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Mei RF, Su J, Hu GX, Yang RD, He BJ, Shi YX, Cai L, Ding ZT. Accumulation of antitumor polyketides by fermentation of Rubus delavayi Franch. with Clonostachys rogersoniana. Fitoterapia 2024; 175:105917. [PMID: 38508501 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2024.105917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
The aim of this work is to explore the effects of herbal medicine on secondary metabolites of microorganisms during fermentation. Clonostachys rogersoniana was found to metabolize only small amounts of polyketide glycosides rogerson B and C on fresh potatoes, but after replacing the medium to the medicinal plant Rubus delavayi Franch., the type and content of the metabolized polyketones showed significant changes. The sugars and glycosides in R. delavayi are probably responsible for the changes in secondary metabolites. Six polyketide glycosides including a new metabolite, rogerson F, and two potential antitumor compounds, TMC-151C and TMC-151D, were isolated from the extract of R. delavayi fermented by C. rogersoniana. In addition, 13C labeling experiments were used to trace the biosynthesis process of these compounds. TMC-151C and TMC-151D showed significant cytotoxic activity against PANC-1, K562 and HCT116 cancer cells but had no obvious cytotoxic activity against BEAS-2B human normal lung epithelial cells. The yields of TMC-151C and TMC-151D reached 14.37 ± 1.52 g/kg and 1.98 ± 0.43 g/kg, respectively, after fermentation at 28 °C for 30 days. This is the first study to confirm that herbal medicine can induce microbes to metabolize active compounds. And the technology of fermenting medicinal materials can bring more economic value to medicinal plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Feng Mei
- Functional Molecules Analysis and Biotransformation key laboratory of Universities in Yunnan Province, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, PR China
| | - Jia Su
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, PR China
| | - Guo-Xian Hu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, PR China
| | - Rui-Dang Yang
- Functional Molecules Analysis and Biotransformation key laboratory of Universities in Yunnan Province, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, PR China
| | - Bi-Jian He
- Functional Molecules Analysis and Biotransformation key laboratory of Universities in Yunnan Province, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, PR China
| | - Ya-Xian Shi
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, PR China
| | - Le Cai
- Functional Molecules Analysis and Biotransformation key laboratory of Universities in Yunnan Province, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, PR China.
| | - Zhong-Tao Ding
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, PR China.
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Yuan GY, Zhang JM, Xu QD, Zhang HR, Hu C, Zou Y. Biosynthesis of Cosmosporasides Reveals the Assembly Line for Fungal Hybrid Terpenoid Saccharides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202308887. [PMID: 37647109 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202308887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Fungal hybrid terpenoid saccharides constitute a new and growing family of natural products with significant biomedical and agricultural activities. One representative family is the cosmosporasides, which feature oxidized terpenoid units and saccharide moieties; however, the assembly line of these building blocks has been elusive. Herein, a cos cluster from Fusarium orthoceras was discovered for the synthesis of cosmosporaside C (1) by genome mining. A UbiA family intramembrane prenyltransferase (UbiA-type PT), a multifunctional cytochrome P450, an α,β-hydrolase, an acetyltransferase, a dimethylallyl transferase (DMAT-type PT) and a glycosyltransferase function cooperatively in the assembly of the scaffold of 1 using primary central metabolites. The absolute configuration at C4, C6 and C7 of 1 was also established. Our work clarifies the unexpected functions of UbiA-type and DMAT-type PTs and provides an example for understanding the synthetic logic of hybrid terpenoid saccharides in fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guan-Yin Yuan
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, P. R. China
| | - Jin-Mei Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, P. R. China
| | - Qing-Dong Xu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, P. R. China
| | - Hua-Ran Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, P. R. China
| | - Changhua Hu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, P. R. China
| | - Yi Zou
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, P. R. China
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Kil YS, You J, Wendt KL, King JB, Cichewicz RH. Resolving a Natural Product Cold Case: Elucidation of Fusapyrone Structure and Absolute Configuration and Demonstration of Their Fungal Biofilm Disrupting Properties. J Org Chem 2023; 88:9167-9186. [PMID: 37343240 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c00765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
