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Singh K, Sharma S, Tyagi R, Sagar R. Recent progress in the synthesis of natural product inspired bioactive glycohybrids. Carbohydr Res 2023; 534:108975. [PMID: 37871479 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2023.108975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Carbohydrates are a basic structural component that are indispensable to all cellular processes. In addition to being employed as chiral starting materials in the synthesis of a variety of natural products, carbohydrates are recognized as naturally occurring molecules having an enormous variety of functional, stereochemical, and structural properties. The understanding and biological roles of carbohydrate derived molecules can be greatly improved by selectively synthesizing functional carbohydrates through incorporating them with privileged scaffolds. For a deeper understanding of their roles and the development of functional materials based on sugar, it is crucial to develop new techniques for efficiently synthesizing, functionalizing, and modifying carbohydrates. Glycohybrids have a wide range of structural and functional characteristics along with protein-carbohydrate interactions that are crucial to mammalian biology and a number of disease states. This review, consisting the literature from January 2017 to July 2023 and provide an overview of recent developments in the chemical synthesis of glycohybrids based on natural product scaffolds of coumarin, quinolone, naphthalene diimide, indole, isatin, naphthoquinone, imidazole and pyrimidine. The biological activity of active glycohybrids are discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavita Singh
- Glycochemistry Laboratory, School of Physical Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Sunil Sharma
- Glycochemistry Laboratory, School of Physical Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Rajdeep Tyagi
- Glycochemistry Laboratory, School of Physical Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Ram Sagar
- Glycochemistry Laboratory, School of Physical Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India.
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2
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Kovalová A, Prouza V, Zavřel M, Hájek M, Dzijak R, Magdolenová A, Pohl R, Voburka Z, Parkan K, Vrabel M. Selection of Galectin-Binding Ligands from Synthetic Glycopeptide Libraries. Chempluschem 2023:e202300567. [PMID: 37942669 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202300567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Galectins, a class of carbohydrate-binding proteins, play a crucial role in various physiological and disease processes. Therefore, the identification of ligands that efficiently bind these proteins could potentially lead to the development of new therapeutic compounds. In this study, we present a method that involves screening synthetic click glycopeptide libraries to identify lectin-binding ligands with low micromolar affinity. Our methodology, initially optimized using Concanavalin A, was subsequently applied to identify binders for the therapeutically relevant galectin 1. Binding affinities were assessed using various methods and showed that the selected glycopeptides exhibited enhanced binding potency to the target lectins compared to the starting sugar moieties. This approach offers an alternative means of discovering galectin-binding ligands as well as other carbohydrate-binding proteins, which are considered important therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kovalová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 16000, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Vít Prouza
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 16000, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Zavřel
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 16000, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Hájek
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 16000, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Rastislav Dzijak
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 16000, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Alžbeta Magdolenová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 16000, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Radek Pohl
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 16000, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Zdeněk Voburka
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 16000, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Kamil Parkan
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 16000, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Milan Vrabel
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 16000, Prague, Czech Republic
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3
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Kim Y, Li H, Choi J, Boo J, Jo H, Hyun JY, Shin I. Glycosidase-targeting small molecules for biological and therapeutic applications. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:7036-7070. [PMID: 37671645 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00032j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
Glycosidases are ubiquitous enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of glycosidic linkages in oligosaccharides and glycoconjugates. These enzymes play a vital role in a wide variety of biological events, such as digestion of nutritional carbohydrates, lysosomal catabolism of glycoconjugates, and posttranslational modifications of glycoproteins. Abnormal glycosidase activities are associated with a variety of diseases, particularly cancer and lysosomal storage disorders. Owing to the physiological and pathological significance of glycosidases, the development of small molecules that target these enzymes is an active area in glycoscience and medicinal chemistry. Research efforts carried out thus far have led to the discovery of numerous glycosidase-targeting small molecules that have been utilized to elucidate biological processes as well as to develop effective chemotherapeutic agents. In this review, we describe the results of research studies reported since 2018, giving particular emphasis to the use of fluorescent probes for detection and imaging of glycosidases, activity-based probes for covalent labelling of these enzymes, glycosidase inhibitors, and glycosidase-activatable prodrugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujun Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, 03722 Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, 03722 Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Joohee Choi
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, 03722 Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jihyeon Boo
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, 03722 Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyemi Jo
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, 03722 Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Drug Discovery, Data Convergence Drug Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ji Young Hyun
- Department of Drug Discovery, Data Convergence Drug Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea.
| | - Injae Shin
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, 03722 Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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4
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Abstract
Through their specific interactions with proteins, cellular glycans play key roles in a wide range of physiological and pathological processes. One of the main goals of research in the areas of glycobiology and glycomedicine is to understand glycan-protein interactions at the molecular level. Over the past two decades, glycan microarrays have become powerful tools for the rapid evaluation of interactions between glycans and proteins. In this review, we briefly describe methods used for the preparation of glycan probes and the construction of glycan microarrays. Next, we highlight applications of glycan microarrays to rapid profiling of glycan-binding patterns of plant, animal and pathogenic lectins, as well as other proteins. Finally, we discuss other important uses of glycan microarrays, including the rapid analysis of substrate specificities of carbohydrate-active enzymes, the quantitative determination of glycan-protein interactions, discovering high-affinity or selective ligands for lectins, and identifying functional glycans within cells. We anticipate that this review will encourage researchers to employ glycan microarrays in diverse glycan-related studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujun Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, 03722 Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ji Young Hyun
- Department of Drug Discovery, Data Convergence Drug Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea.
