1
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Zhao R, Ismiyarto, Zhou DY, Asano K, Suzuki T, Sasai H, Suzuki T. General Synthesis of meso-1,4-Dialdehydes and Their Application in Ir-Catalyzed Asymmetric Tishchenko Reactions. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:17945-17955. [PMID: 38680320 PMCID: PMC11044153 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c09381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
A practical synthesis of meso-1,4-dialdehydes based on the oxidative cleavage of cyclobutanediol derivatives using polymer-supported periodate was developed. The meso-1,4-dialdehydes were obtained in up to >99% yield and subsequently employed in Ir-catalyzed asymmetric Tishchenko reactions to give the corresponding chiral lactones, which are versatile synthetic intermediates, in good yield with moderate enantiomeric excess. The catalytically active species was identified by means of cold-spray ionization mass spectrometry and 1H NMR spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runze Zhao
- Sanken, Osaka
University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki 567-0047, Osaka, Japan
| | | | - Da-Yang Zhou
- Sanken, Osaka
University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki 567-0047, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kaori Asano
- Sanken, Osaka
University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki 567-0047, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Suzuki
- Sanken, Osaka
University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki 567-0047, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Sasai
- Sanken, Osaka
University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki 567-0047, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takeyuki Suzuki
- Sanken, Osaka
University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki 567-0047, Osaka, Japan
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2
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Linne Y, Lücke D, Gerdes K, Bajerke K, Kalesse M. Stereoselective Synthesis of Allylic Alcohols via Substrate Control on Asymmetric Lithiation. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202302699. [PMID: 37821794 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202302699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Allylic alcohols are a privileged motif in natural product synthesis and new methods that access them in a stereoselective fashion are highly sought after. Toward this goal, we found that chiral acetonide-protected polyketide fragments performing the Hoppe-Matteson-Aggarwal rearrangement in the absence of sparteine with high yields and diastereoselectivities rendering this protocol a highly valuable alternative to the Nozaki-Hiyama-Takai-Kishi reaction. Various stereodyads and -triads were investigated to determine their substrate induction. The mostly strong inherent stereoinduction was attributed to a combination of steric and electronic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannick Linne
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Universität Hannover, 30167, Hannover, Germany
| | - Daniel Lücke
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Universität Hannover, 30167, Hannover, Germany
| | - Kjeld Gerdes
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Universität Hannover, 30167, Hannover, Germany
| | - Kevin Bajerke
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Universität Hannover, 30167, Hannover, Germany
| | - Markus Kalesse
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Universität Hannover, 30167, Hannover, Germany
- Centre of Biomolecular Drug Research (BMWZ), Wilhelm Leibniz Universität Hannover, 30167, Hannover, Germany
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3
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Lamhauge JN, McLeod DA, Barløse CL, Oliver GA, Viborg L, Warburg T, Anker Jørgensen K. Enantioselective Synthesis of Tropane Scaffolds by an Organocatalyzed 1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition of 3-Oxidopyridinium Betaines and Dienamines. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202301830. [PMID: 37318111 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202301830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Tropane alkaloids constitute a compound-class which is structurally defined by a central 8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane core. A diverse bioactivity profile combined with an unusual aza-bridged bicyclic framework has made tropanes molecules-of-interest within organic chemistry. Enantioselective examples of (5+2) cycloadditions between 3-oxidopyridinium betaines and olefins remain unexplored, despite 3-oxidopyridinium betaines being useful reagents in organic synthesis. The first asymmetric (5+2) cycloaddition of 3-oxidopyridinium betaines is reported, affording tropane derivatives in up to quantitative yield and with excellent control of peri-, regio-, diastereo-, and enantioselectivity. The reactivity is enabled by dienamine-activation of α,β-unsaturated aldehydes combined with in situ formation of the pyridinium reaction-partner. A simple N-deprotection protocol allows for liberation of the tropane alkaloid motif, and synthetic elaborations of the cycloadducts demonstrate their synthetic utility to achieve highly diastereoselective modification around the bicyclic framework. DFT computations suggest a stepwise mechanism where regio- and stereoselectivity are defined during the first bond-forming step in which the pyridinium dipole exerts critical conformational control over its dienamine partner. In the second bond-forming step, a kinetic preference toward an initial (5+4) cycloadduct was identified; however, a lack of catalyst turn-over, reversibility, and thermodynamic bias favoring a (5+2) cycloadduct rendered the reaction fully periselective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes N Lamhauge