Fusapyrones are fungal metabolites, which have been reported to have broad-spectrum antibacterial and antifungal properties. Despite the first members of this chemical class being described three decades prior, many aspects of their structures have remained unresolved, thereby constraining efforts to fully understand structure-activity relationships within this metabolite family and impeding the design of streamlined syntheses. Among the main challenges posed by fusapyrones is the incorporation of several single and groups of stereocenters separated by atoms with freely rotating bonds, which have proven unyielding to spectroscopic analyses. In this study, we obtained a series of new (2-5 and 7-9) and previously reported fusapyrones (1 and 6), which were subjected to a combination of spectroscopic, chemical, and computational techniques enabling us to offer proposals for their full structures, as well as provide a pathway to reinterpreting the absolute configurations of other published fusapyrone metabolites. Biological testing of the fusapyrones revealed their abilities to inhibit and disrupt biofilms made by the human fungal pathogen, Candida albicans. These results show that fusapyrones reduce hyphae formation in C. albicans, as well as decrease the surface adherence capabilities of planktonic cells and cells transitioning into early-stage biofilm formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Seo Kil
- Natural Products Discovery Group, Institute for Natural Products Applications and Research Technologies, Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Stephenson Life Science Research Center, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, United States
| | - Jianlan You
- Natural Products Discovery Group, Institute for Natural Products Applications and Research Technologies, Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Stephenson Life Science Research Center, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, United States
| | - Karen L Wendt
- Natural Products Discovery Group, Institute for Natural Products Applications and Research Technologies, Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Stephenson Life Science Research Center, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, United States
| | - Jarrod B King
- Natural Products Discovery Group, Institute for Natural Products Applications and Research Technologies, Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Stephenson Life Science Research Center, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, United States
| | - Robert H Cichewicz
- Natural Products Discovery Group, Institute for Natural Products Applications and Research Technologies, Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Stephenson Life Science Research Center, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, United States
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Gakuubi MM, Ching KC, Munusamy M, Wibowo M, Liang ZX, Kanagasundaram Y, Ng SB. Enhancing the Discovery of Bioactive Secondary Metabolites From Fungal Endophytes Using Chemical Elicitation and Variation of Fermentation Media. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:898976. [PMID: 35733953 PMCID: PMC9207341 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.898976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Endophytic microorganisms are an important source of bioactive secondary metabolites. In this study, fungal endophytes obtained from A*STAR’s Natural Product Library (NPL) and previously isolated from different habitats of Singapore were investigated for their diversity, antimicrobial, and cytotoxic activities. A total of 222 fungal strains were identified on the basis of sequence analysis of ITS region of the rDNA gene. The identified fungal strains belong to 59 genera distributed in 20 orders. Majority of the identified strains (99%; 219 strains) belong to the phylum Ascomycota, while two strains belonged to the phylum Basidiomycota, and only one strain was from Mucoromycota phylum. The most dominant genus was Colletotrichum accounting for 27% of all the identified strains. Chemical elicitation using 5-azacytidine and suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA) and variation of fermentation media resulted in the discovery of more bioactive strains. Bioassay-guided isolation and structure elucidation of active constituents from three prioritized fungal strains: Lophiotrema sp. F6932, Muyocopron laterale F5912, and Colletotrichum tropicicola F10154, led to the isolation of a known compound; palmarumycin C8 and five novel compounds; palmarumycin CP30, muyocopronol A-C and tropicicolide. Tropicicolide displayed the strongest antifungal activity against Aspergillus fumigatus with an IC50 value of 1.8 μg/ml but with a weaker activity against the Candida albicans presenting an IC50 of 7.1 μg/ml. Palmarumycin C8 revealed the best antiproliferative activity with IC50 values of 1.1 and 2.1 μg/ml against MIA PaCa-2 and PANC-1 cells, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Muthee Gakuubi
- Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovation (SIFBI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kuan Chieh Ching
- Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovation (SIFBI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Madhaiyan Munusamy
- Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovation (SIFBI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mario Wibowo
- Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovation (SIFBI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Zhao-Xun Liang
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yoganathan Kanagasundaram
- Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovation (SIFBI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Siew Bee Ng
- Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovation (SIFBI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
- *Correspondence: Siew Bee Ng,
