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Huang RL, Tang W, Wang C, Yan C, Hu Y, Yang HX, Xiang HY, Huang XJ, Hu LJ, Ye WC, Song JG, Wang Y. Antiviral C-geranylated flavonoids from Artocarpus communis. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2024; 225:114165. [PMID: 38815884 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2024.114165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Ten C-geranylated flavonoids, along with three known analogues, were isolated from the leaves of Artocarpus communis. The chemical structures of these compounds were unambiguously determined via comprehensive spectroscopic analysis, single-crystal X-ray diffraction experiments, and quantum chemical electronic circular dichroism calculations. Structurally, artocarones A-I (1-9) represent a group of unusual, highly modified C-geranylated flavonoids, in which the geranyl chain is cyclised with the ortho-hydroxy group of flavonoids to form various heterocyclic scaffolds. Notably, artocarones E and G-I (5 and 7-9) feature a 6H-benzo[c]chromene core that is hitherto undescribed in C-geranylated flavonoids. Artocarone J (10) is the first example of C-9-C-16 connected C-geranylated aurone. Meanwhile, the plausible biosynthetic pathways for these rare C-geranylated flavonoids were also proposed. Notably, compounds 1, 2, 4, 8, 11, and 12 exhibited promising in vitro inhibitory activities against respiratory syncytial virus and herpes simplex virus type 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Li Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, People's Republic of China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM & New Drugs Research, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Laboratory for Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, People's Republic of China; Center for Bioactive Natural Molecules and Innovative Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, People's Republic of China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM & New Drugs Research, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Laboratory for Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, People's Republic of China
| | - Chaoqun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, People's Republic of China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM & New Drugs Research, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Laboratory for Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, People's Republic of China; Center for Bioactive Natural Molecules and Innovative Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, People's Republic of China
| | - Cong Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, People's Republic of China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM & New Drugs Research, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Laboratory for Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, People's Republic of China; Center for Bioactive Natural Molecules and Innovative Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, People's Republic of China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM & New Drugs Research, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Laboratory for Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, People's Republic of China; Center for Bioactive Natural Molecules and Innovative Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai-Xia Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, People's Republic of China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM & New Drugs Research, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Laboratory for Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai-Yang Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, People's Republic of China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM & New Drugs Research, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Laboratory for Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, People's Republic of China; Center for Bioactive Natural Molecules and Innovative Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Jun Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, People's Republic of China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM & New Drugs Research, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Laboratory for Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, People's Republic of China; Center for Bioactive Natural Molecules and Innovative Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Jun Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, People's Republic of China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM & New Drugs Research, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Laboratory for Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, People's Republic of China; Center for Bioactive Natural Molecules and Innovative Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Cai Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, People's Republic of China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM & New Drugs Research, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Laboratory for Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, People's Republic of China; Center for Bioactive Natural Molecules and Innovative Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jian-Guo Song
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, People's Republic of China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM & New Drugs Research, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Laboratory for Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, People's Republic of China; Center for Bioactive Natural Molecules and Innovative Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, People's Republic of China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM & New Drugs Research, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Laboratory for Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, People's Republic of China; Center for Bioactive Natural Molecules and Innovative Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, People's Republic of China.
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2
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Zhu JY, Weng HZ, Tang DK, Long JC, Tang ZY, Chen Y, Yin S, Tang GH. Prenylated dihydroflavones from the root barks of Morus alba. Nat Prod Res 2024; 38:2569-2576. [PMID: 36927252 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2023.2189710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Three new prenylated dihydroflavones, moralbaflavones A-C (1-3), together with four known ones (4a/4b, 5, and 6) were isolated from the root barks of Morus alba L. Their structures including the absolute configurations were determined by the analysis of HRMS, NMR, and ECD data. The neuroprotective properties of these prenylated dihydroflavones were screened at the concentration of 10 µM in the sodium nitroprusside-induced rat pheochromocytoma PC-12 cells, and the results showed moralbaflavone C (3) possessed significant neuroprotective activity, being more potent than the positive control edaravone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Yu Zhu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Han-Zhuang Weng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Di-Kai Tang
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shengyang, China
| | - Jin-Chen Long
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhuo-Ya Tang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ye Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sheng Yin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gui-Hua Tang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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3
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Pu H, Cao D, Zhou X, Li F, Wang L, Wang M. Isoprenylated Flavonoids and 2-Arylbenzofurans from the Root Bark of Morus alba L. and Their Cytotoxic Activity against HGC27 Cancer Cells. Molecules 2023; 29:30. [PMID: 38202613 PMCID: PMC10779849 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29010030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Three new compounds (1, 11, and 12), together with 32 known ones, were isolated from the root bark of Morus alba L. using various chromatographic methods. The structures of the undescribed compounds were elucidated based on 1D, 2D NMR, and HRESIMS dataanalysis, while the known ones were identified by comparison of their spectroscopic data with those reported in the literature. All the isolates were evaluated for their cytotoxic activities against human gastric cancer HGC27 cells by CCK-8 assay. Among them, compounds 5, 8, 10, and 30 exhibited cytotoxic activities on HGC27 cells with IC50 values of 33.76 ± 2.64 μM, 28.94 ± 0.72 μM, 6.08 ± 0.34 μM, and 10.24 ± 0.89 μM, respectively. Furthermore, compound 10 was confirmed to reduce proliferation ability, increase apoptosis rate, and inhibit cell migration pathway by annexin V/PI double staining experiment, transwell experiment, and Western blot analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hangyi Pu
- Natural Products Research Center, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China; (H.P.); (X.Z.); (F.L.); (L.W.)
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Dongyi Cao
- Pharmaceutical Department, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China;
| | - Xue Zhou
- Natural Products Research Center, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China; (H.P.); (X.Z.); (F.L.); (L.W.)