| | - Injae Shin
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, 03722 Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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5
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Thiosugar naphthalene diimide conjugates: G-quadruplex ligands with antiparasitic and anticancer activity. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 232:114183. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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6
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Hyun JY, Kim S, Lee CH, Lee HS, Shin I. Efficient Preparation and Bioactivity Evaluation of Glycan-Defined Glycoproteins. ACS Chem Biol 2021; 16:1930-1940. [PMID: 33232137 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.0c00629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Owing to the generation of heterogeneous glycoproteins in cells, it is highly difficult to study glycoprotein-mediated biological events and to develop biomedical agents. Thus, general and efficient methods to prepare homogeneous glycoproteins are in high demand. Herein, we report a general method for the efficient preparation of homogeneous glycoproteins that utilizes a combination of genetic code expansion and chemoselective ligation techniques. In the protocol to produce glycan-defined glycoproteins, an alkyne tag-containing protein, generated by genetic encoding of an alkynylated unnatural amino acid, was quantitatively coupled via click chemistry to versatile azide-appended glycans. The glycoproteins produced by the present strategy were found to recognize mammalian cell-surface lectins and enter the cells through lectin-mediated internalization. Also, cell studies exhibited that the glycoprotein containing multiple mannose-6-phosphate residues enters diseased cells lacking specific lysosomal glycosidases by binding to the cell-surface M6P receptor, and subsequently migrates to lysosomes for efficient degradation of stored glycosphingolipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Young Hyun
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- Data Convergence Drug Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanggil Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Hee Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Soo Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Republic of Korea
| | - Injae Shin
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
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7
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Yin X, Li J, Chen S, Wu Y, She Z, Liu L, Wang Y, Gao Z. An Economical High-Throughput "FP-Tag" Assay for Screening Glycosyltransferase Inhibitors*. Chembiochem 2021; 22:1391-1395. [PMID: 33259119 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202000746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) is involved in many cellular processes, and selective OGT inhibitors are valuable tools to investigate O-GlcNAcylation functions, and could potentially lead to therapeutics. However, high-throughput OGT assays that are suitable for large-scale HTS and can identify inhibitors targeting both acceptor, donor sites, and allosteric binding-sites are still lacking. Here, we report the development of a high-throughput "FP-Tag" OGT assay with bovine serum albumin (BSA) as a low-cost and superior "FP-Tag". With this assay, 2-methyleurotinone was identified as a low-micromolar OGT inhibitor. This type of assay with BSA as "FP-Tag" would find more applications with other glycosyltransferases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinjian Yin
- School of Marine Science, Sun Yat-sen University, 519080, Zhuhai, P. R. China
| | - Jiaxin Li
- School of Marine Science, Sun Yat-sen University, 519080, Zhuhai, P. R. China
| | - Senhua Chen
- School of Marine Science, Sun Yat-sen University, 519080, Zhuhai, P. R. China
| | - Yuping Wu
- School of Marine Science, Sun Yat-sen University, 519080, Zhuhai, P. R. China
| | - Zhigang She
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, 519275, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Lan Liu
- School of Marine Science, Sun Yat-sen University, 519080, Zhuhai, P. R. China.,Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), 519080, Zhuhai, P. R. China
| | - Yue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Xue Yuan Rd No. 38, 100191, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Zhizeng Gao
- School of Marine Science, Sun Yat-sen University, 519080, Zhuhai, P. R. China.,Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), 519080, Zhuhai, P. R. China
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8
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Horton M, Su G, Yi L, Wang Z, Xu Y, Pagadala V, Zhang F, Zaharoff DA, Pearce K, Linhardt RJ, Liu J. Construction of heparan sulfate microarray for investigating the binding of specific saccharide sequences to proteins. Glycobiology 2020; 31:188-199. [PMID: 32681173 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwaa068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Heparan sulfate (HS) is a heterogeneous, extracellular glycan that interacts with proteins and other molecules affecting many biological processes. The specific binding motifs of HS interactions are of interest, but have not been extensively characterized. Glycan microarrays are valuable tools that can be used to probe the interactions between glycans and their ligands while relying on relatively small amounts of samples. Recently, chemoenzymatic synthesis of HS has been employed to produce specific HS structures that can otherwise be difficult to produce. In this study, a microarray of diverse chemoenzymatically synthesized HS structures was developed and HS interactions were characterized. Fluorescently labeled antithrombin III (AT) and fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF2) were screened against 95 different HS structures under three different printing concentrations to confirm the utility of this microarray. Specific sulfation patterns were found to be important for binding to these proteins and results are consistent with previous specificity studies. Furthermore, the binding affinities (KD,surf) of AT and FGF2 to multiple HS structures were determined using a microarray technique and is consistent with previous reports. Lastly, the 95-compound HS microarray was used to determine the distinct binding profiles for interleukin 12 and platelet factor 4. This technique is ideal for rapid expansion and will be pivotal to the high-throughput characterization of biologically important structure/function relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurice Horton
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Guowei Su
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Lin Yi
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Zhangjie Wang
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Yongmei Xu
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | | | - Fuming Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Biotechnology and interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA
| | - David A Zaharoff
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill & North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Ken Pearce
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Robert J Linhardt
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Biotechnology and interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA
| | - Jian Liu
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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9
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Mende M, Bordoni V, Tsouka A, Loeffler FF, Delbianco M, Seeberger PH. Multivalent glycan arrays. Faraday Discuss 2020; 219:9-32. [PMID: 31298252 DOI: 10.1039/c9fd00080a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Glycan microarrays have become a powerful technology to study biological processes, such as cell-cell interaction, inflammation, and infections. Yet, several challenges, especially in multivalent display, remain. In this introductory lecture we discuss the state-of-the-art glycan microarray technology, with emphasis on novel approaches to access collections of pure glycans and their immobilization on surfaces. Future directions to mimic the natural glycan presentation on an array format, as well as in situ generation of combinatorial glycan collections, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Mende
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany.