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Liu N, Zhang N, Zhang S, Zhang L, Liu Q. Phloretin inhibited the pathogenicity and virulence factors against Candida albicans. Bioengineered 2021; 12:2420-2431. [PMID: 34167447 PMCID: PMC8806719 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.1933824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral candidiasis is one of the most common types of fungal infection caused by Candida albicans (C. albicans). The present study aims to investigate the antifungal effects of phloretin (a dihydrochalcone flavonoid) against the C. albicans pathogenicity. In this work, we treated C. albicans SC5314 with 37.28, 74.55, or 149.10 μg/mL (equivalent to 0.5×, 1× or 2× MIC) phloretin in vitro. Besides, we established a mice model of oral candidiasis by a sublingual infection of C. albicans suspension (1 × 107 colony-forming unit/mL), and mice were treated with phloretin (3.73 or 7.46 mg/mL, which were equivalent to 50× or 100× MIC) twice a day starting on day one post-infection. The results showed that the MIC of phloretin against C. albicans was 74.55 μg/mL. Phloretin exerted antifungal activity by inhibiting the biofilm formation and suppressing the yeast-to-hyphae transition upon the downregulation of hypha-associated genes including enhanced adherence to polystyrene 1, the extent of cell elongation gene 1, hyphal wall protein 1 gene, and agglutinin-like sequence gene 3. Next, phloretin repressed the secretion of proteases and phospholipases via reducing the expression of protease-encoding genes secreted aspartyl proteases (SAP)1 and SAP2, as well as phospholipase B1. Subsequently, the in vivo antifungal activity of phloretin was testified by the reverse of the enhanced lesion severity, inflammatory infiltration, and the increased colony-forming unit counts caused by C. albicans of tongue tissues in oral candidiasis mice. In conclusion, phloretin suppressed the pathogenicity and virulence factors against C. albicans both in vivo and in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Liu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Hebei Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, P.R. China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, The Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, P.R. China
| | - Shengrong Zhang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Hebei Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, P.R. China
| | - Lifang Zhang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Hebei Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, P.R. China
| | - Qing Liu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Hebei Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, P.R. China
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Atriwal T, Azeem K, Husain FM, Hussain A, Khan MN, Alajmi MF, Abid M. Mechanistic Understanding of Candida albicans Biofilm Formation and Approaches for Its Inhibition. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:638609. [PMID: 33995297 PMCID: PMC8121174 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.638609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the demand for novel antifungal therapies has increased several- folds due to its potential to treat severe biofilm-associated infections. Biofilms are made by the sessile microorganisms attached to the abiotic or biotic surfaces, enclosed in a matrix of exopolymeric substances. This results in new phenotypic characteristics and intrinsic resistance from both host immune response and antimicrobial drugs. Candida albicans biofilm is a complex association of hyphal cells that are associated with both abiotic and animal tissues. It is an invasive fungal infection and acts as an important virulent factor. The challenges linked with biofilm-associated diseases have urged scientists to uncover the factors responsible for the formation and maturation of biofilm. Several strategies have been developed that could be adopted to eradicate biofilm-associated infections. This article presents an overview of the role of C. albicans biofilm in its pathogenicity, challenges it poses and threats associated with its formation. Further, it discusses strategies that are currently available or under development targeting prostaglandins, quorum-sensing, changing surface properties of biomedical devices, natural scaffolds, and small molecule-based chemical approaches to combat the threat of C. albicans biofilm. This review also highlights the recent developments in finding ways to increase the penetration of drugs into the extracellular matrix of biofilm using different nanomaterials against C. albicans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanu Atriwal
- Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Kashish Azeem
- Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Fohad Mabood Husain
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agriculture Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Afzal Hussain
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammed Nadeem Khan
- Department of Tashreehul Badan, Faculty of Unani Medicine, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Mohamed F Alajmi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Abid
- Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
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Han P, Zhang X, Xu D, Zhang B, Lai D, Zhou L. Metabolites from Clonostachys Fungi and Their Biological Activities. J Fungi (Basel) 2020; 6:E229. [PMID: 33081356 PMCID: PMC7712584 DOI: 10.3390/jof6040229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Clonostachys (teleomorph: Bionectria) fungi are well known to produce a variety of secondary metabolites with various biological activities to show their pharmaceutical and agrochemical applications. Up to now, at least 229 secondary metabolites, mainly including 84 nitrogen-containing metabolites, 85 polyketides, 40 terpenoids, and 20 other metabolites, have been reported. Many of these compounds exhibit biological activities, such as cytotoxic, antimicrobial, antileishmanial, antimalarial activities. This mini-review aims to summarize the diversity of the secondary metabolites as well as their occurrences in Clonostachys fungi and biological activities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Ligang Zhou
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (P.H.); (X.Z.); (D.X.); (B.Z.); (D.L.)
