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Bonner A, Loftus A, Padgham AC, Baumann M. Forgotten and forbidden chemical reactions revitalised through continuous flow technology. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:7737-7753. [PMID: 34549240 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob01452h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Continuous flow technology has played an undeniable role in enabling modern chemical synthesis, whereby a myriad of reactions can now be performed with greater efficiency, safety and control. As flow chemistry furthermore delivers more sustainable and readily scalable routes to important target structures a growing number of industrial applications are being reported. In this review we highlight the impact of flow chemistry on revitalising important chemical reactions that were either forgotten soon after their initial report as necessary improvements were not realised due to a lack of available technology, or forbidden due to unacceptable safety concerns relating to the experimental procedure. In both cases flow processing in combination with further reaction optimisation has rendered a powerful set of tools that make such transformations not only highly efficient but moreover very desirable due to a more streamlined construction of desired scaffolds. This short review highlights important contributions from academic and industrial laboratories predominantly from the last 5 years allowing the reader to gain an appreciation of the impact of flow chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arlene Bonner
- School of Chemistry, University College Dublin, Science Centre South, D04 N2E5, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Aisling Loftus
- School of Chemistry, University College Dublin, Science Centre South, D04 N2E5, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Alex C Padgham
- School of Chemistry, University College Dublin, Science Centre South, D04 N2E5, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Marcus Baumann
- School of Chemistry, University College Dublin, Science Centre South, D04 N2E5, Dublin, Ireland.
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2
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Malykhin RS, Sukhorukov AY. Nucleophilic Halogenation of Heterocyclic
N
‐Oxides: Recent Progress and a Practical Guide. Adv Synth Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202100284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roman S. Malykhin
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry Russian Academy of Sciences Leninsky prospect, 47 Moscow 119991 Russia
- M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University Department of Chemistry Leninskie gory, 1, str. 3 Moscow 119991 Russian Federation
| | - Alexey Yu. Sukhorukov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry Russian Academy of Sciences Leninsky prospect, 47 Moscow 119991 Russia
- Plekhanov Russian University of Economics Stremyanny per. 36 Moscow 117997 Russia
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3
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Kannaboina P, Mondal K, Laha JK, Das P. Recent advances in the global ring functionalization of 7-azaindoles. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:11749-11762. [PMID: 32935671 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc04264a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The 7-azaindole building block has attracted considerable interest in the field of drug discovery in the current portfolio. Because of their powerful medicinal properties, the development of synthetic, elegant techniques for the functionalization of 7-azaindoles continues to be an active area of research. Advances in metal-catalyzed chemistry have recently supported the successful development of a number of novel and effective methods for functionalization of the 7-azaindole template. This review reports state-of-the-art functionalization chemistry of 7-azaindoles with an aspiration to highlight the global ring functionalization of 7-azaindoles that are potential as pharmacophores for various therapeutic targets. Other relevant reviews focused on 7-azaindole synthesis, properties and applications have also been reported. However, none of these reviews have been dedicated to the results achieved in the field of metal-catalyzed cross-coupling/C-H bond functionalized reactions. So we wish to discuss and summarize the advances made since 2011 in this field toward 7-azaindole functionalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prakash Kannaboina
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines) Dhanbad, Dhanbad-826004, India.
