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Recent Advances in Application of Amino Acids: Key Building Blocks in Design and Syntheses of Heterocyclic Compounds. ADVANCES IN HETEROCYCLIC CHEMISTRY 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.aihch.2015.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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2
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Liu H, Yang Z, Pan Z. Synthesis of Highly Substituted Imidazolidine-2,4-dione (Hydantoin) through Tf2O-Mediated Dual Activation of Boc-Protected Dipeptidyl Compounds. Org Lett 2014; 16:5902-5. [DOI: 10.1021/ol502900j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Liu
- Laboratory of Chemical Genomics,
Laboratory of Structural Biology, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Graduate School of Peking University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Zhimin Yang
- Laboratory of Chemical Genomics,
Laboratory of Structural Biology, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Graduate School of Peking University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Zhengying Pan
- Laboratory of Chemical Genomics,
Laboratory of Structural Biology, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Graduate School of Peking University, Shenzhen 518055, China
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3
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SAFARI J, JAVADIAN L. Montmorillonite K-10 as a catalyst in the synthesis of 5, 5-disubstituted hydantoins under ultrasound irradiation. J CHEM SCI 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s12039-013-0427-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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4
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Boston
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5
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An efficient synthesis of perfluoroalkenylated aryl compounds via Pincer-Pd catalyzed Heck couplings. J Fluor Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2012.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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6
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Novel and efficient protocol for the syntheses of N-1 substituted thiohydantoin and a bicyclothiohydantoin under solvent-free conditions. Tetrahedron Lett 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2012.02.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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7
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Kumar V, Rana H, Sankolli R, Kaushik M. Highly efficient dialkylphosphate-mediated syntheses of hydantoins and a bicyclohydantoin under solvent-free conditions. Tetrahedron Lett 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2011.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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8
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Miura T, Mikano Y, Murakami M. Nickel-Catalyzed Synthesis of 1,3,5-Trisubstituted Hydantoins from Acrylates and Isocyanates. Org Lett 2011; 13:3560-3. [DOI: 10.1021/ol200957y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomoya Miura
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Kyoto University, Katsura, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Yusuke Mikano
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Kyoto University, Katsura, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Masahiro Murakami
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Kyoto University, Katsura, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
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9
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Gong YD, Lee T. Combinatorial Syntheses of Five-Membered Ring Heterocycles Using Carbon Disulfide and a Solid Support. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 12:393-409. [DOI: 10.1021/cc100049u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Young-Dae Gong
- Innovative Drug Library Research Center, Department of Chemistry, Dongguk University-Seoul, 26 Pildong 3-ga, Jung-gu, Seoul 100-715, Korea, and Center for High Throughput Synthesis Platform Technology, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, P.O. Box 107, Singseongno, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-600, Korea
| | - Taeho Lee
- Innovative Drug Library Research Center, Department of Chemistry, Dongguk University-Seoul, 26 Pildong 3-ga, Jung-gu, Seoul 100-715, Korea, and Center for High Throughput Synthesis Platform Technology, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, P.O. Box 107, Singseongno, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-600, Korea
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10
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Kidwai M, Jahan A, Bhatnagar D. Polyethylene glycol as an efficient and reusable solvent medium for the synthesis of thiohydantoins using K2CO3as catalyst. J Sulphur Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/17415991003777409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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11
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Segi M, Maeda H, Sakata K, Takashima M, Honda M, Watanabe T. Synthesis of Selenohydantoins from Isoselenocyanates and α-Amino Acids. HETEROCYCLES 2010. [DOI: 10.3987/com-10-s(e)116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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12
