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Desimoni G, Faita G, Quadrelli P. Forty Years after “Heterodiene Syntheses with α,β-Unsaturated Carbonyl Compounds”: Enantioselective Syntheses of 3,4-Dihydropyran Derivatives. Chem Rev 2018; 118:2080-2248. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Desimoni
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 10, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Faita
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 10, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Paolo Quadrelli
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 10, 27100 Pavia, Italy
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2
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Affiliation(s)
- You Yang
- Shanghai
Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Biao Yu
- State
Key Laboratory of Bio-organic and Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai
Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
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3
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Synthesis of the ABCDEF and FGHI ring system of yessotoxin and adriatoxin. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2016; 69:259-72. [PMID: 26956788 PMCID: PMC4898783 DOI: 10.1038/ja.2016.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Revised: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Yessotoxin and adriatoxin are members of the polycyclic ether family of marine natural products. Outlined in this article is our synthetic approach to two subunits of these targets. Central to our strategy is a coupling sequence that employs an olefinic-ester cyclization reaction. As outlined, this sequence was used in two coupling sequences. First it was used to merge the A,B- and E,F-bicyclic precursors and in the process generate the C, D-rings. Second it was used to couple the F- and I-rings while building the eight-membered G-ring and subsequently the H-ring pyran.
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4
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Affiliation(s)
- Kylie A. Agnew‐Francis
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences The University of Queensland Brisbane, Queensland Australia 4072
| | - Craig M. Williams
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences The University of Queensland Brisbane, Queensland Australia 4072
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Indium-mediated regioselective mono-allylation of 1,5-dicarbonyl compounds and dehydrative cyclization to 2,3-dihydro-4H-pyran-4-ones and 3,4-dihydro-2H-[1,4]oxazines. Tetrahedron Lett 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2012.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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6
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Lian Z, Zhao QY, Wei Y, Shi M. DABCO-Mediated [4+2] Annulation of But-3-yn-2-one and Activated Ketones: Facile Preparation of 2,3-Dihydropyran-4-one. European J Org Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201200264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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7
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Indukuri K, Bondalapati S, Sultana S, Saikia AK. Synthesis of 2,3-dihydro-4-pyranones from epoxides via intermolecular [4+2] cycloaddition reaction. RSC Adv 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ra21468g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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8
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Abstract
Maitotoxin holds a special place in the annals of natural products chemistry as the largest and most toxic secondary metabolite known to date. Its fascinating, ladder-like, polyether molecular structure and diverse spectrum of biological activities elicited keen interest from chemists and biologists who recognized its uniqueness and potential as a probe and inspiration for research in chemistry and biology. Synthetic studies in the area benefited from methodologies and strategies that were developed as part of chemical synthesis programs directed toward the total synthesis of some of the less complex members of the polyether marine biotoxin class, of which maitotoxin is the flagship. This account focuses on progress made in the authors' laboratories in the synthesis of large maitotoxin domains with emphasis on methodology development, strategy design, and structural comparisons of the synthesized molecules with the corresponding regions of the natural product. The article concludes with an overview of maitotoxin's biological profile and future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. C. Nicolaou
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037 (USA), Fax: (+1) 858-784-2469, and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093 (USA)
| | - Robert J. Aversa
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037 (USA), Fax: (+1) 858-784-2469, and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093 (USA)
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9
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Nicolaou KC, Baker TM, Nakamura T. Synthesis of the WXYZA' domain of maitotoxin. J Am Chem Soc 2010; 133:220-6. [PMID: 21166430 DOI: 10.1021/ja109533y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A synthesis of the WXYZA' domain (7) of the marine neurotoxin maitotoxin (1) is reported. The convergent synthetic strategy involves construction of key building blocks 11 and 12, their coupling, and the elaboration of the resulting ester (10) to the target molecule through a ring-closing metathesis and a hydroxy dithioketal cyclization as the key steps. For the construction of fragment 11, the Noyori reduction/Achmatowicz rearrangement and hydroxy epoxide opening technologies were applied (starting from furfuryl alcohol (13)), whereas for the synthesis of fragment 12, a carbohydrate-based approach was adopted (starting from 2-deoxy-D-ribose (14)). The synthesized WXYZA' domain (7) of maitotoxin (1) exhibited the expected (13)C NMR chemical shifts, supporting the originally assigned structure of the corresponding region of the natural product.
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Affiliation(s)
- K C Nicolaou
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States.