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10
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Martinez JER, Thomas B, Flitsch SL. Glycan Array Technology. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 175:435-456. [PMID: 31907566 DOI: 10.1007/10_2019_112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Glycan (or carbohydrate) arrays have become an essential tool in glycomics, providing fast and high-throughput data on protein-carbohydrate interactions with small amounts of carbohydrate ligands. The general concepts of glycan arrays have been adopted from other microarray technologies such as those used for nucleic acid and proteins. However, carbohydrates have presented their own challenges, in particular in terms of access to glycan probes, linker attachment chemistries and analysis, which will be reviewed in this chapter. As more and more glycan probes have become available through chemical and enzymatic synthesis and robust linker chemistries have been developed, the applications of glycan arrays have dramatically increased over the past 10 years, which will be illustrated with recent examples.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Baptiste Thomas
- School of Chemistry and MIB, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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11
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Fallows TW, McGrath AJ, Silva J, McAdams SG, Marchesi A, Tuna F, Flitsch SL, Tilley RD, Webb SJ. High-throughput chemical and chemoenzymatic approaches to saccharide-coated magnetic nanoparticles for MRI. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2019; 1:3597-3606. [PMID: 36133529 PMCID: PMC9417132 DOI: 10.1039/c9na00376b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
There is a need for biofunctionalised magnetic nanoparticles for many biomedical applications, including MRI contrast agents that have a range of surface properties and functional groups. A library of eleven adducts, each formed by condensing a reducing sugar with a catechol hydrazide, for nanoparticle functionalisation has been created using a high-throughput chemical synthesis methodology. The enzymatic transformation of an N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) adduct into an N-acetyllactosamine adduct by β-1,4-galactosyltransferase illustrates how chemoenzymatic methods could provide adducts bearing complex and expensive glycans. Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (8 nm diameter, characterised by TEM, DLS and SQUID) were coated with these adducts and the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) properties of GlcNAc-labelled nanoparticles were determined. This straightforward approach can produce a range of MRI contrast agents with a variety of biofunctionalised surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas W Fallows
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PL UK +44 (0)161 306 4524
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester 131 Princess St Manchester M1 7DN UK
| | - Andrew J McGrath
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales Australia
- Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, University of New South Wales Australia
| | - Joana Silva
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PL UK +44 (0)161 306 4524
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester 131 Princess St Manchester M1 7DN UK
| | - Simon G McAdams
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PL UK +44 (0)161 306 4524
- School of Materials, University of Manchester Oxford Road Manchester UK
| | - Andrea Marchesi
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PL UK +44 (0)161 306 4524
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester 131 Princess St Manchester M1 7DN UK
| | - Floriana Tuna
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PL UK +44 (0)161 306 4524
- Photon Science Institute, University of Manchester Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PL UK
| | - Sabine L Flitsch
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PL UK +44 (0)161 306 4524
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester 131 Princess St Manchester M1 7DN UK
| | - Richard D Tilley
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales Australia
- Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, University of New South Wales Australia
- Electron Microscope Unit, Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, University of New South Wales Australia
| | - Simon J Webb
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PL UK +44 (0)161 306 4524
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester 131 Princess St Manchester M1 7DN UK
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12
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Valles DJ, Naeem Y, Carbonell C, Wong AM, Mootoo DR, Braunschweig AB. Maskless Photochemical Printing of Multiplexed Glycan Microarrays for High-Throughput Binding Studies. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2019; 5:3131-3138. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.9b00033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J. Valles
- The PhD program in Chemistry, Graduate Center of the City University of New York, 365 5th Avenue, New York, New York 10016, United States
- The Advanced Science Research Center at the Graduate Center of the City University of New York, 85 St. Nicholas Terrace, New York, New York 10031, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Hunter College, 695 Park Avenue, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Yasir Naeem
- The Advanced Science Research Center at the Graduate Center of the City University of New York, 85 St. Nicholas Terrace, New York, New York 10031, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Hunter College, 695 Park Avenue, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Carlos Carbonell
- The Advanced Science Research Center at the Graduate Center of the City University of New York, 85 St. Nicholas Terrace, New York, New York 10031, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Hunter College, 695 Park Avenue, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Alexa M. Wong
- The Advanced Science Research Center at the Graduate Center of the City University of New York, 85 St. Nicholas Terrace, New York, New York 10031, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Hunter College, 695 Park Avenue, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - David R. Mootoo
- The PhD program in Chemistry, Graduate Center of the City University of New York, 365 5th Avenue, New York, New York 10016, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Hunter College, 695 Park Avenue, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Adam B. Braunschweig
- The PhD program in Chemistry, Graduate Center of the City University of New York, 365 5th Avenue, New York, New York 10016, United States
- The Advanced Science Research Center at the Graduate Center of the City University of New York, 85 St. Nicholas Terrace, New York, New York 10031, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Hunter College, 695 Park Avenue, New York, New York 10065, United States
- The PhD program in Biochemistry, Graduate Center of the City University of New York, 365 5th Avenue, New York, New York 10016, United States
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13
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Ortega-Muñoz M, Vargas-Navarro P, Hernandez-Mateo F, Salinas-Castillo A, Capitan-Vallvey LF, Plesselova S, Salto-Gonzalez R, Giron-Gonzalez MD, Lopez-Jaramillo FJ, Santoyo-Gonzalez F. Acid anhydride coated carbon nanodots: activated platforms for engineering clicked (bio)nanoconstructs. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:7850-7856. [PMID: 30964133 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr09459d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Activated carbon nanodots functionalized with acid anhydride groups (AA-CNDs) are prepared by one-pot water-free green thermolysis of citric acid. As a proof of concept of their capabilities as appealing and versatile platforms for accessing engineering nanoconstructs, the as-prepared AA-CNDs have been reacted to yield clickable CNDs. Their click bioconjugation with relevant recognizable complementary clickable sugars has led to multivalent CND-based glyconanoparticles that are non-toxic and biorecognizable. The accessibility and intrinsic reactivity of AA-CNDs expand the current toolbox of covalent surface grafting methodologies and provide a wide range of potential applications for engineering (bio)nanoconstructs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariano Ortega-Muñoz
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Biotechnology Institute, Faculty of Sciences, Campus Fuentenueva sn, University of Granada, 18071-Granada, Spain.
