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Li X, Cui Y, Wu W, Zhang Z, Fang J, Yu X, Cao J. Characterization and Biosynthetic Regulation of Isoflavone Genistein in Deep-Sea Actinomycetes Microbacterium sp. B1075. Mar Drugs 2024; 22:276. [PMID: 38921587 PMCID: PMC11205022 DOI: 10.3390/md22060276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Deep-sea environments, as relatively unexplored extremes within the Earth's biosphere, exhibit notable distinctions from terrestrial habitats. To thrive in these extreme conditions, deep-sea actinomycetes have evolved unique biochemical metabolisms and physiological capabilities to ensure their survival in this niche. In this study, five actinomycetes strains were isolated and identified from the Mariana Trench via the culture-dependent method and 16S rRNA sequencing approach. The antimicrobial activity of Microbacterium sp. B1075 was found to be the most potent, and therefore, it was selected as the target strain. Molecular networking analysis via the Global Natural Products Social Molecular Networking (GNPS) platform identified 25 flavonoid compounds as flavonoid secondary metabolites. Among these, genistein was purified and identified as a bioactive compound with significant antibacterial activity. The complete synthesis pathway for genistein was proposed within strain B1075 based on whole-genome sequencing data, with the key gene being CHS (encoding chalcone synthase). The expression of the gene CHS was significantly regulated by high hydrostatic pressure, with a consequent impact on the production of flavonoid compounds in strain B1075, revealing the relationship between actinomycetes' synthesis of flavonoid-like secondary metabolites and their adaptation to high-pressure environments at the molecular level. These results not only expand our understanding of deep-sea microorganisms but also hold promise for providing valuable insights into the development of novel pharmaceuticals in the field of biopharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- College of Oceanography and Ecological Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; (X.L.); (Y.C.); (W.W.); (J.F.)
| | - Yukun Cui
- College of Oceanography and Ecological Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; (X.L.); (Y.C.); (W.W.); (J.F.)
| | - Weichao Wu
- College of Oceanography and Ecological Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; (X.L.); (Y.C.); (W.W.); (J.F.)
| | - Zhizhen Zhang
- Ocean College, Zhoushan Campus, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan 316021, China;
| | - Jiasong Fang
- College of Oceanography and Ecological Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; (X.L.); (Y.C.); (W.W.); (J.F.)
| | - Xi Yu
- College of Oceanography and Ecological Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; (X.L.); (Y.C.); (W.W.); (J.F.)
| | - Junwei Cao
- College of Oceanography and Ecological Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; (X.L.); (Y.C.); (W.W.); (J.F.)
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2
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Ren H, Yang W, Jing W, Shahid MO, Liu Y, Qiu X, Choisy P, Xu T, Ma N, Gao J, Zhou X. Multi-omics analysis reveals key regulatory defense pathways and genes involved in salt tolerance of rose plants. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2024; 11:uhae068. [PMID: 38725456 PMCID: PMC11079482 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhae068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Salinity stress causes serious damage to crops worldwide, limiting plant production. However, the metabolic and molecular mechanisms underlying the response to salt stress in rose (Rosa spp.) remain poorly studied. We therefore performed a multi-omics investigation of Rosa hybrida cv. Jardin de Granville (JDG) and Rosa damascena Mill. (DMS) under salt stress to determine the mechanisms underlying rose adaptability to salinity stress. Salt treatment of both JDG and DMS led to the buildup of reactive oxygen species (H2O2). Palisade tissue was more severely damaged in DMS than in JDG, while the relative electrolyte permeability was lower and the soluble protein content was higher in JDG than in DMS. Metabolome profiling revealed significant alterations in phenolic acid, lipids, and flavonoid metabolite levels in JDG and DMS under salt stress. Proteome analysis identified enrichment of flavone and flavonol pathways in JDG under salt stress. RNA sequencing showed that salt stress influenced primary metabolism in DMS, whereas it substantially affected secondary metabolism in JDG. Integrating these datasets revealed that the phenylpropane pathway, especially the flavonoid pathway, is strongly enhanced in rose under salt stress. Consistent with this, weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA) identified the key regulatory gene chalcone synthase 1 (CHS1), which is important in the phenylpropane pathway. Moreover, luciferase assays indicated that the bHLH74 transcription factor binds to the CHS1 promoter to block its transcription. These results clarify the role of the phenylpropane pathway, especially flavonoid and flavonol metabolism, in the response to salt stress in rose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoran Ren
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Wenjing Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Weikun Jing
- Flower Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650205, China
| | - Muhammad Owais Shahid
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yuming Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xianhan Qiu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Patrick Choisy
- LVMH Recherche, 185 avenue de Verdun F-45800 St., Jean de Braye, France
| | - Tao Xu
- LVMH Recherche, 185 avenue de Verdun F-45800 St., Jean de Braye, France
| | - Nan Ma
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Junping Gao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiaofeng Zhou
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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Simões R, Ribeiro AC, Dias R, Freitas V, Soares S, Pérez-Gregorio R. Unveiling the Immunomodulatory Potential of Phenolic Compounds in Food Allergies. Nutrients 2024; 16:551. [PMID: 38398875 PMCID: PMC10891931 DOI: 10.3390/nu16040551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Food allergies are becoming ever more prevalent around the world. This pathology is characterized by the breakdown of oral tolerance to ingested food allergens, resulting in allergic reactions in subsequent exposures. Due to the possible severity of the symptoms associated with this pathology, new approaches to prevent it and reduce associated symptoms are of utmost importance. In this framework, dietary phenolic compounds appear as a tool with a not fully explored potential. Some phenolic compounds have been pointed to with the ability to modulate food allergies and possibly reduce their symptoms. These compounds can modulate food allergies through many different mechanisms, such as altering the bioaccessibility and bioavailability of potentially immunogenic peptides, by modulating the human immune system and by modulating the composition of the human microbiome that resides in the oral cavity and the gastrointestinal tract. This review deepens the state-of-the-art of the modulation of these mechanisms by phenolic compounds. While this review shows clear evidence that dietary supplementation with foods rich in phenolic compounds might constitute a new approach to the management of food allergies, it also highlights the need for further research to delve into the mechanisms of action of these compounds and decipher systematic structure/activity relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodolfo Simões
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Rua Campo Alegre 687, s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
- Food and Health Omics Group, Food and Agroecology Institute, University of Vigo, Campus As Lagoas, s/n, 32004 Ourense, Spain
- Food and Health Omics Group, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IISGS), SERGAS-UVIGO, 32002 Ourense, Spain
| | - Ana Catarina Ribeiro
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Rua Campo Alegre 687, s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Dias
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Rua Campo Alegre 687, s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Victor Freitas
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Rua Campo Alegre 687, s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Susana Soares
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Rua Campo Alegre 687, s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Rosa Pérez-Gregorio
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Rua Campo Alegre 687, s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
- Food and Health Omics Group, Food and Agroecology Institute, University of Vigo, Campus As Lagoas, s/n, 32004 Ourense, Spain
- Food and Health Omics Group, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IISGS), SERGAS-UVIGO, 32002 Ourense, Spain
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John D, George K, Radhakrishnan EK. A concise update on the synthetic transformation of aurones via asymmetric cycloaddition, annulation, and Michael/Mannich reactions. RSC Adv 2024; 14:6339-6359. [PMID: 38380237 PMCID: PMC10877098 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra08575a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
This review provides a comprehensive overview of the significance of aurone cores in organic chemistry, highlighting their crucial role as synthetic intermediates. With their innate electrophilic reactivity and convenient accessibility, aurone cores play a vital role in catalysing the development of novel methodologies and facilitating the creation of intricate compounds. The objective of this review is to present a current and insightful compilation that summarizes the progress in aurone synthetic transformations, focusing on diverse cycloaddition ([3 + 2], [4 + 2], [4 + 3], [10 + 2]) and annulation reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepa John
- Department of Chemistry, Vellore Institute of Technology Vellore India
| | - Kevin George
- Department of Chemistry, Vellore Institute of Technology Vellore India
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5
