, Vijayasarathy S, Salim AA, Khalil ZG, Lacey E, Capon RJ. Isolation and synthesis of N-acyladenine and adenosine alkaloids from a southern Australian marine sponge, Phoriospongia sp. Tetrahedron Lett 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2014.08.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Tajima H, Wakimoto T, Takada K, Ise Y, Abe I. Revised structure of cyclolithistide A, a cyclic depsipeptide from the marine sponge Discodermia japonica. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2014; 77:154-158. [PMID: 24328201 DOI: 10.1021/np400668k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A cyclic peptide was isolated from the deep-sea marine sponge Discodermia japonica, and its NMR spectroscopic data were identical to those reported for cyclolithistide A, a known antifungal depsipeptide. However, the interresidue HMBC correlations suggested that the amino acid sequence was different from that of the original structure. Moreover, chiral-phase GC-MS, combined with Marfey's analysis, indicated that the absolute configurations of three amino acids were also antipodal. Here, we propose the revised structure of cyclolithistide A and address the configuration of the previously unassigned 4-amino-3,5-dihydroxyhexanoic acid (Adha) moiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Tajima
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo , 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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Nesbitt CL, McErlean CSP. Total synthesis of C19 lipid diols containing a 2,5-disubstituted-3-oxygenated tetrahydrofuran. Org Biomol Chem 2011; 9:2198-208. [DOI: 10.1039/c0ob00754d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Total synthesis and antimicrobial activity of a natural cycloheptapeptide of marine origin. Mar Drugs 2010; 8:2384-94. [PMID: 20948913 PMCID: PMC2953409 DOI: 10.3390/md8082384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2010] [Revised: 07/26/2010] [Accepted: 07/30/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study deals with the first total synthesis of the proline-rich cyclopolypeptide stylisin 2 via a solution phase technique by coupling of the Boc-L-Pro-L-Ile-L-Pro-OH tripeptide unit with the L-Phe-L-Pro-L-Pro-L-Tyr-OMe tetrapeptide unit, followed by cyclization of the resulting linear heptapeptide fragment. The chemical structure of the finally synthesized peptide was elucidated by FTIR, ¹H/¹³C-NMR and FAB MS spectral data, as well as elemental analyses. The newly synthesized peptide was subjected to antimicrobial screening against eight pathogenic microbes and found to exhibit potent antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Candida albicans, in addition to moderate antidermatophyte activity against pathogenic Trichophyton mentagrophytes and Microsporum audouinii when compared to standard drugs--gatifloxacin and griseofulvin.
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Ibrahim SRM, Min CC, Teuscher F, Ebel R, Kakoschke C, Lin W, Wray V, Edrada-Ebel R, Proksch P. Callyaerins A-F and H, new cytotoxic cyclic peptides from the Indonesian marine sponge Callyspongia aerizusa. Bioorg Med Chem 2010; 18:4947-56. [PMID: 20599387 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2010.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2010] [Revised: 05/26/2010] [Accepted: 06/04/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Bioassay guided fractionation of the EtOAc fraction of the sponge Callyspongia aerizusa yielded seven new cytotoxic cyclic peptides callyaerins A-F (1-6) and H (8). Their structures were determined using extensive 1D (1H, 13C and DEPT) and 2D (COSY, HMQC, HMBC, TOCSY, and ROESY) NMR and mass spectral (ESI and HRESI-TOF) data. All compounds were cyclic peptides containing ring systems of 5-9 amino acids and side chains of 2-5 amino acids in length. An unusual (Z)-2,3-diaminoacrylic acid unit provided the template for ring closure and afforded the linkage to the peptidic side chain which was always initiated with a proline moiety. All peptides contained three or more proline residues and the remaining residues were predominantly hydrophobic residues with all amino acids present in the l form. Callyaerins A-F (1-6) and H (8) showed biological activity in antibacterial assays and in various cytotoxicity assays employing different tumour cell-lines (L5178Y, HeLa, and PC12). Callyaerins E (5) and H (8) exhibited strong activity against the L5178Y cell line with ED50 values of 0.39 and 0.48 microM, respectively. On the other hand, callyaerin A (1) showed strong inhibitory properties towards C. albicans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrin R M Ibrahim