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14
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Kim CS, Heo HR, Seo JH, Cha HJ. On-chip biosynthesis of GM1 pentasaccharide-related complex glycans. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:71-74. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc06526h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
A novel strategy for on-chip enzymatic glycosylation of complex glycans and direct analysis of glycan-related interactions is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Sup Kim
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Yeungnam University
- Gyeongsan 38541
- Korea
| | - Hye Ryoung Heo
- School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology
- Pohang 37673
- Korea
| | - Jeong Hyun Seo
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University
- Gyeongsan 38541
- Korea
| | - Hyung Joon Cha
- School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology
- Pohang 37673
- Korea
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology
- Pohang 37673
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15
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Screening of a Library of Oligosaccharides Targeting Lectin LecB of Pseudomonas Aeruginosa and Synthesis of High Affinity Oligoglycoclusters. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23123073. [PMID: 30477231 PMCID: PMC6321166 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23123073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Revised: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The Gram negative bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) is an opportunistic bacterium that causes severe and chronic infection of immune-depressed patients. It has the ability to form a biofilm that gives a selective advantage to the bacteria with respect to antibiotherapy and host defenses. Herein, we have focused on the tetrameric soluble lectin which is involved in bacterium adherence to host cells, biofilm formation, and cytotoxicity. It binds to l-fucose, d-mannose and glycan exposing terminal fucose or mannose. Using a competitive assay on microarray, 156 oligosaccharides and polysaccharides issued from fermentation or from the biomass were screened toward their affinity to LecB. Next, the five best ligands (Lewisa, Lewisb, Lewisx, siayl-Lewisx and 3-fucosyllactose) were derivatized with a propargyl aglycon allowing the synthesis of 25 trivalent, 25 tetravalent and 5 monovalent constructions thanks to copper catalyzed azide alkyne cycloaddition. The 55 clusters were immobilized by DNA Directed immobilization leading to the fabrication of a glycocluster microarray. Their binding to LecB was studied. Multivalency improved the binding to LecB. The binding structure relationship of the clusters is mainly influenced by the carbohydrate residues. Molecular simulations indicated that the simultaneous contact of both binding sites of monomer A and D seems to be energetically possible.
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16
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Laigre E, Tiertant C, Goyard D, Renaudet O. Identification of Nanomolar Lectin Ligands by a Glycodendrimer Microarray. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:14013-14020. [PMID: 30411056 PMCID: PMC6210076 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b01526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Carbohydrate-protein interactions play key roles in a wide variety of biological processes. These interactions are usually weak, with dissociation constants in the low millimolar to high micromolar range. Nature uses multivalency to reach high avidities via the glycoside cluster effect. Capitalizing on this effect, numerous synthetic multivalent glycoconjugates have been described and used as ligands for carbohydrate-binding proteins. However, valency is only one of the several parameters governing the binding mechanisms that are different for every biological receptor, making it almost impossible to predict. In this context, ligand optimization requires the screening of a large number of structures with different valencies, rigidities/flexibilities, and architectures. In this article, we describe a screening platform based on a glycodendrimer array and its use to determine the key parameters for high-affinity ligands of lectin. Several glycoclusters and glycodendrimers displaying varying numbers of α-N-acetylgalactosamine residues were covalently attached on glass slides, and their bindings were studied with the fluorophore-functionalized Helix pomatia agglutinin (HPA) used as a lectin model. This technique requires minimal quantities of glycoconjugate compared to those for other techniques and affords useful information on the binding strength. Building of the glycodendrimer array and quantification of the interactions with HPA are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugénie Laigre
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS,
DCM UMR 5250, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Claire Tiertant
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS,
DCM UMR 5250, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - David Goyard
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS,
DCM UMR 5250, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Olivier Renaudet
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS,
DCM UMR 5250, F-38000 Grenoble, France
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17
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Hyun JY, Kim S, Lee HS, Shin I. A Glycoengineered Enzyme with Multiple Mannose-6-Phosphates Is Internalized into Diseased Cells to Restore Its Activity in Lysosomes. Cell Chem Biol 2018; 25:1255-1267.e8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2018.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Revised: 05/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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18
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Sehad C, Shiao TC, Sallam LM, Azzouz A, Roy R. Effect of Dendrimer Generation and Aglyconic Linkers on the Binding Properties of Mannosylated Dendrimers Prepared by a Combined Convergent and Onion Peel Approach. Molecules 2018; 23:E1890. [PMID: 30060568 PMCID: PMC6222628 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23081890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Revised: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
An efficient study of carbohydrate-protein interactions was achieved using multivalent glycodendrimer library. Different dendrimers with varied peripheral sugar densities and linkers provided an arsenal of potential novel therapeutic agents that could be useful for better specific action and greater binding affinities against their cognate protein receptors. Highly effective click chemistry represents the basic method used for the synthesis of mannosylated dendrimers. To this end, we used propargylated scaffolds of varying sugar densities ranging from 2 to 18 for the attachment of azido mannopyranoside derivatives using copper catalyzed click cycloaddition. Mannopyranosides with short and pegylated aglycones were used to evaluate their effects on the kinetics of binding. The mannosylated dendrons were built using varied scaffolds toward the accelerated and combined "onion peel" strategy These carbohydrates have been designed to fight E. coli urinary infections, by inhibiting the formation of bacterial biofilms, thus neutralizing the adhesion of FimH type 1 lectin present at the tip of their fimbriae against the natural multiantennary oligomannosides of uroplakin 1a receptors expressed on uroepithelial tissues. Preliminary DLS studies of the mannosylated dendrimers to cross- link the leguminous lectin Con A used as a model showed their high potency as candidates to fight the E. coli adhesion and biofilm formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celia Sehad
- Department of Chemistry, University of Québec a Montréal, P.O. Box 8888, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3P8, Canada.
| | - Tze Chieh Shiao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Québec a Montréal, P.O. Box 8888, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3P8, Canada.
| | - Lamyaa M Sallam
- Department of Chemistry, University of Québec a Montréal, P.O. Box 8888, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3P8, Canada.
| | - Abdelkrim Azzouz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Québec a Montréal, P.O. Box 8888, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3P8, Canada.
| | - René Roy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Québec a Montréal, P.O. Box 8888, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3P8, Canada.
- Glycovax Pharma Inc., 424 Guy, Suite 202, Montreal, QC H3J 1S6, Canada.