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10
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Fuwa H. Total Synthesis of Structurally Complex Marine Oxacyclic Natural Products. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2010. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20100209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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11
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12
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Ahmad Khera R, Ahmad R, Ullah I, Abid OUR, Fatunsin O, Sher M, Villinger A, Langer P. Cyclization vs. Elimination Reactions of 5-Aryl-5-hydroxy 1,3-Diones: One-Pot Synthesis of 2-Aryl-2,3-dihydro-4H-pyran-4-ones. Helv Chim Acta 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.201000015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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13
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Synthesis of fluorinated 2,3-dihydropyran-4-ones by cyclocondensation of 1,3-dicarbonyl dianions with aldehydes. J Fluor Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2010.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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14
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Ahmad R, Khera RA, Villinger A, Langer P. One-pot synthesis of 6-aryl-2,3-dihydro-4H-pyran-4-ones by cyclocondensation of 1,3-diketone dianions with aldehydes. Tetrahedron Lett 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2009.03.189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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16
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17
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Ouyang Y, Huang J, Pan W, Liang Y, Yang Y, Dong D. [4+2] Annulation - Convenient Synthesis of Substituted Dihydropyranones in Aqueous Media. European J Org Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200801257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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18
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Abstract
The last one hundred years have witnessed a dramatic increase in the power and reach of total synthesis. The pantheon of accomplishments in the field includes the total synthesis of molecules of unimaginable beauty and diversity such as the four discussed in this article: endiandric acids (1982), calicheamicin gamma(1)(I) (1992), Taxol (1994), and brevetoxin B (1995). Chosen from the collection of the molecules synthesized in the author's laboratories, these structures are but a small fraction of the myriad constructed in laboratories around the world over the last century. Their stories, and the background on which they were based, should serve to trace the evolution of the art of chemical synthesis to its present sharp condition, an emergence that occurred as a result of new theories and mechanistic insights, new reactions, new reagents and catalysts, and new synthetic technologies and strategies. Indeed, the advent of chemical synthesis as a whole must be considered as one of the most influential developments of the twentieth century in terms of its impact on society.
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Affiliation(s)
- K C Nicolaou
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA.
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Saito T, Nakata T. Stereoselective Synthesis of trans-Fused 7,6,6,7-Membered Tetracyclic Ether, Corresponding to the EFGH-Ring of Gambierol and the BCDE-Ring of Gambieric Acids. Org Lett 2008; 11:113-6. [DOI: 10.1021/ol8024555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuo Saito
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
| | - Tadashi Nakata
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
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20
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Osei Akoto C, Rainier J. Harnessing Glycal-Epoxide Rearrangements: The Generation of the AB, EF, and IJ Rings of Adriatoxin. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200803791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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21
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Nicolaou K, Frederick M, Aversa R. Die Entdeckung und Synthese von marinen Polyethern. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200801696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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22
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Sasaki M, Fuwa H. Convergent strategies for the total synthesis of polycyclic ether marine metabolites. Nat Prod Rep 2008; 25:401-26. [PMID: 18389143 DOI: 10.1039/b705664h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Marine polycyclic ether natural products continue to fascinate chemists and biologists due to their exceptionally large and complex molecular architectures and potent and diverse biological activities. Tremendous progress has been made over the past decade toward the total synthesis of marine polycyclic ether natural products. In this area, a convergent strategy for assembling small fragments into an entire molecule always plays a key role in successful total synthesis. This review describes our efforts to develop convergent strategies for the synthesis of polycyclic ethers and their application to the total synthesis of gambierol, gymnocin-A, and brevenal, and to the partial synthesis of the central part of ciguatoxins and the nonacyclic polyether skeleton of gambieric acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Sasaki
- Laboratory of Biostructural Chemistry, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, 1-1 Tsutsumidori-amamiya, Aoba-ku, Sendai 981-8555, Japan.
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Abstract
The unprecedented structure of the marine natural product brevetoxin B was elucidated by the research group of Nakanishi and Clardy in 1981. The ladderlike molecular architecture of this fused polyether molecule, its potent toxicity, and fascinating voltage-sensitive sodium channel based mechanism of action immediately captured the imagination of synthetic chemists. Synthetic endeavors resulted in numerous new methods and strategies for the construction of cyclic ethers, and culminated in several impressive total syntheses of this molecule and some of its equally challenging siblings. Of the marine polyethers, maitotoxin is not only the most complex and most toxic of the class, but is also the largest nonpolymeric natural product known to date. This Review begins with a brief history of the isolation of these biotoxins and highlights their biological properties and mechanism of action. Chemical syntheses are then described, with particular emphasis on new methods developed and applied to the total syntheses. The Review ends with a discussion of the, as yet unfinished, story of maitotoxin, and projects into the future of this area of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- K C Nicolaou
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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24
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Akoto CO, Rainier JD. Harnessing glycal-epoxide rearrangements: the generation of the AB, EF, and IJ rings of adriatoxin. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008; 47:8055-8. [PMID: 18785198 PMCID: PMC2597071 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200803791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Clement Osei Akoto
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
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25
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26
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Abstract
With the exception of palladium-catalyzed cross-couplings, no other group of reactions has had such a profound impact on the formation of carbon-carbon bonds and the art of total synthesis in the last quarter of a century than the metathesis reactions of olefins, enynes, and alkynes. Herein, we highlight a number of selected examples of total syntheses in which such processes played a crucial role and which imparted to these endeavors certain elements of novelty, elegance, and efficiency. Judging from their short but impressive history, the influence of these reactions in chemical synthesis is destined to increase.