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4
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Mohy El Dine T, Sadek O, Gras E, Perrin DM. Expanding the Balz-Schiemann Reaction: Organotrifluoroborates Serve as Competent Sources of Fluoride Ion for Fluoro-Dediazoniation. Chemistry 2018; 24:14933-14937. [PMID: 30006957 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201803575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The Balz-Schiemann reaction endures as a method for the preparation of (hetero)aryl fluorides yet is eschewed due to the need for harsh conditions or high temperatures along with the need to isolate potentially explosive diazonium salts. In a departure from these conditions, we show that various organotrifluoroborates (RBF3 - s) may serve as fluoride ion sources for solution-phase fluoro-dediazoniation in organic solvents under mild conditions. This methodology was successfully extended to a one-pot process obviating aryl diazonium salt isolation. Sterically hindered (hetero)anilines are fluorinated under unprecedentedly mild conditions in good-to-excellent yields. Taken together, this work expands the repertoire of RBF3 - s to act as fluorine ion sources in an update to the classic Balz-Schiemann reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tharwat Mohy El Dine
- Chemistry Department, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Omar Sadek
- Chemistry Department, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z1, Canada.,LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, 205 route de Narbonne, BP 44099 31077, Toulouse Ce, dex 4, France
| | - Emmanuel Gras
- LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, 205 route de Narbonne, BP 44099 31077, Toulouse Ce, dex 4, France
| | - David M Perrin
- Chemistry Department, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z1, Canada
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5
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Brewitz L, Noda H, Kumagai N, Shibasaki M. Structural and Computational Investigation of Intramolecular N···H Interactions in α‐ and β‐Fluorinated 7‐Azaindoline Amides. European J Org Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201701083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lennart Brewitz
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN) Tokyo Kamiosaki 3‐14‐23 141‐0021 Shinagawa‐ku, Tokyo Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Noda
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN) Tokyo Kamiosaki 3‐14‐23 141‐0021 Shinagawa‐ku, Tokyo Japan
| | - Naoya Kumagai
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN) Tokyo Kamiosaki 3‐14‐23 141‐0021 Shinagawa‐ku, Tokyo Japan
| | - Masakatsu Shibasaki
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN) Tokyo Kamiosaki 3‐14‐23 141‐0021 Shinagawa‐ku, Tokyo Japan
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6
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Abstract
Azines, which are six-membered aromatic compounds containing one or more nitrogen atoms, serve as ubiquitous structural cores of aromatic species with important applications in biological and materials sciences. Among a variety of synthetic approaches toward azines, C-H functionalization represents the most rapid and atom-economical transformation, and it is advantageous for the late-stage functionalization of azine-containing functional molecules. Since azines have several C-H bonds with different reactivities, the development of new reactions that allow for the functionalization of azines in a regioselective fashion has comprised a central issue. This review describes recent advances in the C-H functionalization of azines categorized as follows: (1) SNAr reactions, (2) radical reactions, (3) deprotonation/functionalization, and (4) metal-catalyzed reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Murakami
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM) and Graduate School of Science, and ‡JST-ERATO, Itami Molecular Nanocarbon Project, Nagoya University , Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Shuya Yamada
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM) and Graduate School of Science, and ‡JST-ERATO, Itami Molecular Nanocarbon Project, Nagoya University , Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kaneda
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM) and Graduate School of Science, and ‡JST-ERATO, Itami Molecular Nanocarbon Project, Nagoya University , Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Itami
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM) and Graduate School of Science, and ‡JST-ERATO, Itami Molecular Nanocarbon Project, Nagoya University , Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
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7
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Han C, Green K, Pfeifer E, Gosselin F. Highly Regioselective and Practical Synthesis of 5-Bromo-4-chloro-3-nitro-7-azaindole. Org Process Res Dev 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.7b00060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chong Han
- Department
of Small Molecule Process Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Keena Green
- Department
of Small Molecule Process Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Eugen Pfeifer
- Department
of Pharma Technical Development, F. Hoffmann-La Roche AG, Grenzacherstrasse 124, CH-4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Francis Gosselin
- Department
