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Caramiello A, Bellucci MC, Cristina G, Castellano C, Meneghetti F, Mori M, Secundo F, Viani F, Sacchetti A, Volonterio A. Synthesis and Conformational Analysis of Hydantoin-Based Universal Peptidomimetics. J Org Chem 2023; 88:10381-10402. [PMID: 36226862 PMCID: PMC10407853 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c01903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of a collection of enantiomerically pure, systematically substituted hydantoins as structural privileged universal mimetic scaffolds is presented. It relies on a chemoselective condensation/cyclization domino process between isocyanates of quaternary or unsubstituted α-amino esters and N-alkyl aspartic acid diesters followed by standard hydrolysis/coupling reactions with amines, using liquid-liquid acid/base extraction protocols for the purification of the intermediates. Besides the nature of the α carbon on the isocyanate moiety, either a quaternary carbon or a more flexible methylene group, conformational studies in silico (molecular modeling), in solution (NMR, circular dichroism (CD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR)), and in solid state (X-ray) showed that the presented hydantoin-based peptidomimetics are able to project their substituents in positions superimposable to the side chains of common protein secondary structures such as α-helix and β-turn, being the open α-helix conformation slightly favorable according to molecular modeling, while the closed β-turn conformation preferred in solution and in solid state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio
M. Caramiello
- Department
of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, via Mancinelli 7, 20131Milano, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Bellucci
- Department
of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 2, 20133Milano, Italy
| | - Gaetano Cristina
- Department
of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, via Mancinelli 7, 20131Milano, Italy
| | - Carlo Castellano
- Department
of Chemistry, Università degli Studi
di Milano, via Golgi
19, 20133Milano, Italy
| | - Fiorella Meneghetti
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università
degli Studi di Milano, via Mangiagalli 25, 20133Milano, Italy
| | - Matteo Mori
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università
degli Studi di Milano, via Mangiagalli 25, 20133Milano, Italy
| | - Francesco Secundo
- Consiglio
Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Scienze
e Tecnologie Chimiche “G. Natta” (SCITEC), via Mario Bianco 9, 20131Milan, Italy
| | - Fiorenza Viani
- Consiglio
Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Scienze
e Tecnologie Chimiche “G. Natta” (SCITEC), via Mario Bianco 9, 20131Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Sacchetti
- Department
of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, via Mancinelli 7, 20131Milano, Italy
| | - Alessandro Volonterio
- Department
of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, via Mancinelli 7, 20131Milano, Italy
- Consiglio
Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Scienze
e Tecnologie Chimiche “G. Natta” (SCITEC), via Mario Bianco 9, 20131Milan, Italy
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2
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Slater O, Kontoyianni M. A computational study of somatostatin subtype-4 receptor agonist binding. SN APPLIED SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s42452-022-04968-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractThe somatostatin subtype-4 receptor (sst4) is highly expressed in neocortical and hippocampal areas, which are affected by amyloid beta accumulation. Sst4 agonists enhance downstream activity of amyloid beta peptide catabolism through neprilysin and may slow the progression of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Sst4 is a G protein coupled receptor (GPCR), the structure of which has yet to be resolved. A newly constructed sst4 homology model, along with a previously reported model-built sst4 receptor structure, were used in the present study to gain insights into binding requirements of sst4 agonists employing a set of compounds patented by Boehringer Ingelheim. Besides aiming at delineating binding at the macromolecular level of these recently disclosed compounds, our objectives included the generation of a quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) global model to explore the relationship between chemical structure and affinity. Through the implementation of model building, docking, and QSAR, plausible correlations between structural properties and the binding affinity are established. This study sheds light on understanding binding requirements at the sst4 receptor.