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Affiliation(s)
- K C Nicolaou
- Department of Chemistry and Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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27
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Orendt AM, Roberts SW, Rainier JD. The Role of Asynchronous Bond Formation in the Diastereoselective Epoxidation of Cyclic Enol Ethers: A Density Functional Theory Study. J Org Chem 2006; 71:5565-73. [PMID: 16839135 DOI: 10.1021/jo060502g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Density functional theory (DFT) (Becke3LYP functional and the D95 basis set) was used to study the influence of substitution on the dimethyldioxirane epoxidation reaction of six- and seven-membered cyclic enol ethers. In agreement with our previously reported experimental results, the calculations predict that substitution on the cyclic enol ether influences the level of diastereoselectivity. Apparent only from the calculations is that the degree of synchronicity in the transition state is important in the diastereoselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita M Orendt
- Department of Chemistry, 315 South 1400 East, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112-0850, USA.
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28
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Gao B, Yu Z, Fu Z, Feng X. A convenient and versatile approach to 2,3-dihydro-4H-pyran-4-ones via tandem aldol reaction-conjugate addition. Tetrahedron Lett 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2006.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Abstract
The preceding manuscript detailed our synthesis of the gambierol A-C and F-H ring precursors. Reported herein is a description of the coupling of the two precursors and the conversion of the coupled material into gambierol. Coupling of the subunits involved ester formation, enol ether RCM, and mixed thioketal formation and reduction. By employing this strategy we were able to bring highly advanced subunits into the coupling and, as a result, we were able to minimize the number of post-coupling transformations required to complete gambierol. At the completion of the synthesis, we generated 7.5 mg (1.5 % overall yield) of (-)-gambierol in 44 steps (longest linear sequence).
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry W B Johnson
- University of Utah, Department of Chemistry, 315 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA
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30
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Majumder U, Cox JM, Johnson HWB, Rainier JD. Total Synthesis of Gambierol: The Generation of the A–C and F–H Subunits by Using a C-Glycoside Centered Strategy. Chemistry 2006; 12:1736-46. [PMID: 16331718 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200500993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Gambierol, a representative of the marine ladder toxin family, consists of eight ether rings, 18 stereocenters, and two challenging pyranyl rings having methyl groups that are in a 1,3-diaxial orientation to one another. Herein we describe the generation of gambierol's A-C and F-H ring systems and demonstrate the versatility of the glycosyl anhydride, enol ether-olefin RCM strategy to fused polycyclic ethers. This work has both enabled us to generate sufficient quantities of the gambierol precursors and has enabled us to better understand the chemical transformations that were key to these efforts. Fundamental work included efforts to C-glycosides and C-ketosides, Claisen rearrangements, and enol ether-olefin RCM reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Utpal Majumder
- University of Utah, Department of Chemistry, 315 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA
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31
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Berkessel A, Ertürk E, Laporte C. Chiral Chromium(III) Porphyrins as Highly Enantioselective Catalysts for Hetero-Diels–Alder Reactions Between Aldehydes and Dienes. Adv Synth Catal 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.200505249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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32
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayuki Inoue
- Department of Chemistry and Research and Analytical Center for Giant Molecules, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.
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33
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadashi Nakata
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo University of Science, Shinjuku-ku, Japan.
