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Bhamboo P, Bera S, Mondal D. TiCl
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‐Promoted Asymmetric Aldol Reaction of Oxazolidinones and its Sulphur‐Congeners for Natural Product Synthesis. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202100432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Prateek Bhamboo
- School of Chemical Sciences Central University of Gujarat Gandhinagar 382030 Gujarat India
| | - Smritilekha Bera
- School of Chemical Sciences Central University of Gujarat Gandhinagar 382030 Gujarat India
| | - Dhananjoy Mondal
- School of Chemical Sciences Central University of Gujarat Gandhinagar 382030 Gujarat India
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2
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Fernandes RA, Gangani AJ, Kumari A, Kumar P. A Decade of Muricatacin Synthesis and Beyond. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202000665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rodney A. Fernandes
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Bombay 400076 Powai Mumbai Maharashtra India
| | - Ashvin J. Gangani
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Bombay 400076 Powai Mumbai Maharashtra India
| | - Anupama Kumari
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Bombay 400076 Powai Mumbai Maharashtra India
| | - Praveen Kumar
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Bombay 400076 Powai Mumbai Maharashtra India
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3
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Prabhakar Reddy D, Yu B. Total Synthesis of Macrocyclic Dysoxylactam A. Chem Asian J 2020; 15:2467-2469. [PMID: 32667142 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202000482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The total synthesis of dysoxylactam A, a novel 17-membered macrolactam with potent multi-drug-resistant reversing activities, has been achieved, starting from 4-pentene-1-al in a longest linear sequence of 17 steps and 9.5% overall yield. The key transformations consist of iterative aldol and ring-closing metathesis reactions for the construction of the stereochemically enriched polypropionate scaffold and the macrocycle, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Prabhakar Reddy
- Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cai Lun Road, Shanghai, 201203, China.,State Key Laboratory of Bio-organic and Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Biao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-organic and Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.,School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Sub-lane Xiangshan, Hangzhou, 310024, China
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4
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Doerksen RS, Meyer CC, Krische MJ. Feedstock Reagents in Metal-Catalyzed Carbonyl Reductive Coupling: Minimizing Preactivation for Efficiency in Target-Oriented Synthesis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:14055-14064. [PMID: 31162793 PMCID: PMC6764920 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201905532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Use of abundant feedstock pronucleophiles in catalytic carbonyl reductive coupling enhances efficiency in target-oriented synthesis. For such reactions, equally inexpensive reductants are desired or, ideally, corresponding hydrogen autotransfer processes may be enacted wherein alcohols serve dually as reductant and carbonyl proelectrophile. As described in this Minireview, these concepts allow reactions that traditionally require preformed organometallic reagents to be conducted catalytically in a byproduct-free manner from inexpensive π-unsaturated precursors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosalie S. Doerksen
- University of Texas at Austin, Department of Chemistry Welch Hall (A5300), 105 E 24 St., Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Cole C. Meyer
- University of Texas at Austin, Department of Chemistry Welch Hall (A5300), 105 E 24 St., Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Michael J. Krische
- University of Texas at Austin, Department of Chemistry Welch Hall (A5300), 105 E 24 St., Austin, TX 78712, USA
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5
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Doerksen RS, Meyer CC, Krische MJ. Feedstock Reagents in Metal‐Catalyzed Carbonyl Reductive Coupling: Minimizing Preactivation for Efficiency in Target‐Oriented Synthesis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201905532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rosalie S. Doerksen
- University of Texas at Austin Department of Chemistry 105 E 24th St. (A5300) Austin TX 78712-1167 USA
| | - Cole C. Meyer
- University of Texas at Austin Department of Chemistry 105 E 24th St. (A5300) Austin TX 78712-1167 USA
| | - Michael J. Krische
- University of Texas at Austin Department of Chemistry 105 E 24th St. (A5300) Austin TX 78712-1167 USA
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6
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Kumar GC, Satyanarayana V, Muralikrishna K, Yadav JS. Studies towards the Synthesis of Portentol. ChemistrySelect 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201801798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Vavilapalli Satyanarayana
- Center for Semiochemicals; CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, Telangana; 500076
| | - Katta Muralikrishna
- Center for Semiochemicals; CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, Telangana; 500076
| | - Jhillu Singh Yadav
- Center for Semiochemicals; CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, Telangana; 500076
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7
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Stephens TC, Lawer A, French T, Unsworth WP. Iterative Assembly of Macrocyclic Lactones using Successive Ring Expansion Reactions. Chemistry 2018; 24:13947-13953. [PMID: 30011360 PMCID: PMC6334170 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201803064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Revised: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Macrocyclic lactones can be prepared from lactams and hydroxyacid derivatives via an efficient 3- or 4-atom iterative ring expansion protocol. The products can also be expanded using amino acid-based linear fragments, meaning that macrocycles with precise sequences of hydroxy- and amino acids can be assembled in high yields by "growing" them from smaller rings, using a simple procedure in which high dilution is not required. The method should significantly expedite the practical synthesis of diverse nitrogen containing macrolide frameworks.