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Fu Li
- Natural Products Research Center, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China; (H.P.); (X.Z.); (F.L.); (L.W.)
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lun Wang
- Natural Products Research Center, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China; (H.P.); (X.Z.); (F.L.); (L.W.)
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Mingkui Wang
- Natural Products Research Center, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China; (H.P.); (X.Z.); (F.L.); (L.W.)
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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4
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Rani DM, Wongso H, Purwoko RY, Winarto NB, Shalas AF, Triatmoko B, Pratama ANW, Keller PA, Nugraha AS. Anti-cancer bioprospecting on medicinal plants from Indonesia: A review. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2023; 216:113881. [PMID: 37827225 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2023.113881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
The Indonesian archipelago is home to the second largest biodiversity in the world and is inhabited by more than 300 ethnic groups with a total population of more than 270 million. The indigenous population still rely on traditional medicine practices, especially the use of plant-based remedies. Although modern science-based exploration on Indonesian medicinal plants started with the European settlement in the archipelago in the 16th century, it was not until the 1970's that the phytochemistry of Indonesian medicinal plants was recognized for its potency. The need for new cancer cures to increase the quality of human life has led to the bioprospecting of medicinal plants including those of Indonesian origin. Despite published reports on the anticancer potency of Indonesian medicinal plants, to date there has been no comprehensive review on this topic. In this manuscript, we review the phytochemical and pharmacological studies on medicinal plants from Indonesia related to cancer therapy. Established databases (GARUDA, SciFinder, and PubMed) were used to collate data from 1990 to 2022, resulting in the description of 134 medicinal plants and their phytochemical and pharmacological properties including examples containing potent agents against breast, leukaemia, cervix, lung, and colon cancer cell lines based on in vitro bioassays and in vivo evaluation. These findings provide valuable insights into the bioprospecting of Indonesian medicinal plant providing directions for future studies, including the development of new therapeutics, both as botanicals or by using conventional dosage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinar Mutia Rani
- Drug Utilisation and Discovery Research Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Jember, Jember, 68121, Indonesia.
| | - Hendris Wongso
- Research Center for Radioisotope, Radiopharmaceutical, and Biodosimetry Technology, Research Organization for Nuclear Energy, National Research and Innovation Agency, Puspiptek, Banten, 15314, Indonesia; Research Collaboration Center for Theranostic Radiopharmaceuticals, National Research and Innovation Agency, Jl. Raya Bandung-Sumedang KM 21, Sumedang, 45363, Indonesia.
| | - Reza Yuridian Purwoko
- Research Center for Pre-Clinical and Clinical Medicine, Research Organization for Health, National Research and Innovation Agency, Indonesia.
| | - Naura Bathari Winarto
- Drug Utilisation and Discovery Research Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Jember, Jember, 68121, Indonesia.
| | - Alvan Febrian Shalas
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Brawijaya University, Malang, 65145, Indonesia.
| | - Bawon Triatmoko
- Drug Utilisation and Discovery Research Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Jember, Jember, 68121, Indonesia.
| | | | - Paul A Keller
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, Molecular Horizons, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, 2522, Australia.
| | - Ari Satia Nugraha
- Drug Utilisation and Discovery Research Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Jember, Jember, 68121, Indonesia; School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, Molecular Horizons, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, 2522, Australia.
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5
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Won H, Son MG, Pel P, Nhoek P, An CY, Kim YM, Chae HS, Chin YW. Chemical constituents from Morus alba with proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 expression and secretion inhibitory activity. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:2801-2808. [PMID: 36920451 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob00225j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
Six new flavanones, including sanggenol W (1), morusalnol D-F (2-4) and neovanone A and B (5 and6), and fourteen known compounds were isolated from the methanol extract of the dried root bark of Morus alba using various column chromatographic methods. Their structures were elucidated using spectroscopic methods. The isolated compounds were tested in vitro for LDLR, PCSK9 and IDOL mRNA regulatory activity, and it was found that betulinic acid (13) showed the most potent effect on downregulation of PCSK9 and upregulation of LDLR at both mRNA and protein levels, showing comparable results to berberine, the positive control. In addition, betulinic acid (13) inhibited PCSK9 secretion, indicating its role as a future PCSK9 synthesis inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongic Won
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
| | - Min-Gyung Son
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
| | - Pisey Pel
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
| | - Piseth Nhoek
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
| | - Chae-Yeong An
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
| | - Young-Mi Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hee-Sung Chae
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
| | - Young-Won Chin
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
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6
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Hidayati AR, Melinda, Ilmi H, Sakura T, Sakaguchi M, Ohmori J, Hartuti ED, Tumewu L, Inaoka DK, Tanjung M, Yoshida E, Tokumasu F, Kita K, Mori M, Dobashi K, Nozaki T, Syafruddin D, Hafid AF, Waluyo D, Widyawaruyanti A. Effect of geranylated dihydrochalcone from Artocarpus altilis leaves extract on Plasmodium falciparum ultrastructural changes and mitochondrial malate: Quinone oxidoreductase. Int J Parasitol Drugs Drug Resist 2022; 21:40-50. [PMID: 36565667 PMCID: PMC9798170 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpddr.2022.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Nearly half of the world's population is at risk of being infected by Plasmodium falciparum, the pathogen of malaria. Increasing resistance to common antimalarial drugs has encouraged investigations to find compounds with different scaffolds. Extracts of Artocarpus altilis leaves have previously been reported to exhibit in vitro antimalarial activity against P. falciparum and in vivo activity against P. berghei. Despite these initial promising results, the active compound from A. altilis is yet to be identified. Here, we have identified 2-geranyl-2', 4', 3, 4-tetrahydroxy-dihydrochalcone (1) from A. altilis leaves as the active constituent of its antimalarial activity. Since natural chalcones have been reported to inhibit food vacuole and mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC), the morphological changes in food vacuole and biochemical inhibition of ETC enzymes of (1) were investigated. In the presence of (1), intraerythrocytic asexual development was impaired, and according to the TEM analysis, this clearly affected the ultrastructure of food vacuoles. Amongst the ETC enzymes, (1) inhibited the mitochondrial malate: quinone oxidoreductase (PfMQO), and no inhibition could be observed on dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) as well as bc1 complex activities. Our study suggests that (1) has a dual mechanism of action affecting the food vacuole and inhibition of PfMQO-related pathways in mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agriana Rosmalina Hidayati