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Gamel RME, Haroun SA, Alkhateeb OA, Soliman EA, Tanash AB, Sherief ADA, Abdel-Mogib M, Abdou AH, Ali HSAM, Al-Harbi NA, Abdelaal K, Kazamel AM. Role of Biotransformation of Acacia nilotica Metabolites by Aspergillus subolivaceus in Boosting Lupinus termis Yield: A Promising Approach to Sustainable Agriculture. SUSTAINABILITY 2023; 15:9509. [DOI: 10.3390/su15129509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Biotransformation plays a significant role in sustainable agriculture. This process involves utilizing microorganisms, such as bacteria and fungi, to transform organic compounds and metabolites into bioactive compounds which have beneficial effects on plant growth, yield, and soil characters. Accordingly, the present study aims to explore the role of biotransformation of Acacia nilotica metabolites by Aspergillus subolivaceus in boosting L. termis yield, as an important strategy in agricultural sustainability. A pilot experiment was performed on five fungal strains (Fusarium oxysporium A. aculeatus, Aspergillus. subolivaceus, Rhizopus oryzae and Trichoderma viride) which were grown on different parts of plants (A. nilotica leaves; green tea leaves, green pepper fruits and pomegranate fruits), and the results indicated that the most active metabolite for the growth of L. termis seeds was the fungal metabolite of A. subolivaceus growing on A. nilotica. More specifically, we assess how metabolites produced by Aspergillus subolivaceus using A. nilotica leaves affect the biochemical properties and chemical composition of L. termis seeds. A. subolivaceus was grown on leaves from A. nilotica to obtain metabolites and fractionated into four extracts. Two concentrations of each extract were examined by pretreating the seeds of L. termis. The study found that all four extracts contributed to an increase in yield and some biochemical properties of the yielded seeds. The best results were obtained by treating the L. termis seeds with an extract obtained from diethyl ether, which led to a significant increase in total nitrogen, amino nitrogen, glucose and protein contents of the seeds. According to 1H NMR guided GC/MS analysis, our results showed an increase in phytochemicals such as terpenes, fatty materials, and flavonoids including 3′,4′,7-trimethoxyquercetin and 4-methyl-p-menth-8-en-3-one, which have not been stated before from A. nilotica suggesting that biotransformation may have occurred due to the presence of A. subolivaceus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasha M. E. Gamel
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Samia A. Haroun
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Omar Abdullah Alkhateeb
- Department of Agribusiness and Consumer Sciences, College of Agriculture & Food Sciences, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eman A. Soliman
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Arafat B. Tanash
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | | | - Mamdoh Abdel-Mogib
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Hassan Abdou
- Social Studies Department, College of Arts, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
- Hotel Studies Department, Faculty of Tourism and Hotels, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | | | - Nadi Awad Al-Harbi
- Biology Department, University College of Tayma, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 45527, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khaled Abdelaal
- EPCRS Excellence Center, Plant Pathology and Biotechnology Lab, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El Sheikh 33516, Egypt
| | - Amany M. Kazamel
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
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6
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Perz M, Krawczyk-Łebek A, Dymarska M, Janeczko T, Kostrzewa-Susłow E. Biotransformation of Flavonoids with -NO 2, -CH 3 Groups and -Br, -Cl Atoms by Entomopathogenic Filamentous Fungi. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:9500. [PMID: 37298456 PMCID: PMC10254066 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Combining chemical and microbiological methods using entomopathogenic filamentous fungi makes obtaining flavonoid glycosides possible. In the presented study, biotransformations were carried out in cultures of Beauveria bassiana KCH J1.5, Isaria fumosorosea KCH J2, and Isaria farinosa KCH J2.6 strains on six flavonoid compounds obtained in chemical synthesis. As a result of the biotransformation of 6-methyl-8-nitroflavanone using the strain I. fumosorosea KCH J2, two products were obtained: 6-methyl-8-nitro-2-phenylchromane 4-O-β-D-(4″-O-methyl)-glucopyranoside and 8-nitroflavan-4-ol 6-methylene-O-β-D-(4″-O-methyl)-glucopyranoside. 8-Bromo-6-chloroflavanone was transformed by this strain to 8-bromo-6-chloroflavan-4-ol 4'-O-β-D-(4″-O-methyl)-glucopyranoside. As a result of microbial transformation by I. farinosa KCH J2.6 effectively biotransformed only 8-bromo-6-chloroflavone into 8-bromo-6-chloroflavone 4'-O-β-D-(4″-O-methyl)-glucopyranoside. B. bassiana KCH J1.5 was able to transform 6-methyl-8-nitroflavone to 6-methyl-8-nitroflavone 4'-O-β-D-(4″-O-methyl)-glucopyranoside, and 3'-bromo-5'-chloro-2'-hydroxychalcone to 8-bromo-6-chloroflavanone 3'-O-β-D-(4″-O-methyl)-glucopyranoside. None of the filamentous fungi used transformed 2'-hydroxy-5'-methyl-3'-nitrochalcone effectively. Obtained flavonoid derivatives could be used to fight against antibiotic-resistant bacteria. To the best of our knowledge, all the substrates and products presented in this work are new compounds and are described for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martyna Perz
- Department of Food Chemistry and Biocatalysis, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland; (A.K.-Ł.); (M.D.); (T.J.)
| | | | | | | | - Edyta Kostrzewa-Susłow
- Department of Food Chemistry and Biocatalysis, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland; (A.K.-Ł.); (M.D.); (T.J.)
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7
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Siziya IN, Jung JH, Seo MJ, Lim MC, Seo DH. Whole-cell bioconversion using non-Leloir transglycosylation reactions: a review. Food Sci Biotechnol 2023; 32:749-768. [PMID: 37041815 PMCID: PMC10082888 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-023-01283-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Microbial biocatalysts are evolving technological tools for glycosylation research in food, feed and pharmaceuticals. Advances in bioengineered Leloir and non-Leloir carbohydrate-active enzymes allow for whole-cell biocatalysts to curtail production costs of purified enzymes while enhancing glucan synthesis through continued enzyme expression. Unlike sugar nucleotide-dependent Leloir glycosyltransferases, non-Leloir enzymes require inexpensive sugar donors and can be designed to match the high value, yield and selectivity of the former. This review addresses the current state of bacterial cell-based production of glucans and glycoconjugates via transglycosylation, and describes how alterations made to microbial hosts to surpass purified enzymes as the preferred mode of catalysis are steadily being acquired through genetic engineering, rational design and process optimization. A comprehensive exploration of relevant literature has been summarized to describe whole-cell biocatalysis in non-Leloir glycosylation reactions with various donors and acceptors, and the characterization, application and latest developments in the optimization of their use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inonge Noni Siziya
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896 Republic of Korea
- Division of Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, 22012 Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Hyun Jung
- Research Division for Biotechnology, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup, 56212 Republic of Korea
| | - Myung-Ji Seo
- Division of Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, 22012 Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Cheol Lim
- Research Group of Consumer Safety, Korea Food Research Institute (KFRI), Jeollabuk-do, 55365 Korea
| | - Dong-Ho Seo
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896 Republic of Korea
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Biotechnology and Institute of Life Science and Resources, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 17104 Republic of Korea
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Mesquita PG, de Araujo LM, Neves FDAR, Borin MDF. Metabolites of endophytic fungi isolated from leaves of Bauhinia variegata exhibit antioxidant activity and agonist activity on peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors α, β/δ and γ. FRONTIERS IN FUNGAL BIOLOGY 2022; 3:1049690. [PMID: 37746194 PMCID: PMC10512301 DOI: 10.3389/ffunb.2022.1049690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder that affects millions of people worldwide and is linked to oxidative stress and inflammation. Thiazolidinediones (TZD) improve insulin sensitization and glucose homeostasis mediated by the activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors γ (PPARγ) in patients with type 2 diabetes. However, their use is associated with severe adverse effects such as loss of bone mass, retention of body fluids, liver and heart problems, and increased risk of bladder cancer. Partial PPARγ agonists can promote the beneficial effects of thiazolidinediones with fewer adverse effects. Endophytic fungi colonize plant tissues and have a particularly active metabolism caused by the interaction with them, which leads to the production of natural products with significant biological effects that may be like that of the colonized plant. Here, we identify seven endophytic fungi isolated from Bauhinia variegata leaves that have antioxidant activities. Also, one of the extracts presented pan-agonist activity on PPAR, and another showed activity in PPARα and PPARβ/δ. A better understanding of this relationship could help to comprehend the mechanism of action of antioxidants in treating diabetes and its complications. Moreover, compounds with these capabilities to reduce oxidative stress and activate the receptor that promotes glucose homeostasis are promising candidates in treatment of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Maria de Fátima Borin
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Sciences Health, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
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9
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Selective Structural Derivatization of Flavonoid Acetamides Significantly Impacts Their Bioavailability and Antioxidant Properties. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27238133. [PMID: 36500226 PMCID: PMC9741454 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27238133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Flavonoids show abundant favorable physicochemical and drug related properties, leading to substantial biological applications which are limited by undesirable properties such as poor solubility, high polarity, low bioavailability, and enzymatic degradations. Chemical modification with bioisosteres can be used to address some of these challenges. We report the synthesis and characterization of partial flavonoid acetamide derivatives from quercetin, apigenin and luteolin and the evaluation of their structure-activity relationships based on antioxidant, bioavailability, drug likeness, and toxicity properties. The sequential synthesis was achieved with 76.67-87.23% yield; the structures of the compounds were confirmed using 1H & 13C NMR characterizations. The purity of each compound was determined by HPLC while the molecular weights were determined by mass spectrometry. The % bioavailability was determined using the dialysis tubing procedure and the values were in the range 15.97-38.12%. The antioxidant activity was determined by the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay and expressed as the IC50 values which were in the range 31.52-198.41 µM. The drug likeness and the toxicity properties of compounds 4, 5, 7, 11 and 15 were predicted using computational tools and showed satisfactory results. A structure-activity relationship evaluation reveals that hydroxyl and methylene groups attached on the 2-phenylchromen-4-one structure of the flavonoid play a colossal role in the overall antioxidant and bioavailability properties. The improved bioavailability and excellent drug relevance and toxicity properties present flavonoid acetamide derivatives as prospective drug candidates for further evaluations.