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - David A McLeod
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Casper L Barløse
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Gwyndaf A Oliver
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Laura Viborg
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Tobias Warburg
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Karl Anker Jørgensen
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
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4
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Zhang Y, Goetzke FW, Christensen KE, Fletcher SP. Asymmetric Synthesis of Nortropanes via Rh-Catalyzed Allylic Arylation. ACS Catal 2022; 12:8995-9002. [PMID: 35966601 PMCID: PMC9361292 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c02259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
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Tropane derivatives are extensively used in medicine,
but catalytic
asymmetric methods for their synthesis are underexplored. Here, we
report Rh-catalyzed asymmetric Suzuki–Miyaura-type cross-coupling
reactions between a racemic N-Boc-nortropane-derived
allylic chloride and (hetero)aryl boronic esters. The reaction proceeds via an unexpected kinetic resolution, and the resolved enantiopure
allyl chloride can undergo highly enantiospecific reactions with N-,
O-, and S-containing nucleophiles. The method was applied in a highly
stereoselective formal synthesis of YZJ-1139(1), a potential insomnia
treatment that recently completed Phase II clinical trials. Our report
represents an asymmetric catalytic method for the synthesis of YZJ-1139(1)
and related compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - F. Wieland Goetzke
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Kirsten E. Christensen
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen P. Fletcher
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
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5
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Kamanna K. Organocatalysts based on natural and modified amino acids for asymmetric reactions. PHYSICAL SCIENCES REVIEWS 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/psr-2021-0026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Small organic molecules predominantly containing C, H, O, N, S and P element are found promising molecule to accelerate chemical reactions and are named organocatalysis. In addition, these organocatalysts are easy availability, stable in water and air, inexpensive, and low toxicity, which confer a huge direct application in organic synthesis when compared to transition metal catalyzed reactions and becoming powerful tools in the construction of a selective chiral product. Interest on organocatalysis is spectacularly increased since last two decades, due to the novelty of the concept and selectivity. Based on the nature of the organocatalysts used, they are classified in to four major classes, among them one of the types is amino acids derived organocatalysts. Natural amino acids are playing important role in building blocks of protein construction, and also intermediate products of the metabolism. α-Amino acid is a molecule, that contains both amine and carboxyl functional group. Their particular structural characteristic determines their role in protein synthesis, and bifunctional asymmetric catalysts for stereoselective synthesis. Two functional groups present on a single carbon acting as an acid and base, which promote chemical transformations in concert similar to the enzymatic catalysis. The post translational derivatives of natural α-amino acids include 4-hydroxy-L-proline and 4-amino-L-proline scaffolds, and its synthetic variants based organocatalysts, whose catalytic activity is well documented. This chapter discussed past and present development of the organocatalysts derived from natural and modified amino acids for various important organic transformations reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kantharaju Kamanna
- Department of Chemistry , Rani Channamma University , Vidyasangama , P-B, NH-4 , Belagavi 591156 , Karnataka , India
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6
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Rodriguez S, Uria U, Reyes E, Prieto L, Rodríguez-Rodríguez M, Carrillo L, Vicario JL. Enantioselective construction of the 8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane scaffold: application in the synthesis of tropane alkaloids. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:3763-3775. [PMID: 33949549 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob00143d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The 8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane scaffold is the central core of the family of tropane alkaloids, which display a wide array of interesting biological activities. As a consequence, research directed towards the preparation of this basic structure in a stereoselective manner has attracted attention from many research groups worldwide across the years. Despite this, most of the approaches rely on the enantioselective construction of an acyclic starting material that contains all the required stereochemical information to allow the stereocontrolled formation of the bicyclic scaffold. As an alternative, there are a number of important methodologies reported in which the stereochemical control is achieved directly in the same transformation that generates the 8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane architecture or in a desymmetrization process starting from achiral tropinone derivatives. This review compiles the most relevant achievements in these areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Rodriguez
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, University of the Basque Country, P. O. Box 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain.