Graphical abstract
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3
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Liu JY, Sun XY, Tang Q, Song JJ, Li XQ, Gong B, Liu R, Lu ZL. An unnatural tripeptide structure containing intramolecular double H-bonds mimics a turn hairpin conformation. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:4359-4363. [PMID: 33908557 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob00526j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
A series of unnatural tripeptides, each consisting of two aromatic γ-amino acid residues and an ϖ-amino acid residue, are designed to probe their folding into hairpin conformations. The ϖ-amino acid residues, with aliphatic or aromatic spacers of different sizes, serve as the loop of the hairpins. Studies based on one-dimensional (1D) 1H NMR performed at different concentrations, solvent polarity, and temperature, along with 2D-NMR studies, demonstrated that the doubly H-bonded aromatic γ-amino acid residues play important roles in driving these tripeptides into the hairpin conformation. The loop based on 5-aminovaleric acid, which offers a four-carbon (CH2)4 spacer, enhanced the stability of the corresponding hairpin, while loops having a shorter, a longer and a more rigid spacer disfavored the formation of the hairpins. Results from computational studies are in good agreement with the experimental observations. Furthermore, the crystal structure of peptide 1b revealed the expected hairpin conformation in the solid state. This turn motif, which contains H-bonded aromatic γ-amino acid residues as the core unit and an ϖ-amino acid residue serving as the loop, provides a new platform that can be used to obtain a variety of turn conformations by incorporating diverse amino acids into the loops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Yu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, MOE; College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Xinjiekouwai Street 19, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Xue-Yi Sun
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, MOE; College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Xinjiekouwai Street 19, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Quan Tang
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, MOE; College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Xinjiekouwai Street 19, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Jun-Jie Song
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, MOE; College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Xinjiekouwai Street 19, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Xiao-Qi Li
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, MOE; College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Xinjiekouwai Street 19, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Bing Gong
- Department of Chemistry, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14260, USA
| | - Rui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, MOE; College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Xinjiekouwai Street 19, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Zhong-Lin Lu
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, MOE; College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Xinjiekouwai Street 19, Beijing 100875, China.
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4
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Fridén-Saxin M, Seifert T, Malo M, da Silva Andersson K, Pemberton N, Dyrager C, Friberg A, Dahlén K, Wallén EA, Grøtli M, Luthman K. Chroman-4-one and chromone based somatostatin β-turn mimetics. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 114:59-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.02.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Revised: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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5
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Raghuraman A, Xin D, Perez LM, Burgess K. Expanding the scope of oligo-pyrrolinone-pyrrolidines as protein-protein interface mimics. J Org Chem 2013; 78:4823-33. [PMID: 23654284 PMCID: PMC3702049 DOI: 10.1021/jo400323k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Oligo-pyrrolinone-pyrrolidines (generic structure 1) have the potential to interfere with protein-protein interactions (PPIs), but to reduce this to practice it is necessary to be able to synthesize these structures with a variety of different side chains corresponding to genetically encoded proteins. This paper describes expansion of the synthetic scope of 1, the difficulties encountered in this process, particularly issues with epimerization and slow coupling rates, and methods to overcome them. Finally, spectroscopic and physicochemical properties as well as proteolytic stabilities of molecules in this series were measured; these data highlight the suitability of oligo-pyrrolinone-pyrrolidines for the development of pharmacological probes or pharmaceutical leads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arjun Raghuraman
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, Box 30012, College Station, TX 77841
| | - Dongyue Xin
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, Box 30012, College Station, TX 77841
| | - Lisa M. Perez
- Laboratory for Molecular Simulation, Texas A&M University, Box 30012, College Station, Texas 77842, United States
| | - Kevin Burgess
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, Box 30012, College Station, TX 77841
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6
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Vijayadas KN, Nair RV, Gawade RL, Kotmale AS, Prabhakaran P, Gonnade RG, Puranik VG, Rajamohanan PR, Sanjayan GJ. Ester vs. amide on folding: a case study with a 2-residue synthetic peptide. Org Biomol Chem 2013; 11:8348-56. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ob41967c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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7
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Liu Z, Crider AM, Ansbro D, Hayes C, Kontoyianni M. A structure-based approach to understanding somatostatin receptor-4 agonism (sst4). J Chem Inf Model 2011; 52:171-86. [PMID: 22148589 DOI: 10.1021/ci200375j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
