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Gillani SS, Munawar MA, Khan KM, Chaudhary JA. Synthesis, characterization and applications of poly-aliphatic amine dendrimers and dendrons. JOURNAL OF THE IRANIAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2020. [PMCID: PMC7298932 DOI: 10.1007/s13738-020-01973-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
In the current era, the dendrimers have vast potential applications in the area of electronics, healthcare, pharmaceuticals, biotechnology, engineering products, photonics, drug delivery, catalysis, electronic devices, nanotechnologies and environmental issues. This review recaps the synthesis, characterization and applications of poly-aliphatic amine dendrimers.
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2
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Wen AM, Steinmetz NF. Design of virus-based nanomaterials for medicine, biotechnology, and energy. Chem Soc Rev 2016; 45:4074-126. [PMID: 27152673 PMCID: PMC5068136 DOI: 10.1039/c5cs00287g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 246] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This review provides an overview of recent developments in "chemical virology." Viruses, as materials, provide unique nanoscale scaffolds that have relevance in chemical biology and nanotechnology, with diverse areas of applications. Some fundamental advantages of viruses, compared to synthetically programmed materials, include the highly precise spatial arrangement of their subunits into a diverse array of shapes and sizes and many available avenues for easy and reproducible modification. Here, we will first survey the broad distribution of viruses and various methods for producing virus-based nanoparticles, as well as engineering principles used to impart new functionalities. We will then examine the broad range of applications and implications of virus-based materials, focusing on the medical, biotechnology, and energy sectors. We anticipate that this field will continue to evolve and grow, with exciting new possibilities stemming from advancements in the rational design of virus-based nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy M Wen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
| | - Nicole F Steinmetz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA. and Department of Radiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA and Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA and Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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3
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Wen AM, Podgornik R, Strangi G, Steinmetz NF. Photonics and plasmonics go viral: self-assembly of hierarchical metamaterials. RENDICONTI LINCEI. SCIENZE FISICHE E NATURALI 2015; 26:129-141. [PMID: 28713533 PMCID: PMC5509229 DOI: 10.1007/s12210-015-0396-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Sizing and shaping of mesoscale architectures with nanoscale features is a key opportunity to produce the next generation of higher-performing products and at the same time unveil completely new phenomena. This review article discusses recent advances in the design of novel photonic and plasmonic structures using a biology-inspired design. The proteinaceous capsids from viruses have long been discovered as platform technologies enabling unique applications in nanotechnology, materials, bioengineering, and medicine. In the context of materials applications, the highly organized structures formed by viral capsid proteins provide a 3D scaffold for the precise placement of plasmon and gain materials. Based on their highly symmetrical structures, virus-based nanoparticles have a high propensity to self-assemble into higher-order crystalline structures, yielding hierarchical hybrid materials. Recent advances in the field have led to the development of virus-based light harvesting systems, plasmonic structures for application in high-performance metamaterials, binary nanoparticle lattices, and liquid crystalline arrays for sensing or display technologies. There is still much that could be explored in this area, and we foresee that this is only the beginning of great technological advances in virus-based materials for plasmonics and photonics applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy M Wen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Schools of Medicine and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Rudolf Podgornik
- Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Giuseppe Strangi
- Department of Physics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Nicole F Steinmetz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Schools of Medicine and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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4
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Zhang X, Zeng Y, Yu T, Chen J, Yang G, Li Y. Advances in Photofunctional Dendrimers for Solar Energy Conversion. J Phys Chem Lett 2014; 5:2340-2350. [PMID: 26279557 DOI: 10.1021/jz5007862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Dendrimers are regularly and hierarchically branched synthetic macromolecules with numerous chain ends all emanating from a single core, which makes them attractive candidates for energy conversion applications. During photosynthesis and photocatalysis, photoinduced electron transfer and energy transfer are the main processes involved. Studies on these processes in dendritic systems are critical for the future applications of dendrimers in photochemical energy conversion and other optoelectronic devices. In this Perspective, the recent advances of photofunctional dendrimers in energy conversion based on light-harvesting systems, solar cells, and photochemical production of hydrogen will be discussed. The electron-transfer and energy-transfer characteristics in light-harvesting photofunctional dendrimers and the regulation of the electron-transfer process and the stabilization of the charge separation state in hydrogen photoproduction are emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Zhang
- †Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Zeng
- †Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianjun Yu
- †Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinping Chen
- †Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoqiang Yang
- ‡Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Li
- †Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
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Amado Torres D, Garzoni M, Subrahmanyam AV, Pavan GM, Thayumanavan S. Protein-triggered supramolecular disassembly: insights based on variations in ligand location in amphiphilic dendrons. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:5385-99. [PMID: 24641469 PMCID: PMC4004214 DOI: 10.1021/ja500634u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