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10
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Guo B, Chou F, Huang L, Yin F, Fang J, Wang JB, Jia Z. Recent insights into oxidative metabolism of quercetin: catabolic profiles, degradation pathways, catalyzing metalloenzymes and molecular mechanisms. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:1312-1339. [PMID: 36037033 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2115456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Quercetin is the most abundant polyphenolic flavonoid (flavonol subclass) in vegetal foods and medicinal plants. This dietary chemopreventive agent has drawn significant interest for its multiple beneficial health effects ("polypharmacology") largely associated with the well-documented antioxidant properties. However, controversies exist in the literature due to its dual anti-/pro-oxidant character, poor stability/bioavailability but multifaceted bioactivities, leaving much confusion as to its exact roles in vivo. Increasing evidence indicates that a prior oxidation of quercetin to generate an array of chemical diverse products with redox-active/electrophilic moieties is emerging as a new linkage to its versatile actions. The present review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the oxidative conversion of quercetin by systematically analyzing the current quercetin-related knowledge, with a particular focus on the complete spectrum of metabolite products, the enzymes involved in the catabolism and the underlying molecular mechanisms. Herein we review and compare the oxidation pathways, protein structures and catalytic patterns of the related metalloenzymes (phenol oxidases, heme enzymes and specially quercetinases), aiming for a deeper mechanistic understanding of the unusual biotransformation behaviors of quercetin and its seemingly controversial biological functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Guo
- Key Laboratory of Phytochemical R&D of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education of China), Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Fang Chou
- Key Laboratory of Phytochemical R&D of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education of China), Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Libin Huang
- Key Laboratory of Phytochemical R&D of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education of China), Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Feifan Yin
- Key Laboratory of Phytochemical R&D of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education of China), Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Jing Fang
- Key Laboratory of Phytochemical R&D of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education of China), Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Jian-Bo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Phytochemical R&D of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education of China), Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Zongchao Jia
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
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11
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Isika DK, Özkömeç FN, Çeşme M, Sadik OA. Synthesis, biological and computational studies of flavonoid acetamide derivatives. RSC Adv 2022; 12:10037-10050. [PMID: 35424949 PMCID: PMC8966662 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra01375d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This study reports the synthesis and characterization of a novel class of flavonoid acetamide derivatives (FA) of quercetin, apigenin, fisetin, kaempferol, and luteolin. Flavonoids display numerous biological properties but are limited by aqueous insolubility, enzymatic degradation, instability, and low bioavailability. FAs were synthesized, with 80-82% yields, through the sequential modification of the flavonoid hydroxyl groups into the acetamide moieties. Bioavailability, antioxidant, and ADMET are structure-activity-dependent properties that vary across different classes of flavonoids and dictate the prevalent biological applications of the flavonoids. Thus, the FAs were evaluated for their bioavailability, antioxidant, and ADMET toxicity properties versus the unmodified flavonoids (UFs). In vitro bioavailability analysis shows that the UFs have bio-availabilities in the range of 10.78-19.29% against that of the FAs in the range of 20.70-34.87%. The antioxidant capacity was measured using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH·) assay with recorded IC50 values of 2.19-13.03 μM for the UFs. Conversely, the FAs had high DPPH IC50 values ranging from 33.83 to 67.10 μM and corresponding to lower antioxidant activity. The FAs showed favorable ADMET properties. The modification of flavonoids into FAs significantly improves the bioavailability and the ADMET toxicity properties, albeit with decreased antioxidant activity. This work highlights the effect of the global modification of the flavonoids with the acetamide groups on the bioavailability, antioxidant, and ADMET toxicity properties which are critical determinants in the biological applications of the flavonoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel K Isika
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Science, BioSensor Materials for Advanced Research & Technology (BioSMART Center), New Jersey Institute of Technology, University Heights 161 Warren Street Newark NJ 07102 USA
| | - Fatma Nur Özkömeç
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Art and Sciences, Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University 46040 Kahramanmaras Turkey
| | - Mustafa Çeşme
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Art and Sciences, Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University 46040 Kahramanmaras Turkey
| | - Omowunmi A Sadik
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Science, BioSensor Materials for Advanced Research & Technology (BioSMART Center), New Jersey Institute of Technology, University Heights 161 Warren Street Newark NJ 07102 USA
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12
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Yue Q, Wang Z, Yu F, Tang X, Su L, Zhang S, Sun X, Li K, Zhao C, Zhao L. Changes in metabolite profiles and antioxidant and hypoglycemic activities of Laminaria japonica after fermentation. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2022.113122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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13
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Abualhasan M, Assali M, Mahmoud A, Zaid AN, Malkieh N. Synthesis of rutin derivatives to enhance lipid solubility and development of topical formulation with a validated analytical method. Curr Drug Deliv 2021; 19:117-128. [PMID: 34931961 DOI: 10.2174/1567201819666211220162535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rutin is available on the market as a topical formulation for the treatment of several conditions, such as internal bleeding, hemorrhoids, and varicose veins. However, these gels have low solubility and limited bioavailability due to their decreased lipid solubility. OBJECTIVE In this study, we aimed to synthesize potentially novel lipophilic rutin prodrugs. The suggested library of these rutin prodrugs includes changing the solubility profile to facilitate rutin transport across biological barriers, thereby improving drug delivery through topical application. METHODS Six rutin derivatives were synthesized based on the ester prodrug strategy. The synthesized compounds were formulated as topical ointments, and their permeability via Franz diffusion was measured. An ultraviolet (UV) analytical method was developed in our laboratories to quantify rutin derivatives both as raw materials and in final dosage forms. The analytical method was then validated. RESULT The results of Franz diffusion analyses showed that transdermal permeability increased by 10_Fo.jpgl height=""d for decaacetylated rutin compared to the other esterified rutins. A simple analytical method for the analysis of the formulated rutin ester was developed and validated. Moreover, the formulated ointment of decaacetylated rutin in our research laboratory was found to be stable under stability accelerated conditions. Synthesis of potentially more lipophilic compounds would yield novel rutin prodrugs suitable for topical formulation. CONCLUSION This project provides a synthetic approach for many similar natural products. The research idea and strategy followed in this research project could be adapted by pharmaceutical and herbal establishments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murad Abualhasan
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, P.O. Box 7, Nablus. Palestinian Territory, Occupied
| | - Mohyeddin Assali
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, P.O. Box 7, Nablus. Palestinian Territory, Occupied
| | - Abeer Mahmoud
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, P.O. Box 7, Nablus. Palestinian Territory, Occupied
| | - Abdel Naser Zaid
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, P.O. Box 7, Nablus. Palestinian Territory, Occupied
| | - Numan Malkieh
- Jerusalem Pharmaceuticals Co, Al Bireh-Ramallah. Palestinian Territory, Occupied
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Zhou T, Guo W, Ren S, Li Y, Wu J, Yang B. Flavonoid glycosides and other bioactive compounds in Citrus reticulate 'Chachi' peel analysed by tandem mass spectrometry and their changes during storage. Carbohydr Res 2021; 510:108462. [PMID: 34700219 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2021.108462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The peel of Citrus reticulate 'Chachiennsis' (Chachi) is a well-known functional food with multiple health benefits in Asia. There is an old saying "the longer time Chachi is stored, the better health benefits it has". Is it convincible? What are the critical bioactive compounds in Chachi? To answer these questions, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) were used to qualify and quantify the flavonoid glycosides and other bioactive compounds of Chachi with storage time of 5-20 years. Limonene was the representative volatile compound. The level of most volatile compounds decreased along with storage. Sixteen flavonoids glycosides and twenty flavonoids were identified. Nobiletin, hesperitin, tetramethoxy flavone and pentamethoxy flavone were characteristic bioactive compounds for Chachi. Most of them accumulated during 10-year storage, thereafter decreased. Ten years could be the optimal storage time. These results indicated that the old saying should be corrected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Wei Guo
- China Tobacco Guangdong Industrial Co. Ltd, Guangzhou, 510385, China
| | - Shengchao Ren
- China Tobacco Guangdong Industrial Co. Ltd, Guangzhou, 510385, China
| | - Yuming Li
- China Tobacco Guangdong Industrial Co. Ltd, Guangzhou, 510385, China
| | - Jinming Wu
- China Tobacco Guangdong Industrial Co. Ltd, Guangzhou, 510385, China.
| | - Bao Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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15
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Badshah SL, Faisal S, Muhammad A, Poulson BG, Emwas AH, Jaremko M. Antiviral activities of flavonoids. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 140:111596. [PMID: 34126315 PMCID: PMC8192980 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids are natural phytochemicals known for their antiviral activity. The flavonoids acts at different stages of viral infection, such as viral entrance, replication and translation of proteins. Viruses cause various diseases such as SARS, Hepatitis, AIDS, Flu, Herpes, etc. These, and many more viral diseases, are prevalent in the world, and some (i.e. SARS-CoV-2) are causing global chaos. Despite much struggle, effective treatments for these viral diseases are not available. The flavonoid class of phytochemicals has a vast number of medicinally active compounds, many of which are studied for their potential antiviral activity against different DNA and RNA viruses. Here, we reviewed many flavonoids that showed antiviral activities in different testing environments such as in vitro, in vivo (mice model) and in silico. Some flavonoids had stronger inhibitory activities, showed no toxicity & the cell proliferation at the tested doses are not affected. Some of the flavonoids used in the in vivo studies also protected the tested mice prophylactically from lethal doses of virus, and effectively prevented viral infection. The glycosides of some of the flavonoids increased the solubility of some flavonoids, and therefore showed increased antiviral activity as compared to the non-glycoside form of that flavonoid. These phytochemicals are active against different disease-causing viruses, and inhibited the viruses by targeting the viral infections at multiple stages. Some of the flavonoids showed more potent antiviral activity than the market available drugs used to treat viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Lal Badshah
- Department of Chemistry, Islamia College University Peshawar, Peshawar 25120, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
| | - Shah Faisal
- Department of Chemistry, Islamia College University Peshawar, Peshawar 25120, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Akhtar Muhammad
- Department of Chemistry, Islamia College University Peshawar, Peshawar 25120, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Benjamin Gabriel Poulson
- Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdul Hamid Emwas
- Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mariusz Jaremko
- Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia.