- Doctoral Program, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia,Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Mataram, Mataram, Indonesia
| | - Melinda
- Research Center for Genetic Engineering, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Hilkatul Ilmi
- Center of Natural Product Medicine Research and Development, Institute of Tropical Disease, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Takaya Sakura
- Department of Molecular Infection Dynamics, Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN), Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan,School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Miako Sakaguchi
- Central Laboratory, Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN), Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Junko Ohmori
- School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Endah Dwi Hartuti
- Research Center for Genetic Engineering, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Bogor, Indonesia,Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Lidya Tumewu
- Center of Natural Product Medicine Research and Development, Institute of Tropical Disease, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Daniel Ken Inaoka
- Department of Molecular Infection Dynamics, Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN), Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan,School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan,Department of Biomedical Chemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Japan
| | - Mulyadi Tanjung
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Eri Yoshida
- Department of Molecular Infection Dynamics, Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN), Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Fuyuki Tokumasu
- Department of Cellular Architecture Studies, Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN), Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Kita
- School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan,Department of Biomedical Chemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Japan,Department of Host-Defense Biochemistry, Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN), Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Mihoko Mori
- Kitasato Institute for Life Science, Kitasato University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Dobashi
- Kitasato Institute for Life Science, Kitasato University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoyoshi Nozaki
- Department of Biomedical Chemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Japan
| | - Din Syafruddin
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanudin University, Makassar, Indonesia
| | - Achmad Fuad Hafid
- Center of Natural Product Medicine Research and Development, Institute of Tropical Disease, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Danang Waluyo
- Research Center for Genetic Engineering, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Aty Widyawaruyanti
- Center of Natural Product Medicine Research and Development, Institute of Tropical Disease, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia,Corresponding author. Center of Natural Product Medicine Research and Development, Institute of Tropical Disease, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia.
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7
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Rudrapal M, Khan J, Dukhyil AAB, Alarousy RMII, Attah EI, Sharma T, Khairnar SJ, Bendale AR. Chalcone Scaffolds, Bioprecursors of Flavonoids: Chemistry, Bioactivities, and Pharmacokinetics. Molecules 2021; 26:7177. [PMID: 34885754 PMCID: PMC8659147 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26237177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Chalcones are secondary metabolites belonging to the flavonoid (C6-C3-C6 system) family that are ubiquitous in edible and medicinal plants, and they are bioprecursors of plant flavonoids. Chalcones and their natural derivatives are important intermediates of the flavonoid biosynthetic pathway. Plants containing chalcones have been used in traditional medicines since antiquity. Chalcones are basically α,β-unsaturated ketones that exert great diversity in pharmacological activities such as antioxidant, anticancer, antimicrobial, antiviral, antitubercular, antiplasmodial, antileishmanial, immunosuppressive, anti-inflammatory, and so on. This review provides an insight into the chemistry, biosynthesis, and occurrence of chalcones from natural sources, particularly dietary and medicinal plants. Furthermore, the pharmacological, pharmacokinetics, and toxicological aspects of naturally occurring chalcone derivatives are also discussed herein. In view of having tremendous pharmacological potential, chalcone scaffolds/chalcone derivatives and bioflavonoids after subtle chemical modification could serve as a reliable platform for natural products-based drug discovery toward promising drug lead molecules/drug candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mithun Rudrapal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Rasiklal M. Dhariwal Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Pune 411019, India
| | - Johra Khan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Al Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia; (J.K.); (R.M.I.I.A.)
- Health and Basic Sciences Research Center, Majmaah University, Al Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdul Aziz Bin Dukhyil
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Al Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia; (J.K.); (R.M.I.I.A.)
| | - Randa Mohammed Ibrahim Ismail Alarousy
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Al Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia; (J.K.); (R.M.I.I.A.)
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Division of Veterinary Researches, National Research Center, Giza 12622, Egypt
| | - Emmanuel Ifeanyi Attah
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 410001, Nigeria;
| | - Tripti Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar 751003, India;
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8
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Characterization and Identification of Prenylated Flavonoids from Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam. Roots by Quadrupole Time-Of-Flight and Linear Trap Quadrupole Orbitrap Mass Spectrometry. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24244591. [PMID: 31847475 PMCID: PMC6943520 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24244591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 12/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, a combination of quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (Q-TOF-MS) and linear trap quadrupole orbitrap mass spectrometry (LTQ-Orbitrap-MS) was performed to investigate the fragmentation behaviors of prenylated flavonoids (PFs) from Artocarpus plants. Fifteen PFs were selected as the model molecules and divided into five types (groups A–E) according to their structural characteristics in terms of the position and existing form of prenyl substitution in the flavone skeleton. The LTQ-Orbitrap-MSn spectra of the [M − H]− ions for these compounds provided a wealth of structural information on the five different types of compounds. The main fragmentation pathways of group A were the ortho effect and retro Diels–Alder (RDA), and common losses of C4H10, CO, and CO2. The compounds in group B easily lose C6H12, forming a stable structure of a 1,4-dienyl group, unlike those in group A. The fragmentation pathway for group C is characterized by obvious 1,4A−, 1,4B− cracking of the C ring. The diagnostic fragmentation for group D is obvious RDA cracking of the C ring and the successive loss of CH3 and H2O in the LTQ-Orbitrap-MSn spectra. Fragmentation with successive loss of CO or CO2, ·CH3, and CH4 in the LTQ-Orbitrap-MSn spectra formed the characteristics of group E. The summarized fragmentation rules were successfully exploited to identify PFs from Artocarpusheterophyllus, a well-known Artocarpus plant, which led to the identification of a total of 47 PFs in this plant.