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8
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Highly diastereoselective boron and titanium mediated aldol reactions of a mannitol derived 2,3-butanediacetal ethyl ketone. Tetrahedron 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2018.06.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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9
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Abstract
Small molecules have extensive untapped potential to benefit society, but access to this potential is too often restricted by limitations inherent to the customized approach currently used to synthesize this class of chemical matter. In contrast, the "building block approach", i.e., generalized iterative assembly of interchangeable parts, has now proven to be a highly efficient and flexible way to construct things ranging all the way from skyscrapers to macromolecules to artificial intelligence algorithms. The structural redundancy found in many small molecules suggests that they possess a similar capacity for generalized building block-based construction. It is also encouraging that many customized iterative synthesis methods have been developed that improve access to specific classes of small molecules. There has also been substantial recent progress toward the iterative assembly of many different types of small molecules, including complex natural products, pharmaceuticals, biological probes, and materials, using common building blocks and coupling chemistry. Collectively, these advances suggest that a generalized building block approach for small molecule synthesis may be within reach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan W Lehmann
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Daniel J Blair
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Martin D Burke
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA and Carle-Illinois College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL 61820, USA
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10
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Satyanarayana V, Muralikrishna K, Kumar GC, Kumar AS, Babu NJ, Yadav JS. Studies towards the Synthesis of Thermolide-6′. ChemistrySelect 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201702958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Vavilapalli Satyanarayana
- Center for Semiochemicals, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology; CSIR- Indian Institute of Chemical Technology; Hyderabad− 500007 India
| | - Katta Muralikrishna
- Center for Semiochemicals, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology; CSIR- Indian Institute of Chemical Technology; Hyderabad− 500007 India
| | - Gavireddy Chaithanya Kumar
- Center for Semiochemicals, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology; CSIR- Indian Institute of Chemical Technology; Hyderabad− 500007 India
| | - Alleni Suman Kumar
- Center for Semiochemicals, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology; CSIR- Indian Institute of Chemical Technology; Hyderabad− 500007 India
| | - Nanubolu Jagadeesh Babu
- Laboratory of X-ray crystallography, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology; CSIR- Indian Institute of Chemical Technology; Hyderabad− 500007 India
| | - Jhillu Singh Yadav
- Center for Semiochemicals, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology; CSIR- Indian Institute of Chemical Technology; Hyderabad− 500007 India
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11
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Heterocyclic Chiral Auxiliaries in Total Synthesis of Natural Products. TOPICS IN HETEROCYCLIC CHEMISTRY 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/7081_2018_26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
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12
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Abstract
An overview of the highlights in total synthesis of natural products using iridium as a catalyst is given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changchun Yuan
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- North University of China
- Taiyuan 030051
- PR China
| | - Bo Liu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610064
- PR China
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13
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Abstract
The application of small molecules as catalysts for the diversification of natural product scaffolds is reviewed. Specifically, principles that relate to the selectivity challenges intrinsic to complex molecular scaffolds are summarized. The synthesis of analogues of natural products by this approach is then described as a quintessential "late-stage functionalization" exercise wherein natural products serve as the lead scaffolds. Given the historical application of enzymatic catalysts to the site-selective alteration of complex molecules, the focus of this Review is on the recent studies of nonenzymatic catalysts. Reactions involving hydroxyl group derivatization with a variety of electrophilic reagents are discussed. C-H bond functionalizations that lead to oxidations, aminations, and halogenations are also presented. Several examples of site-selective olefin functionalizations and C-C bond formations are also included. Numerous classes of natural products have been subjected to these studies of site-selective alteration including polyketides, glycopeptides, terpenoids, macrolides, alkaloids, carbohydrates, and others. What emerges is a platform for chemical remodeling of naturally occurring scaffolds that targets virtually all known chemical functionalities and microenvironments. However, challenges for the design of very broad classes of catalysts, with even broader selectivity demands (e.g., stereoselectivity, functional group selectivity, and site-selectivity) persist. Yet, a significant spectrum of powerful, catalytic alterations of complex natural products now exists such that expansion of scope seems inevitable. Several instances of biological activity assays of remodeled natural product derivatives are also presented. These reports may foreshadow further interdisciplinary impacts for catalytic remodeling of natural products, including contributions to SAR development, mode of action studies, and eventually medicinal chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher R. Shugrue