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16
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Screening of Human Gut Bacterial Culture Collection Identifies Species That Biotransform Quercetin into Metabolites with Anticancer Properties. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22137045. [PMID: 34208885 PMCID: PMC8269047 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22137045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously demonstrated that flavonoid metabolites inhibit cancer cell proliferation through both CDK-dependent and -independent mechanisms. The existing evidence suggests that gut microbiota is capable of flavonoid biotransformation to generate bioactive metabolites including 2,4,6-trihydroxybenzoic acid (2,4,6-THBA), 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid (3,4-DHBA), 3,4,5-trihyroxybenzoic acid (3,4,5-THBA) and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC). In this study, we screened 94 human gut bacterial species for their ability to biotransform flavonoid quercetin into different metabolites. We demonstrated that five of these species were able to degrade quercetin including Bacillus glycinifermentans, Flavonifractor plautii, Bacteroides eggerthii, Olsenella scatoligenes and Eubacterium eligens. Additional studies showed that B. glycinifermentans could generate 2,4,6-THBA and 3,4-DHBA from quercetin while F. plautii generates DOPAC. In addition to the differences in the metabolites produced, we also observed that the kinetics of quercetin degradation was different between B. glycinifermentans and F. plautii, suggesting that the pathways of degradation are likely different between these strains. Similar to the antiproliferative effects of 2,4,6-THBA and 3,4-DHBA demonstrated previously, DOPAC also inhibited colony formation ex vivo in the HCT-116 colon cancer cell line. Consistent with this, the bacterial culture supernatant of F. plautii also inhibited colony formation in this cell line. Thus, as F. plautii and B. glycinifermentans generate metabolites possessing antiproliferative activity, we suggest that these strains have the potential to be developed into probiotics to improve human gut health.
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Biotransformation of Daidzein, Genistein, and Naringenin by Streptomyces Species Isolated from High-Altitude Soil of Nepal. Int J Microbiol 2021; 2021:9948738. [PMID: 34249126 PMCID: PMC8238566 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9948738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids have achieved widespread importance in pharmaceutical, food, and cosmetics industries. Furthermore, modification of these naturally occurring flavonoids to structurally diverse compounds through whole cell biotransformation with enhanced biological activities has numerous biotechnological applications. The present study investigated the biotransformation potential of Streptomyces species isolated from a high-altitude-soil sample towards selected flavonoid molecules. The biotransformed metabolites were confirmed by comparing the HPLC chromatogram with authentic compounds and LC-MS/MS analysis. Of these isolates, Streptomyces species G-18 (Accession number: MW663767.1) catalyzed isoflavone molecules daidzein and genistein to produce hydroxylated products at 24 h of reaction condition in a whole cell system. The hydroxylation of daidzein (4′,7-dihydroxyisoflavone) was confirmed at 3′-position of the B ring to produce 3′,4′,7-trihydroxyisoflavone. In addition, Streptomyces species G-14 (Accession number: MW663770.1) and Streptomyces species S4L (Accession number: MW663769.1) also revealed the transformation of daidzein (4′,7-dihydroxyisoflavone) to hydroxy daidzein at a distinct position than that of G-18 isolates, whereas thee Streptomyces species S4L reaction mixture with naringenin as a substrate also revealed the hydroxylated product. Our results demonstrated that microorganisms isolated from different ecological niches have broad application.
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18
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Wang F, Chen L, Chen S, Chen H, Liu Y. Microbial biotransformation of Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae (PCR) by Aspergillus niger and effects on antioxidant activity. Food Sci Nutr 2021; 9:855-865. [PMID: 33598169 PMCID: PMC7866601 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.2049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae (PCR), the mature fruit peel of Citrus reticulata Blanco and its different cultivars, is an important citrus by-product with beneficial health and nutritive properties. However, due to the lack of value-added methods for its development and utilization, a large amount of PCR is discarded or wasted. To explore a possibly more effective method to utilize PCR, we compared the chemical and biological differences before (CK) and after (CP) microbial transformation of PCR by Aspergillus niger. UPLC-ESI-MS/MS, HPLC, and LC-MS methods were used to compare the chemical profiles of CK and CP. The results demonstrated that microbial biotransformation by A. niger could transform flavonoid compounds by utilizing the carbohydrate and amino acid nutrients in PCR. This could also promote the accumulation of polyhydroxyflavones compounds in CP. The antioxidant assay demonstrated that CP had significantly greater free radical-scavenging activity than CK. The higher antioxidant activity of CP may result from the high level of flavonoids with associated phenolic hydroxyl groups. Microbial biotransformation is an effective method for improving the antioxidant capacity of PCR and may be effective and useful in other natural product situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu Wang
- Department of PharmacyStandardization Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese MedicineChengdu University of TCMChengduChina
- Food & Drugs Authority of NanchongNanchongChina
| | - Lin Chen
- Department of PharmacyStandardization Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese MedicineChengdu University of TCMChengduChina
| | - Shiwei Chen
- Food & Drugs Authority of NanchongNanchongChina
| | - Hongping Chen
- Department of PharmacyStandardization Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese MedicineChengdu University of TCMChengduChina
| | - Youping Liu
- Department of PharmacyStandardization Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese MedicineChengdu University of TCMChengduChina
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Dymarska M, Janeczko T, Kostrzewa-Susłow E. The Callus of Phaseolus coccineus and Glycine max Biotransform Flavanones into the Corresponding Flavones. Molecules 2020; 25:E5767. [PMID: 33297500 PMCID: PMC7730475 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25235767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
In vitro plant cultures are gaining in industrial importance, especially as biocatalysts and as sources of secondary metabolites used in pharmacy. The idea that guided us in our research was to evaluate the biocatalytic potential of newly obtained callus tissue towards flavonoid compounds. In this publication, we describe new ways of using callus cultures in the biotransformations. In the first method, the callus cultures grown on a solid medium are transferred to the water, the reaction medium into which the substrate is introduced. In the second method, biotransformation is carried out on a solid medium by growing callus cultures. In the course of the research, we have shown that the callus obtained from Phaseolus coccineus and Glycine max is capable of converting flavanone, 5-methoxyflavanone and 6-methoxyflavanone into the corresponding flavones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Dymarska
- Department of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 25, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland; (T.J.); (E.K.-S.)
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Naturally Occurring Flavonoids and Isoflavonoids and Their Microbial Transformation: A Review. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25215112. [PMID: 33153224 PMCID: PMC7663748 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25215112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids and isoflavonoids are polyphenolic secondary metabolites usually produced by plants adapting to changing ecological environments over a long period of time. Therefore, their biosynthesis pathways are considered as the most distinctive natural product pathway in plants. Seemingly, the flavonoids and isoflavones from fungi and actinomycetes have been relatively overlooked. In this review, we summarized and classified the isoflavones and flavonoids derived from fungi and actinomycetes and described their biological activities. Increasing attention has been paid to bioactive substances derived from microorganism whole-cell biotransformation. Additionally, we described the utilization of isoflavones and flavonoids as substrates by fungi and actinomycetes for biotransformation through hydroxylation, methylation, halogenation, glycosylation, dehydrogenation, cyclisation, and hydrogenation reactions to obtain rare and highly active biofunctional derivatives. Overall, among all microorganisms, actinomycetes are the main producers of flavonoids. In our review, we also summarized the functional genes involved in flavonoid biosynthesis.
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21
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Xie P, Fan L, Huang L, Zhang C. Oxidative polymerization process of hydroxytyrosol catalysed by polyphenol oxidases or peroxidase: Characterization, kinetics and thermodynamics. Food Chem 2020; 337:127996. [PMID: 32919275 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.127996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Hydroxytyrosol oligomer prepared by bioenzyme shows stronger health-promoting properties than its monomer. However, the polymerization process carried out by laccase, tyrosinase or horseradish peroxidase is still lacking in term of product characterization, kinetics and thermodynamics. To achieve these aspects, ATR-FT-IR, NMR, the Michaelis-Menten equation and isothermal titration calorimetry were explored. The results showed that the identified polymers presented a CC bond and a degree of polymerization less than six. Laccase showed the greatest affinity to hydroxytyrosol via comparison of Km and Vm. All of these polymerization processes were spontaneous and exothermic behaviuors ranging from 30 to 50 °C, and were driven by hydrogen bonds, van der Waals interactions and hydrophobic interactions. Furthermore, circular dichroism spectroscopy was used to reveal the enzymatic structural changes during the catalysis, which showed that β-sheet levels for laccase, α-helix levels for tyrosinase, and the α-helix and random coil levels for horseradish peroxidase were dramatically decreased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pujun Xie
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, CAF, National Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Chemical Utilization, Key and Open Laboratory on Forest Chemical Engineering, SFA, Key Laboratory of Biomass Energy and Material, Nanjing 210042, Jiangsu Province, China; Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
| | - Linlin Fan
- Institute of Agro-product Processing, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China.