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9
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Lu J, Wang M, Wang Z, Fu Z, Lu A, Zhang G. Advances in the discovery of cathepsin K inhibitors on bone resorption. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2018; 33:890-904. [PMID: 29723068 PMCID: PMC6010086 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2018.1465417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cathepsin K (Cat K), highly expressed in osteoclasts, is a cysteine protease member of the cathepsin lysosomal protease family and has been of increasing interest as a target of medicinal chemistry efforts for its role in bone matrix degradation. Inhibition of the Cat K enzyme reduces bone resorption and thus, has rendered the enzyme as an attractive target for anti-resorptive osteoporosis therapy. Over the past decades, considerable efforts have been made to design and develop highly potent, excellently selective and orally applicable Cat K inhibitors. These inhibitors are derived from synthetic compounds or natural products, some of which have passed preclinical studies and are presently in clinical trials at different stages of advancement. In this review, we briefly summarised the historic development of Cat K inhibitors and discussed the relationship between structures of inhibitors and active sites in Cat K for the purpose of guiding future development of inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Lu
- a Law Sau Fai Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone and Joint Diseases (TMBJ), School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University , Hong Kong SAR , China.,b Institute of Integrated Bioinfomedicine and Translational Science (IBTS), School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University , Hong Kong SAR , China
| | - Maolin Wang
- a Law Sau Fai Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone and Joint Diseases (TMBJ), School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University , Hong Kong SAR , China.,b Institute of Integrated Bioinfomedicine and Translational Science (IBTS), School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University , Hong Kong SAR , China
| | - Ziyue Wang
- a Law Sau Fai Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone and Joint Diseases (TMBJ), School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University , Hong Kong SAR , China
| | - Zhongqi Fu
- a Law Sau Fai Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone and Joint Diseases (TMBJ), School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University , Hong Kong SAR , China
| | - Aiping Lu
- a Law Sau Fai Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone and Joint Diseases (TMBJ), School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University , Hong Kong SAR , China.,b Institute of Integrated Bioinfomedicine and Translational Science (IBTS), School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University , Hong Kong SAR , China
| | - Ge Zhang
- a Law Sau Fai Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone and Joint Diseases (TMBJ), School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University , Hong Kong SAR , China.,b Institute of Integrated Bioinfomedicine and Translational Science (IBTS), School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University , Hong Kong SAR , China
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Discovery of a New Class of Cathepsin K Inhibitors in Rhizoma Drynariae as Potential Candidates for the Treatment of Osteoporosis. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17122116. [PMID: 27999266 PMCID: PMC5187916 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17122116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2016] [Revised: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhizoma Drynariae (RD), as one of the most common clinically used folk medicines, has been reported to exert potent anti-osteoporotic activity. The bioactive ingredients and mechanisms that account for its bone protective effects are under active investigation. Here we adopt a novel in silico target fishing method to reveal the target profile of RD. Cathepsin K (Ctsk) is one of the cysteine proteases that is over-expressed in osteoclasts and accounts for the increase in bone resorption in metabolic bone disorders such as postmenopausal osteoporosis. It has been the focus of target based drug discovery in recent years. We have identified two components in RD, Kushennol F and Sophoraflavanone G, that can potentially interact with Ctsk. Biological studies were performed to verify the effects of these compounds on Ctsk and its related bone resorption process, which include the use of in vitro fluorescence-based Ctsk enzyme assay, bone resorption pit formation assay, as well as Receptor Activator of Nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclastogenesis using murine RAW264.7 cells. Finally, the binding mode and stability of these two compounds that interact with Ctsk were determined by molecular docking and dynamics methods. The results showed that the in silico target fishing method could successfully identify two components from RD that show inhibitory effects on the bone resorption process related to protease Ctsk.