We use monodisperse dendrons that allow control over functional group presentation to investigate the influence of the location of a ligand on protein-induced disassembly and release of encapsulated small molecules. Based on both experiments and molecular dynamics simulations, we demonstrate that ligand location greatly influences release of guest molecules from the dendron-based supramolecular assembly. We show that a ligand moiety grafted to the dendron periphery is more accessible for the target protein in aqueous solution. On the other hand, the ligand moiety placed at the focal point or at the intermediate layer within the dendritic scaffold is less accessible, since it is surrounded by an environment rich in PEG chains, which hinders binding and even influences nonspecific interactions. We also demonstrate that the specific binding between one ligand and the target protein can destabilize the dendritic assembly. Furthermore, if more ligands are available, multivalent interactions are also possible with extravidin, which speed up disassembly and trigger the release of hydrophobic guests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Amado Torres
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Matteo Garzoni
- Department
of Innovative Technologies, University of
Applied Science of Southern Switzerland, Manno 6928, Switzerland
| | - Ayyagari V. Subrahmanyam
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Giovanni M. Pavan
- Department
of Innovative Technologies, University of
Applied Science of Southern Switzerland, Manno 6928, Switzerland
| | - S. Thayumanavan
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
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6
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Zhan Y, Cao K, Wang C, Jia J, Xue P, Liu X, Duan X, Lu R. Synthesis and photophysical properties of phosphorus(v) porphyrins functionalized with axial carbazolylvinylnaphthalimides. Org Biomol Chem 2012; 10:8701-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ob26478a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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7
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Popere BC, Pelle AMD, Poe A, Thayumanavan S. Macromolecular architectures for organic photovoltaics. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2012; 14:4043-57. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cp23422j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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8
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Kozaki M, Okada K. Construction and Functionalization of Dendrimers with Conjugated Backbones. J SYN ORG CHEM JPN 2011. [DOI: 10.5059/yukigoseikyokaishi.69.1145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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9
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Kozaki M, Akita K, Okada K, Islam DMS, Ito O. Photoinduced Charge Separation after Excited Energy Transfer in Snowflake-Shaped Zn–Porphyrin Dendrimer with Anthraquinone Terminals: Enhancement of the Electron-Transfer Rates by “Dendrimer Effect”. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2010. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20100046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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10
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Bozdemir OA, Yilmaz MD, Buyukcakir O, Siemiarczuk A, Tutas M, Akkaya EU. Convergent synthesis and light harvesting properties of dendritic boradiazaindacene (BODIPY) appended perylenediimidedyes. NEW J CHEM 2010. [DOI: 10.1039/b9nj00380k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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11
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Azagarsamy MA, Krishnamoorthy K, Sivanandan K, Thayumanavan S. Site-specific installation and study of electroactive units in every layer of dendrons. J Org Chem 2009; 74:9475-85. [PMID: 19905006 PMCID: PMC2795052 DOI: 10.1021/jo902109u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Whereas encapsulation of functional groups at the core of dendrimers is well-understood, very little is known about their intermediate layers or even the periphery. Here we report on a systematic investigation of every layer of dendrimers by incorporating a single ferrocene unit in well-defined locations in dendrons. Site-specific incorporation of the ferrocene unit was achieved by utilizing the dendrimer sequencing methodology. We show here that the redox potential values of ferrocene at intermediate layers were remarkably different from those at the core and the periphery. Although redox potential values were location-dependent, no significant change in the rate of heterogeneous electron transfer (k(0)) was observed with respect to locations. This was attributed to the possibility that free rotation of dendrimer nullifies the distance between the electrode and ferrocene unit. Finally, we also show that no Faradaic current was observed for the amphiphilic assemblies of these dendrons, whereas the same dendron did exhibit significant Faradaic current in nonassembling solvent environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malar A Azagarsamy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
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12
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Niamnont N, Siripornnoppakhun W, Rashatasakhon P, Sukwattanasinitt M. A Polyanionic Dendritic Fluorophore for Selective Detection of Hg2+ in Triton X-100 Aqueous Media. Org Lett 2009; 11:2768-71. [PMID: 19496606 DOI: 10.1021/ol900929g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nakorn Niamnont
- Organic Synthesis Research Unit, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, and Center for Petroleum, Petrochemicals and Advanced Materials, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Warathip Siripornnoppakhun
- Organic Synthesis Research Unit, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, and Center for Petroleum, Petrochemicals and Advanced Materials, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Paitoon Rashatasakhon
- Organic Synthesis Research Unit, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, and Center for Petroleum, Petrochemicals and Advanced Materials, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Mongkol Sukwattanasinitt
- Organic Synthesis Research Unit, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, and Center for Petroleum, Petrochemicals and Advanced Materials, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
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Nantalaksakul A, Mueller A, Klaikherd A, Bardeen CJ, Thayumanavan S. Dendritic and Linear Macromolecular Architectures for Photovoltaics: A Photoinduced Charge Transfer Investigation. J Am Chem Soc 2009; 131:2727-38. [DOI: 10.1021/ja809194u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arpornrat Nantalaksakul