| | - Lixin Huang
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, CAF, National Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Chemical Utilization, Key and Open Laboratory on Forest Chemical Engineering, SFA, Key Laboratory of Biomass Energy and Material, Nanjing 210042, Jiangsu Province, China; Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
| | - Caihong Zhang
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, CAF, National Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Chemical Utilization, Key and Open Laboratory on Forest Chemical Engineering, SFA, Key Laboratory of Biomass Energy and Material, Nanjing 210042, Jiangsu Province, China; Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
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Santos R, Pinto D, Magalhães C, Silva A. Halogenated Flavones and Isoflavones: A State-of-Art on their Synthesis. Curr Org Synth 2020; 17:415-425. [PMID: 32473000 DOI: 10.2174/1570179417666200530213737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Flavonoid is a family of compounds present in the everyday consumption plants and fruits, contributing to a balanced diet and beneficial health effects. Being a scaffold for new drugs and presenting a wide range of applicability in the treatment of illnesses give them also an impact in medicine. Among the several types of flavonoids, flavone and isoflavone derivatives can be highlighted due to their prevalence in nature and biological activities already established. The standard synthetic route to obtain both halogenated flavones and isoflavones is through the use of already halogenated starting materials. Halogenation of the flavone and isoflavone core is less common because it is more complicated and involves some selectivity issues. OBJECTIVE Considering the importance of these flavonoids, we aim to present the main and more recent synthetic approaches towards their halogenation. METHODS The most prominent methodologies for the synthesis of halogenated flavones and isoflavones were reviewed. A careful survey of the reported data, using mainly the Scopus database and halogenation, flavones and isoflavones as keywords, was conducted. RESULTS Herein, a review is provided on the latest and more efficient halogenation protocols of flavones and isoflavones. Selective halogenation and the greener methodologies, including enzymatic and microbial halogenations, were reported. Nevertheless, some interesting protocols that allowed the synthesis of halogenated flavone and isoflavone derivatives in specific positions using halogenated reagents are also summarized. CONCLUSION Halogenated flavones and isoflavones have risen as noticeable structures; however, most of the time, the synthetic procedures involve toxic reagents and harsh reaction conditions. Therefore, the development of new synthetic routes with low environmental impact is desirable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Santos
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Diana Pinto
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Clara Magalhães
- Department of Chemistry and CICECO, Universidade de Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Artur Silva
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
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Mrudulakumari Vasudevan U, Lee EY. Flavonoids, terpenoids, and polyketide antibiotics: Role of glycosylation and biocatalytic tactics in engineering glycosylation. Biotechnol Adv 2020; 41:107550. [PMID: 32360984 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2020.107550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Flavonoids, terpenoids, and polyketides are structurally diverse secondary metabolites used widely as pharmaceuticals and nutraceuticals. Most of these molecules exist in nature as glycosides, in which sugar residues act as a decisive factor in their architectural complexity and bioactivity. Engineering glycosylation through selective trimming or extension of the sugar residues in these molecules is a prerequisite to their commercial production as well to creating novel derivatives with specialized functions. Traditional chemical glycosylation methods are tedious and can offer only limited end-product diversity. New in vitro and in vivo biocatalytic tools have emerged as outstanding platforms for engineering glycosylation in these three classes of secondary metabolites to create a large repertoire of versatile glycoprofiles. As knowledge has increased about secondary metabolite-associated promiscuous glycosyltransferases and sugar biosynthetic machinery, along with phenomenal progress in combinatorial biosynthesis, reliable industrial production of unnatural secondary metabolites has gained momentum in recent years. This review highlights the significant role of sugar residues in naturally occurring flavonoids, terpenoids, and polyketide antibiotics. General biocatalytic tools used to alter the identity and pattern of sugar molecules are described, followed by a detailed illustration of diverse strategies used in the past decade to engineer glycosylation of these valuable metabolites, exemplified with commercialized products and patents. By addressing the challenges involved in current bio catalytic methods and considering the perspectives portrayed in this review, exceptional drugs, flavors, and aromas from these small molecules could come to dominate the natural-product industry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eun Yeol Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, Republic of Korea.
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24
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Regioselective Biotransformation of Phloretin Using Streptomyces avermitilis MA4680. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-019-0441-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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25
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Abstract
Flavonoids are a group of plant constituents called phenolic compounds and correspond to the nonenergy part of the human diet. Flavonoids are found in vegetables, seeds, fruits, and beverages such as wine and beer. Over 7000 flavonoids have been identified and they have been considered substances with a beneficial action on human health, particularly of multiple positive effects because of their antioxidant and free radical scavenging action. Although several studies indicate that some flavonoids have provident actions, they occur only at high doses, confirming in most investigations the existence of anti-inflammatory effects, antiviral or anti-allergic, and their protective role against cardiovascular disease, cancer, and various pathologies. Flavonoids are generally removed by chemical methods using solvents and traditional processes, which besides being expensive, involve long periods of time and affect the bioactivity of such compounds. Recently, efforts to develop biotechnological strategies to reduce or eliminate the use of toxic solvents have been reported, reducing processing time and maintaining the bioactivity of the compounds. In this paper, we review, analyze, and discuss methodologies for biotechnological recovery/extraction of flavonoids from agro-industrial residues, describing the advances and challenges in the topic.
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Hernández-Guzmán C, Prado-Barragán A, Gimeno M, Román-Guerrero A, Rutiaga-Quiñones OM, Rocha Guzmán NE, Huerta-Ochoa S. Whole-cell bioconversion of naringenin to high added value hydroxylated compounds using Yarrowia lipolytica 2.2ab in surface and liquid cultures. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2020; 43:1219-1230. [PMID: 32144595 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-020-02316-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The bioconversion process of bioactive naringenin by whole-cells of Yarrowia lipolytica 2.2ab for the production of increased value-added compounds is successfully achieved in surface and liquid cultures. This approach is an alternative to the commercial production of these bioactive compounds from vegetable sources, which are limited due to their low concentrations and the complexity of the purification processes. The experimentation rendered seven value-added compounds in both surface and liquid bioconversion cultures. Some of the compounds produced have not been previously reported as products from the bioconversion processes, such as the case of ampelopsin. Biosynthetic pathways were suggested for the naringenin bioconversion using whole-cells of Y. lipolytica 2.2ab. Finally, the extracts obtained from the naringenin bioconversion in liquid cultures showed higher percentage of inhibition of DPPH· and ABTS· radicals up to 32.88 and 2.08 times, respectively, compared to commercial naringenin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Hernández-Guzmán
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Iztapalapa, P.A. 55-535, 09340, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Arely Prado-Barragán
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Iztapalapa, P.A. 55-535, 09340, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Miquel Gimeno
- Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Angélica Román-Guerrero
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Iztapalapa, P.A. 55-535, 09340, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Olga Miriam Rutiaga-Quiñones
- Departamento de Química-Bioquímica, Tecnológico Nacional de México, Instituto Tecnológico de Durango, Durango, Mexico
| | - Nuria Elizabeth Rocha Guzmán
- Departamento de Química-Bioquímica, Tecnológico Nacional de México, Instituto Tecnológico de Durango, Durango, Mexico
| | - Sergio Huerta-Ochoa
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Iztapalapa, P.A. 55-535, 09340, Mexico City, Mexico.
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Ahn HJ, You HJ, Park MS, Li Z, Choe D, Johnston TV, Ku S, Ji GE. Microbial biocatalysis of quercetin-3-glucoside and isorhamnetin-3-glucoside in Salicornia herbacea and their contribution to improved anti-inflammatory activity. RSC Adv 2020; 10:5339-5350. [PMID: 35498283 PMCID: PMC9049170 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra08059g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Salicornia herbacea (glasswort) is a traditional Asian medicinal plant which exhibits multiple nutraceutical and pharmaceutical properties. Quercetin-3-glucoside and isorhamnetin-3-glucoside are the major flavonoid glycosides found in S. herbacea. Multiple researchers have shown that flavonoid glycosides can be structurally transformed into minor aglycone molecules, which play a significant role in exerting physiological responses in vivo. However, minor aglycone molecule levels in S. herbacea are very low. In this study, Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis AD011, isolated from infant feces, catalyzed >85% of quercetin-3-glucoside and isorhamnetin-3-glucoside into quercetin and isorhamnetin, respectively, in 2 h, without breaking down flavonoid backbones. Functionality analysis demonstrated that the quercetin and isorhamnetin produced showed improved anti-inflammatory activity vs. the original source molecules against lipopolysaccharide induced RAW 264.7 macrophages. Our report highlights a novel protocol for rapid quercetin and isorhamnetin production from S. herbacea flavonoids and the applicability of quercetin and isorhamnetin as nutraceutical molecules with enhanced anti-inflammatory properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyung Jin Ahn
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Research Institute of Human Ecology, Seoul National University Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Ju You
- Center for Human and Environmental Microbiome, Institute of Health and Environment Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Myeong Soo Park
- Research Center, BIFIDO Co., Ltd. Hongcheon 25117 Republic of Korea
| | - Zhipeng Li
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Research Institute of Human Ecology, Seoul National University Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Deokyeong Choe
- Fermentation Science Program, School of Agriculture, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, Middle Tennessee State University Murfreesboro TN 37132 USA
| | - Tony Vaughn Johnston
- Fermentation Science Program, School of Agriculture, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, Middle Tennessee State University Murfreesboro TN 37132 USA
| | - Seockmo Ku
- Fermentation Science Program, School of Agriculture, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, Middle Tennessee State University Murfreesboro TN 37132 USA
| | - Geun Eog Ji
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Research Institute of Human Ecology, Seoul National University Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
- Research Center, BIFIDO Co., Ltd. Hongcheon 25117 Republic of Korea
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Phytochemicals of Apple Pomace as Prospect Bio-Fungicide Agents against Mycotoxigenic Fungal Species-In Vitro Experiments. Toxins (Basel) 2019; 11:toxins11060361. [PMID: 31226831 PMCID: PMC6628436 DOI: 10.3390/toxins11060361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The phytochemical constituents of apple waste were established as potential antifungal agents against four crops pathogens, specifically, Botrytis sp., Fusarium oxysporum, Petriella setifera, and Neosartorya fischeri. Crude, purified extracts and fractions of apple pomace were tested in vitro to evaluate their antifungal and antioxidant properties. The phytochemical constituents of the tested materials were mainly represented by phloridzin and quercetin derivatives, as well as previously undescribed in apples, monoterpene-pinnatifidanoside D. Its structure was confirmed by 1D- and 2D-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopic analyses. The fraction containing quercetin pentosides possessed the highest antioxidant activity, while the strongest antifungal activity was exerted by a fraction containing phloridzin. Sugar moieties differentiated the antifungal activity of quercetin glycosides. Quercetin hexosides possessed stronger antifungal activity than quercetin pentosides.