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34
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Majumder U, Rainier JD. Olefinic-ester cyclizations using Takai–Utimoto reduced titanium alkylidenes. Tetrahedron Lett 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2005.08.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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35
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van Otterlo WA, Ngidi EL, Kuzvidza S, Morgans GL, Moleele SS, de Koning CB. Ring-closing metathesis for the synthesis of 2H- and 4H-chromenes. Tetrahedron 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2005.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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36
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Gao B, Fu Z, Yu Z, Yu L, Huang Y, Feng X. Highly enantioselective hetero-Diels–Alder reaction between trans-1-methoxy-2-methyl-3-trimethylsiloxybuta-1,3-diene and aldehydes catalyzed by (R)-BINOL–Ti(IV) complex. Tetrahedron 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2005.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Abstract
This communication describes the total synthesis of the marine polyether toxin, gambierol. This work couples our iterative C-glycoside/enol ether-olefin metathesis strategy to the subunits with a unique olefin metathesis/carbonyl olefination reaction to bring the subunits together.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry W B Johnson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA
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39
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Doyle MP, Valenzuela M, Huang P. Asymmetric hetero-Diels-Alder reaction catalyzed by dirhodium(II) carboxamidates. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2004; 101:5391-5. [PMID: 15060277 PMCID: PMC397391 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0307025101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2003] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Chiral dirhodium(II) carboxamidates are highly efficient catalysts for reactions between a variety of aldehydes and activated dienes. Catalyst loadings as low at 0.01 mol % have been realized with enantioselectivities up to 97%. Kinetic investigations reveal a pronounced electronic influence on the rate of the hetero-Diels-Alder reaction with a Hammett rho value of +1.9 (versus sigma(+)). Inhibition of the catalyst by reactant aldehyde is apparent, but reactions show first-order dependence on aldehyde and diene, and there is a variable dependence on catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael P Doyle
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
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40
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Fuwa H, Kainuma N, Satake M, Sasaki M. Synthesis and biological evaluation of gambierol analogues. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2003; 13:2519-22. [PMID: 12852956 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(03)00467-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Gambierol is a polycyclic ether toxin, isolated as a toxic constituent from the marine dinoflagellate Gambierdiscus toxicus. We describe here the synthesis and biological evaluation of structural analogues of gambierol. The present preliminary structure-activity relationship studies clearly indicate that the H ring functionality and the unsaturated side chain of gambierol are crucial for its potent toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruhiko Fuwa
- Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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41
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Efficient strategy for convergent synthesis of trans-fused polycyclic ethers based on an intramolecular SmI2-promoted cyclization of iodo ester. Tetrahedron Lett 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(03)01277-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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42
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Majumder U, Cox JM, Rainier JD. Synthesis of an F-H gambierol subunit using a C-glycoside-centered strategy. Org Lett 2003; 5:913-6. [PMID: 12633104 DOI: 10.1021/ol034100w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
[structure: see text] This manuscript describes our synthesis of the F-H subunit of gambierol. In addition to the synthesis of the tricycle, of note is an interesting protecting group influence on the generation of a C(23) C-glycoside as well as the use of ring-closing metathesis to generate a tetrasubstituted enol ether.
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Affiliation(s)
- Utpal Majumder
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA
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43
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Abstract
The first total synthesis of (-)-gambierol (1), a marine polycyclic ether toxin, has been achieved. Key features of the successful synthesis include (1) a convergent union of the ABC and EFGH ring fragments (5 and 6, respectively) via our developed B-alkyl Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling strategy leading to the octacyclic polyether core 4 and (2) a late-stage introduction of the sensitive triene side chain by use of Pd(PPh(3))(4)/CuCl/LiCl-promoted Stille coupling. The ABC ring fragment 5 was synthesized in a linear manner (B --> AB --> ABC), wherein the A ring was formed by intramolecular hetero-Michael reaction and the C ring was constructed via 6-endo cyclization of hydroxy epoxide 7. An improved synthetic entry to the EFGH ring fragment 6 is also described, in which SmI(2)-induced reductive cyclization methodology was applied to the stereoselective construction of the F and H rings, leading to 6 with remarkable overall efficiency. Stereoselective hydroboration of 5 and subsequent Suzuki-Miyaura coupling with 6 provided endocyclic enol ether 45 in high yield, which was then converted to octacyclic polyether core 4. Careful choice of the global deprotection stage was a key element for the successful total synthesis. Functionalization of the H ring and global desilylation gave (Z)-vinyl bromide 2. Finally, cross-coupling of 2 with (Z)-vinyl stannane 3 under Corey's Pd(PPh(3))(4)/CuCl/LiCl-promoted Stille conditions completed the total synthesis of (-)-gambierol (1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruhiko Fuwa
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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Marmsäter FP, Vanecko JA, West F. Cyclic oxonium ylides: building blocks for iterative synthesis of polycyclic ethers. Tetrahedron 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(02)00051-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Kadota I, Kadowaki C, Park CH, Takamura H, Sato K, Chan PW, Thorand S, Yamamoto Y. Syntheses of the AB and EFGH ring segments of gambierol. Tetrahedron 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(02)00039-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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