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Lin QH, Yuan JB, Ma ZL, Liang J, Zhai XX, Khan IA, Ding YQ, Ren G. Isoprenylated Flavonoids from Roots of Artocarpus styracifolius. Nat Prod Commun 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1601101217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Seven isoprenylated flavonoids were isolated from Artocarpus styracifolius, including one new triisoprenylated flavone, styracifolin D (1), and six known ones, artocarpone B (2), kuwanon C (3), 6-C-prenyl luteolin (4), albanin A (5), 2,4,2′,4′-tetrahydroxy-3′-(3-methyl-2-butenyl)-chalcone (6), and 3′-[γ-hydroxymethyl-( E)-γ-methylallyl]-2,4,2′,4′-tetrahydroxychalcone 11′- O-coumarate (7). The structures of these compounds were determined by analysis of their spectroscopic and mass spectrometric data. Of them, 3 and 5 exhibited inhibitory effects on cathepsin K with IC50 values of 114.6 and 7.4 μM, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Hua Lin
- Research Center of Natural Resources of Chinese Medicinal Materials and Ethnic Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Jin Bin Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of TCM, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Zhi Lin Ma
- Yangtze River Pharmaceutical Group Shanghai Haini Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Shanghai 200231, China
| | - Jian Liang
- Research Center of Natural Resources of Chinese Medicinal Materials and Ethnic Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Xiao Xiao Zhai
- Research Center of Natural Resources of Chinese Medicinal Materials and Ethnic Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Ikhlas A Khan
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - Yuan Qing Ding
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - Gang Ren
- Research Center of Natural Resources of Chinese Medicinal Materials and Ethnic Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
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12
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Rozmer Z, Perjési P. Naturally occurring chalcones and their biological activities. PHYTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS 2016. [PMID: 0 DOI: 10.1007/s11101-014-9387-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
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14
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Abstract
Cathepsins are proteases found in all animals as well as other organisms. There are approximately a dozen members of this family, which are distinguished by their structure, their catalytic mechanism, and which proteins they cleave. Most of the members become activated at the low pH found in lysosomes. Cathepsins have been identified as therapeutic targets in the search for new drugs against a number of human pathologies, including cancer, Alzheimer's, and osteoporosis. A number of natural products have been reported as selective inhibitors of some cathepsins. Chemical structure of natural products as inhibitors of cathepsins can be very diverse. Some peptidic natural products are inhibitors of the cysteine protease cathepsins such as E-64 isolated from Aspergillus, which is a cathepsin B inhibitor, or more recently the marine cyanobacterial metabolite gallinamide A which is a selective inhibitor of human cathepsin L. Also amino acid derivatives have been reported as inhibitors of cathepsin A. Other natural products include chalcone natural products possessing cytotoxic activities against prostate cancer cells and inhibiting cysteine cathepsins in vitro, antipain and its analogues isolated from Streptomyces as inhibitors of cathepsin K, and natural biflavones as novel inhibitors of cathepsins B and K. In this review we will report the most representative examples of natural products as inhibitors of cathepsins, especially the ones reported during the last decade.
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Morikawa T, Ninomiya K, Akaki J, Kakihara N, Kuramoto H, Matsumoto Y, Hayakawa T, Muraoka O, Wang LB, Wu LJ, Nakamura S, Yoshikawa M, Matsuda H. Dipeptidyl peptidase-IV inhibitory activity of dimeric dihydrochalcone glycosides from flowers of Helichrysum arenarium. J Nat Med 2015; 69:494-506. [PMID: 25921859 PMCID: PMC4703617 DOI: 10.1007/s11418-015-0914-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 04/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A methanol extract of everlasting flowers of Helichrysum arenarium L. Moench (Asteraceae) was found to inhibit the increase in blood glucose elevation in sucrose-loaded mice at 500 mg/kg p.o. The methanol extract also inhibited the enzymatic activity against dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV, IC50 = 41.2 μg/ml), but did not show intestinal α-glucosidase inhibitory activities. From the extract, three new dimeric dihydrochalcone glycosides, arenariumosides V-VII (2-4), were isolated, and the stereostructures were elucidated based on their spectroscopic properties and chemical evidence. Of the constituents, several flavonoid constituents, including 2-4, were isolated, and these isolated constituents were investigated for their DPP-IV inhibitory effects. Among them, chalconaringenin 2'-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (16, IC50 = 23.1 μM) and aureusidin 6-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (35, 24.3 μM) showed relatively strong inhibitory activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshio Morikawa
- />Pharmaceutical Research and Technology Institute, Kinki University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-osaka, Osaka 577-8502 Japan
- />Antiaging Center, Kinki University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-osaka, Osaka 577-8502 Japan
| | - Kiyofumi Ninomiya
- />Pharmaceutical Research and Technology Institute, Kinki University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-osaka, Osaka 577-8502 Japan
- />Antiaging Center, Kinki University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-osaka, Osaka 577-8502 Japan
| | - Junji Akaki
- />Pharmaceutical Research and Technology Institute, Kinki University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-osaka, Osaka 577-8502 Japan
| | - Namiko Kakihara
- />Pharmaceutical Research and Technology Institute, Kinki University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-osaka, Osaka 577-8502 Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kuramoto
- />Pharmaceutical Research and Technology Institute, Kinki University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-osaka, Osaka 577-8502 Japan
| | - Yurie Matsumoto
- />Pharmaceutical Research and Technology Institute, Kinki University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-osaka, Osaka 577-8502 Japan
| | - Takao Hayakawa
- />Pharmaceutical Research and Technology Institute, Kinki University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-osaka, Osaka 577-8502 Japan
| | - Osamu Muraoka
- />Pharmaceutical Research and Technology Institute, Kinki University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-osaka, Osaka 577-8502 Japan
- />Antiaging Center, Kinki University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-osaka, Osaka 577-8502 Japan
| | - Li-Bo Wang
- />Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Misasagi, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8412 Japan
- />Faculty of Natural Medicines, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Rd., 110016 Shenyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li-Jun Wu
- />Faculty of Natural Medicines, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Rd., 110016 Shenyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Seikou Nakamura
- />Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Misasagi, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8412 Japan
| | - Masayuki Yoshikawa
- />Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Misasagi, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8412 Japan
| | - Hisashi Matsuda
- />Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Misasagi, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8412 Japan