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Chang TS, Wang TY, Yang SY, Kao YH, Wu JY, Chiang CM. Potential Industrial Production of a Well-Soluble, Alkaline-Stable, and Anti-Inflammatory Isoflavone Glucoside from 8-Hydroxydaidzein Glucosylated by Recombinant Amylosucrase of Deinococcus geothermalis. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24122236. [PMID: 31208027 PMCID: PMC6631725 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24122236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 06/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
8-Hydroxydaidzein (8-OHDe), an ortho-hydroxylation derivative of soy isoflavone daidzein isolated from some fermented soybean foods, has been demonstrated to possess potent anti-inflammatory activity. However, the isoflavone aglycone is poorly soluble and unstable in alkaline solutions. To improve the aqueous solubility and stability of the functional isoflavone, 8-OHDe was glucosylated with recombinant amylosucrase of Deinococcus geothermalis (DgAS) with industrial sucrose, instead of expensive uridine diphosphate-glucose (UDP-glucose). One major product was produced from the biotransformation, and identified as 8-OHDe-7-α-glucoside, based on mass and nuclear magnetic resonance spectral analyses. The aqueous solubility and stability of the isoflavone glucoside were determined, and the results showed that the isoflavone glucoside was almost 4-fold more soluble and more than six-fold higher alkaline-stable than 8-OHDe. In addition, the anti-inflammatory activity of 8-OHDe-7-α-glucoside was also determined by the inhibition of lipopolysaccharide-induced nitric oxide production in RAW 264.7 cells. The results showed that 8-OHDe-7-α-glucoside exhibited significant and dose-dependent inhibition on the production of nitric oxide, with an IC50 value of 173.2 µM, which remained 20% of the anti-inflammatory activity of 8-OHDe. In conclusion, the well-soluble and alkaline-stable 8-OHDe-7-α-glucoside produced by recombinant DgAS with a cheap substrate, sucrose, as a sugar donor retains moderate anti-inflammatory activity, and could be used in industrial applications in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Te-Sheng Chang
- Department of Biological Sciences and Technology, National University of Tainan, Tainan 70005, Taiwan.
| | - Tzi-Yuan Wang
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan.
| | - Szu-Yi Yang
- Department of Biological Sciences and Technology, National University of Tainan, Tainan 70005, Taiwan.
| | - Yu-Han Kao
- Department of Biological Sciences and Technology, National University of Tainan, Tainan 70005, Taiwan.
| | - Jiumn-Yih Wu
- Department of Food Science, National Quemoy University, Kinmen County 892, Taiwan.
| | - Chien-Min Chiang
- Department of Biotechnology, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, No. 60, Sec. 1, Erh-Jen Rd., Jen-Te District, Tainan 71710, Taiwan.
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Li J, Tian C, Xia Y, Mutanda I, Wang K, Wang Y. Production of plant-specific flavones baicalein and scutellarein in an engineered E. coli from available phenylalanine and tyrosine. Metab Eng 2018; 52:124-133. [PMID: 30496827 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2018.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Baicalein and scutellarein are bioactive flavones found in the medicinal plant Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, used in traditional Chinese medicine. Extensive previous work has demonstrated the broad biological activity of these flavonoids, such as antifibrotic, antiviral and anticancer properties. However, their supply from plant material is insufficient to meet demand. Here, to provide an alternative production source and increase production levels of these flavones, we engineered an artificial pathway in an Escherichia coli cell factory for the first time. By first reconstructing the plant flavonoid biosynthetic pathway genes from five different species: phenylalanine ammonia lyase from Rhodotorula toruloides (PAL), 4-coumarate-coenzyme A ligase from Petroselinum crispum (4CL), chalcone synthase from Petunia hybrida (CHS), chalcone isomerase from Medicago sativa (CHI) and an oxidoreductase flavone synthase I from P. crispum (FNSI), production of the intermediates chrysin and apigenin was achieved by feeding phenylalanine and tyrosine as precursors. By comparative analysis of various versions of P450s, a construction expressing 2B1 incorporated with a 22-aa N-terminal truncated flavone C-6 hydroxylase from S. baicalensis (F6H) and partner P450 reductase from Arabidopsis thaliana (AtCPR) was found most effective for production of both baicalein (8.5 mg/L) and scutellarein (47.1 mg/L) upon supplementation with 0.5 g/L phenylalanine and tyrosine in 48 h of fermentation. Finally, optimization of malonyl-CoA availability further increased the production of baicalein to 23.6 mg/L and scutellarein to 106.5 mg/L in a flask culture. This report presents a significant advancement of flavone synthetic production and provides foundation for production of other flavones in microbial hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhua Li
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Chenfei Tian
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Yuhui Xia
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Ishmael Mutanda
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Kaibo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China; He'nan Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, He'nan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China.
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32
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Nanotherapeutic Anti-influenza Solutions: Current Knowledge and Future Challenges. J CLUST SCI 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10876-018-1417-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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33
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Feng X, Li Y, Brobbey Oppong M, Qiu F. Insights into the intestinal bacterial metabolism of flavonoids and the bioactivities of their microbe-derived ring cleavage metabolites. Drug Metab Rev 2018; 50:343-356. [DOI: 10.1080/03602532.2018.1485691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xinchi Feng
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yang Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Mahmood Brobbey Oppong
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Feng Qiu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
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34
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Khan H, Marya, Amin S, Kamal MA, Patel S. Flavonoids as acetylcholinesterase inhibitors: Current therapeutic standing and future prospects. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 101:860-870. [PMID: 29635895 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Revised: 03/04/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acetylcholinesterase (AChE), a serine hydrolase, is primarily responsible for the termination of signal transmission in the cholinergic system, owing to its outstanding hydrolyzing potential. Its substrate acetylcholine (ACh), is a neurotransmitter of the cholinergic system, with a predominant effect on motor neurons involved in memory formation. So, by decreasing the activity of this enzyme by employment of specific inhibitors, a number of motor neuron disorders such as myasthenia gravis, glaucoma, Lewy body dementia, and Alzheimer's disease, among others, can be treated. However, the current-available AChE inhibitors have several limitations in terms of efficacy, therapeutic range, and safety. SCOPE AND APPROACH Primarily due to the non-compliance of current therapies, new, effective and safe inhibitors are being searched for, especially those which act through multiple receptor sites, but do not elicit undesirable effects. In this regard, the evaluation of phytochemicals such as flavonoids, can be a rational approach. The therapeutic potential of flavonoids has already been recognized agaisnt several ailments. This review deals with various plant-derived flavonoids, their preclinical potential as AChE inhibitors, in established assays, possible mechanisms of action, and structural activity relationship (SAR). RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Subsequently, a number of plant-derived flavonoids with outstanding efficacy and potency as AChE inhibitors, the mechanistic, their safety profiles, and pharmacokinetic attributes have been discussed. Through derivatization of these reported flavonoids, some limitation in efficacy or pharmacokinetic parameters can be addressed. The selected flavonoids ought to be tested in clinical studies to discover new neuro-therapeutic candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haroon Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, 23200, Pakistan.
| | - Marya
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, 23200, Pakistan
| | - Surriya Amin
- Department of Botany, Islamia College Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Mohammad Amjad Kamal
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia; Enzymoics, 7 Peterlee Place, Hebersham, NSW, 2770, Australia; Novel Global Community Educational Foundation, Australia
| | - Seema Patel
- Bioinformatics and Medical Informatics Research Center, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, 92182, USA.