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13
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Candeias NR, Branco LC, Gois PMP, Afonso CAM, Trindade AF. More Sustainable Approaches for the Synthesis of N-Based Heterocycles. Chem Rev 2009; 109:2703-802. [DOI: 10.1021/cr800462w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 292] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nuno R. Candeias
- Centro de Química-Física Molecular (CQFM) and Institute of Nanosciences and Nanotechnology (IN), Departamento de Engenharia Química e Biológica, Instituto Superior Técnico, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Quinta da Torre, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal, and iMed.UL, Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Luís C. Branco
- Centro de Química-Física Molecular (CQFM) and Institute of Nanosciences and Nanotechnology (IN), Departamento de Engenharia Química e Biológica, Instituto Superior Técnico, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Quinta da Torre, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal, and iMed.UL, Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Pedro M. P. Gois
- Centro de Química-Física Molecular (CQFM) and Institute of Nanosciences and Nanotechnology (IN), Departamento de Engenharia Química e Biológica, Instituto Superior Técnico, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Quinta da Torre, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal, and iMed.UL, Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Carlos A. M. Afonso
- Centro de Química-Física Molecular (CQFM) and Institute of Nanosciences and Nanotechnology (IN), Departamento de Engenharia Química e Biológica, Instituto Superior Técnico, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Quinta da Torre, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal, and iMed.UL, Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Alexandre F. Trindade
- Centro de Química-Física Molecular (CQFM) and Institute of Nanosciences and Nanotechnology (IN), Departamento de Engenharia Química e Biológica, Instituto Superior Técnico, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Quinta da Torre, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal, and iMed.UL, Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Boston, 100 Morrissey Boulevard, Boston, Massachusetts 02125
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15
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Xiang F, Zhang S, Lu C, Chen Z, Yang G. Novel Synthesis of 3‐Substituted 2‐Thiohydantoins via Aza‐Wittig Reaction on Poly(ethylene Glycol). SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2008. [DOI: 10.1080/00397910701845571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fengying Xiang
- a Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Hubei University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Applicaton of Organic Functional Molecules , Wuhan, China
| | - Shoubo Zhang
- a Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Hubei University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Applicaton of Organic Functional Molecules , Wuhan, China
| | - Cuifen Lu
- a Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Hubei University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Applicaton of Organic Functional Molecules , Wuhan, China
| | - Zuxing Chen
- a Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Hubei University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Applicaton of Organic Functional Molecules , Wuhan, China
| | - Guichun Yang
- a Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Hubei University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Applicaton of Organic Functional Molecules , Wuhan, China
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16
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Boldon S, Moore JE, Gouverneur V. Fluorous synthesis of allylic fluorides: C–F bond formation as the detagging process. Chem Commun (Camb) 2008:3622-4. [DOI: 10.1039/b804484h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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17
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Gao F, Zhang G, Zhang S, Cheng Y, Shi Z, Li Y, Gao J. Different N–C–N formation reactions of aromatic aldehydes and thiohydantoins controlled by Lewis acid promoters. Tetrahedron 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2007.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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18
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Fresneda PM, Castañeda M, Sanz MA, Bautista D, Molina P. An iminophosphorane-based approach for the synthesis of spiropyrrolidine–imidazole derivatives. Tetrahedron 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2006.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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19
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Zhang W, Williams JP, Lu Y, Nagashima T, Chu Q. Fluorous synthesis of sclerotigenin-type benzodiazepine-quinazolinones. Tetrahedron Lett 2007; 48:563-565. [PMID: 17479166 PMCID: PMC1865100 DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2006.11.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A new synthetic protocol for sclerotigenin-type benzodiazepine-quinazolinone library scaffold is introduced. A fluorous benzyl protecting group is used for synthesis of 4-benzodiazepine-2,5-dione intermediate and also as a phase tag for fluorous solid-phase extraction (F-SPE).