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Scott J. Miller
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
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14
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Abstract
A short and convergent strategy for the stereoselective total synthesis of biologically active natural product carolacton has been accomplished. Our synthesis highlights the Urpi acetal aldol, Crimmins aldol, Ireland-Claisen rearrangement, TiCl4-assisted aldol followed by β-hydroxy elimination to construct C7-C8 olefin, and ring-closing metathesis as the key steps for achieving the target molecule with an overall yield of 18.8%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tapan Kumar Kuilya
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science , Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Rajib Kumar Goswami
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science , Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
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15
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Rao PS, Srihari P. A facile approach for the synthesis of C13-C24 fragments of maltepolides A, C and D. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:9629-9638. [PMID: 27714218 DOI: 10.1039/c6ob01447j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A linear, chiron approach for the synthesis of C13-C24 fragments of cytostatic maltepolides A, C and D consisting of a tetrahydrofuran subunit and a chiral alkenyl/alkyl substituent is achieved from (+)-diethyl l-tartrate. The other chiral stereocenters were generated by employing key reactions such as Crimmins aldol, alkynylation and CeCl3·7H2O mediated Luche reduction reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Sankara Rao
- Division of Natural Products Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500 007, India.
| | - P Srihari
- Division of Natural Products Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500 007, India.
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16
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Kennington SCD, Romo JM, Romea P, Urpí F. Stereoselective Synthesis of the C9-C19 Fragment of Peloruside A. Org Lett 2016; 18:3018-21. [PMID: 27258784 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.6b01428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A concise synthesis of the C9-C19 fragment of peloruside A that is both highly stereoselective and efficient is described. Achieving an overall yield of 23% over 14 steps, this synthesis not only is high yielding but also involves four chromatography steps. This approach is based on the addition of metal enolates of chiral auxiliary scaffolds generated by either catalytic or stoichiometric amounts of nickel(II) or titanium(IV) Lewis acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart C D Kennington
- Secció de Química Orgànica, Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica and Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona , Carrer Martí i Franqués 1-11, 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Juan M Romo
- Secció de Química Orgànica, Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica and Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona , Carrer Martí i Franqués 1-11, 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Pedro Romea
- Secció de Química Orgànica, Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica and Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona , Carrer Martí i Franqués 1-11, 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Fèlix Urpí
- Secció de Química Orgànica, Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica and Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona , Carrer Martí i Franqués 1-11, 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
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17
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Feng J, Kasun ZA, Krische MJ. Enantioselective Alcohol C-H Functionalization for Polyketide Construction: Unlocking Redox-Economy and Site-Selectivity for Ideal Chemical Synthesis. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:5467-78. [PMID: 27113543 PMCID: PMC4871165 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b02019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The development and application of stereoselective and site-selective catalytic methods that directly convert lower alcohols to higher alcohols are described. These processes merge the characteristics of transfer hydrogenation and carbonyl addition, exploiting alcohols and π-unsaturated reactants as redox pairs, which upon hydrogen transfer generate transient carbonyl-organometal pairs en route to products of C-C coupling. Unlike classical carbonyl additions, stoichiometric organometallic reagents and discrete alcohol-to-carbonyl redox reactions are not required. Additionally, due to a kinetic preference for primary alcohol dehydrogenation, the site-selective modification of glycols and higher polyols is possible, streamlining or eliminating use of protecting groups. The total syntheses of several iconic type I polyketide natural products were undertaken using these methods. In each case, the target compounds were prepared in significantly fewer steps than previously achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajie Feng
- University of Texas at Austin, Department of Chemistry, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Zachary A. Kasun
- University of Texas at Austin, Department of Chemistry, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Michael J. Krische
- University of Texas at Austin, Department of Chemistry, Austin, TX 78712, USA
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18