It has been reported that somatostatin receptor subtypes 4 and 5 would be high-impact templates for homology modeling if their 3D structures became available. We have generated a homology model of the somatostatin receptor subtype 4 (sst4), using the newest active state β(2) adrenoreceptor crystal structure, and subsequently docked a variety of agonists into the model-built receptor to elucidate the binding modes of reported agonists. Using experimental restraints, we were able to explain observed activity profiles. We propose two binding modes that can consistently explain findings for high-affinity agonists and reason why certain structures display low affinities for the receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaomin Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Southern Illinois University Edwardsville, Edwardsville, Illinois 62026, USA
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8
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Raghuraman A, Ko E, Perez LM, Ioerger TR, Burgess K. Pyrrolinone-pyrrolidine oligomers as universal peptidomimetics. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:12350-3. [PMID: 21780756 DOI: 10.1021/ja2033734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Peptidomimetics 1-3 were prepared from amino acid-derived tetramic acids 7 as the key starting materials. Calculations show that preferred conformations of 1 can align their side-chain vectors with amino acids in common secondary structures more effectively than conformations of 3. A good fit was found for a preferred conformation of 2 (an extended derivative of 1) with a sheet/β-turn/sheet motif.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arjun Raghuraman
- Department of Chemistry and Laboratory for Molecular Simulation, Texas A&M University, Box 30012, College Station, Texas 77842, United States
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9
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Abstract
Many "new generation" peptidomimetics are designed to present amino acid side chains only; they do not have structural features that resemble peptide main chains. These types of molecules have frequently been presented in the literature as mimics of specific secondary structures. However, many "side-chain only" peptidomimetics do not rest in single conformational states, but exist in a limited number of freely interconverting forms. These different conformations may resemble different secondary structures, so referring to them as, for instance, turn- or helical-mimics understates the ways they could adapt to various binding situations. Sets of scaffolds that can be used to mimic aspects of nearly every secondary structure, i.e. universal peptidomimetics, can be constructed. These may assume a privileged place in library design, particularly in high throughput screening for pharmacological probes for which binding conformations, or even the target itself, is unknown at the time the library is designed (critical review, 101 references).
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunhwa Ko
- Texas A & M University, Chemistry Department, P.O. Box 30012, College Station, Texas 77842, USA
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10
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Abstract
Two amino acid derived synthons were combined to give homopropargylic amines 2. Platinum dichloride was used to cyclize these intermediates into pyrroles 3 which collapsed to the target secondary structure mimics 1 on treatment with base. Side chains of these compounds overlay with an idealized type 1 β-turn and with an inverse γ-turn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunhwa Ko
- Texas A & M University, Chemistry Department, P.O. Box 30012, College Station, Texas 77842, USA
| | - Kevin Burgess
- Texas A & M University, Chemistry Department, P.O. Box 30012, College Station, Texas 77842, USA
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11
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Abstract
This paper concerns peptidomimetic scaffolds that can present side chains in conformations resembling those of amino acids in secondary structures without incurring excessive entropic or enthalpic penalties. Compounds of this type are referred to here as minimalist mimics. The core hypothesis of this paper is that small sets of such scaffolds can be designed to analogue local pairs of amino acids (including noncontiguous ones) in any secondary structure; i.e., they are universal peptidomimetics. To illustrate this concept, we designed a set of four peptidomimetic scaffolds. Libraries based on them were made bearing side chains corresponding to many of the protein-derived amino acids. Modeling experiments were performed to give an indication of kinetic and thermodynamic accessibilities of conformations that can mimic secondary structures. Together, peptidomimetics based on these four scaffolds can adopt conformations that resemble almost any combination of local amino acid side chains in any secondary structure. Universal peptidomimetics of this kind are likely to be most useful in the design of libraries for high-throughput screening against diverse targets. Consequently, data arising from submission of these molecules to the NIH Molecular Libraries Small Molecule Repository (MLSMR) are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunhwa Ko
- Department of Chemistry and Laboratory for Molecular Simulation, Texas A&M University, Box 30012, College Station, Texas 77842, United States
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12
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Feytens D, Cescato R, Reubi JC, Tourwé D. New sst4/5-selective somatostatin peptidomimetics based on a constrained tryptophan scaffold. J Med Chem 2007; 50:3397-401. [PMID: 17559206 DOI: 10.1021/jm070246f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and biological evaluation of four peptidomimetic analogs of somatostatin based on a constrained Trp residue, 3-amino-indolo[2,3-c]azepin-2-one (Aia), are reported. It is shown that dipeptidomimetics with a D-Aia-Lys sequence, functionalized with N- and C-terminal aromatic substituents, display a good selectivity for both sst4 and sst5. This study allowed us to identify a new highly potent sst5 agonist with good selectivity over the other receptors, except versus sst4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debby Feytens
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050, Brussels, Belgium
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