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Understanding the Biosynthetic Changes that Give Origin to the Distinctive Flavor of Sotol: Microbial Identification and Analysis of the Volatile Metabolites Profiles During Sotol ( Dasylirion sp.) Must Fermentation. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10071063. [PMID: 32708695 PMCID: PMC7408159 DOI: 10.3390/biom10071063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
In northern Mexico, the distilled spirit sotol with a denomination of origin is made from species of Dasylirion. The configuration of the volatile metabolites produced during the spontaneous fermentation of Dasylirion sp. must is insufficiently understood. In this study, the aim was to investigate the composition of the microbial consortia, describe the variation of volatile metabolites, and relate such profiles with their particular flavor attributes during the fermentation of sotol (Dasylirion sp.) must. Ascomycota was the phylum of most strains identified with 75% of total abundance. The genus of fermenting yeasts constituted of 101 Pichia strains and 13 Saccharomyces strains. A total of 57 volatile metabolites were identified and grouped into ten classes. The first stage of fermentation was composed of diesel, green, fruity, and cheesy attributes due to butyl 2-methylpropanoate, octan-1-ol, ethyl octanoate, and butanal, respectively, followed by a variation to pungent and sweet descriptors due to 3-methylbutan-1-ol and butyl 2-methylpropanoate. The final stage was described by floral, ethereal-winey, and vinegar attributes related to ethyl ethanimidate, 2-methylpropan-1-ol, and 2-hydroxyacetic acid. Our results improve the knowledge of the variations of volatile metabolites during the fermentation of sotol must and their contribution to its distinctive flavor.
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Condren AR, Costa MS, Sanchez NR, Konkapaka S, Gallik KL, Saxena A, Murphy BT, Sanchez LM. Addition of insoluble fiber to isolation media allows for increased metabolite diversity of lab-cultivable microbes derived from zebrafish gut samples. Gut Microbes 2020; 11:1064-1076. [PMID: 32202200 PMCID: PMC7524352 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2020.1740073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a gap in measured microbial diversity when comparing genomic sequencing techniques versus cultivation from environmental samples in a laboratory setting. Standardized methods in artificial environments may not recapitulate the environmental conditions that native microbes require for optimal growth. For example, the intestinal tract houses microbes at various pH values as well as minimal oxygen and light environments. These microbes are also exposed to an atypical source of carbon: dietary fiber compacted in fecal matter. To investigate how the addition of insoluble fiber to isolation media could affect the cultivation of microbes from zebrafish intestines, an isolate library was built and analyzed using the bioinformatics pipeline IDBac. While all isolation media encouraged the growth of species from several phyla, the extent of growth was greater with the addition of fiber allowing for easier isolation. Furthermore, fiber addition altered the metabolism of the cultivated gut-derived microbes and induced the production of unique metabolites that were not produced when microbes were otherwise grown on standard isolation media. Addition of this inexpensive carbon source to the media supported the cultivation of a diverse community whose secondary metabolite production may more closely replicate their metabolite production in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alanna R. Condren
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Maria S Costa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA,Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Natalia Rivera Sanchez
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sindhu Konkapaka
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Kristin L Gallik
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ankur Saxena
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Brian T Murphy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Laura M Sanchez
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA,CONTACT Laura M Sanchez Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL60612, USA
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Kil YS, Risinger AL, Petersen CL, Mooberry SL, Cichewicz RH. Leucinostatins from Ophiocordyceps spp. and Purpureocillium spp. Demonstrate Selective Antiproliferative Effects in Cells Representing the Luminal Androgen Receptor Subtype of Triple Negative Breast Cancer. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2020; 83:2010-2024. [PMID: 32510949 PMCID: PMC7704123 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.0c00404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The structures of four leucinostatin analogues (1-4) from Ophiocordyceps spp. and Purpureocillium spp. were determined together with six known leucinostatins [leucinostatins B (5), A (6), B2 (7), A2 (8), F (9), and D (10)]. The structures of the metabolites were established using a combination of analytical methods including HRESIMS and MS/MS experiments, 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy, chiral HPLC, and advanced Marfey's analysis of the acid hydrolysate, as well as additional empirical and chemical methods. Compounds 1-10 were evaluated for their biological effects on triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells. Leucinostatins 1-10 showed selective cytostatic activities in MDA-MB-453 and SUM185PE cells representing the luminal androgen receptor subtype of TNBC. This selective activity motivated further investigation into the mechanism of action of leucinostatin B (5). The results demonstrate that this peptidic fungal metabolite rapidly inhibits mTORC1 signaling in leucinostatin-sensitive TNBC cell lines, but not in leucinostatin-resistant cells. Leucinostatins have been shown to repress mitochondrial respiration through inhibition of the ATP synthase, and we demonstrated that both the mTORC1 signaling and LAR-selective activities of 5 were recapitulated by oligomycin. Thus, inhibition of the ATP synthase with either leucinostatin B or oligomycin is sufficient to selectively impede mTORC1 signaling and inhibit the growth of LAR-subtype cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Seo Kil
- Natural Products Discovery Group, Institute for Natural Products Applications and Research Technologies, Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Stephenson Life Science Research Center, University of Oklahoma, 102 Stephenson Parkway, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, United States
| | - April L. Risinger
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, 78229, United States
- Mays Cancer Center, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, 78229, United States
| | - Cora L. Petersen
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, 78229, United States
| | - Susan L. Mooberry
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, 78229, United States
- Mays Cancer Center, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, 78229, United States
- Corresponding Author: Tel: 210-567-4788. Fax: 210-567-4300. ., Tel: 405-325-6969. Fax: 405-325-6111.