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19
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Wen L, Edmunds G, Gibbons C, Zhang J, Gadi MR, Zhu H, Fang J, Liu X, Kong Y, Wang PG. Toward Automated Enzymatic Synthesis of Oligosaccharides. Chem Rev 2018; 118:8151-8187. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liuqing Wen
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, United States
| | - Garrett Edmunds
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, United States
| | - Christopher Gibbons
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, United States
| | - Jiabin Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, United States
| | - Madhusudhan Reddy Gadi
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, United States
| | - Hailiang Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, United States
| | - Junqiang Fang
- National Glycoengineering Research Center and State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Xianwei Liu
- National Glycoengineering Research Center and State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Yun Kong
- National Glycoengineering Research Center and State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Peng George Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, United States
- National Glycoengineering Research Center and State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
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20
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Hyun JY, Kang NR, Shin I. Carbohydrate Microarrays Containing Glycosylated Fluorescent Probes for Assessment of Glycosidase Activities. Org Lett 2018; 20:1240-1243. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b00180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ji Young Hyun
- Center for Biofunctional
Molecules, Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Na Rae Kang
- Center for Biofunctional
Molecules, Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Injae Shin
- Center for Biofunctional
Molecules, Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
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21
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Joachim I, Rikker S, Hauck D, Ponader D, Boden S, Sommer R, Hartmann L, Titz A. Development and optimization of a competitive binding assay for the galactophilic low affinity lectin LecA from Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 14:7933-48. [PMID: 27488655 DOI: 10.1039/c6ob01313a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Infections with the Gram-negative bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa result in a high mortality among immunocompromised patients and those with cystic fibrosis. The pathogen can switch from planktonic life to biofilms, and thereby shields itself against antibiotic treatment and host immune defense to establish chronic infections. The bacterial protein LecA, a C-type lectin, is a virulence factor and an integral component for biofilm formation. Inhibition of LecA with its carbohydrate ligands results in reduced biofilm mass, a potential Achilles heel for treatment. Here, we report the development and optimization of a fluorescence polarization-based competitive binding assay with LecA for application in screening of potential inhibitors. As a consequence of the low affinity of d-galactose for LecA, the fluorescent ligand was optimized to reduce protein consumption in the assay. The assay was validated using a set of known inhibitors of LecA and IC50 values in good agreement with the known Kd values were obtained. Finally, we employed the optimized assay to screen sets of synthetic thio-galactosides and natural blood group antigens and report their structure-activity relationship. In addition, we evaluated a multivalent fluorescent assay probe for LecA and report its applicability in an inhibition assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines Joachim
- Chemical Biology of Carbohydrates, Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), D-66123 Saarbrücken, Germany. and Deutsches Zentrum für Infektionsforschung (DZIF), Standort Hannover, Braunschweig, Germany and Department of Chemistry and Graduate School Chemical Biology, University of Konstanz, D-78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Sebastian Rikker
- Department of Chemistry and Graduate School Chemical Biology, University of Konstanz, D-78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Dirk Hauck
- Chemical Biology of Carbohydrates, Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), D-66123 Saarbrücken, Germany. and Deutsches Zentrum für Infektionsforschung (DZIF), Standort Hannover, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Daniela Ponader
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Department of Biomolecular Systems, Research Campus Golm, 14424 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Sophia Boden
- Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Roman Sommer
- Chemical Biology of Carbohydrates, Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), D-66123 Saarbrücken, Germany. and Deutsches Zentrum für Infektionsforschung (DZIF), Standort Hannover, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Laura Hartmann
- Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Alexander Titz
- Chemical Biology of Carbohydrates, Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), D-66123 Saarbrücken, Germany. and Deutsches Zentrum für Infektionsforschung (DZIF), Standort Hannover, Braunschweig, Germany and Department of Chemistry and Graduate School Chemical Biology, University of Konstanz, D-78457 Konstanz, Germany
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22
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Kim HS, Hyun JY, Park SH, Shin I. Analysis of binding properties of pathogens and toxins using multivalent glycan microarrays. RSC Adv 2018; 8:14898-14905. [PMID: 35541319 PMCID: PMC9080041 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra01285g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathogens infect hosts often through initial binding of their cell surface lectins to glycans expressed on the exterior of host cells. Thus, methods to evaluate the glycan-binding properties of pathogens are of great importance. Because of the multivalent nature of interactions of pathogens with glycans, the ability to assess the glycan density-dependent binding of pathogens is particularly important. In this study, we developed a facile technique to construct multivalent carbohydrate microarrays through immobilization of unmodified glycans on multivalent hydrazide-derivatized glass surfaces. This immobilization strategy does not require the use of multivalent glycoconjugates, which are typically prepared by using multistep sequences. The results of analysis of microarray images, obtained after incubation of multivalent glycan microarrays with cholera toxin B and pathogens such as uropathogenic E. coli and H. pylori, show that the binding affinities of toxins and pathogens for glycans are highly glycan density-dependent. Specifically, toxins and pathogens bind to glycans more strongly as the valency of the glycans on the microarrays is increased from 1 to 4. It is anticipated that the newly developed immobilization method will be applicable to the preparation of multivalent carbohydrate microarrays that are employed to evaluate multivalent glycan binding properties of a variety of pathogens and toxins. Microarrays constructed by immobilizing free glycans on multivalent hydrazide-coated surfaces were applied to evaluate multivalent glycan binding properties of pathogens.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyoung Sub Kim
- Center for Biofunctional Molecules
- Department of Chemistry
- Yonsei University
- Seoul 03722
- Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Young Hyun
- Center for Biofunctional Molecules
- Department of Chemistry
- Yonsei University
- Seoul 03722
- Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Hyun Park
- Center for Biofunctional Molecules
- Department of Chemistry
- Yonsei University
- Seoul 03722
- Republic of Korea
| | - Injae Shin
- Center for Biofunctional Molecules
- Department of Chemistry
- Yonsei University
- Seoul 03722
- Republic of Korea
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23
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Gibadullin R, Farnsworth DW, Barchi JJ, Gildersleeve JC. GalNAc-Tyrosine Is a Ligand of Plant Lectins, Antibodies, and Human and Murine Macrophage Galactose-Type Lectins. ACS Chem Biol 2017. [PMID: 28644609 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.7b00471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