of Small Molecule Process Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
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8
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Park NH, Senter TJ, Buchwald SL. Rapid Synthesis of Aryl Fluorides in Continuous Flow through the Balz-Schiemann Reaction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201606601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel H. Park
- Department of Chemistry; Massachusetts Institute of Technology; 77 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge MA 02139 USA
| | - Timothy J. Senter
- Department of Chemistry; Massachusetts Institute of Technology; 77 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge MA 02139 USA
| | - Stephen L. Buchwald
- Department of Chemistry; Massachusetts Institute of Technology; 77 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge MA 02139 USA
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9
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Park NH, Senter TJ, Buchwald SL. Rapid Synthesis of Aryl Fluorides in Continuous Flow through the Balz-Schiemann Reaction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:11907-11. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201606601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel H. Park
- Department of Chemistry; Massachusetts Institute of Technology; 77 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge MA 02139 USA
| | - Timothy J. Senter
- Department of Chemistry; Massachusetts Institute of Technology; 77 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge MA 02139 USA
| | - Stephen L. Buchwald
- Department of Chemistry; Massachusetts Institute of Technology; 77 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge MA 02139 USA
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10
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Lucas SCC, Moore JE, Donald CS, Hawkins JL. Synthesis of 4-Arylthieno[2,3-b]pyridines and 4-Aminothieno[2,3-b]pyridines via a Regioselective Bromination of Thieno[2,3-b]pyridine. J Org Chem 2015; 80:12594-8. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b01735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jane E. Moore
- AstraZeneca, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, SK10 4TG, United Kingdom
| | - Craig S. Donald
- AstraZeneca, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, SK10 4TG, United Kingdom
| | - Janet L. Hawkins
- AstraZeneca, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, SK10 4TG, United Kingdom
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11
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Gehringer M, Forster M, Laufer SA. Solution-phase parallel synthesis of ruxolitinib-derived Janus kinase inhibitors via copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition. ACS COMBINATORIAL SCIENCE 2015; 17:5-10. [PMID: 25405713 DOI: 10.1021/co500122h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
A solution-phase parallel synthesis of triazole-derived ruxolitinib analogues was developed in the current study. The method employs copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition to build up the central triazole template. Product isolation by precipitation and centrifugation is straightforward and yields high purity compounds suited for biological profiling. A simple protocol for accessing the terminal alkyne precursors in high yields was established and a library of ruxolitinib-like triazoles featuring diverse functional groups was prepared. In addition, a model for the binding mode of ruxolitinib to Janus kinase (JAK) 2 is proposed. In contrast to previous models, the pose explains the compound selectivity for JAK1/JAK2 and is in accordance with published structure-activity data. On this basis, a structure-based design hypothesis for inverting the selectivity profile of ruxolitinib is deduced. Application of this strategy identified a moderately potent JAK3 inhibitor (35 nM) with high selectivity against other JAKs, potentially exploiting a covalent binding mode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Gehringer
- Department
of Pharmaceutical
and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Eberhard-Karls-University Tuebingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Michael Forster
- Department
of Pharmaceutical
and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Eberhard-Karls-University Tuebingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Stefan A. Laufer
- Department
of Pharmaceutical
and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Eberhard-Karls-University Tuebingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
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12
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Waldmann C, Schober O, Haufe G, Kopka K. A Closer Look at the Bromine–Lithium Exchange with tert-Butyllithium in an Aryl Sulfonamide Synthesis. Org Lett 2013; 15:2954-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ol4010454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Waldmann
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Building A1, D-48149 Münster, Germany, and Organic Chemistry Institute, University of Münster, Corrensstrasse 40, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Otmar Schober
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Building A1, D-48149 Münster, Germany, and Organic Chemistry Institute, University of Münster, Corrensstrasse 40, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Günter Haufe