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Rosa MPG, Alethia MR, Jahel VS. Review: The potential of chalcones as a source of drugs. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.5897/ajpp2015.4267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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17
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Nguyen MTT, Nguyen NT, Awale S. Prenylated Dihydrochalcones from Artocarpus altilis as Antiausterity Agents. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 37:95-110. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.enz.2015.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/20/2023]
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de Melo Burger MC, Fernandes JB, das Graças Fernandes da Silva MF, Escalante A, Prudhomme J, Le Roch KG, Izidoro MA, Vieira PC. Structures and bioactivities of dihydrochalcones from Metrodorea stipularis. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2014; 77:2418-2422. [PMID: 25375026 PMCID: PMC7138024 DOI: 10.1021/np500453x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Metrodorea stipularis stem extracts were studied in the search for possible antichagastic, antimalarial, and antitumoral compounds using cruzain from Trypanosoma cruzi, Plasmodium falciparum, and cathepsins B and L, as molecular targets, respectively. Dihydrochalcones 1, 2, 3, and 4 showed significant inhibitory activity against all the targets. Compounds 1-4 displayed IC50 values ranging from 7.7 to 21.6 μM against cruzain; dihydrochalcones 2 and 4 inhibited the growth of three different strains of P. falciparum in low micromolar concentrations; and against cathepsins B and L these compounds presented good inhibitory activity with IC50 values ranging from 1.0 to 14.9 μM. The dihydrochalcones showed good selectivity in their inhibitory activities against the cysteine proteases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela C. de Melo Burger
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Rod. Washington Luís, Km 235, 13565-905 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - João Batista Fernandes
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Rod. Washington Luís, Km 235, 13565-905 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Aster Escalante
- Department of Cell Biology & Neuroscience, University of California Riverside, 900 University Avenue, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Jacques Prudhomme
- Department of Cell Biology & Neuroscience, University of California Riverside, 900 University Avenue, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Karine G. Le Roch
- Department of Cell Biology & Neuroscience, University of California Riverside, 900 University Avenue, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Mario A. Izidoro
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Pedro de Toledo, 650, 04039-002, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Paulo C. Vieira
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Rod. Washington Luís, Km 235, 13565-905 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
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Safety Evaluation of Artocarpus altilis as Pharmaceutical Agent in Wistar Rats. J Toxicol 2014; 2014:980404. [PMID: 24803928 PMCID: PMC3996309 DOI: 10.1155/2014/980404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2013] [Revised: 03/01/2014] [Accepted: 03/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was designed to elucidate the acute toxicity of Artocarpus altilis leaf and bark extracts. In acute toxicity study, no mortality or any toxic reaction was recorded in any group after 14 days of administering the extracts (2000 mg Kg−1 BW). The extracts (ALA, ABA, ALM, and ABM) did not cause any behavioural or physical changes in experimental rats. There was no significant (P ≤ 0.05) difference in the biochemical parameters analysed between the groups. Slight elevation in activities of AST and ALT in extract treated groups was observed, but this did not exert any deleterious effect on the normal metabolism which was supported by the histopathology of liver. Histopathological studies showed no remarkable changes after 14 days of oral administration of ALA, ABA, ALM, and ABM extracts. The study contributes to establishing the nontoxic quality parameters of Artocarpus altilis leaf and bark parts and the results suggest the safety of the extracts in therapeutic uses.
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20
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Probing antioxidant activity of 2'-hydroxychalcones: crystal and molecular structures, in vitro antiproliferative studies and in vivo effects on glucose regulation. Biochimie 2013; 95:1954-63. [PMID: 23851195 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2013.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2013] [Accepted: 07/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
In order to better understand the antioxidant behavior of a series of polyphenolic 2'-hydroxychalcones, we describe the results of several chemical and biological studies, in vitro and in vivo. Single crystal X-ray methods elucidated their molecular structures and important intermolecular interactions such as H-bonding and molecular stacking in the crystal structures that contribute to our knowledge in explaining antioxidant activity. The results of experiments using the 1,1-diphenyl-2-dipicrylhydrazyl (DPPH) UV-vis spectroscopic method indicate that a hydroxyl group in position 5' induces the highest antioxidant activity. Consequently, 2,2',5'-trihydroxychalcone was selected for further study in vitro towards ROS scavenging in L-6 myoblasts and THP-1 human monocytes, where it shows an excellent antioxidant activity in a concentration range lower than that reported by most studies of related molecules. In addition, this chalcone shows a very selective activity: it inhibits the proliferation of leukemic cells, but it does not affect the normal L-6 myoblasts and human fibroblasts. In studying 2,2',5'-trihydroxychalcone's effect on weight gain and serum glucose and insulin levels in Zucker fatty (fa(-)/fa(-)) rats we found that supplementing the diet with a 10 mg/kg dose of this chalcone (3 times weekly) blunted the increase in glucose that co-occurs with weight gain over the 6-week treatment period. It is concluded that 2,2',5'-trihydroxychalcone has the potential to serve as a protective agent for some debilitating diseases.
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Navrátilová A, Schneiderová K, Veselá D, Hanáková Z, Fontana A, Dall'Acqua S, Cvačka J, Innocenti G, Novotná J, Urbanová M, Pelletier J, Čížek A, Žemličková H, Šmejkal K. Minor C-geranylated flavanones from Paulownia tomentosa fruits with MRSA antibacterial activity. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2013; 89:104-113. [PMID: 23453910 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2013.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2012] [Revised: 12/22/2012] [Accepted: 01/10/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Exhaustive chromatographic separation of the chloroform portion of the ethanolic extract obtained from Paulownia tomentosa (Thunb). Steud. (Paulowniaceae) fruits has led to isolation of ten C-6 geranylated flavanones tomentodiplacone C-I and mimulone C-E, featured by 3'-methoxy and 4'-hydroxy or 4'-hydroxy substitution of the B-ring of the flavonoid, respectively. The structures of these compounds were determined by using mass spectrometry (including HRMS) and 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy. The absolute configurations of the compounds at C-2 were determined using circular dichroism. The obtained compounds showed the presence of a geranyl moiety functionalized by a carbonyl, hydroxyl or methoxyl group, or by formation of tetrahydrofuran or fused-pyrane ring, respectively. All of the flavanones described were isolated for the first time from a natural source. The antibacterial activities of selected compounds isolated along with the previously isolated geranylated flavanones were evaluated against a common panel of microbes and MRSA strains. The selected isolated compounds were tested for their ability to affect eukaryotic translation initiation via dual-luciferase reporter assay (firefly and renilla).