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35
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Suraiya S, Lee JM, Cho HJ, Jang WJ, Kim DG, Kim YO, Kong IS. Monascus spp. fermented brown seaweeds extracts enhance bio-functional activities. FOOD BIOSCI 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2017.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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36
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Luo C, Liang W, Chen X, Wang J, Deng Z, Zhang H. Pharmaceutical cocrystals of naringenin with improved dissolution performance. CrystEngComm 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8ce00341f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Four pharmaceutical cocrystals of naringenin were obtained, which demonstrate improved dissolution performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Luo
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Wuhan University of Science and Technology
- Wuhan 430081
- P. R. China
- Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy and Imaging
| | - Wendong Liang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Wuhan University of Science and Technology
- Wuhan 430081
- P. R. China
| | - Xin Chen
- Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy and Imaging
- Suzhou Institute of Nano-tech and Nano-bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Suzhou 215123
- P. R. China
| | - Jianming Wang
- Crystal Pharmatech
- Suzhou Industrial Park
- Suzhou 215123
- P. R. China
| | - Zongwu Deng
- Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy and Imaging
- Suzhou Institute of Nano-tech and Nano-bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Suzhou 215123
- P. R. China
| | - Hailu Zhang
- Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy and Imaging
- Suzhou Institute of Nano-tech and Nano-bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Suzhou 215123
- P. R. China
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Ma J, Peng X, Zhong L, Sun R. Sulfonation of carbonized xylan-type hemicellulose: a renewable and effective biomass-based biocatalyst for the synthesis of O- and N-heterocycles. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8nj01329b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The application of biomass-based carbonaceous solid acids in catalysis is attracting increasing attention in the field of chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiliang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou
- China
| | - Xinwen Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou
- China
| | - Linxin Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou
- China
| | - Runcang Sun
- Institute of Biomass Chemistry and Utilization
- Beijing Forestry University
- Beijing
- China
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38
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Kostrzewa-Susłow E, Dymarska M, Guzik U, Wojcieszyńska D, Janeczko T. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia: A Gram-Negative Bacterium Useful for Transformations of Flavanone and Chalcone. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22111830. [PMID: 29077064 PMCID: PMC6150369 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22111830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A group of flavones, isoflavones, flavanones, and chalcones was subjected to small-scale biotransformation studies with the Gram-negative Stenotrophomonas maltophilia KB2 strain in order to evaluate the capability of this strain to transform flavonoid compounds and to investigate the relationship between compound structure and transformation type. The tested strain transformed flavanones and chalcones. The main type of transformation of compounds with a flavanone moiety was central heterocyclic C ring cleavage, leading to chalcone and dihydrochalcone structures, whereas chalcones underwent reduction to dihydrochalcones and cyclisation to a benzo-γ-pyrone moiety. Substrates with a C-2–C-3 double bond (flavones and isoflavones) were not transformed by Stenotrophomonas maltophilia KB2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edyta Kostrzewa-Susłow
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 25, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Monika Dymarska
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 25, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Urszula Guzik
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia in Katowice, Jagiellonska 28, 40-032 Katowice, Poland.
| | - Danuta Wojcieszyńska
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia in Katowice, Jagiellonska 28, 40-032 Katowice, Poland.
| | - Tomasz Janeczko
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 25, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland.
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39
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Li G, Lou HX. Strategies to diversify natural products for drug discovery. Med Res Rev 2017; 38:1255-1294. [PMID: 29064108 DOI: 10.1002/med.21474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Revised: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Natural product libraries contain specialized metabolites derived from plants, animals, and microorganisms that play a pivotal role in drug discovery due to their immense structural diversity and wide variety of biological activities. The strategies to greatly extend natural product scaffolds through available biological and chemical approaches offer unique opportunities to access a new series of natural product analogues, enabling the construction of diverse natural product-like libraries. The affordability of these structurally diverse molecules has been a crucial step in accelerating drug discovery. This review provides an overview of various approaches to exploit the diversity of compounds for natural product-based drug development, drawing upon a series of examples to illustrate each strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Li
- Department of Natural Medicine and Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Hong-Xiang Lou
- Department of Natural Medicine and Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,Department of Natural Products Chemistry, Key Lab of Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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40
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Xu JQ, Fan N, Yu BY, Wang QQ, Zhang J. Biotransformation of quercetin by Gliocladium deliquescens NRRL 1086. Chin J Nat Med 2017; 15:615-624. [PMID: 28939024 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(17)30089-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
With an attempt to synthesize high-value isoquercitrin (quercetin-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside), we carried out the biotransformation of quercetin (1) by Gliocladium deliquescens NRRL 1086. Along with the aimed product quercetin 3-O-β-D-glycoside (2), three additional metabolites, 2-protocatechuoyl-phlorogucinol carboxylic acid (3), 2,4,6-trihydroxybenzoic acid (4), and protocatechuic acid (5), were also isolated. The time-course experiments revealed that there were two metabolic routes, regio-selectivity glycosylation and quercetin 2,3-dioxygenation, co-existing in the culture. Both glycosylation and oxidative cleavage rapidly took place after quercetin feeding; about 98% quercetin were consumed within the initial 8 h and the oxdized product (2-protocatechuoyl-phlorogucinol carboxylic acid) was hydrolyzed into two phenolic compounds (2,4,6-trihydroxybenzoic acid and protocatechuic acid). We also investigated the impact of glucose content and metal ions on the two reactions and found that high concentrations of glucose significantly inhibited the oxidative cleavage and improved the yield of isoquercitrin and that Ca2+, Fe2+, Mn2+, Mg2+, and Zn2+ inhibited glycosylation. To test the promiscuity of this culture, we selected other four flavonols as substrates; the results demonstrated its high regio-selectivity glycosylation ability towards flavonols at C-3 hydroxyl. In conclusion, our findings indicated that the versatile microbe of G. deliquescens NRRL 1086 maitained abundant enzymes, deserving further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Qi Xu
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Ni Fan
- Institute of Biotechnology for TCM Research, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Bo-Yang Yu
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Qian-Qian Wang
- Institute of Biotechnology for TCM Research, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Institute of Biotechnology for TCM Research, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China.
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41
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Gunenc A, Yeung MH, Lavergne C, Bertinato J, Hosseinian F. Enhancements of antioxidant activity and mineral solubility of germinated wrinkled lentils during fermentation in kefir. J Funct Foods 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2017.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
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Lim DS, Lim DH, Lee JH, Oh ET, Keum YS. Structure-Oxidative Metabolism Relationships of Substituted Flavones by Aspergillus niger. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:3056-3064. [PMID: 28322046 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b00390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Aspergillus niger is a rich source of oxidative enzymes, which are important for many industrial applications. However, systematic evaluation of their metabolic characteristics is limited. In this study, structure-dependent metabolism of flavones by Aspergillus niger were investigated with synthetic substrates. Metabolic inhibitor studies suggested that cytochrome P450s are the major enzymes in oxidative metabolism. The reactions include ring hydroxylation, O-demethylation, sulfone/sulfoxide formation, and oxidation of alkyls to carboxy groups. Initial oxidative metabolism occurred almost exclusively at 4'-substituents. 4'-Halogenated- and 3',5'-dihalogenated analogues were stable against biodegradation. Hydrophilic flavones were more rapidly metabolized than lipophilic analogues. Molecular widths of the A and B ring were important determinants of the position of metabolic oxidation and biotransformation rate. The structure-metabolism relationship analysis indicates that the shape of the B ring was the most important parameter of biotransformation. The electrostatic environment of the same ring also affected the transformation. Additionally, the results showed that the B ring may preferentially be oriented toward the catalytic center.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Som Lim
- Department of Crop Science, Konkuk University , 1 Hwayang-dong, Gwanjin-Gu, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Do-Hyung Lim
- Department of Crop Science, Konkuk University , 1 Hwayang-dong, Gwanjin-Gu, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Ho Lee
- Department of Crop Science, Konkuk University , 1 Hwayang-dong, Gwanjin-Gu, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Tae Oh
- Department of Crop Science, Konkuk University , 1 Hwayang-dong, Gwanjin-Gu, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Soo Keum
- Department of Crop Science, Konkuk University , 1 Hwayang-dong, Gwanjin-Gu, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea
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Wang Y, Zhong H, Yu HT. Theoretical investigation of the fragmentation mechanism of singly positively charged 5-methoxyflavone. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2017.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Sanches Azevedo MC, Silva RRE, Jacomino AP, Genovese MI. Physicochemical variability of cambuci fruit (Campomanesia phaea) from the same orchard, from different locations and at different ripening stages. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2017; 97:526-535. [PMID: 27098569 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.7756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Revised: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present study evaluated the variability of cambuci fruit (Campomanesia phaea) cultivated in São Paulo State in the towns of Mogi das Cruzes, Paraibuna, Paranapiacaba and Rio Grande da Serra, and characterized it at different maturity stages with respect to size, firmness, soluble solids content, titratable acidity, phenolic content, ethylene production, respiration rate and in vitro antioxidant capacity. RESULTS Ripe fruit from the same locality, Paraibuna, showed large variations in size and acidity. Ripe fruit from different towns showed significant variation of total phenolics and, consequently, variation in antioxidant capacity. During maturation, the phenolic content and firmness decreased from unripe to ripe stages. The total soluble solids/titratable acidity ratio can be used as a parameter to differentiate cambuci at different maturity stages. However, the decrease in firmness combined with the absence of an ethylene climacteric peak does not allow us to conclude whether cambuci is climacteric or non-climacteric. CONCLUSION Genetic and soil composition studies are needed to assess the reasons for the differences found among fruit from the same location, as well as the variability among fruit harvested in four localities. The best parameters for assessing the maturity stages of cambuci comprise the rounding of its corners and its firmness because the more mature the pulp, the softer is the fruit. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Cecília Sanches Azevedo