| | - Uxue Uria
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, University of the Basque Country, P. O. Box 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain.
| | - Efraim Reyes
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, University of the Basque Country, P. O. Box 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain.
| | - Liher Prieto
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, University of the Basque Country, P. O. Box 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain.
| | - Marta Rodríguez-Rodríguez
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, University of the Basque Country, P. O. Box 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain.
| | - Luisa Carrillo
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, University of the Basque Country, P. O. Box 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain.
| | - Jose L Vicario
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, University of the Basque Country, P. O. Box 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain.
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7
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Sonnleitner CM, Park S, Eckl R, Ertl T, Reiser O. Stereoselective Synthesis of Tropanes via a 6π-Electrocyclic Ring-Opening/ Huisgen [3+2]-Cycloaddition Cascade of Monocyclopropanated Heterocycles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:18110-18115. [PMID: 32627302 PMCID: PMC7589232 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202006030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of tropanes via a microwave-assisted, stereoselective 6π-electrocyclic ring-opening/ Huisgen [3+2]-cycloaddition cascade of cyclopropanated pyrrole and furan derivatives with electron-deficient dipolarophiles is demonstrated. Starting from furans or pyrroles, 8-aza- and 8-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octanes are accessible in two steps in dia- and enantioselective pure form, being versatile building blocks for the synthesis of pharmaceutically relevant targets, especially for new cocaine analogues bearing various substituents at the C-6/C-7 positions of the tropane ring system. Moreover, the 2-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octane core (isoquinuclidines), being prominently represented in many natural and pharmaceutical products, is accessible via this approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina M. Sonnleitner
- Institut für Organische ChemieUniversität RegensburgUniversitätsstrasse 3193053RegensburgGermany
| | - Saerom Park
- Institut für Organische ChemieUniversität RegensburgUniversitätsstrasse 3193053RegensburgGermany
| | - Robert Eckl
- Institut für Organische ChemieUniversität RegensburgUniversitätsstrasse 3193053RegensburgGermany
| | - Thomas Ertl
- Institut für Organische ChemieUniversität RegensburgUniversitätsstrasse 3193053RegensburgGermany
| | - Oliver Reiser
- Institut für Organische ChemieUniversität RegensburgUniversitätsstrasse 3193053RegensburgGermany
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8
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Sonnleitner CM, Park S, Eckl R, Ertl T, Reiser O. Stereoselektive Synthese von Tropanen über eine 6π‐elektrocyclische Ringöffnung/ Huisgen‐[3+2]‐Cycloadditionskaskade von monocyclopropanierten Heterocyclen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202006030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carina M. Sonnleitner
- Institut für Organische Chemie Universität Regensburg Universitätsstr. 31 93053 Regensburg Deutschland
| | - Saerom Park
- Institut für Organische Chemie Universität Regensburg Universitätsstr. 31 93053 Regensburg Deutschland
| | - Robert Eckl
- Institut für Organische Chemie Universität Regensburg Universitätsstr. 31 93053 Regensburg Deutschland
| | - Thomas Ertl
- Institut für Organische Chemie Universität Regensburg Universitätsstr. 31 93053 Regensburg Deutschland
| | - Oliver Reiser
- Institut für Organische Chemie Universität Regensburg Universitätsstr. 31 93053 Regensburg Deutschland
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9
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Rodriguez S, Uria U, Reyes E, Carrillo L, Tejero T, Merino P, Vicario JL. Enantioselective Synthesis of Tropanes: Brønsted Acid Catalyzed Pseudotransannular Desymmetrization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202000650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Rodriguez