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Navrátilová
- Department of Natural Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Palackého 1-3, CZ-612 42 Brno, Czech Republic.
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Zheng ZP, Tan HY, Chen J, Wang M. Characterization of tyrosinase inhibitors in the twigs of Cudrania tricuspidata and their structure-activity relationship study. Fitoterapia 2012; 84:242-7. [PMID: 23262271 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2012.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2012] [Revised: 12/05/2012] [Accepted: 12/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The twigs of Cudrania tricuspidata were found to show strong tyrosinase inhibitory activity, and further detailed component analysis resulted in the isolation of a new flavanol glucoside, (2S,3S)-2,3-trans-dihydromorin-7-O-β-d-glucoside (1), plus twenty-seven known compounds (2-28). Their structures were elucidated on the basis of ESI-MS and NMR spectral data. Among the isolated compounds, trans-dihydromorin (8), oxyresveratrol (9), and steppogenin (12) were found to exhibit significant tyrosinase inhibition activities. Moreover, the structure-activity relationship of these isolated compounds was also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zong-Ping Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, PR China
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Huong TT, Cuong NX, Tram LH, Quang TT, Duong LV, Nam NH, Dat NT, Huong PTT, Diep CN, Kiem PV, Minh CV. A new prenylated aurone from Artocarpus altilis. JOURNAL OF ASIAN NATURAL PRODUCTS RESEARCH 2012; 14:923-928. [PMID: 22924601 DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2012.702758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Phytochemical study of the methanol extract of Artocarpus altilis resulted in the isolation of a new prenylated aurone, artocarpaurone (1), together with eight known compounds including two prenylated chalcones (2 and 3), three prenylated flavanones (4-6), and three triterpenes (7-9). The structure of 1 was elucidated as 6-hydroxy-2-[8-hydroxy-2-methyl-2-(4-methyl-3-pentenyl)-2H-1-benzopyran-5-ylmethylene]-3(2H)-benzofuranone by spectroscopic methods including 1D and 2D NMR spectra and FT-ICR-MS. Compound 1 showed moderate nitric oxide radical scavenging activity, whereas 2 and 3 had moderate 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging effect, compared with the positive control (+)-catechin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tran Thu Huong
- School of Chemical Engineering, Hanoi University of Science and Technology (HUST), Hanoi, Vietnam
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Hashim NM, Rahmani M, Ee GCL, Sukari MA, Yahayu M, Amin MAM, Ali AM, Go R. Antioxidant, antimicrobial and tyrosinase inhibitory activities of xanthones isolated from Artocarpus obtusus F.M. Jarrett. Molecules 2012; 17:6071-82. [PMID: 22614861 PMCID: PMC6268949 DOI: 10.3390/molecules17056071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2012] [Revised: 04/17/2012] [Accepted: 04/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the most promising plants in biological screening test results of thirteen Artocarpus species was Artocarpus obtusus FM Jarrett and detailed phytochemical investigation of powdered dried bark of the plant has led to the isolation and identification of three xanthones; pyranocycloartobiloxanthone A (1), dihydroartoindonesianin C (2) and pyranocycloartobiloxanthone B (3). These compounds were screened for antioxidant, antimicrobial and tyrosinase inhibitory activities. Pyranocycloartobiloxanthone A (1) exhibited a strong free radical scavenger towards DPPH free radicals with IC50 value of 2 µg/mL with prominent discoloration observed in comparison with standard ascorbic acid, α-tocopherol and quercetin, The compound also exhibited antibacterial activity against methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC3359) and Bacillus subtilis (clinically isolated) with inhibition zone of 20 and 12 mm, respectively. However the other two xanthones were found to be inactive. For the tyrosinase inhibitory activity, again compound (1) displayed strong activity comparable with the standard kojic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Najihah Mohd. Hashim
- Department of Chemistry, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mawardi Rahmani
- Department of Chemistry, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +603-8946-6794; Fax: +603-8943-5380
| | | | - Mohd Aspollah Sukari
- Department of Chemistry, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Maizatulakmal Yahayu
- Department of Chemistry, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | | | - Abd Manaf Ali
- Faculty of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, 20400 Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Rusea Go
- Department of Biology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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Antiproliferative activity of xanthones isolated from Artocarpus obtusus. J Biomed Biotechnol 2011; 2012:130627. [PMID: 21960741 PMCID: PMC3179866 DOI: 10.1155/2012/130627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2011] [Revised: 07/15/2011] [Accepted: 07/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
An investigation of the chemical constituents in Artocarpus obtusus species led to the isolation of three new xanthones, pyranocycloartobiloxanthone A (1), dihydroartoindonesianin C (2), and pyranocycloartobiloxanthone B (3). The compounds were subjected to antiproliferative assay against human promyelocytic leukemia (HL60), human chronic myeloid leukemia (K562), and human estrogen receptor (ER+) positive breast cancer (MCF7) cell lines. Pyranocycloartobiloxanthone A (1) consistently showed strong cytotoxic activity against the three cell lines compared to the other two with IC50 values of 0.5, 2.0 and 5.0 μg/mL, respectively. Compound (1) was also observed to exert antiproliferative activity and apoptotic promoter towards HL60 and MCF7 cell lines at respective IC50 values. The compound (1) was not toxic towards normal cell lines human nontumorigenic breast cell line (MCF10A) and human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) with IC50 values of more than 30 μg/mL.