| | - Robert H. Cichewicz
- Natural Products Discovery Group, Institute for Natural Products Applications and Research Technologies, Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Stephenson Life Science Research Center, University of Oklahoma, 102 Stephenson Parkway, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, United States
- Corresponding Author: Tel: 210-567-4788. Fax: 210-567-4300. ., Tel: 405-325-6969. Fax: 405-325-6111.
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11
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Polyketide glycosides phialotides A to H, new potentiators of amphotericin B activity, produced by Pseudophialophora sp. BF-0158. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2020; 73:211-223. [DOI: 10.1038/s41429-019-0276-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Fabricating Ultra-Smooth Diamond-Like Carbon Film and Investigating its Antifungal and Antibiofilm Activity. JOURNAL OF BIOMIMETICS BIOMATERIALS AND BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING 2019. [DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/jbbbe.43.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Diamond like carbon (DLC) a carbon-based nanomaterial has been nominated as a potential solution to prevent the biofilm formation on indwelling medical devices such as dentures and heart valves.Candidaalbicansis an opportunistic fungal pathogen where biofilms are a part of its pathogenicity which primarily utilized indwelling medical devices as platform to build up the biofilm. In this work, DLC deposited on silicon substrate was prepared to accomplish the optimal characteristics for bio-coating material (roughness, purity, uniformity) and then evaluated for their ability to prevent or reduce the biofilm formation of pathogenicC.albicans(SC5314) under conditions mimicking human body. Optimized DLC was synthesized via chemical vapor deposition, and then the film was characterized by Raman spectroscopy, scan electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The potential biofilms on DLC, silicon substrate and positive control (polyvinyl chloride-PVC) were quantified via colorimetric cell viability assay (XTT); as intact and vortexed biofilms. The characteristics of formed biofilms were carried out using confocal scanning laser microscopy (CSLM) and scan electron microscope (SEM). The result showed that DLC was successfully deposited on the silicon substrate with a root mean square (RMS) roughness of 0.183± 0.09 nm. The biofilm efficaciously grown on all samples (DLC and positive control) with thickness of 46.8 ± 6.97 μm and 42.18 ± 4.65 μm, respectively. No topological and morphological changes have been observed by SEM on biofilm-DLC compared to PVC-biofilm. Moreover, all results indicated that the hydrophobicity and roughness of DLC appeared to support the attachment and the growth ofC.albicans.In conclusion , there is no privilege of utilizing DLC over PVC in term of reduction or inhibition ofC.albicansbiofilm formation at physiological conditions. Furthermore, this study may serve as an experimental model to evaluate the potential effect of nanomaterials coating on biofilm formation at conditions mimicking human’s body.
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In Vitro Antibiofilm Activity of Eucarobustol E against Candida albicans. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2017; 61:AAC.02707-16. [PMID: 28584159 DOI: 10.1128/aac.02707-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Formyl-phloroglucinol meroterpenoids (FPMs) are important types of natural products with various bioactivities. Our antifungal susceptibility assay showed that one of the Eucalyptus robusta-derived FPMs, eucarobustol E (EE), exerted a strong inhibitory effect against Candida albicans biofilms at a concentration of 16 μg/ml. EE was found to block the yeast-to-hypha transition and reduce the cellular surface hydrophobicity of the biofilm cells. RNA sequencing and real-time reverse transcription-PCR analysis showed that exposure to 16 μg/ml of EE resulted in marked reductions in the levels of expressions of genes involved in hyphal growth (EFG1, CPH1, TEC1, EED1, UME6, and HGC1) and cell surface protein genes (ALS3, HWP1, and SAP5). Interestingly, in response to EE, genes involved in ergosterol biosynthesis were downregulated, while the farnesol-encoding gene (DPP3) was upregulated, and these findings were in agreement with those from the quantification of ergosterol and farnesol. Combined with the obvious elevation of negative regulator genes (TUP1, NRG1), we speculated that EE's inhibition of carbon flow to ergosterol triggered the mechanisms of the negative regulation of hyphal growth and eventually led to biofilm inhibition.