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Banoth S, Maity S, Kumar SR, Yadav JS, Mohapatra DK. Formal Total Synthesis of Brevisamide by Using a Tandem Isomerization/C-O and C-C Bond Formation Reaction. European J Org Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201600142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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20
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Zheng K, Xie C, Hong R. Bioinspired iterative synthesis of polyketides. Front Chem 2015; 3:32. [PMID: 26052510 PMCID: PMC4439576 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2015.00032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Diverse array of biopolymers and second metabolites (particularly polyketide natural products) has been manufactured in nature through an enzymatic iterative assembly of simple building blocks. Inspired by this strategy, molecules with inherent modularity can be efficiently synthesized by repeated succession of similar reaction sequences. This privileged strategy has been widely adopted in synthetic supramolecular chemistry. Its value also has been reorganized in natural product synthesis. A brief overview of this approach is given with a particular emphasis on the total synthesis of polyol-embedded polyketides, a class of vastly diverse structures and biologically significant natural products. This viewpoint also illustrates the limits of known individual modules in terms of diastereoselectivity and enantioselectivity. More efficient and practical iterative strategies are anticipated to emerge in the future development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ran Hong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry of Natural Substances, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai, China
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22
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Aímola TJ, Lima DJP, Dias LC, Tormena CF, Ferreira MAB. 1H chemical shift differences of Prelog–Djerassi lactone derivatives: DFT and NMR conformational studies. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 13:2140-5. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ob02446j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
This work reports an experimental and theoretical study of the conformational preferences of several Prelog–Djerassi lactone derivatives, to elucidate the1H NMR chemical shift differences in the lactonic core that are associated with the relative stereochemistry of these derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Túlio J. Aímola
- Laboratório de Química Bio-orgânica e Laboratório de Cristalografia
- Estereodinâmica e Modelagem Molecular
- Universidade Federal de São Carlos
- São Carlos
- Brazil
| | - Dimas J. P. Lima
- Universidade Federal de Alagoas
- Maceió
- Brazil
- Chemistry Institute
- State University of Campinas
| | | | | | - Marco A. B. Ferreira
- Laboratório de Química Bio-orgânica e Laboratório de Cristalografia
- Estereodinâmica e Modelagem Molecular
- Universidade Federal de São Carlos
- São Carlos
- Brazil
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23
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Li Y, Fiers WD, Bernard S, Smith JL, Aldrich CC, Fecik RA. Polyketide intermediate mimics as probes for revealing cryptic stereochemistry of ketoreductase domains. ACS Chem Biol 2014; 9:2914-22. [PMID: 25299319 PMCID: PMC4273979 DOI: 10.1021/cb5006883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2014] [Accepted: 10/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Among natural product families, polyketides have shown the most promise for combinatorial biosynthesis of natural product-like libraries. Though recent research in the area has provided many mechanistic revelations, a basic-level understanding of kinetic and substrate tolerability is still needed before the full potential of combinatorial biosynthesis can be realized. We have developed a novel set of chemical probes for the study of ketoreductase domains of polyketide synthases. This chemical tool-based approach was validated using the ketoreductase of pikromycin module 2 (PikKR2) as a model system. Triketide substrate mimics 12 and 13 were designed to increase stability (incorporating a nonhydrolyzable thioether linkage) and minimize nonessential functionality (truncating the phosphopantetheinyl arm). PikKR2 reduction product identities as well as steady-state kinetic parameters were determined by a combination of LC-MS/MS analysis of synthetic standards and a NADPH consumption assay. The d-hydroxyl product is consistent with bioinformatic analysis and results from a complementary biochemical and molecular biological approach. When compared to widely employed substrates in previous studies, diketide 63 and trans-decalone 64, substrates 12 and 13 showed 2-10 fold lower K(M) values (2.4 ± 0.8 and 7.8 ± 2.7 mM, respectively), indicating molecular recognition of intermediate-like substrates. Due to an abundance of the nonreducable enol-tautomer, the k(cat) values were attenuated by as much as 15-336 fold relative to known substrates. This study reveals the high stereoselectivity of PikKR2 in the face of gross substrate permutation, highlighting the utility of a chemical probe-based approach in the study of polyketide ketoreductases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - William D. Fiers
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Steffen
M. Bernard
- Chemical Biology Program, Department of Biological
Chemistry,
and Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Janet L. Smith
- Chemical Biology Program, Department of Biological
Chemistry,
and Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Courtney C. Aldrich
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Robert A. Fecik
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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Das S, Goswami RK. Stereoselective Total Synthesis of Marine Cyclodepsipeptide Calcaripeptides A–C. J Org Chem 2014; 79:9778-91. [DOI: 10.1021/jo5019798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sayantan Das
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata-700032, India
| | - Rajib Kumar Goswami
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata-700032, India
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25