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Building A1, D-48149 Münster, Germany, and Organic Chemistry Institute, University of Münster, Corrensstrasse 40, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Klaus Kopka
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Building A1, D-48149 Münster, Germany, and Organic Chemistry Institute, University of Münster, Corrensstrasse 40, D-48149 Münster, Germany
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13
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Wengryniuk SE, Weickgenannt A, Reiher C, Strotman NA, Chen K, Eastgate MD, Baran PS. Regioselective bromination of fused heterocyclic N-oxides. Org Lett 2013; 15:792-5. [PMID: 23350852 DOI: 10.1021/ol3034675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A mild method for the regioselective C2-bromination of fused azine N-oxides is presented, employing tosic anhydride as the activator and tetra-n-butylammonium bromide as the nucleophilic bromide source. The C2-brominated compounds are produced in moderate to excellent yields and with excellent regioselectivity in most cases. The potential extension of this method to other halogens, effecting C2-chlorination with Ts(2)O/TBACl is also presented. Finally, this method could be incorporated into a viable one-pot oxidation/bromination process, using methyltrioxorhenium/urea hydropgen peroxide as the oxidant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Wengryniuk
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
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14
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Surasani R, Kalita D, Rao AVD, Chandrasekhar KB. Palladium-catalyzed C-N and C-O bond formation of N-substituted 4-bromo-7-azaindoles with amides, amines, amino acid esters and phenols. Beilstein J Org Chem 2012; 8:2004-18. [PMID: 23209536 PMCID: PMC3511036 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.8.227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2012] [Accepted: 10/26/2012] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple and efficient procedures for palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions of N-substituted 4-bromo-7-azaindole (1H-pyrrole[2,3-b]pyridine), with amides, amines, amino acid esters and phenols through C-N and C-O bond formation have been developed. The C-N cross-coupling reaction of amides, amines and amino acid esters takes place rapidly by using the combination of Xantphos, Cs(2)CO(3), dioxane and palladium catalyst precursors Pd(OAc)(2)/Pd(2)(dba)(3). The combination of Pd(OAc)(2), Xantphos, K(2)CO(3) and dioxane was found to be crucial for the C-O cross-coupling reaction. This is the first report on coupling of amides, amino acid esters and phenols with N-protected 4-bromo-7-azaindole derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajendra Surasani
- Custom Pharmaceutical Services, Dr. Reddy’s Laboratories Ltd., Miyapur, Hyderabad 50049, India
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science and Technology, JNTU University of Anantapur, Anantapur 515002, India
| | - Dipak Kalita
- Custom Pharmaceutical Services, Dr. Reddy’s Laboratories Ltd., Miyapur, Hyderabad 50049, India
| | - A V Dhanunjaya Rao
- Custom Pharmaceutical Services, Dr. Reddy’s Laboratories Ltd., Miyapur, Hyderabad 50049, India
| | - K B Chandrasekhar
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science and Technology, JNTU University of Anantapur, Anantapur 515002, India
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15
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Schneider C, David E, Toutov AA, Snieckus V. In Situ Anionic Shielding for Regioselective Metalation: Directed peri and Iterative Metalation Routes to Polyfunctionalized 7-Azaindoles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201108016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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16
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Schneider C, David E, Toutov AA, Snieckus V. In Situ Anionic Shielding for Regioselective Metalation: Directed peri and Iterative Metalation Routes to Polyfunctionalized 7-Azaindoles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 51:2722-6. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201108016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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17
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Z. Zard S, Bacqué E, El Qacémi M. A Flexible Convergent Route to Azaoxindoles, Azaindolines, Azaindoles, and Tetrahydroazaquinolones. HETEROCYCLES 2012. [DOI: 10.3987/com-11-s(p)24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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18
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Henderson JL, McDermott SM, Buchwald SL. Palladium-catalyzed amination of unprotected halo-7-azaindoles. Org Lett 2011; 12:4438-41. [PMID: 20860393 DOI: 10.1021/ol101928m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Simple and efficient procedures for the Pd-catalyzed cross-coupling of primary and secondary amines with halo-7-azaindoles(pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine) are presented. Previously, no general method was available to ensure the highly selective reaction of the heteroaryl halide in the presence of the unprotected azaindole N-H. Using palladium precatalysts recently reported by our group, such reactions are easily accomplished under mild conditions that can be applied to cross-coupling reactions with a wide array of aliphatic and aromatic amines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaclyn L Henderson