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Fluorous Technologies, Inc., University of Pittsburgh Applied Research Center, 970 William Pitt Way, Pittsburgh, PA 15238, USA
| | - John P. Williams
- Neurocrine Biosciences, 12790 El Camino Real, San Diego CA92130, USA
| | - Yimin Lu
- Fluorous Technologies, Inc., University of Pittsburgh Applied Research Center, 970 William Pitt Way, Pittsburgh, PA 15238, USA
| | - Tadamichi Nagashima
- Fluorous Technologies, Inc., University of Pittsburgh Applied Research Center, 970 William Pitt Way, Pittsburgh, PA 15238, USA
| | - Qainli Chu
- Fluorous Technologies, Inc., University of Pittsburgh Applied Research Center, 970 William Pitt Way, Pittsburgh, PA 15238, USA
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20
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Koketsu M, Takahashi A, Ishihara H. A facile preparation of selenohydantoins using isoselenocyanate. J Heterocycl Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.5570440113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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21
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Fluorous Technologies, Inc., University of Pittsburgh Applied Research Center, 970 William Pitt Way, Pittsburgh, PA 15238, USA
| | - Dennis P. Curran
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
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22
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Zhang W, Lu Y. Automation of fluorous solid-phase extraction for parallel synthesis. JOURNAL OF COMBINATORIAL CHEMISTRY 2006; 8:890-6. [PMID: 17096578 PMCID: PMC1934609 DOI: 10.1021/cc0601130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
An automatic fluorous solid-phase extraction (F-SPE) technique is developed by using FluoroFlash SPE cartridges on the RapidTrace workstation. A 10-module workstation has the capability to complete a maximum of 100 SPEs each round in 1-2 h. Another important feature of the RapidTrace system is that it has the capability to load slurry samples onto the F-SPE cartridges. The F-SPE cartridge charged with 2 g of fluorous silica gel is used to purify up to 200 mg of crude sample. Sample loading, elution solvent, cartridge reuse, and SPE reproducibility are evaluated. The automatic SPE system is used for purification of a small urea library generated from amine-scavenging reactions using fluorous dichlorotriazine, a 96-membered amide library generated using 2-chloro-4,6-bis[(perfluorohexyl)propyloxy]-1,3,5-triazine as the coupling agent, and another 96-membered library generated from fluorous Mitsunobu reactions. Approximately 90% of the products have > 90% purity after F-SPE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Fluorous Technologies, Inc, University of Pittsburgh Applied Research Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15238, USA.
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23
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A simple synthesis of 2-thiohydantoins. Molecules 2006; 11:739-50. [PMID: 17971750 DOI: 10.3390/11100739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2006] [Revised: 08/24/2006] [Accepted: 08/24/2006] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
2-Thiohydantoin derivatives are produced by heating a mixture of thiourea and an alpha-amino acid. The method described offers the advantages of simplicity, low cost, easy work-up and scalability.
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Zhang W, Lu Y, Hiu-Tung Chen C, Zeng L, Kassel DB. Fluorous mixture synthesis of two libraries with hydantoin-, and benzodiazepinedione-fused heterocyclic scaffolds. JOURNAL OF COMBINATORIAL CHEMISTRY 2006; 8:687-95. [PMID: 16961407 PMCID: PMC1858674 DOI: 10.1021/cc060061e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Diversity-oriented synthesis (DOS) and fluorous mixture synthesis (FMS) are two aspects of combinatorial chemistry. DOS generates library scaffolds with skeletal, substitution, and stereochemistry variations, whereas FMS is a highly efficient tool for library production. The combination of these two aspects in solution-phase synthesis of two novel heterocyclic compound libraries is presented in this paper. Mixtures of different fluorous amino acids undergo [3 + 2] cycloadditions followed by postcondensation reactions. The mixtures are then demixed by fluorous HPLC. Fluorous tags are removed by cyclization to afford hydantoin- and benzodiazepinedione-fused heterocyclic compounds as individual, pure, and structurally defined molecules. The application of MS-directed HPLC purification and parallel four-channel LC/MS analysis further increases the efficiency of FMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Fluorous Technologies, Inc., University of Pittsburgh Applied Research Center, 970 William Pitt Way, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15238, USA.
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Dieltiens N, Claeys DD, Zhdankin VV, Nemykin VN, Allaert B, Verpoort F, Stevens CV. The Pyroglutamate Hydantoin Rearrangement. European J Org Chem 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200600051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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27
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Manzoni L, Castelli R. Froc: A New Fluorous Protective Group for Peptide and Oligosaccharide Synthesis. Org Lett 2006; 8:955-7. [PMID: 16494483 DOI: 10.1021/ol060006e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of a new fluorous protecting group, Froc, is described. This new fluorous tag has been used in peptide and carbohydrate synthesis by our group and readily allows us to fully characterize each product (NMR, MS) and monitor each synthetic step by TLC. Purification of the products is generally performed by standard fluorous solid-phase extraction techniques (e.g., F-SPE), but standard chromatographic purifications are also possible if required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Manzoni
- C.N.R. - Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Molecolari (ISTM) and Centro Interdisciplinare Studi Biomolecolari e applicazioni Industriali (CISI), Via Venezian 21, I-20133 Milano, Italy.