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Yadav JS, Gyanchander E, Das S. Application of oxetane ring opening toward stereoselective synthesis of zincophorin fragment. Tetrahedron Lett 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2014.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Yadav JS, Singh VK, Srihari P. Formation of substituted tetrahydropyrans through oxetane ring opening: application to the synthesis of C1-C17 fragment of salinomycin. Org Lett 2014; 16:836-9. [PMID: 24479786 DOI: 10.1021/ol403604u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The stereoselective synthesis of C1-C17 fragment of salinomycin is achieved. The strategy employs a desymmetrization approach and utilizes an intramolecular oxetane opening reaction with O-nucleophile to result in the tetrahydropyran skeleton as the key step.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Yadav
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, ‡Division of Natural Products Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology , Hyderabad-500007, India
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Mahajan A, Hans R, Chibale K, Kumar V. Synthesis and medicinal chemistry of selected antitubercular natural products and natural product derivatives. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra46124f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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28
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Yadav JS, Gyanchander E, Mishra AK, Adithya P, Das S. Novel iodine catalyzed diastereoselective synthesis of trans-2,6-disubstituted tetrahydro-2H-pyrans: synthesis of C1–C13 fragment of bistramide-A. Tetrahedron Lett 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2013.08.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Risgaard R, Nielsen SD, Hansen KB, Jensen CM, Nielsen B, Traynelis SF, Clausen RP. Development of 2'-substituted (2S,1'R,2'S)-2-(carboxycyclopropyl)glycine analogues as potent N-methyl-d-aspartic acid receptor agonists. J Med Chem 2013; 56:4071-81. [PMID: 23614571 DOI: 10.1021/jm400346a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A series of 2'-substituted analogues of the selective NMDA receptor ligand (2S,1'R,2'S)-2-(carboxycyclopropyl)glycine ((S)-CCG-IV) have been designed, synthesized, and pharmacologically characterized. The design was based on a docking study hypothesizing that substituents in the 2'-position would protrude into a region where differences among the NMDA receptor GluN2 subunits exist. Various synthetic routes were explored, and two different routes provided a series of alkyl-substituted analogues. Pharmacological characterization revealed that these compounds are NMDA receptor agonists and that potency decreases with increasing size of the alkyl groups. Variations in agonist activity are observed at the different recombinant NMDA receptor subtypes. This study demonstrates that it is possible to introduce substituents in the 2'-position of (S)-CCG-IV while maintaining agonist activity and that variation among NMDA receptor subtypes may be achieved by probing this region of the receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rune Risgaard
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2 Universitetsparken, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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30
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Gao X, Woo SK, Krische MJ. Total synthesis of 6-deoxyerythronolide B via C-C bond-forming transfer hydrogenation. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:4223-6. [PMID: 23464668 PMCID: PMC3625983 DOI: 10.1021/ja4008722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The 14-membered macrolide 6-deoxyerythronolide B is prepared in 14 steps (longest linear sequence) and 20 total steps. Two different methods for alcohol CH-crotylation via transfer hydrogenation are deployed for the first time in target-oriented synthesis. Enyne metathesis is used to form the 14-membered ring. The present approach represents the most concise construction of any erythronolide reported, to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Gao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
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31
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32
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Funktionalisierung von C-H-Bindungen: neue Synthesemethoden für Naturstoffe und Pharmazeutika. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201201666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 756] [Impact Index Per Article: 63.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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33
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Yamaguchi J, Yamaguchi AD, Itami K. CH Bond Functionalization: Emerging Synthetic Tools for Natural Products and Pharmaceuticals. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 51:8960-9009. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201201666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2423] [Impact Index Per Article: 201.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2012] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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34
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Crimmins MT, Dechert AMR. Enantioselective synthesis of the C1-C6 and C7-C23 fragments of the proposed structure of iriomoteolide 1a. Org Lett 2012; 14:2366-9. [PMID: 22512249 PMCID: PMC3345064 DOI: 10.1021/ol300785c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Synthesis of the C1-C6 and C7-C23 fragments of the proposed structure of iriomoteolide 1a has been accomplished. Key steps include a cross metathesis to form the C15-C16 E olefin and a chelation controlled Grignard addition to form the tertiary alcohol at C14. Notably, 7 of the 9 stereocenters of the proposed structure have been set using various aldol reactions employing metallo enolates of thiazolidinethiones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael T Crimmins
- Kenan, Caudill, Venable and Murray Laboratories of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States.