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Zeng B, Li J, Wang Y, Chen P, Wang X, Cui J, Liu L, Hu X, Cao Q, Xiao Y, Dong J, Sun Y, Zhou Y. In vitro and in vivo effects of suloctidil on growth and biofilm formation of the opportunistic fungus Candida albicans. Oncotarget 2017; 8:69972-69982. [PMID: 29050256 PMCID: PMC5642531 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
As the most frequent fungal pathogen in humans, Candida albicans can develop serious drug resistance because its biofilms are resistant to most antifungal agents; this leads to an urgent need to develop novel antifungals. Here, we evaluated the efficacy of an antithrombotic drug, suloctidil, against C. albicans biofilms in vitro and in vivo. We found that suloctidil is effective to inhibit C. albicans biofilm, with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC80) of 4 μg/mL, a biofilm inhibiting concentration (BIC80) of 16 μg/mL and a biofilm eradicating concentration (BEC80) of 64 μg/mL. Furthermore, the concentration-dependent characteristics of suloctidil were shown by its time-kill curves. Scanning electron microscopy images clearly revealed the morphological effects of suloctidil on biofilm. Yeast-to-hyphal form switching is a key virulence factor of C. albicans; therefore, we performed hyphal growth tests and observed that suloctidil inhibited yeast-to-hyphal form switching. This result was consistent with the down-regulation of hypha-specific gene (HWP1, ALS3, and ECE1) expression levels after suloctidil treatment. In vivo, 256 μg/mL of suloctidil significantly reduced fungal counts (P<0.01) compared to that in groups without treatment; the treatment group induced a slight histological reaction, especially when the treatment lasted for 5 days (P<0.01). Taken together, our data suggest that suloctidil is a potential antifungal agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beini Zeng
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiachen Li
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Yajie Wang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengxiang Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohong Wang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianfeng Cui
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Lidong Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyan Hu
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Cao
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Xiao
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Junlu Dong
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Yundong Sun
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Yabin Zhou
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, People's Republic of China
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Abstract
The high incidence and mortality of invasive fungal infections and serious drug resistance have become a global public health issue. The ability of fungal cells to form biofilms is an important reason for the emergence of severe resistance to most clinically available antifungal agents. Targeting fungal biofilm formation by small molecules represents a promising new strategy for the development of novel antifungal agents. This perspective will provide a comprehensive review of fungal biofilm inhibitors. In particular, discovery strategies, chemical structures, antibiofilm/antifungal activities, and structure-activity relationship studies will be discussed. Development of inhibitors to treat biofilm-related resistant fungal infections is a new yet clinically unexploited paradigm, and there is still a long way to go to clinical application. Better understanding of fungal biofilms in combination with systematic drug discovery efforts will pave the way for potential clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanchao Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University , 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University , 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Na Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University , 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoqiang Dong
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University , 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunquan Sheng
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University , 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
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16
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Lavey NP, Coker JA, Ruben EA, Duerfeldt AS. Sclerotiamide: The First Non-Peptide-Based Natural Product Activator of Bacterial Caseinolytic Protease P. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2016; 79:1193-1197. [PMID: 26967980 PMCID: PMC4841720 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.5b01091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Caseinolytic protease P (ClpP) maintains essential roles in bacterial homeostasis. As such, both the inhibition and activation of this enzyme result in bactericidal activity, making ClpP a promising target for antibacterial drug development. Herein, we report the results of a fluorescence-based screen of ∼450 structurally diverse fungal and bacterial secondary metabolites. Sclerotiamide (1), a paraherquamide-related indolinone, was identified as the first non-peptide-based natural product activator of ClpP. Structure-activity relationships arising from the initial screen, preliminary biochemical evaluation of 1, and rationale for the exploitation of this chemotype to develop novel ClpP activators are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan P. Lavey
- Institute for Natural Products Applications and Research Technologies, University of Oklahoma, 101 Stephenson Parkway, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, United States
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Stephenson Life Sciences Research Center, University of Oklahoma, 101 Stephenson Parkway, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, United States
| | - Jesse A. Coker
- Institute for Natural Products Applications and Research Technologies, University of Oklahoma, 101 Stephenson Parkway, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, United States
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Stephenson Life Sciences Research Center, University of Oklahoma, 101 Stephenson Parkway, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, United States
| | - Eliza A. Ruben
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Stephenson Life Sciences Research Center, University of Oklahoma, 101 Stephenson Parkway, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, United States
- Protein Production Core, University of Oklahoma COBRE in Structural Biology, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, United States
| | - Adam S. Duerfeldt
- Institute for Natural Products Applications and Research Technologies, University of Oklahoma, 101 Stephenson Parkway, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, United States
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Stephenson Life Sciences Research Center, University of Oklahoma, 101 Stephenson Parkway, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, United States
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Natural Sources as Innovative Solutions Against Fungal Biofilms. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2016; 931:105-25. [PMID: 27115410 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2016_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Fungal cells are capable of adhering to biotic and abiotic surfaces and form biofilms containing one or more microbial species that are microbial reservoirs. These biofilms may cause chronic and acute infections. Fungal biofilms related to medical devices are particularly responsible for serious infections such as candidemia. Nowadays, only a few therapeutic agents have demonstrated activities against fungal biofilms in vitro and/or in vivo. So the discovery of new anti-biofilm molecules is definitely needed. In this context, biodiversity is a large source of original active compounds including some that have already proven effective in therapies such as antimicrobial compounds (antibacterial or antifungal agents). Bioactive metabolites from natural sources, useful for developing new anti-biofilm drugs, are of interest. In this chapter, the role of molecules isolated from plants, lichens, algae, microorganisms, or from animal or human origin in inhibition and/or dispersion of fungal biofilms (especially Candida and Aspergillus biofilms) is discussed. Some essential oils, phenolic compounds, saponins, peptides and proteins and alkaloids could be of particular interest in fighting fungal biofilms.