- Department of Organic Chemistry IIUniversity of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) P.O. Box 644 48080 Bilbao Spain
| | - Uxue Uria
- Department of Organic Chemistry IIUniversity of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) P.O. Box 644 48080 Bilbao Spain
| | - Efraim Reyes
- Department of Organic Chemistry IIUniversity of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) P.O. Box 644 48080 Bilbao Spain
| | - Luisa Carrillo
- Department of Organic Chemistry IIUniversity of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) P.O. Box 644 48080 Bilbao Spain
| | - Tomás Tejero
- Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH)Universidad de Zaragoza CSIC 50009 Zaragoza Spain
| | - Pedro Merino
- Instituto de Biocomputación y Fisica de Sistemas Complejos (BIFI)Universidad de Zaragoza 50009 Zaragoza Spain
| | - Jose L. Vicario
- Department of Organic Chemistry IIUniversity of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) P.O. Box 644 48080 Bilbao Spain
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10
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Rodriguez S, Uria U, Reyes E, Carrillo L, Tejero T, Merino P, Vicario JL. Enantioselective Synthesis of Tropanes: Brønsted Acid Catalyzed Pseudotransannular Desymmetrization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:6780-6784. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202000650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Rodriguez
- Department of Organic Chemistry IIUniversity of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) P.O. Box 644 48080 Bilbao Spain
| | - Uxue Uria
- Department of Organic Chemistry IIUniversity of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) P.O. Box 644 48080 Bilbao Spain
| | - Efraim Reyes
- Department of Organic Chemistry IIUniversity of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) P.O. Box 644 48080 Bilbao Spain
| | - Luisa Carrillo
- Department of Organic Chemistry IIUniversity of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) P.O. Box 644 48080 Bilbao Spain
| | - Tomás Tejero
- Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH)Universidad de Zaragoza CSIC 50009 Zaragoza Spain
| | - Pedro Merino
- Instituto de Biocomputación y Fisica de Sistemas Complejos (BIFI)Universidad de Zaragoza 50009 Zaragoza Spain
| | - Jose L. Vicario
- Department of Organic Chemistry IIUniversity of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) P.O. Box 644 48080 Bilbao Spain
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11
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Afewerki S, Wang JX, Liao WW, Córdova A. The Chemical Synthesis and Applications of Tropane Alkaloids. THE ALKALOIDS. CHEMISTRY AND BIOLOGY 2018; 81:151-233. [PMID: 30685050 DOI: 10.1016/bs.alkal.2018.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Tropanes are an important class of alkaloid natural products that are found in plants all over the world. These compounds can exhibit significant biological activity and are among the oldest known medicines. In the early 19th century, tropanes were isolated, characterized, and synthesized by notable chemical researchers. Their significant biological activities have inspired tremendous research efforts toward their synthesis and the elucidation of their pharmacological activity both in academia and in industry. In this chapter, which addresses the developments in this field since 1994, the focus is on the synthesis of these compounds, and several examples of sophisticated synthetic protocols involving both asymmetric and catalytic approaches are described. In addition, the structures of more than 100 new alkaloids are included as well as the applications and pharmacological properties of some tropane alkaloids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samson Afewerki
- Department of Natural Sciences, Mid Sweden University, Sundsvall, Sweden; Berzelii Center EXSELENT, The Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jia-Xin Wang
- Department of Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Wei-Wei Liao
- Department of Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
| | - Armando Córdova
- Department of Natural Sciences, Mid Sweden University, Sundsvall, Sweden; Berzelii Center EXSELENT, The Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.