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36
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Piasecki SK, Taylor CA, Detelich JF, Liu J, Zheng J, Komsoukaniants A, Siegel DR, Keatinge-Clay AT. Employing modular polyketide synthase ketoreductases as biocatalysts in the preparative chemoenzymatic syntheses of diketide chiral building blocks. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 18:1331-40. [PMID: 22035802 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2011.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2010] [Revised: 07/18/2011] [Accepted: 07/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Chiral building blocks are valuable intermediates in the syntheses of natural products and pharmaceuticals. A scalable chemoenzymatic route to chiral diketides has been developed that includes the general synthesis of α-substituted, β-ketoacyl N-acetylcysteamine thioesters followed by a biocatalytic cycle in which a glucose-fueled NADPH-regeneration system drives reductions catalyzed by isolated modular polyketide synthase (PKS) ketoreductases (KRs). To identify KRs that operate as active, stereospecific biocatalysts, 11 isolated KRs were incubated with 5 diketides and their products were analyzed by chiral chromatography. KRs that naturally reduce small polyketide intermediates were the most active and stereospecific toward the panel of diketides. Several biocatalytic reactions were scaled up to yield more than 100 mg of product. These syntheses demonstrate the ability of PKS enzymes to economically and greenly generate diverse chiral building blocks on a preparative scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shawn K Piasecki
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
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37
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38
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Stang EM, White MC. On the macrocyclization of the erythromycin core: preorganization is not required. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 50:2094-7. [PMID: 21344559 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201007309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2010] [Revised: 12/31/2010] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Erik M Stang
- Department of Chemistry, Roger Adams Laboratory, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
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39
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Stang EM, White MC. On the Macrocyclization of the Erythromycin Core: Preorganization is Not Required. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201007309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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40
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Chandra B, Fu D, Nelson S. Catalytic Asymmetric Synthesis of Complex Polypropionates: Lewis Base Catalyzed Aldol Equivalents in the Synthesis of Erythronolide B. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010; 49:2591-4. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.200906245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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41
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Chandra B, Fu D, Nelson S. Catalytic Asymmetric Synthesis of Complex Polypropionates: Lewis Base Catalyzed Aldol Equivalents in the Synthesis of Erythronolide B. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200906245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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42
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Ko KS, Alexander MD, Fontaine SD, Biggs-Houck JE, La Clair JJ, Burkart MD. Synthetic studies on the mycolactone core. Org Biomol Chem 2010; 8:5159-65. [DOI: 10.1039/c0ob00540a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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43
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Mortison JD, Kittendorf JD, Sherman DH. Synthesis and biochemical analysis of complex chain-elongation intermediates for interrogation of molecular specificity in the erythromycin and pikromycin polyketide synthases. J Am Chem Soc 2009; 131:15784-93. [PMID: 19810731 PMCID: PMC2796446 DOI: 10.1021/ja9060596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The 6-deoxyerythronolide B synthase (DEBS) and pikromycin (Pik) polyketide synthase (PKS) are unique multifunctional enzyme systems that are responsible for the biosynthesis of the erythromycin and pikromycin 14-membered ring aglycones, respectively. Together, these natural product biosynthetic systems provide excellent platforms to examine the fundamental structural and catalytic elements that govern polyketide assembly, processing, and macrocyclization. In these studies, the native pentaketide intermediate for DEBS was synthesized and employed for in vitro chemoenzymatic synthesis of macrolactone products in engineered monomodules Ery5, Ery5-TE, and Ery6. A comparative analysis was performed with the corresponding Pik module 5 (PikAIII) and module 6 (PikAIV), dissecting key similarities and differences between these highly related PKSs. The data revealed that individual modules in the DEBS and Pik PKSs possess distinctive molecular selectivity profiles and suggest that substrate recognition has evolved unique characteristics in each system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan D Mortison