- Department of Chemistry, Room 18-490, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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19
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Schneider C, Goyard D, Gueyrard D, Joseph B, Goekjian PG. Synthesis of 2-, 3-, and 4-Substituted Pyrido[2,3-b]indoles by C-N, C-O, and C-C(sp) Bond Formation. European J Org Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201000795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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20
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Saifuddin M, Agarwal PK, Sharma SK, Mandadapu AK, Gupta S, Harit VK, Kundu B. Water-Accelerated Cationic π-(7-endo) Cyclisation: Application to Indole-Based Peri-Annulated Polyheterocycles. European J Org Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201000596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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21
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Tsou HR, MacEwan G, Birnberg G, Grosu G, Bursavich MG, Bard J, Brooijmans N, Toral-Barza L, Hollander I, Mansour TS, Ayral-Kaloustian S, Yu K. Discovery and optimization of 2-(4-substituted-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridin-3-yl)methylene-4-hydroxybenzofuran-3(2H)-ones as potent and selective ATP-competitive inhibitors of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2010; 20:2321-5. [PMID: 20188552 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2010.01.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2009] [Revised: 01/26/2010] [Accepted: 01/28/2010] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
We discovered 2-(4-substituted-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridin-3-yl)methylene-4-hydroxybenzofuran-3(2H)-ones as potent and selective ATP-competitive inhibitors of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). Since phenolic OH groups pose metabolic liability, one of the two hydroxyl groups was selectively removed. The SAR data showed the structural features necessary for subnanomolar inhibitory activity against mTOR kinase as well as selectivity over PI3Kalpha. An X-ray co-crystal structure of one inhibitor with the mTOR-related PI3Kgamma revealed the key hydrogen bonding interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwei-Ru Tsou
- Chemical Sciences, Wyeth Research, 401 N. Middletown Road, Pearl River, NY 10965, United States.
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22
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Chemoselective functionalization of α-carbolines at the C-2, C-3, C-4, and C-6 positions using Suzuki–Miyaura reactions. Tetrahedron 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2009.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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23
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Schulz T, Torborg C, Enthaler S, Schäffner B, Dumrath A, Spannenberg A, Neumann H, Börner A, Beller M. A General Palladium-Catalyzed Amination of Aryl Halides with Ammonia. Chemistry 2009; 15:4528-33. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.200802678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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24
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Surry D, Buchwald S. Biarylphosphanliganden in der palladiumkatalysierten Aminierung. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200800497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 500] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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25
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Kim KS, Zhang L, Schmidt R, Cai ZW, Wei D, Williams DK, Lombardo LJ, Trainor GL, Xie D, Zhang Y, An Y, Sack JS, Tokarski JS, Darienzo C, Kamath A, Marathe P, Zhang Y, Lippy J, Jeyaseelan R, Wautlet B, Henley B, Gullo-Brown J, Manne V, Hunt JT, Fargnoli J, Borzilleri RM. Discovery of Pyrrolopyridine−Pyridone Based Inhibitors of Met Kinase: Synthesis, X-ray Crystallographic Analysis, and Biological Activities. J Med Chem 2008; 51:5330-41. [DOI: 10.1021/jm800476q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung Soon Kim
- Departments of Oncology Chemistry, Oncology Drug Discovery, Structural Biology and Modeling, and Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharmaceutical Research & Development, P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000
| | - Liping Zhang
- Departments of Oncology Chemistry, Oncology Drug Discovery, Structural Biology and Modeling, and Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharmaceutical Research & Development, P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000
| | - Robert Schmidt
- Departments of Oncology Chemistry, Oncology Drug Discovery, Structural Biology and Modeling, and Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharmaceutical Research & Development, P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000
| | - Zhen-Wei Cai
- Departments of Oncology Chemistry, Oncology Drug Discovery, Structural Biology and Modeling, and Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharmaceutical Research & Development, P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000
| | - Donna Wei