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Zhang W, Lu Y, Nagashima T. Plate-to-plate fluorous solid-phase extraction for solution-phase parallel synthesis. JOURNAL OF COMBINATORIAL CHEMISTRY 2005; 7:893-7. [PMID: 16283798 PMCID: PMC1857349 DOI: 10.1021/cc050061z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A commercially available Argonaut VacMaster-96 plate-to-plate solid-phase extraction (SPE) station equipped with 24 FluoroFlash cartridges is employed for parallel purification of fluorous reaction mixtures. Each cartridge charged with 3 g of fluorous silica gel has the capability to produce up to 100 mg of purified small molecules. The 24-well receiving plate has a standard footprint that can be directly concentrated in a Genevac vacuum centrifuge. Important issues such as sample loading, product cross-contamination, cartridge reuse, and reproducibility are investigated. The SPE system has been demonstrated in the purification of three small libraries that were produced involving amine scavenging reactions with fluorous isatoic anhydride, amide coupling reactions with 2-chloro-4,6-bis[(perfluorohexyl)propyloxy]-1,3,5-triazine (fluorous CDMT), and amide coupling reactions with a newly developed fluorous Mukaiyama condensation reagent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Fluorous Technologies, Inc., University of Pittsburgh Applied Research Center, 970 William Pitt Way, Pittsburgh, PA 15238, USA
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Zhang Q, Curran DP. Quasienantiomers and Quasiracemates: New Tools for Identification, Analysis, Separation, and Synthesis of Enantiomers. Chemistry 2005; 11:4866-80. [PMID: 15915521 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200500076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The old adage "never mix pure organic compounds" holds in spades for enantiomers. After going to all the trouble to make enantiopure molecules, who in their right mind would ever mix them to make a racemate? Quasienantiomers are almost enantiomers, but not quite. Yet unlike enantiomers, the interest is not so much in separating them but in mixing them to make quasiracemates. This backwards thinking opens new possibilities for identification, analysis, separation and synthesis of enantiomers. A short history is provided, the terms are defined and illustrated, and recent applications of quasienantiomers, quasiracemates and related species are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qisheng Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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Abstract
Fluorous tagging strategy is applied to solution-phase parallel synthesis of a library containing hydantoin and thiohydantoin analogs. Two perfluoroalkyl (Rf)-tagged alpha-amino esters each react with six aromatic aldehydes under reductive amination conditions. Twelve amino esters then each react with 10 isocyanates and isothiocyanates in parallel. The resulting 120 ureas and thioureas undergo spontaneous cyclization to form the corresponding hydantoins and thiohydantoins. The intermediate and final product purifications are performed with solid-phase extraction (SPE) over FluoroFlash cartridges, no chromatography is required. Using standard instruments and straightforward SPE technique, one chemist accomplished the 120-member library synthesis in less than five working days, including starting material synthesis and product analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wei Zhang
- Author for correspondence: Fluorous Technologies, Inc. University of Pittsburgh Applied Research Center, 970 William Pitt Way, Pittsburgh, PA 15238, USA. Phone: +1-412-826-3062, fax: +1-412-826-3053, e-mail:
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Zhang W, Lu Y, Geib S. Synthesis of Fluorous and Nonfluorous Polycyclic Systems by One-Pot, Double Intramolecular 1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition of Azomethine Ylides. Org Lett 2005; 7:2269-72. [PMID: 15901186 DOI: 10.1021/ol0507773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
[reaction: see text]. Under microwave irradiation, a one-pot, double intramolecular [3 + 2]-cycloaddition reaction of azomethine ylides leads to formation of a novel hexacyclic ring system. The major diastereomer is isolated, and its stereochemistry is determined by X-ray crystal structure analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Fluorous Technologies, Inc., University of Pittsburgh Applied Research Center, 970 William Pitt Way, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15238, USA.