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Li TX, Yang MH, Wang XB, Wang Y, Kong LY. Synergistic Antifungal Meroterpenes and Dioxolanone Derivatives from the Endophytic Fungus Guignardia sp. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2015; 78:2511-2520. [PMID: 26577190 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.5b00008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Nine new meroterpenes (1-9) and one new dioxolanone derivative (10), along with seven known compounds (11-17), were isolated from solid cultures of the endophytic fungus Guignardia sp., obtained from Euphorbia sieboldiana. Their structures were elucidated by analysis of UV, IR, 1D and 2D NMR, and HRESIMS data, and their absolute configurations were determined by a combination of single-crystal X-ray studies, modified Mosher methods, and Rh2(OCOCF3)4- and Mo2(OCOCH3)4-induced electronic circular dichroism experiments. All compounds were evaluated for their inhibitory effects alone and with fluconazole on the growth and biofilms of Candida albicans. At 6.3 μg/mL combined with 0.031 μg/mL of fluconazole, compounds 8 and 16 were found to have prominent inhibition on the growth of C. albicans with fractional inhibitory concentration index values of 0.23 and 0.19, respectively. Combined with fluconazole, both of them (40 μg/mL for 8 and 20 μg/mL for 16) could also inhibit C. albicans biofilms and reverse the tolerance of C. albicans biofilms to fluconazole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Xiao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University , 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming-Hua Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University , 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Bing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University , 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University , 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling-Yi Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University , 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
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Kelman MJ, Renaud JB, Seifert KA, Mack J, Sivagnanam K, Yeung KKC, Sumarah MW. Identification of six new Alternaria sulfoconjugated metabolites by high-resolution neutral loss filtering. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2015; 29:1805-1810. [PMID: 26331931 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.7286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Revised: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 07/23/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Many species of Alternaria damage important agricultural crops, including small grains and tomatoes. These fungi can produce a variety of secondary metabolites, some of which are toxic to humans and animals. Interest in screening for conjugated or 'modified' mycotoxins has increased because of their tendency to evade traditional analytical screening methods. Two sulfoconjugated Alternaria toxins have been reported and the potential exists for many more. METHODS One hundred and forty-eight Canadian strains of Alternaria spp., about half of them isolated from grain, were grown on Potato Dextrose Agar in Petri dishes for 7 days. Plugs of each strain were removed, extracted and screened by a rapid liquid chromatography (LC)/data-dependent tandem mass spectrometry (MS(2)) method in negative electrospray ionization mode. Data generated on an Orbitrap Q-Exactive mass spectrometer was processed by post-acquisition neutral loss filtering (NLF). Seven isolates that produced sulfoconjugates of known Alternaria toxins were selected for growth on three additional types of fermentation media. RESULTS Collision-induced dissociation of sulfoconjugated ions displayed a distinctive neutral loss of SO3 (79.957 Da) that was detected in the MS(2) datasets using post-acquisition NLF. A total of 108 of the 148 isolates screened produced sulfoconjugated metabolites on agar plates. Analysis of the seven isolates grown in liquid culture, on rice and Cheerios, led to the discovery of six new, two previously reported and 30 unidentified sulfoconjugated compounds. CONCLUSIONS NLF of HRMS(2) data from an Orbitrap Q-Exactive is a powerful tool for the rapid discovery of sulfoconjugated fungal metabolites. This technique could also be applied to the detection of other important conjugated mycotoxins such as glucosides. The majority of the Canadian isolates of Alternaria spp. studied produced sulfoconjugated metabolites, some of which had no known 'free' Alternaria precursor metabolite, indicating that they are possibly new metabolites. The advantage of sulfoconjugation to Alternaria spp. is unknown, and warrants further study into the mechanisms behind the sulfur assimilatory pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan J Kelman
- Southern Crop Protection and Food Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London, ON, N5V 4T3, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Justin B Renaud
- Southern Crop Protection and Food Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London, ON, N5V 4T3, Canada
| | - Keith A Seifert
- Eastern Cereal and Oilseed Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0C6, Canada
| | - Jonathan Mack
- Eastern Cereal and Oilseed Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0C6, Canada
| | - Kumaran Sivagnanam
- Canadian Grain Commission, Grain Research Laboratory, Winnipeg, MB, R3C 3G8, Canada
| | - Ken K-C Yeung