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12
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Koszelewski D, Trzepizur D, Zaorska E, Madej A, Brodzka A, Paprocki D, Borys F, Wilk M, Ostaszewski R. Facile Conversion of α-Acyloxy Amides into 3-Hydroxy-lactams. European J Org Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201800605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Koszelewski
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; Polish Academy of Sciences; Kasprzaka 44/52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
| | - Damian Trzepizur
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; Polish Academy of Sciences; Kasprzaka 44/52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
| | - Ewelina Zaorska
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; Polish Academy of Sciences; Kasprzaka 44/52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
| | - Arleta Madej
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; Polish Academy of Sciences; Kasprzaka 44/52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
| | - Anna Brodzka
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; Polish Academy of Sciences; Kasprzaka 44/52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
| | - Daniel Paprocki
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; Polish Academy of Sciences; Kasprzaka 44/52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
| | - Filip Borys
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; Polish Academy of Sciences; Kasprzaka 44/52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
| | - Monika Wilk
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; Polish Academy of Sciences; Kasprzaka 44/52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
| | - Ryszard Ostaszewski
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; Polish Academy of Sciences; Kasprzaka 44/52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
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13
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Jo H, Hassan AHE, Jung SY, Lee JK, Cho YS, Min SJ. Construction of 8-Azabicyclo[3.2.1]octanes via Sequential DDQ-Mediated Oxidative Mannich Reactions of N-Aryl Pyrrolidines. Org Lett 2018; 20:1175-1178. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b00098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hanbyeol Jo
- Department of Chemical & Molecular Engineering/Applied Chemistry, Hanyang University, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Ahmed H. E. Hassan
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Seung Young Jung
- Center
for Neuro-Medicine, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
- Department
of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Kyun Lee
- Center
for Neuro-Medicine, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Seo Cho
- Center
for Neuro-Medicine, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Joon Min
- Department of Chemical & Molecular Engineering/Applied Chemistry, Hanyang University, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do 15588, Republic of Korea
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14
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Furuta T. Design and Synthesis of Biaryl Amino Acids and Related Catalysts with Molecular Recognition Properties. J SYN ORG CHEM JPN 2018. [DOI: 10.5059/yukigoseikyokaishi.76.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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15
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Diastereoselective and enantioselective preparation of nor-mevaldic acid surrogates through desymmetrisation methodology. Enantioselective synthesis of (+) and (−) nor-mevalonic lactones. Tetrahedron 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2015.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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16
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Economical synthesis of 13C-labeled opiates, cocaine derivatives and selected urinary metabolites by derivatization of the natural products. Molecules 2015; 20:5329-45. [PMID: 25816077 PMCID: PMC6272324 DOI: 10.3390/molecules20045329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Revised: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The illegal use of opiates and cocaine is a challenge world-wide, but some derivatives are also valuable pharmaceuticals. Reference samples of the active ingredients and their metabolites are needed both for controlling administration in the clinic and to detect drugs of abuse. Especially, 13C-labeled compounds are useful for identification and quantification purposes by mass spectroscopic techniques, potentially increasing accuracy by minimizing ion alteration/suppression effects. Thus, the synthesis of [acetyl-13C4]heroin, [acetyl-13C4-methyl-13C]heroin, [acetyl-13C2-methyl-13C]6-acetylmorphine, [N-methyl-13C-O-metyl-13C]codeine and phenyl-13C6-labeled derivatives of cocaine, benzoylecgonine, norcocaine and cocaethylene was undertaken to provide such reference materials. The synthetic work has focused on identifying 13C atom-efficient routes towards these derivatives. Therefore, the 13C-labeled opiates and cocaine derivatives were made from the corresponding natural products.