In 2011, a new type of protein O-glycosylation was discovered in which N-acetylgalactosamine is attached to the side chain of tyrosine (GalNAc-Tyr). While present on dozens of proteins, the biological roles of GalNAc-Tyr are unknown. To gain insight into this new type of modification, we synthesized a group of GalNAc-Tyr glycopeptides, constructed microarrays, and evaluated potential recognition of GalNAc-Tyr by a series of glycan-binding proteins. Through a series of >150 microarray experiments, we assessed binding properties of a variety of plant lectins, monoclonal antibodies, and endogenous lectins. VVL, HPA, and SBA were all found to bind tightly to GalNAc-Tyr, and several Tn binding antibodies and blood group A antibodies were found to cross-react with GalNAc-Tyr. Thus, detection of GalNAc-Tyr modified proteins is an important consideration when analyzing results from these reagents. Additionally, we evaluated potential recognition by two mammalian lectins, human (hMGL) and murine (mMGL-2) macrophage galactose type C-type lectins. Both hMGL and mMGL-2 bound tightly to GalNAc-Tyr determinants. The apparent Kd values (∼1-40 nM) were on par with some of the best known ligands for MGL, such as the Tn antigen. hMGL also bound the natural beta-amyloid peptide containing a GalNAc-Tyr epitope. STD NMR experiments provided structural insights into the molecular basis of recognition. Finally, GalNAc-Tyr was selectively captured by mMGL-2 positive dendritic cells. These results provide the first evidence that GalNAc-Tyr modified proteins and/or peptides may be ligands for hMGL and mMGL-2 and offer unique structures for the design of MGL targeting agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruslan Gibadullin
- Chemical
Biology Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 376 Boyles St., Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
| | - David Wayne Farnsworth
- Chemical
Biology Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 376 Boyles St., Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
| | - Joseph J. Barchi
- Chemical
Biology Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 376 Boyles St., Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
| | - Jeffrey C. Gildersleeve
- Chemical
Biology Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 376 Boyles St., Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
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24
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Raguin A, Ebenhöh O. Design starch: stochastic modeling of starch granule biogenesis. Biochem Soc Trans 2017; 45:885-893. [PMID: 28673938 PMCID: PMC5652221 DOI: 10.1042/bst20160407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Revised: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Starch is the most widespread and abundant storage carbohydrate in plants and the main source of carbohydrate in the human diet. Owing to its remarkable properties and commercial applications, starch is still of growing interest. Its unique granular structure made of intercalated layers of amylopectin and amylose has been unraveled thanks to recent progress in microscopic imaging, but the origin of such periodicity is still under debate. Both amylose and amylopectin are made of linear chains of α-1,4-bound glucose residues, with branch points formed by α-1,6 linkages. The net difference in the distribution of chain lengths and the branching pattern of amylose (mainly linear), compared with amylopectin (racemose structure), leads to different physico-chemical properties. Amylose is an amorphous and soluble polysaccharide, whereas amylopectin is insoluble and exhibits a highly organized structure of densely packed double helices formed between neighboring linear chains. Contrarily to starch degradation that has been investigated since the early 20th century, starch production is still poorly understood. Most enzymes involved in starch growth (elongation, branching, debranching, and partial hydrolysis) are now identified. However, their specific action, their interplay (cooperative or competitive), and their kinetic properties are still largely unknown. After reviewing recent results on starch structure and starch growth and degradation enzymatic activity, we discuss recent results and current challenges for growing polysaccharides on granular surface. Finally, we highlight the importance of novel stochastic models to support the analysis of recent and complex experimental results, and to address how macroscopic properties emerge from enzymatic activity and structural rearrangements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adélaïde Raguin
- Institute of Quantitative and Theoretical Biology, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
| | - Oliver Ebenhöh
- Institute of Quantitative and Theoretical Biology, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences, Institute of Quantitative and Theoretical Biology, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
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25
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Sterner E, Peach ML, Nicklaus MC, Gildersleeve JC. Therapeutic Antibodies to Ganglioside GD2 Evolved from Highly Selective Germline Antibodies. Cell Rep 2017; 20:1681-1691. [PMID: 28813678 PMCID: PMC5572838 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.07.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Revised: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibodies play a crucial role in host defense and are indispensable research tools, diagnostics, and therapeutics. Antibody generation involves binding of genomically encoded germline antibodies followed by somatic hypermutation and in vivo selection to obtain antibodies with high affinity and selectivity. Understanding this process is critical for developing monoclonal antibodies, designing effective vaccines, and understanding autoantibody formation. Prior studies have found that antibodies to haptens, peptides, and proteins evolve from polyspecific germline antibodies. The immunological evolution of antibodies to mammalian glycans has not been studied. Using glycan microarrays, protein microarrays, cell binding studies, and molecular modeling, we demonstrate that therapeutic antibodies to the tumor-associated ganglioside GD2 evolved from highly specific germline precursors. The results have important implications for developing vaccines and monoclonal antibodies that target carbohydrate antigens. In addition, they demonstrate an alternative pathway for antibody evolution within the immune system that is distinct from the polyspecific germline pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Sterner
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Megan L Peach
- Basic Science Program, Chemical Biology Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Marc C Nicklaus
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Jeffrey C Gildersleeve
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
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26
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Hyun JY, Park CW, Liu Y, Kwon D, Park SH, Park S, Pai J, Shin I. Carbohydrate Analogue Microarrays for Identification of Lectin-Selective Ligands. Chembiochem 2017; 18:1077-1082. [PMID: 28422419 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201700091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Fifty-five mono- and disaccharide analogues were prepared and used for the construction of microarrays to uncover lectin-selective ligands. The microarray study showed that two disaccharide analogues, 28' and 44', selectively bind to Solanum tuberosum lectin (STL) and wheat germ agglutinin (WGA), respectively. Cell studies indicated that 28' and 44' selectively block the binding of STL and WGA to mammalian cells, unlike the natural ligand LacNAc, which suppresses binding of both STL and WGA to cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Young Hyun
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - Cheol Wan Park
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - Yanna Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - Daeun Kwon
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - Seong-Hyun Park
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - Sungjin Park
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - Jaeyoung Pai
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - Injae Shin
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Korea
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27