- Departments of Oncology Chemistry, Oncology Drug Discovery, Structural Biology and Modeling, and Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharmaceutical Research & Development, P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000
| | - David K. Williams
- Departments of Oncology Chemistry, Oncology Drug Discovery, Structural Biology and Modeling, and Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharmaceutical Research & Development, P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000
| | - Louis J. Lombardo
- Departments of Oncology Chemistry, Oncology Drug Discovery, Structural Biology and Modeling, and Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharmaceutical Research & Development, P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000
| | - George L. Trainor
- Departments of Oncology Chemistry, Oncology Drug Discovery, Structural Biology and Modeling, and Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharmaceutical Research & Development, P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000
| | - Dianlin Xie
- Departments of Oncology Chemistry, Oncology Drug Discovery, Structural Biology and Modeling, and Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharmaceutical Research & Development, P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000
| | - Yaquan Zhang
- Departments of Oncology Chemistry, Oncology Drug Discovery, Structural Biology and Modeling, and Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharmaceutical Research & Development, P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000
| | - Yongmi An
- Departments of Oncology Chemistry, Oncology Drug Discovery, Structural Biology and Modeling, and Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharmaceutical Research & Development, P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000
| | - John S. Sack
- Departments of Oncology Chemistry, Oncology Drug Discovery, Structural Biology and Modeling, and Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharmaceutical Research & Development, P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000
| | - John S. Tokarski
- Departments of Oncology Chemistry, Oncology Drug Discovery, Structural Biology and Modeling, and Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharmaceutical Research & Development, P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000
| | - Celia Darienzo
- Departments of Oncology Chemistry, Oncology Drug Discovery, Structural Biology and Modeling, and Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharmaceutical Research & Development, P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000
| | - Amrita Kamath
- Departments of Oncology Chemistry, Oncology Drug Discovery, Structural Biology and Modeling, and Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharmaceutical Research & Development, P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000
| | - Punit Marathe
- Departments of Oncology Chemistry, Oncology Drug Discovery, Structural Biology and Modeling, and Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharmaceutical Research & Development, P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000
| | - Yueping Zhang
- Departments of Oncology Chemistry, Oncology Drug Discovery, Structural Biology and Modeling, and Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharmaceutical Research & Development, P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000
| | - Jonathan Lippy
- Departments of Oncology Chemistry, Oncology Drug Discovery, Structural Biology and Modeling, and Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharmaceutical Research & Development, P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000
| | - Robert Jeyaseelan
- Departments of Oncology Chemistry, Oncology Drug Discovery, Structural Biology and Modeling, and Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharmaceutical Research & Development, P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000
| | - Barri Wautlet
- Departments of Oncology Chemistry, Oncology Drug Discovery, Structural Biology and Modeling, and Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharmaceutical Research & Development, P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000
| | - Benjamin Henley
- Departments of Oncology Chemistry, Oncology Drug Discovery, Structural Biology and Modeling, and Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharmaceutical Research & Development, P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000
| | - Johnni Gullo-Brown
- Departments of Oncology Chemistry, Oncology Drug Discovery, Structural Biology and Modeling, and Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharmaceutical Research & Development, P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000
| | - Veeraswamy Manne
- Departments of Oncology Chemistry, Oncology Drug Discovery, Structural Biology and Modeling, and Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharmaceutical Research & Development, P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000
| | - John T. Hunt
- Departments of Oncology Chemistry, Oncology Drug Discovery, Structural Biology and Modeling, and Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharmaceutical Research & Development, P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000
| | - Joseph Fargnoli
- Departments of Oncology Chemistry, Oncology Drug Discovery, Structural Biology and Modeling, and Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharmaceutical Research & Development, P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000
| | - Robert M. Borzilleri