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Nagashima T, Zhang W. Solution-phase parallel synthesis of an N-alkylated dihydropteridinone library from fluorous amino acids. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 6:942-9. [PMID: 15530122 DOI: 10.1021/cc049885r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Parallel synthesis of an N-alkylated dihydropteridinone library has been accomplished in five steps starting from two displacement reactions of 4,6-dichloro-5-nitropyrimidine, first with fluorous amino acids, then with secondary amines. The hydrogenation of the nitro group followed by microwave-assisted cyclization gave the dihydropteridinones. Further diversification was achieved by the reaction of dihydropteridinones with benzyl halides to afford mono-N-alkylated products. All the reaction intermediates and final products were purified by SPE or precipitation without the need to perform chromatography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadamichi Nagashima
- Fluorous Technologies, Inc, University of Pittsburgh Applied Research Center, 970 William Pitt Way, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15238, USA
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Zhang W. Fluorous tagging strategy for solution-phase synthesis of small molecules, peptides and oligosaccharides. CURRENT OPINION IN DRUG DISCOVERY & DEVELOPMENT 2004; 7:784-97. [PMID: 15595439 PMCID: PMC1444942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
The purification of reaction mixtures is a slow process in organic synthesis, especially during the production of large numbers of analogs and compound libraries. Phase-tag methods such as solid-phase synthesis and fluorous synthesis, provide efficient ways of addressing the separation issue. Fluorous synthesis employs functionalized perfluoroalkyl groups attached to substrates or reagents. The separation of the resulting fluorous molecules can be achieved using strong and selective fluorous liquid-liquid extraction, fluorous silica gel-based solid-phase extraction or high-performance liquid chromatography. Fluorous technology is a novel solution-phase method, which has the advantages of fast reaction times in homogeneous environments, being readily adaptable to literature conditions, having easy intermediate analysis, and having flexibility in reaction scale and scope. In principle, any synthetic methods that use a solid-support could be conducted in solution-phase by replacing the polymer linker with a corresponding fluorous tag. This review summarizes the progress of fluorous tags in solution-phase synthesis of small molecules, peptides and oligosaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Fluorous Technologies Inc, University of Pittsburgh Applied Research Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15238, USA.
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Zhang W, Lu Y, Chen CHT. Combination of microwave reactions with fluorous separations in the palladium-catalyzed synthesis of aryl sulfides. Mol Divers 2004; 7:199-202. [PMID: 14870851 PMCID: PMC1894905 DOI: 10.1023/b:modi.0000006825.12186.5f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Coupling of microwave reactions with fluorous separations can dramatically increase the efficiency of high-speed synthesis. Described in this paper is a fluorous synthesis of aryl sulfides by palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling of aryl perfluoroalkylsulfonates (C8F17O2SOAr) with thiols (RSH) under microwave irradiation. Fluorous solid-phase extractions (F-SPE) are employed for the purification of reaction mixtures. No fluorous solvents are involved in reaction and separation processes. The fluorous synthesis is further extended to the multi-step synthesis of substituted hydantoin and amide scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Fluorous Technologies, Inc. University of Pittsburgh Applied Research Center, 970 William Pitt Way, Pittsburgh, PA 15238, USA.
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Highly efficient microwave-assisted fluorous Ugi and post-condensation reactions for benzimidazoles and quinoxalinones. Tetrahedron Lett 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2004.07.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Zhang W, Nagashima T, Lu Y, Chen CHT. A traceless perfluorooctylsulfonyl tag for deoxygenation of phenols under microwave irradiation. Tetrahedron Lett 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2004.04.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Fluorous Technologies, Inc., University of Pittsburgh Applied Research Center, 970 William Pitt Way, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15238, USA.
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Fresneda PM, Castañeda M, Sanz MA, Molina P. Trapping of a phosphazide intermediate in the Staudinger reaction of tertiary phosphines with azides and its application to the synthesis of analogs of the marine alkaloid midpacamide. Tetrahedron Lett 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2003.12.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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A novel, base-labile fluorous amine protecting group: synthesis and use as a tag in the purification of synthetic peptides. Tetrahedron Lett 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2003.09.220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Volonterio A, Zanda M. Domino condensation/aza-Michael/O→N acyl migration of carbodiimides with activated α,β-unsaturated carboxylic acids to form hydantoins. Tetrahedron Lett 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2003.09.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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