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Biologie und Biotechnologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Geb. 26.23, Universitätsstrasse 1, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
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Thomas TRA, Kavlekar DP, LokaBharathi PA. Marine drugs from sponge-microbe association--a review. Mar Drugs 2010; 8:1417-68. [PMID: 20479984 PMCID: PMC2866492 DOI: 10.3390/md8041417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 245] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2010] [Revised: 04/13/2010] [Accepted: 04/19/2010] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The subject of this review is the biodiversity of marine sponges and associated microbes which have been reported to produce therapeutically important compounds, along with the contextual information on their geographic distribution. Class Demospongiae and the orders Halichondrida, Poecilosclerida and Dictyoceratida are the richest sources of these compounds. Among the microbial associates, members of the bacterial phylum Actinobacteria and fungal division Ascomycota have been identified to be the dominant producers of therapeutics. Though the number of bacterial associates outnumber the fungal associates, the documented potential of fungi to produce clinically active compounds is currently more important than that of bacteria. Interestingly, production of a few identical compounds by entirely different host-microbial associations has been detected in both terrestrial and marine environments. In the Demospongiae, microbial association is highly specific and so to the production of compounds. Besides, persistent production of bioactive compounds has also been encountered in highly specific host-symbiont associations. Though spatial and temporal variations are known to have a marked effect on the quality and quantity of bioactive compounds, only a few studies have covered these dimensions. The need to augment production of these compounds through tissue culture and mariculture has also been stressed. The reviewed database of these compounds is available at www.niobioinformatics.in/drug.php.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tresa Remya A. Thomas
- Biological Oceanography, National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula, Goa, Pin-403004, India; E-Mails:
(T.R.A.T.);
(D.P.K.)
| | - Devanand P. Kavlekar
- Biological Oceanography, National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula, Goa, Pin-403004, India; E-Mails:
(T.R.A.T.);
(D.P.K.)
| | - Ponnapakkam A. LokaBharathi
- Biological Oceanography, National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula, Goa, Pin-403004, India; E-Mails:
(T.R.A.T.);
(D.P.K.)
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Otero-González AJ, Magalhães BS, Garcia-Villarino M, López-Abarrategui C, Sousa DA, Dias SC, Franco OL. Antimicrobial peptides from marine invertebrates as a new frontier for microbial infection control. FASEB J 2010; 24:1320-34. [PMID: 20065108 DOI: 10.1096/fj.09-143388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides are widely expressed in organisms and have been linked to innate and acquired immunities in vertebrates. These compounds are constitutively expressed and rapidly induced at different cellular levels to interact directly with infectious agents and/or modulate immunoreactions involved in defense against pathogenic microorganisms. In invertebrates, antimicrobial peptides represent the major humoral defense system against infection, showing a diverse spectrum of action mechanisms, most of them related to plasma membrane disturbance and lethal alteration of microbial integrity. Marine invertebrates are widespread, extremely diverse, and constantly under an enormous microbial challenge from the ocean environment, itself altered by anthropic influences derived from industrialization and transportation. Consequently, this study reexamines the peptides isolated over the past 2 decades from different origins, bringing phyla not previously reviewed up to date. Moreover, a promising novel use of antimicrobial peptides as effective drugs in human and veterinary medicine could be based on their unusual properties and synergic counterparts as immune response humoral effectors, in addition to their direct microbicidal activity. This has been seen in many other marine proteins that are sufficiently immunogenic to humans, not necessarily in terms of antibody generation but as inflammation promoters and recruitment agents or immune enhancers.