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17
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Kumar I, Ramaraju P, Mir NA, Singh A. Linear dialdehydes as promising substrates for aminocatalyzed transformations. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 13:1280-93. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ob01805b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Linear dialdehydes: This article summarizes the recent utilization of linear dialdehydes as appropriate substrates for amine catalyzed cascade/domino transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indresh Kumar
- Department of Chemistry
- Birla Institute of Technology and Science-Pilani
- India
| | - Panduga Ramaraju
- Department of Chemistry
- Birla Institute of Technology and Science-Pilani
- India
| | - Nisar A. Mir
- Department of Chemistry
- Birla Institute of Technology and Science-Pilani
- India
| | - Anoop Singh
- Department of Chemistry
- Birla Institute of Technology and Science-Pilani
- India
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18
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19
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Ando S, Matsunaga H, Ishizuka T. Use of a DesymmetrizedmesoMolecule as a Chiral Ligand: Development of Chiral N-Heterocyclic Carbene Ligands for Asymmetric Allylic Arylations with Grignard Reagents. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201402089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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20
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Efficient synthesis of unnatural dipeptides based on cis-2,5-disubstituted pyrrolidine. Amino Acids 2012; 42:2121-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s00726-011-0949-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2011] [Accepted: 05/19/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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21
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Bisai V, Bisai A, Singh VK. Enantioselective organocatalytic aldol reaction using small organic molecules. Tetrahedron 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2012.03.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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22
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Remeš M, Veselý J. Highly Enantioselective Organocatalytic Formation of Functionalized Cyclopentane Derivatives via Tandem Conjugate Addition/α-Alkylation of Enals. European J Org Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201200334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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23
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Córdova A, Lin S, Tseggai A. Concise Catalytic Asymmetric Total Synthesis of Biologically Active Tropane Alkaloids. Adv Synth Catal 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201100917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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24
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Redford JE, McDonald RI, Rigsby ML, Wiensch JD, Stahl SS. Stereoselective synthesis of cis-2,5-disubstituted pyrrolidines via Wacker-type aerobic oxidative cyclization of alkenes with tert-butanesulfinamide nucleophiles. Org Lett 2012; 14:1242-5. [PMID: 22352383 DOI: 10.1021/ol3000519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Palladium(II)-catalyzed aerobic oxidative cyclization of alkenes with tethered tert-butanesulfinamides furnishes enantiopure 2,5-disubstituted pyrrolidines, originating from readily available and easily diversified starting materials. These reactions are the first reported examples of metal-catalyzed addition of sulfinamide nucleophiles to alkenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne E Redford
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
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25
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Davis FA, Gaddiraju NV, Theddu N, Hummel JR, Kondaveeti SK, Zdilla MJ. Enantioselective synthesis of cocaine C-1 analogues using sulfinimines (N-sulfinyl imines). J Org Chem 2012; 77:2345-59. [PMID: 22300308 DOI: 10.1021/jo202652f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The first examples of cocaine analogues having substituents (methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, n-pentyl, and phenyl) at the C-1 position of the cocaine tropane skeleton were prepared by heating sulfinimine-derived α,β-unsaturated pyrrolidine nitrones. In the presence of the Lewis acid Al(O(t)Bu)(3) the nitrones undergo an intramolecular [3 + 2] cycloaddition to give tricyclic isoxazolidines that were transformed in three steps to the cocaine analogues. In the absence of the Lewis acid, lactams were formed resulting from rearrangement of the nitrone to an oxaziridine. A novel Pd- and base-promoted rearrangement of methanesulfonate salts of isoxazolidine to bridge bicyclic[4.2.1]isoxazolidines was discovered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franklin A Davis
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA.
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26
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Waser M. Enamine Catalysis. ASYMMETRIC ORGANOCATALYSIS IN NATURAL PRODUCT SYNTHESES 2012:7-44. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-7091-1163-5_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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27
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Amara Z, Drège E, Troufflard C, Retailleau P, Joseph D. Solvent-free double aza-Michael under ultrasound irradiation: diastereoselective sequential one-pot synthesis of pyrrolidine Lobelia alkaloids analogues. Org Biomol Chem 2012; 10:7148-57. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ob25963j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zacharias Amara
- Université Paris Sud, Equipe de Chimie des Substances naturelles, UMR CNRS 8076 BioCIS, Châtenay-Malabry, France
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28
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Schultz DM, Wolfe JP. Intramolecular alkene carboamination reactions for the synthesis of enantiomerically enriched tropane derivatives. Org Lett 2011; 13:2962-5. [PMID: 21561145 PMCID: PMC3103612 DOI: 10.1021/ol201051q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of tropane derivatives via intramolecular Pd-catalyzed alkene difunctionalization reactions is described. Enantiopure N-aryl-γ-aminoalkenes bearing an aryl or alkenyl halide adjacent to the amino group were converted to benzo- or cycloalkenyl-fused tropane products in good yield and with no loss of enantiopurity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle M. Schultz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 N. University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109-1055
| | - John P. Wolfe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 N. University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109-1055
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29
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Shing TKM, So KH. Facile and enantiospecific syntheses of (6S,7R)-6-chloro-7-benzyloxy-, (7S)-halo-, and (7S)-hydroxy-cocaine and natural (-)-cocaine from D-(-)-ribose. Org Lett 2011; 13:2916-9. [PMID: 21545090 DOI: 10.1021/ol2009686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
First syntheses of C6,7 and C7 enantiopure cocaine analogues were achieved from D-(-)-ribose via a trans-acetonide controlled endo-selective intramolecular nitrone-alkene cycloaddition (INAC) as the key step. This synthetic scheme allows practical preparation of cocaine analogues for bioevaluation as potential candidates for the treatment of cocaine addiction and as potential conjugates for immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tony K M Shing
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Novel Functional Molecules, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China.