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Angeli A, Li M, Dupin L, Vergoten G, Noël M, Madaoui M, Wang S, Meyer A, Géhin T, Vidal S, Vasseur JJ, Chevolot Y, Morvan F. Design and Synthesis of Galactosylated Bifurcated Ligands with Nanomolar Affinity for Lectin LecA from Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Chembiochem 2017; 18:1036-1047. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201700154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Angeli
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM); UMR 5247; CNRS; Université Montpellier; ENSCM; Place Eugène Bataillon CC1704 34095 Montpellier cedex 5 France
| | - Muchen Li
- Université de Lyon; Institut des Nanotechnologies de Lyon; INL); UMR CNRS 5270; Site Ecole Centrale de Lyon; 36 avenue Guy de Collongue 69134 Ecully cedex France
| | - Lucie Dupin
- Université de Lyon; Institut des Nanotechnologies de Lyon; INL); UMR CNRS 5270; Site Ecole Centrale de Lyon; 36 avenue Guy de Collongue 69134 Ecully cedex France
| | - Gérard Vergoten
- Unité de Glycobiologie Structurelle et Fonctionnelle; UGSF); UMR 8576 CNRS; Université de Lille 1; Cité Scientifique; Avenue Mendeleiev Bat. C9 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq cedex France
| | - Mathieu Noël
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM); UMR 5247; CNRS; Université Montpellier; ENSCM; Place Eugène Bataillon CC1704 34095 Montpellier cedex 5 France
| | - Mimouna Madaoui
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM); UMR 5247; CNRS; Université Montpellier; ENSCM; Place Eugène Bataillon CC1704 34095 Montpellier cedex 5 France
| | - Shuai Wang
- Institut de Chimie et Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires; Laboratoire de Chimie Organique 2; Glycochimie UMR 5246; CNRS; Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1; 43 Boulevard du 11 Novembre 1918 69622 Villeurbanne France
| | - Albert Meyer
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM); UMR 5247; CNRS; Université Montpellier; ENSCM; Place Eugène Bataillon CC1704 34095 Montpellier cedex 5 France
| | - Thomas Géhin
- Université de Lyon; Institut des Nanotechnologies de Lyon; INL); UMR CNRS 5270; Site Ecole Centrale de Lyon; 36 avenue Guy de Collongue 69134 Ecully cedex France
| | - Sébastien Vidal
- Institut de Chimie et Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires; Laboratoire de Chimie Organique 2; Glycochimie UMR 5246; CNRS; Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1; 43 Boulevard du 11 Novembre 1918 69622 Villeurbanne France
| | - Jean-Jacques Vasseur
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM); UMR 5247; CNRS; Université Montpellier; ENSCM; Place Eugène Bataillon CC1704 34095 Montpellier cedex 5 France
| | - Yann Chevolot
- Université de Lyon; Institut des Nanotechnologies de Lyon; INL); UMR CNRS 5270; Site Ecole Centrale de Lyon; 36 avenue Guy de Collongue 69134 Ecully cedex France
| | - François Morvan
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM); UMR 5247; CNRS; Université Montpellier; ENSCM; Place Eugène Bataillon CC1704 34095 Montpellier cedex 5 France
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28
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Abstract
Not only are glycan-mediated binding processes in cells and organisms essential for a wide range of physiological processes, but they are also implicated in various pathological processes. As a result, elucidation of glycan-associated biomolecular interactions and their consequences is of great importance in basic biological research and biomedical applications. In 2002, we and others were the first to utilize glycan microarrays in efforts aimed at the rapid analysis of glycan-associated recognition events. Because they contain a number of glycans immobilized in a dense and orderly manner on a solid surface, glycan microarrays enable multiple parallel analyses of glycan-protein binding events while utilizing only small amounts of glycan samples. Therefore, this microarray technology has become a leading edge tool in studies aimed at elucidating roles played by glycans and glycan binding proteins in biological systems. In this Account, we summarize our efforts on the construction of glycan microarrays and their applications in studies of glycan-associated interactions. Immobilization strategies of functionalized and unmodified glycans on derivatized glass surfaces are described. Although others have developed immobilization techniques, our efforts have focused on improving the efficiencies and operational simplicity of microarray construction. The microarray-based technology has been most extensively used for rapid analysis of the glycan binding properties of proteins. In addition, glycan microarrays have been employed to determine glycan-protein interactions quantitatively, detect pathogens, and rapidly assess substrate specificities of carbohydrate-processing enzymes. More recently, the microarrays have been employed to identify functional glycans that elicit cell surface lectin-mediated cellular responses. Owing to these efforts, it is now possible to use glycan microarrays to expand the understanding of roles played by glycans and glycan binding proteins in biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Young Hyun
- National Creative Research Initiative Center
for Biofunctional Molecules, Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Jaeyoung Pai
- National Creative Research Initiative Center
for Biofunctional Molecules, Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Injae Shin
- National Creative Research Initiative Center
for Biofunctional Molecules, Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
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Street STG, Chin DN, Hollingworth GJ, Berry M, Morales JC, Galan MC. Divalent Naphthalene Diimide Ligands Display High Selectivity for the Human Telomeric G-quadruplex in K + Buffer. Chemistry 2017; 23:6953-6958. [PMID: 28257554 PMCID: PMC5485019 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201700140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Selective G‐quadruplex ligands offer great promise for the development of anti‐cancer therapies. A novel series of divalent cationic naphthalene diimide ligands that selectively bind to the hybrid form of the human telomeric G‐quadruplex in K+ buffer are described herein. We demonstrate that an imidazolium‐bearing mannoside‐conjugate is the most selective ligand to date for this quadruplex against several other quadruplex and duplex structures. We also show that a similarly selective methylpiperazine‐bearing ligand was more toxic to HeLa cancer cells than doxorubicin, whilst exhibiting three times less toxicity towards fetal lung fibroblasts WI‐38.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven T G Street
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK
| | - Donovan N Chin
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, 250 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02139, USA
| | | | - Monica Berry
- School of Physics, University of Bristol, HH Wills Physics Laboratory, Bristol, BS8 1TL, UK
| | - Juan C Morales
- Instituto de Parasitología y Biomedicina, Avenida del Conocimiento, s/n, 18016, Armilla, Granada, Spain
| | - M Carmen Galan
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK
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Abstract
Speed and throughput are vital ingredients for discovery driven, "-omics" research. The small molecule microarray (SMM) succeeds at delivering phenomenal screening throughput and versatility. The concept at the heart of the technology is elegant, yet simple: by presenting large collections of molecules in high density on a flat surface, one is able to interrogate all possible interactions with desired targets, in just a single step. SMMs have become established as the choice platform for screening, lead discovery, and molecular characterization. This introduction describes the principles governing microarray construction and use, focusing on practical challenges faced when conducting SMM experiments. It will explain the key design considerations and lay the foundation for the chapters that follow. (An earlier version of this chapter appeared in Small Molecule Microarrays: Methods and Protocols, published in 2010.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahesh Uttamchandani
- Defence Medical and Environmental Research Institute, DMERI, DSO National Laboratories, #09-01, 27 Medical Drive, Singapore, Singapore, 117510. .,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, Singapore, 117543.
| | - Shao Q Yao
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, Singapore, 117543.