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Choi EJ, Kwon HC, Ham J, Yang HO. 6-Hydroxymethyl-1-phenazine-carboxamide and 1,6-phenazinedimethanol from a marine bacterium, Brevibacterium sp. KMD 003, associated with marine purple vase sponge. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2009; 62:621-4. [PMID: 19798118 DOI: 10.1038/ja.2009.92] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Two new antibacterial phenazines were isolated from the culture broth of Brevibacterium sp. KMD 003 obtained from a marine purple vase sponge of the genus Callyspongia, collected in Kyeongpo, Gangwondo, Korea. The structures of these compounds were determined to be 6-hydroxymethyl-1-phenazine-carboxamide (1) and 1,6-phenazinedimethanol (2) through analyses of HR-EI-MS and NMR data. Compounds 1 and 2 showed antibacterial activities against Enterococcus hirae and Micrococcus luteus with 5 microM MIC values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Ju Choi
- Natural Products Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Gangneung, Gangwon-do, Korea
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Yang B, Dong J, Zhou X, Yang X, Lee K, Wang L, Zhang S, Liu Y. Proline-Containing Dipeptides from a Marine Sponge of aCallyspongiaSpecies. Helv Chim Acta 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.200800422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Dahiya R, Kumar A, Gupta R. Synthesis, Cytotoxic and Antimicrobial Screening of a Proline-Rich Cyclopolypeptide. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2009; 57:214-7. [DOI: 10.1248/cpb.57.214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rajiv Dahiya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, NRI Institute of Pharmacy
| | - Akhilesh Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Rajiv Academy for Pharmacy
| | - Rajul Gupta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Rajiv Academy for Pharmacy
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Colgrave ML, Kotze AC, Huang YH, O’Grady J, Simonsen SM, Craik DJ. Cyclotides: Natural, Circular Plant Peptides that Possess Significant Activity against Gastrointestinal Nematode Parasites of Sheep. Biochemistry 2008; 47:5581-9. [DOI: 10.1021/bi800223y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michelle L. Colgrave
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia, and CSIRO Division of Livestock Industries, CSIRO, Brisbane 4072, Australia
| | - Andrew C. Kotze
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia, and CSIRO Division of Livestock Industries, CSIRO, Brisbane 4072, Australia
| | - Yen-Hua Huang
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia, and CSIRO Division of Livestock Industries, CSIRO, Brisbane 4072, Australia
| | - John O’Grady
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia, and CSIRO Division of Livestock Industries, CSIRO, Brisbane 4072, Australia
| | - Shane M. Simonsen
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia, and CSIRO Division of Livestock Industries, CSIRO, Brisbane 4072, Australia
| | - David J. Craik
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia, and CSIRO Division of Livestock Industries, CSIRO, Brisbane 4072, Australia
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Sjögren M, Johnson AL, Hedner E, Dahlström M, Göransson U, Shirani H, Bergman J, Jonsson PR, Bohlin L. Antifouling activity of synthesized peptide analogs of the sponge metabolite barettin. Peptides 2006; 27:2058-64. [PMID: 16781016 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2006.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2006] [Revised: 03/31/2006] [Accepted: 03/31/2006] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Barettin (cyclo [(6-bromo-8-en-tryptophan) arginine]), a diketopiperazine isolated from the marine sponge Geodia barretti, is a potent inhibitor of barnacle larvae settlement with an EC50-value of 0.9 microM. In the present study, 14 analogs of barettin and its structural congener dipodazine were synthezised and tested for their ability to inhibit larval settlement. Two of the analogs have an intact barettin skeleton. The remaining analogs have a dipodazine skeleton (a diketopiperazine where arginine is replaced with glycine). Six of the tested synthetic analogs displayed significant settlement inhibition with the most potent inhibitor being benzo[g]dipodazine, which displayed even stronger activity than barettin (EC50-value 0.034 microM). The effect of benzo[g]dipodazine was also shown to be readily reversible, when cyprids were transferred to filtered seawater (FSW).
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Sjögren
- Division of Pharmacognosy, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Biomedical Centre, Uppsala University, P.O. Box 574, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
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Capon RJ, Skene C, Liu EH, Lacey E, Gill JH, Heiland K, Friedel T. Esmodil: An Acetylcholine Mimetic Resurfaces in a Southern Australian Marine SpongeRaspailia(Raspailia) SP. Nat Prod Res 2004; 18:305-9. [PMID: 15214481 DOI: 10.1080/14786410310001620619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Bioassay directed fractionation of a Raspailia (Raspailia) sp. (Order Poecilosclerida; Family Raspailiidae) collected during scientific trawling operations off the Northern Rottnest Shelf yielded as nematocidal agents the known metabolites, phorboxazoles A (1) and B (2). Further examination revealed the new natural product but known synthetic compound, esmodil (3). The structure for 3 was confirmed by spectroscopic analysis and total synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Capon
- School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.
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