- Department of Chemistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 5B7, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Mark W Sumarah
- Southern Crop Protection and Food Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London, ON, N5V 4T3, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 5B7, Canada
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20
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Wang B, Park EM, King JB, Mattes AO, Nimmo SL, Clendinen C, Edison AS, Anklin C, Cichewicz RH. Transferring Fungi to a Deuterium-Enriched Medium Results in Assorted, Conditional Changes in Secondary Metabolite Production. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2015; 78:1415-1421. [PMID: 26061478 PMCID: PMC7676450 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.5b00337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Deuterium is one of the few stable isotopes that have the capacity to significantly alter a compound's chemical and biological properties. The addition of a single neutron to a protium atom results in the near doubling of its mass, which gives rise to deuterium's characteristic isotope effects. Since the incorporation of deuterium into organic substrates is known to alter enzyme/protein-substrate interactions, we tested the extent to which deuterium enrichment would modify fungal secondary metabolite production. Several fungal cultures were tested, and in all cases their secondary metabolomes were marked by changes in natural product production. Workup of one Aspergillus sp. grown under deuterium-enrichment conditions resulted in the production of several secondary metabolites not previously detected from the fungus. Bioassay testing revealed that in comparison to the inactive crude fungal extract derived from growing the fungus under non-deuterium-enriched conditions, an extract derived from the same isolate cultured in a deuterium-enriched medium inhibited methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Using an assortment of NMR and mass spectrometry experiments, we were able to identify the bacterial inhibitor as an isotope-labeled version of pigmentosin A (6). Five additional isotopically labeled metabolites were also obtained from the fungus including brevianamide F (1), stephacidin A (2), notoamide D (3), notoamide L (4), and notoamide C (5). Given the assorted changes observed in the secondary metabolite profiles of this and other fungi grown in deuterium-enriched environments, as well as the fact that 1 and 3-6 had not been previously observed from the Aspergillus sp. isolate used in this study, we propose that deuterium enrichment might offer an effective method for further expanding a fungus's chemical diversity potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wang
- Natural Product Discovery Group, Institute for Natural Products Applications and Research Technologies, University of Oklahoma, 101 Stephenson Parkway, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, United States
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Stephenson Life Science Research Center, University of Oklahoma, 101 Stephenson Parkway, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, United States
| | - Elizabeth M. Park
- Natural Product Discovery Group, Institute for Natural Products Applications and Research Technologies, University of Oklahoma, 101 Stephenson Parkway, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, United States
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Stephenson Life Science Research Center, University of Oklahoma, 101 Stephenson Parkway, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, United States
| | - Jarrod B. King
- Natural Product Discovery Group, Institute for Natural Products Applications and Research Technologies, University of Oklahoma, 101 Stephenson Parkway, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, United States
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Stephenson Life Science Research Center, University of Oklahoma, 101 Stephenson Parkway, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, United States
| | - Allison O. Mattes
- Natural Product Discovery Group, Institute for Natural Products Applications and Research Technologies, University of Oklahoma, 101 Stephenson Parkway, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, United States
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Stephenson Life Science Research Center, University of Oklahoma, 101 Stephenson Parkway, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, United States
| | - Susan L. Nimmo
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Stephenson Life Science Research Center, University of Oklahoma, 101 Stephenson Parkway, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, United States
| | - Chaevien Clendinen
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
| | - Arthur S. Edison
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
| | - Clemens Anklin
- NMR Applications Support, Bruker Biospin Corporation, 15 Fortune Drive, Billerica, Massachusetts 01821, United States
| | - Robert H. Cichewicz
- Natural Product Discovery Group, Institute for Natural Products Applications and Research Technologies, University of Oklahoma, 101 Stephenson Parkway, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, United States
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Stephenson Life Science Research Center, University of Oklahoma, 101 Stephenson Parkway, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, United States
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