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30
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Moyano A, Rios R. Asymmetric organocatalytic cyclization and cycloaddition reactions. Chem Rev 2011; 111:4703-832. [PMID: 21615119 DOI: 10.1021/cr100348t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 712] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Albert Moyano
- Departament de Química Orgànica, Facultat de Química, Universitat de Barcelona, C. Martí i Franquès 1-11, 08028-Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
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31
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Cheng G, Wang X, Zhu R, Shao C, Xu J, Hu Y. Total synthesis of (-)-cocaine and (-)-ferruginine. J Org Chem 2011; 76:2694-700. [PMID: 21391709 DOI: 10.1021/jo200069m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Total synthesis of tropane alkaloids (-)-cocaine and (-)-ferruginine were accomplished in nine steps each and in 55% and 46% overall yields, respectively, starting from the known Betti base derivative (+)-(7aR,10R,12S)-10-(1H-benzotriazol-1-yl)-7a,8,9,10-tetrahydro-12-phenyl-12H-naphtho[1,2-e]pyrrolo[2,1-b][1,3]oxazine. In this novel route, RCM reaction and 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition were employed as key steps for the enantioselective construction of tropane skeleton and the regioselective introduction of 3-bromo-2-isoxazoline ring as masked cis-2,3-disubstituents. To obtain the desired precursor (2S,5R)-2-allyl-5-vinylpyrrolidine for RCM reaction, we developed a general and practical method for the preparation of enantiopure cis-2,5-disubstituted pyrrolidines bearing alkene- and/or alkyne-containing substituents. We also offered two highly efficient pathways for the conversion of the 3-bromo-2-isoxazoline ring into the desired cis-2,3-disubstituted groups in (-)-cocaine and (-)-ferruginine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guolin Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
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32
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Sarkar SM, Taira Y, Nakano A, Takahashi K, Ishihara J, Hatakeyama S. Organocatalytic asymmetric synthesis of quinine and quinidine. Tetrahedron Lett 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2010.12.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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33
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Kumar I, Rode CV. Proline catalyzed direct diastereoselective 6-enolexo aldolization: toward the synthesis of the imino sugar DNJ. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2010.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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34
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Davis FA, Theddu N, Edupuganti R. Asymmetric Total Synthesis of (S)-(+)-Cocaine and the First Synthesis of Cocaine C-1 Analogs from N-Sulfinyl β-Amino Ester Ketals. Org Lett 2010; 12:4118-21. [DOI: 10.1021/ol1017118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Franklin A. Davis
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122
| | - Naresh Theddu
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122
| | - Ram Edupuganti
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122
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35
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Li J, Fu N, Li X, Luo S, Cheng JP. Chiral Primary−Tertiary Diamine−Brønsted Acid Salt Catalyzed Syn-Selective Cross-Aldol Reaction of Aldehydes. J Org Chem 2010; 75:4501-7. [DOI: 10.1021/jo100976e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiuyuan Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecule Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory for Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190 China
| | - Niankai Fu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecule Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory for Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190 China
| | - Xin Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecule Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory for Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190 China
| | - Sanzhong Luo
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecule Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory for Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190 China
| | - Jin-Pei Cheng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecule Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory for Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190 China
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36
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Davis FA, Theddu N, Gaspari PM. Asymmetric synthesis of substituted tropinones using the intramolecular mannich cyclization reaction and acyclic N-sulfinyl beta-amino ketone ketals. Org Lett 2009; 11:1647-50. [PMID: 19278245 DOI: 10.1021/ol9002948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Sulfinimine-derived, enantiopure N-sulfinyl beta-amino ketone ketals on hydrolysis give dehydropyrrolidine ketones that on treatment with (Boc)(2)O/DMAP afford substituted tropinones in good yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franklin A Davis