- Laboratório de Compostos Bioativos de Alimentos, Departamento de Alimentos e Nutrição Experimental, FCF, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 580, Bloco 14, 05.508-900, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rafaela Rossi E Silva
- Laboratório de Compostos Bioativos de Alimentos, Departamento de Alimentos e Nutrição Experimental, FCF, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 580, Bloco 14, 05.508-900, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Angelo Pedro Jacomino
- Departamento de Produção Vegetal, Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Padua Dias, 11, Agronomia, 13418-900 - Piracicaba, SP - Brazil
| | - Maria Inés Genovese
- Laboratório de Compostos Bioativos de Alimentos, Departamento de Alimentos e Nutrição Experimental, FCF, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 580, Bloco 14, 05.508-900, São Paulo, Brazil
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Gonzales GB, Smagghe G, Wittevrongel J, Huynh NT, Van Camp J, Raes K. Metabolism of Quercetin and Naringenin by Food-Grade Fungal Inoculum, Rhizopus azygosporus Yuan et Jong (ATCC 48108). JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:9263-9267. [PMID: 27960283 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b04124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Rhizopus azygosporus Yuan et Jong (ATCC 48108), a starter culture for fermented soybean tempeh, produces β-glucosidases that cleave flavonoid glycosides into aglycones during fermentation. However, recent data suggest that fermentation of a flavonoid glycoside-rich extract with this strain did not result in the production of aglycones. Thus, in this paper, flavonoid metabolism of this strain was investigated. Incubation of flavonoid aglycones, naringenin and quercetin, with R. azygosporus resulted in the production of flavonoid glucosyl-, hydroxyl-, and sulfo-conjugated derivatives. Naringenin was completely metabolized within 96 h into eriodictyol sulfate and eriodictyol glucoside, whereas quercetin was partially metabolized into quercetin glucoside, diglucoside, sulfate, and glucosyl-sulfate. Most of these metabolites were found to be excreted by the fungi into the culture medium. Toxicity analysis revealed that incubation with both quercetin and naringenin did not exert inhibitory effects on fungal growth. This study presents an interesting mechanism of fungal detoxification of flavonoids in foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerard Bryan Gonzales
- Food Chemistry and Human Nutrition (NutriFOODChem), Department of Food Safety and Food Quality, ‡Laboratory of Agrozoology, Department of Crop Protection, and #Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Biotechnology, Department of Industrial Biological Sciences, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University , Ghent, Belgium
| | - Guy Smagghe
- Food Chemistry and Human Nutrition (NutriFOODChem), Department of Food Safety and Food Quality, ‡Laboratory of Agrozoology, Department of Crop Protection, and #Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Biotechnology, Department of Industrial Biological Sciences, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University , Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jens Wittevrongel
- Food Chemistry and Human Nutrition (NutriFOODChem), Department of Food Safety and Food Quality, ‡Laboratory of Agrozoology, Department of Crop Protection, and #Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Biotechnology, Department of Industrial Biological Sciences, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University , Ghent, Belgium
| | - Nguyen Thai Huynh
- Food Chemistry and Human Nutrition (NutriFOODChem), Department of Food Safety and Food Quality, ‡Laboratory of Agrozoology, Department of Crop Protection, and #Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Biotechnology, Department of Industrial Biological Sciences, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University , Ghent, Belgium
| | - John Van Camp
- Food Chemistry and Human Nutrition (NutriFOODChem), Department of Food Safety and Food Quality, ‡Laboratory of Agrozoology, Department of Crop Protection, and #Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Biotechnology, Department of Industrial Biological Sciences, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University , Ghent, Belgium
| | - Katleen Raes
- Food Chemistry and Human Nutrition (NutriFOODChem), Department of Food Safety and Food Quality, ‡Laboratory of Agrozoology, Department of Crop Protection, and #Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Biotechnology, Department of Industrial Biological Sciences, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University , Ghent, Belgium
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46
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Ali F, Rahul, Naz F, Jyoti S, Siddique YH. Health functionality of apigenin: A review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2016.1207188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Zafar S, Ahmed R, Khan R. Biotransformation: a green and efficient way of antioxidant synthesis. Free Radic Res 2016; 50:939-48. [PMID: 27383446 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2016.1209745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Antioxidant compounds play a vital role in human physiology. They prevent the oxidation of biomolecules by scavenging free radicals produced during physiochemical processes and/or as a result of several pathological states. A balance between the reactive oxygen species (free radicals) and antioxidants is essential for proper physiological conditions. Excessive free radicals cause oxidative stress which can lead to several human diseases. Therefore, synthesis of the effective antioxidants is crucial in managing the oxidative stress. Biotransformation has evolved as an effective technique for the production of structurally diverse molecules with a wide range of biological activities. This methodology surpasses the conventional chemical synthesis due to the fact that enzymes, being specific in nature, catalyze reactions affording products with excellent regio- and stereoselectivities. Structural transformation of various classes of compounds such as alkaloids, steroids, flavonoids, and terpenes has been carried out through this technique. Several bioactive molecules, especially those having antioxidant potential have also been synthesized by using different biotransformation techniques and enzymes. Hydroxylated, glycosylated, and acylated derivatives of phenols, flavonoids, cinnamates, and other molecules have proven abilities as potential antioxidants. A critical review of the biotransformation of these compounds into potent antioxidant metabolites is presented here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salman Zafar
- a Institute of Chemical Sciences, University of Peshawar , Peshawar , Pakistan
| | - Rida Ahmed
- b Department of Basic Sciences , DHA Suffa University, DG-78, Off Khayaban-e-Tufail, Phase VII Ext. Defence Housing Authority , Karachi , Pakistan
| | - Rasool Khan
- a Institute of Chemical Sciences, University of Peshawar , Peshawar , Pakistan
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Sordon S, Madej A, Popłoński J, Bartmańska A, Tronina T, Brzezowska E, Juszczyk P, Huszcza E. Regioselective ortho-Hydroxylations of Flavonoids by Yeast. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:5525-5530. [PMID: 27324975 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b02210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Natural flavonoids, such as naringenin, hesperetin, chrysin, apigenin, luteolin, quercetin, epicatechin, and biochanin A, were subjected to microbiological transformations by Rhodotorula glutinis. Yeast was able to regioselectively C-8 hydroxylate hesperetin, luteolin, and chrysin. Naringenin was transformed to 8- and 6-hydroxyderivatives. Quercetin, epicatechin, and biochanin A did not undergo biotransformation. A metabolic pathway for the degradation of chrysin has been elucidated. The metabolism of chrysin proceeds via an initial C-8 hydroxylation to norwogonin, followed by A-ring cleavage to 4-hydroxy-6-phenyl-2H-pyran-2-one.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Sordon
- Department of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences , Norwida 25, 50-375 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Anna Madej
- Department of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences , Norwida 25, 50-375 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Jarosław Popłoński
- Department of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences , Norwida 25, 50-375 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Bartmańska
- Department of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences , Norwida 25, 50-375 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz Tronina
- Department of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences , Norwida 25, 50-375 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Brzezowska
- Department of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences , Norwida 25, 50-375 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Juszczyk
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences , Chełmońskiego 37/41, 51-630 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Ewa Huszcza
- Department of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences , Norwida 25, 50-375 Wroclaw, Poland
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Uria AR, Zilda DS. Metagenomics-Guided Mining of Commercially Useful Biocatalysts from Marine Microorganisms. ADVANCES IN FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH 2016; 78:1-26. [PMID: 27452163 DOI: 10.1016/bs.afnr.2016.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Marine microorganisms are a rich reservoir of highly diverse and unique biocatalysts that offer potential applications in food, pharmaceutical, fuel, and cosmetic industries. The fact that only less than 1% of microbes in any marine habitats can be cultured under standard laboratory conditions has hampered access to their extraordinary biocatalytic potential. Metagenomics has recently emerged as a powerful and well-established tool to investigate the vast majority of hidden uncultured microbial diversity for the discovery of novel industrially relevant enzymes from different types of environmental samples, such as seawater, marine sediment, and symbiotic microbial consortia. We discuss here in this review about approaches and methods in metagenomics that have been used and can potentially be used to mine commercially useful biocatalysts from uncultured marine microbes.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R Uria
- Research and Development Center for Marine and Fisheries Product Processing and Biotechnology, Central Jakarta, Indonesia.
| | - D S Zilda
- Research and Development Center for Marine and Fisheries Product Processing and Biotechnology, Central Jakarta, Indonesia
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50
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Maria Marin A, de la Torre J, Ricardo Marques Oliveira A, Barison A, Satie Chubatsu L, Adele Monteiro R, de Oliveira Pedrosa F, Maltempi de Souza E, Wassem R, Duque E, Ramos JL. Genetic and functional characterization of a novel meta-pathway for degradation of naringenin inHerbaspirillum seropedicaeSmR1. Environ Microbiol 2016; 18:4653-4661. [DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.13313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anelis Maria Marin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Nitrogen Fixation Group, UFPR; Brazil
| | - Jésus de la Torre
- Department of Environmental Protection; Estación Experimental del Zaídin CSIC; Spain
| | | | | | - Leda Satie Chubatsu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Nitrogen Fixation Group, UFPR; Brazil
| | - Rose Adele Monteiro
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Nitrogen Fixation Group, UFPR; Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Estrella Duque
- Department of Environmental Protection; Estación Experimental del Zaídin CSIC; Spain
| | - Juan-Luis Ramos
- Department of Environmental Protection; Estación Experimental del Zaídin CSIC; Spain
- Department of Biotechnology, Abengoa Research; Spain
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