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Ee GCL, Teo SH, Kwong HC, Mohamed Tahir MI, Silong S. 12-Acetyl-6-hy-droxy-3,3,9,9-tetra-methyl-furo[3,4-b]pyrano[3,2-h]xanthene-7,11(3H,9H)-dione. Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online 2010; 66:o3331-2. [PMID: 21589606 PMCID: PMC3011782 DOI: 10.1107/s1600536810048592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2010] [Accepted: 11/22/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The title compound, Artonol B, C(24)H(20)O(7), isolated from the stem bark of Artocarpus kemando, consists of four six-membered rings and one five-membered ring. The tricyclic xanthone ring system is almost planar [maximum deviation 0.115 (5) Å], whereas the pyran-oid ring is in a distorted boat conformation·The furan ring is almost coplanar with the fused aromatic ring, making a dihedral angle of 3.76 (9)°. The phenol ring serves as a intra-molecular hydrogen-bond donor to the adjacent carbonyl group and also acts as an inter-molecular hydrogen-bond acceptor for the methyl groups of adjacent mol-ecules, forming a three-dimensional network in the crystal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwendoline Cheng Lian Ee
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Siow Hwa Teo
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Huey Chong Kwong
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | | | - Sidik Silong
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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Alvim J, Severino RP, Marques EF, Martinelli AM, Vieira PC, Fernandes JB, da Silva MFDGF, Corrêa AG. Solution Phase Synthesis of a Combinatorial Library of Chalcones and Flavones as Potent Cathepsin V Inhibitors. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 12:687-95. [DOI: 10.1021/cc100076k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Joel Alvim
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 13565-905 São Carlos, SP, Brazil, and Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Goiás, 75704-020 Catalão, GO, Brazil
| | - Richele P. Severino
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 13565-905 São Carlos, SP, Brazil, and Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Goiás, 75704-020 Catalão, GO, Brazil
| | - Emerson F. Marques
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 13565-905 São Carlos, SP, Brazil, and Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Goiás, 75704-020 Catalão, GO, Brazil
| | - Ariane M. Martinelli
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 13565-905 São Carlos, SP, Brazil, and Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Goiás, 75704-020 Catalão, GO, Brazil
| | - Paulo C. Vieira
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 13565-905 São Carlos, SP, Brazil, and Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Goiás, 75704-020 Catalão, GO, Brazil
| | - João B. Fernandes
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 13565-905 São Carlos, SP, Brazil, and Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Goiás, 75704-020 Catalão, GO, Brazil
| | - M. Fatima das G. F. da Silva
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 13565-905 São Carlos, SP, Brazil, and Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Goiás, 75704-020 Catalão, GO, Brazil
| | - Arlene G. Corrêa
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 13565-905 São Carlos, SP, Brazil, and Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Goiás, 75704-020 Catalão, GO, Brazil
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Yang YL. Effects of cycloartocarpin A and artocarpin extracted from Fructus. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 8:61-6. [DOI: 10.3736/jcim20100112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Isolation of secondary metabolites from Hortia oreadica (Rutaceae) leaves through high-speed counter-current chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2009; 1216:4275-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2008] [Revised: 01/24/2009] [Accepted: 02/03/2009] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Lu Y, Sun C, Wang Y, Pan Y. Two-dimensional counter-current chromatography for the preparative separation of prenylflavonoids from Artocarpus altilis. J Chromatogr A 2007; 1151:31-6. [PMID: 17376457 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2007.02.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2006] [Revised: 02/26/2007] [Accepted: 02/27/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
A two-dimensional counter-current chromatographic system (2D-CCC) for preparative isolation and purification of three prenylflavonoids from Artocarpus altilis is presented. An upright CCC instrument (CCC1, total capacity: 1600 ml) was used as the first dimension. Effluent of interest from CCC1 was collected on-line into a 30 ml sample loop by a laboratory-prepared column-switching interface and introduced into a high-speed CCC instrument (CCC2, total capacity: 210 ml) for the second dimension separation. With this 2D-CCC system and a pair of two-phase solvent systems composed of n-hexane-ethyl acetate-methanol-water (5:5:7:3 and 5:5:6.5:3.5, v/v/v/v), which had been selected by high-speed CCC, about a 500 mg amount of the crude extract was separated, yielding 9 mg of compound 1, 28 mg of compound 2 and 78 mg of compound 3. The purities of the three prenylflavonoids were 98.7 (1), 98.3 (2) and 97.2% (3), respectively, as determined by HPLC analysis. Their chemical structures were identified by electrospray ionization MS, (1)H NMR and (13)C NMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanbin Lu
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310027, China
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Wang Y, Deng T, Lin L, Pan Y, Zheng X. Bioassay-guided isolation of antiatherosclerotic phytochemicals fromArtocarpus altilis. Phytother Res 2006; 20:1052-5. [PMID: 17006973 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.1990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The cytoprotective effects of various solvent extracts of Artocarpus altilis (Parkinson) Fosberg were evaluated. The cytoprotective effects were determined in human U937 cells incubated with oxidized LDL (OxLDL) using the 4-[3-(4-iodophenyl)-2-(4-nitrophenyl)-2H-5-tetrazolio]-1, 3-benzene disulfonate (WST-1) assay. The results demonstrated that the ethyl acetate extract showed cytoprotective activities. To identify the main cytoprotective components, a bioassay guided isolation of the ethyl acetate extract afforded b-sitosterol (1) and six flavonoids (2-7). Their chemical structures were established on the basis of spectroscopic evidence and comparison with literature data. Of these compounds, compound 6 was obtained from A. altilis for the first time. The cytoprotective effect offers good prospects for the medicinal applications of A. altilis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, PR China
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Deaton DN, Kumar S. Cathepsin K Inhibitors: Their Potential as Anti-Osteoporosis Agents. PROGRESS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2004; 42:245-375. [PMID: 15003723 DOI: 10.1016/s0079-6468(04)42006-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- David N Deaton
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, GlaxoSmithKline Inc., 5 Moore Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
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