- Life Sciences Institute, Department of Chemistry, 210 Washtenaw Avenue, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
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44
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Stang EM, White MC. Total synthesis and study of 6-deoxyerythronolide B by late-stage C-H oxidation. Nat Chem 2009; 1:547-51. [PMID: 21378935 DOI: 10.1038/nchem.351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 210] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2009] [Accepted: 07/22/2009] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Among the frontier challenges in chemistry in the twenty-first century are the interconnected goals of increasing synthetic efficiency and diversity in the construction of complex molecules. Oxidation reactions of C-H bonds, particularly when applied at late stages of complex molecule syntheses, hold special promise for achieving both these goals. Here we report a late-stage C-H oxidation strategy in the total synthesis of 6-deoxyerythronolide B (6-dEB), the aglycone precursor to the erythromycin antibiotics. An advanced intermediate is cyclized to give the 14-membered macrocyclic core of 6-dEB using a late-stage (step 19 of 22) C-H oxidative macrolactonization reaction that proceeds with high regio-, chemo- and diastereoselectivity (>40:1). A chelate-controlled model for macrolactonization predicted the stereochemical outcome of C-O bond formation and guided the discovery of conditions for synthesizing the first diastereomeric 13-epi-6-dEB precursor. Overall, this C-H oxidation strategy affords a highly efficient and stereochemically versatile synthesis of the erythromycin core.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik M Stang
- Department of Chemistry, Roger Adams Laboratory, University of Illinois, Urbana, 61801, USA
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45
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Mandel AL, Bellosta V, Curran DP, Cossy J. A versatile route to the tulearin class of macrolactones: synthesis of a stereoisomer of tulearin A. Org Lett 2009; 11:3282-5. [PMID: 19555117 PMCID: PMC2736336 DOI: 10.1021/ol900936t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A versatile synthetic approach to the tulearin class of macrolactones has been developed and deployed to make a stereoisomer of tulearin A. The knowledge gained about structure and synthesis will expedite the assignment of the stereostructure of this new anticancer agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander L. Mandel
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique, ESPCI ParisTech, CNRS 10 rue Vauquelin, 75231 Paris Cedex 05 France
| | - Véronique Bellosta
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique, ESPCI ParisTech, CNRS 10 rue Vauquelin, 75231 Paris Cedex 05 France
| | - Dennis P. Curran
- Prof. D. P. Curran, Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA
| | - Janine Cossy
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique, ESPCI ParisTech, CNRS 10 rue Vauquelin, 75231 Paris Cedex 05 France
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46
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Crimmins MT, Dechert AMR. Enantioselective total synthesis of (-)-pironetin: iterative aldol reactions of thiazolidinethiones. Org Lett 2009; 11:1635-8. [PMID: 19281219 PMCID: PMC2701212 DOI: 10.1021/ol9003228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The enantioselective total synthesis of pironetin has been achieved in 11 steps from known aldehyde 2. The synthesis relies on the formation of 5 out of 6 stereocenters through titanium mediated iterative aldol reactions. Key steps in this synthesis include an acetal aldol reaction to establish the stereochemistry at C8 and C9, an acetate aldol reaction, and "Evans" syn aldol reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael T Crimmins
- Kenan and Venable Laboratories of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
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47
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Synthesis of the C15–C23 fragment of dictyostatin using a highly stereoselective Carreira alkynylation. Tetrahedron 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2007.01.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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48
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Breton P, Hergenrother PJ, Hida T, Hodgson A, Judd AS, Kraynack E, Kym PR, Lee WC, Loft MS, Yamashita M, Martin SF. Total synthesis of erythromycin B. Tetrahedron 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2007.02.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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