- Departments of Oncology Chemistry, Oncology Drug Discovery, Structural Biology and Modeling, and Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharmaceutical Research & Development, P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000
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Tang J, Hamajima T, Nakano M, Sato H, Dickerson SH, Lackey KE. Knowledge-based design of 7-azaindoles as selective B-Raf inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2008; 18:4610-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2008.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2008] [Revised: 07/03/2008] [Accepted: 07/08/2008] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Ruel R, Thibeault C, L'Heureux A, Martel A, Cai ZW, Wei D, Qian L, Barrish JC, Mathur A, D'Arienzo C, Hunt JT, Kamath A, Marathe P, Zhang Y, Derbin G, Wautlet B, Mortillo S, Jeyaseelan R, Henley B, Tejwani R, Bhide RS, Trainor GL, Fargnoli J, Lombardo LJ. Discovery and preclinical studies of 5-isopropyl-6-(5-methyl-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)-N-(2-methyl-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridin-5-yl)pyrrolo[2,1-f][1,2,4]triazin-4-amine (BMS-645737), an in vivo active potent VEGFR-2 inhibitor. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2008; 18:2985-9. [PMID: 18395443 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2008.03.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2008] [Revised: 03/18/2008] [Accepted: 03/18/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
We report herein a series of substituted N-(1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridin-5-yl)pyrrolo[2,1-f][1,2,4]triazin-4-amines as inhibitors of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 tyrosine kinase. Through structure-activity relationship studies, biochemical potency, pharmacokinetics, and kinase selectivity were optimized to afford BMS-645737 (13), a compound with good preclinical in vivo activity against human tumor xenograft models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Réjean Ruel
- Bristol-Myers Squibb, Research and Development, Candiac, Que., Canada J5R 1J1.
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Lai G, Guo T. A Convenient and Efficient Preparation of 2‐Acetyl‐4,5‐difluorothiophene. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2008. [DOI: 10.1080/00397910701649064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gaifa Lai
- a Pharmacopeia, Inc. , Princeton, New Jersey, USA
| | - Tao Guo
- a Pharmacopeia, Inc. , Princeton, New Jersey, USA
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Abstract
Palladium-catalyzed amination reactions of aryl halides have undergone rapid development in the last 12 years, largely driven by the implementation of new classes of ligands. Biaryl phosphanes have proven to provide especially active catalysts in this context. This Review discusses the application of these catalysts in C-N cross-coupling reactions in the synthesis of heterocycles and pharmaceuticals, in materials science, and in natural product synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- David S Surry
- Department of Chemistry, Room 18-490, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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Wang X, Zhi B, Baum J, Chen Y, Crockett R, Huang L, Eisenberg S, Ng J, Larsen R, Martinelli M, Reider P. A practical synthesis of 2-((1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine-4-yl)methylamino)-5- fluoronicotinic acid. J Org Chem 2007; 71:4021-3. [PMID: 16674090 DOI: 10.1021/jo0602571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A practical synthesis of a key pharmaceutical intermediate, 2-[(1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine-4-yl)methylamino]-5-fluoronicotinic acid (1), is described. To introduce the aminomethyl moiety of 2 via a palladium-catalyzed cyanation/reduction sequence, a regioselective chlorination of 7-azaindole via the N-oxide was developed. A highly selective monodechlorination of 2,6-dichloro-5-fluoronicotinic acid was discovered to afford the nicotinic acid 3. The two building blocks 2 and 3 were then coupled to complete the preparation of 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- Chemical Process R & D, Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320-1799, USA.
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Caldwell JJ, Cheung KM, Collins I. Synthesis of 4-(cyclic dialkylamino)-7-azaindoles by microwave heating of 4-halo-7-azaindoles and cyclic secondary amines. Tetrahedron Lett 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2007.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Alfonsi M, Arcadi A, Bianchi G, Marinelli F, Nardini A. Gold-Catalyzed C-3-Alkylation of 7-Azaindoles Through Michael-Type Addition to α,β-Enones. European J Org Chem 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200500998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Figueroa-Pérez S, Bennabi S, Schirok H, Thutewohl M. Efficient synthesis of 4-O- and C-substituted-7-azaindoles. Tetrahedron Lett 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2006.01.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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L’Heureux A, Thibault C, Ruel R. Synthesis of functionalized 7-azaindoles via directed ortho-metalations. Tetrahedron Lett 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2004.01.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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