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA
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37
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Shing T, Wong W, Ikeno T, Yamada T. Stereo- and Regioselectivity in an Intramolecular Nitrone-Alkene Cycloaddition of Hept-6-enoses with atrans-Acetonide Blocking Group. Chemistry 2009; 15:2693-707. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.200800867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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38
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An expeditious and high-yield formal synthesis of hirsutene using Rh(I)-catalyzed [(5+2)+1] cycloaddition. Tetrahedron Lett 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2008.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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39
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Duarte FJS, Cabrita EJ, Frenking G, Santos AG. Mechanistic Study of Intramolecular Aldol Reactions of Dialdehydes. European J Org Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200800222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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40
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Affiliation(s)
- Santanu Mukherjee
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, D-45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
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41
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Kotsuki H, Ikishima H, Okuyama A. Organocatalytic Asymmetric Synthesis Using Proline and Related Molecules. Part 1. HETEROCYCLES 2008. [DOI: 10.3987/rev-07-620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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42
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Guillena G, Nájera C, Ramón DJ. Enantioselective direct aldol reaction: the blossoming of modern organocatalysis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2007.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 311] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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43
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Pollini GP, Benetti S, De Risi C, Zanirato V. Synthetic approaches to enantiomerically pure 8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane derivatives. Chem Rev 2007; 106:2434-54. [PMID: 16771455 DOI: 10.1021/cr050995+] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gian P Pollini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 17-19, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy.
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44
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Marcia de Figueiredo R, Christmann M. Organocatalytic Synthesis of Drugs and Bioactive Natural Products. European J Org Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200700032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 341] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mathias Christmann
- RWTH Aachen, Institute of Organic Chemistry Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany, Fax: +49‐241‐8092127
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45
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46
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Chen SH, Hong BC, Su CF, Sarshar S. An unexpected inversion of enantioselectivity in the proline catalyzed intramolecular Baylis–Hillman reaction. Tetrahedron Lett 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2005.10.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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47
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Padwa A, Lynch SM, Mejía-Oneto JM, Zhang H. Cycloaddition Chemistry of 2-Vinyl-Substituted Indoles and Related Heteroaromatic Systems. J Org Chem 2005; 70:2206-18. [PMID: 15760207 DOI: 10.1021/jo047834a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
[reaction: see text] The intramolecular Diels-Alder cycloaddition reaction (IMDAF) of several N-phenylsulfonylindolyl-substituted furanyl carbamates containing a tethered pi-bond on the indole ring were examined as an approach to the iboga alkaloid catharanthine. Only in the case where the tethered pi-bond contained two carbomethoxy groups did the [4 + 2]-cycloaddition occur. Push-pull dipoles generated from the Rh(II)-catalyzed reaction of diazo imides, on the other hand, undergo successful intramolecular 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition across both alkenyl and heteroaromatic pi-bonds to provide novel pentacyclic compounds in good yield and in a stereocontrolled fashion. The facility of the cycloaddition was found to be critically dependent on conformational factors in the transition state. Ligand substitution in the rhodium(II) catalyst markedly altered the product ratio between [3 + 2]-cycloaddition and intramolecular C-H insertion. The variation in reactivity reflects the difference in electrophilicity between the various rhodium carbenoid intermediates. Intramolecular C-H insertion is enhanced with the more electrophilic carbene generated using Rh(II) perfluorobutyrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Padwa
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA.
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