- Departments of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, and University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | - Astrid Mueller
- Departments of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, and University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | - Akamol Klaikherd
- Departments of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, and University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | - Christopher J. Bardeen
- Departments of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, and University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | - S. Thayumanavan
- Departments of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, and University of California, Riverside, California 92521
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Lin YH, Wu HH, Wong KT, Hsieh CC, Lin YC, Chou PT. Modulate photoinduced electron transfer efficiency of bipolar dendritic systems. Org Lett 2008; 10:3211-4. [PMID: 18582077 DOI: 10.1021/ol801096c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Covalent linkage of dendritic carbazole-based donors and 1,3,4-oxdiazole-based acceptors renders novel bipolar dendrimers that can efficiently facilitate the photoinduced electron transfer (PET) process. Photodynamic studies indicated that the PET rate of bipolar dendrimers DA1 and DA2 can be modulated by the number of acceptors presented in the molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hsien Lin
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
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16
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Takahashi M, Morimoto H, Miyake K, Kawai H, Sei Y, Yamaguchi K, Sengoku T, Yoda H. Mechanistic investigation of energy transfer in perylene-cored anthracene dendrimers. NEW J CHEM 2008. [DOI: 10.1039/b716908f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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17
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Xu T, Lu R, Liu X, Zheng X, Qiu X, Zhao Y. Phosphorus(V) Porphyrins with Axial Carbazole-Based Dendritic Substituents. Org Lett 2007; 9:797-800. [PMID: 17266318 DOI: 10.1021/ol062979k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
[structure: see text] Three phosphorus(V) porphyrins with axial carbazole-based dendritic substituents (D-A-D) have been designed and synthesized, which are nonfluorescent due to their effective electron transfer from the carbazole dendron to the excited porphyrin within the dendritic matrix. The incident photon to current conversion efficiencies (IPCE) spectra demonstrate that the molecular structure of the dendrimers can significantly affect the photovoltaic response to the visible light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tinghua Xu
- Key Laboratory for Supramolecular Structure and Materials of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, PRC
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18
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Ambade AV, Chen Y, Thayumanavan S. Controlled functional group presentations in dendrimers as a tool to probe the hyperbranched architecture. NEW J CHEM 2007. [DOI: 10.1039/b617628c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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19
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Krishnamoorthy K, Dasari RR, Nantalaksakul A, Thayumanavan S. Probing the periphery of dendrimers by heterogeneous electron transfer. Chem Commun (Camb) 2007:739-41. [PMID: 17392968 DOI: 10.1039/b614236b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The accessibility of the electroactive periphery was studied and compared for dendrimers and linear analogs by heterogeneous electron transfer using microelectrodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Krishnamoorthy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst 01003, USA
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20
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Ahn TS, Nantalaksakul A, Dasari RR, Al-Kaysi RO, Müller AM, Thayumanavan S, Bardeen CJ. Energy and Charge Transfer Dynamics in Fully Decorated Benzyl Ether Dendrimers and Their Disubstituted Analogues. J Phys Chem B 2006; 110:24331-9. [PMID: 17134184 DOI: 10.1021/jp0649706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We examine the photophysics of a series of molecules consisting of a benzthiadiazole core surrounded by a network of benzyl ether arms terminated by aminopyrene chromophores, which function as both energy and electron donors. Three classes of molecules are studied: dendrimers whose peripheries are fully decorated with aminopyrene donors (F), disubstituted dendrimers whose peripheries contain only two donors (D), and linear analogues in which a pair of benzyl ether arms link two donors to the central core (L). The electronic energy transfer (EET) and charge transfer (CT) rates are determined by fluorescence lifetime measurements on the energy donors and electron acceptors, respectively. In all three types of molecules, the EET time scales as the square root of the generation number G, consistent with the flexible nature of the benzyl ether framework. Transient anisotropy measurements confirm that donor-donor energy hopping does not play a major role in determining the EET times. The CT dynamics occur on the nanosecond time scale and lead to stretched exponential decays, probably due to conformational disorder. Measurements at 100 degrees C confirm that conformational fluctuations play a role in the CT dynamics. The average CT time increases with G in the L and D molecules but decreases for the F dendrimers. This divergent behavior as G increases is attributed to the competing effects of larger donor-acceptor distances (which lengthen the CT time) versus a larger number of donors (which shorten the average CT time). This work illustrates two important points about light-harvesting and charge-separation dendrimers. First, the use of a flexible dendrimer framework can lead to a more favorable scaling of the EET time (and thus the light-harvesting efficiency) with dendrimer size, relative to what would be expected for a fully extended dendrimer. Second, fully decorated dendrimers can compensate for the distance-dependent slowdown in CT rate as G increases by providing additional pathways for the CT reaction to occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tai-Sang Ahn
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, USA
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Vijayalakshmi N, Maitra U. Multiple Chromophore Labeled Novel Bile Acid Dendrimers for Light Harvesting. Macromolecules 2006. [DOI: 10.1021/ma061123s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N. Vijayalakshmi
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Uday Maitra
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
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