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Kanamori T, Sawamura T, Tanaka T, Sotokawa I, Mori R, Inada K, Ohkubo A, Ogura SI, Murayama Y, Otsuji E, Yuasa H. Coating lanthanide nanoparticles with carbohydrate ligands elicits affinity for HeLa and RAW264.7 cells, enhancing their photodamaging effect. Bioorg Med Chem 2016; 25:743-749. [PMID: 27939346 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2016.11.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Revised: 11/26/2016] [Accepted: 11/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Lanthanide nanoparticles (LNPs) conjugated with monosaccharides were synthesized as a photon energy-upconverting nanodevice with affinity to cancer cells. The conjugates were designed to selectively damage the cancer cells containing protoporphyrin IX, a photosensitizer endogenously synthesized from priorly administrated 5-aminolevlunic acid (ALA), by a highly tissue-penetrative near-infrared (NIR) irradiation. First of all, the affinities of monosaccharides toward cells (HeLa, RAW264.7, and MKN45) were assessed by a novel cell aggregation assay with trivalent monosaccharide-citric acid conjugates. As a result, HeLa exhibited high affinity for glucose, while RAW264.7 for glucose, galactose, mannose, and fucose. A similar cell-monosaccharide affinity was microscopically observed when the cells were mixed with monosaccharide-LNP conjugates and rinsed, in which the high affinity LNP probes luminesced on the cells. The high affinity monosaccharide-LNPs showed greater photodamaging effects than the unmodified LNP toward the corresponding cells, when the cells were pretreated with ALA and irradiated by NIR. This study demonstrates that carbohydrates can be used as selective ligands for cancer cells in a photodynamic therapy with LNP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Kanamori
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, J2-10, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan
| | - Takashi Sawamura
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, J2-10, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan
| | - Tatsumi Tanaka
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, J2-10, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan
| | - Izumi Sotokawa
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, J2-10, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan
| | - Ryota Mori
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, J2-10, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan
| | - Kotaro Inada
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, J2-10, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan
| | - Akihiro Ohkubo
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, J2-10, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan
| | - Shun-Ichiro Ogura
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, J2-10, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan
| | - Yasutoshi Murayama
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kawaramachihirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Eigo Otsuji
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kawaramachihirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Hideya Yuasa
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, J2-10, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan.
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Geissner A, Seeberger PH. Glycan Arrays: From Basic Biochemical Research to Bioanalytical and Biomedical Applications. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (PALO ALTO, CALIF.) 2016; 9:223-47. [PMID: 27306309 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-anchem-071015-041641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
A major branch of glycobiology and glycan-focused biomedicine studies the interaction between carbohydrates and other biopolymers, most importantly, glycan-binding proteins. Today, this research into glycan-biopolymer interaction is unthinkable without glycan arrays, tools that enable high-throughput analysis of carbohydrate interaction partners. Glycan arrays offer many applications in basic biochemical research, for example, defining the specificity of glycosyltransferases and lectins such as immune receptors. Biomedical applications include the characterization and surveillance of influenza strains, identification of biomarkers for cancer and infection, and profiling of immune responses to vaccines. Here, we review major applications of glycan arrays both in basic and applied research. Given the dynamic nature of this rapidly developing field, we focus on recent findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Geissner
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max-Planck-Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
- Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Peter H Seeberger
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max-Planck-Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
- Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany;
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Shiao TC, Rej R, Rose M, Pavan GM, Roy R. Synthesis of Dense and Chiral Dendritic Polyols Using Glyconanosynthon Scaffolds. Molecules 2016; 21:448. [PMID: 27049377 PMCID: PMC6274151 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21040448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Revised: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Most classical dendrimers are frequently built-up from identical repeating units of low valency (usually AB2 monomers). This strategy necessitates several generations to achieve a large number of surface functionalities. In addition, these typical monomers are achiral. We propose herein the use of sugar derivatives consisting of several and varied functionalities with their own individual intrinsic chirality as both scaffolds/core as well as repeating units. This approach allows the construction of chiral, dense dendrimers with a large number of surface groups at low dendrimer generations. Perpropargylated β-d-glucopyranoside, serving as an A5 core, together with various derivatives, such as 2-azidoethyl tetra-O-allyl-β-d-glucopyranoside, serving as an AB4 repeating moiety, were utilized to construct chiral dendrimers using “click chemistry” (CuAAC reaction). These were further modified by thiol-ene and thiol-yne click reactions with alcohols to provide dendritic polyols. Molecular dynamic simulation supported the assumption that the resulting polyols have a dense structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tze Chieh Shiao
- Pharmaqam and Nanoqam, Department of Chemistry, University of Québec a Montréal, P.O. Box 8888, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3P8, Canada.
| | - Rabindra Rej
- Pharmaqam and Nanoqam, Department of Chemistry, University of Québec a Montréal, P.O. Box 8888, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3P8, Canada.
| | - Mariécka Rose
- Pharmaqam and Nanoqam, Department of Chemistry, University of Québec a Montréal, P.O. Box 8888, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3P8, Canada.
| | - Giovanni M Pavan
- Department of Innovative Technologies, University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland, Galleria 2, Manno CH-6928, Switzerland.
| | - René Roy
- Pharmaqam and Nanoqam, Department of Chemistry, University of Québec a Montréal, P.O. Box 8888, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3P8, Canada.
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Pai J, Hyun S, Hyun JY, Park SH, Kim WJ, Bae SH, Kim NK, Yu J, Shin I. Screening of Pre-miRNA-155 Binding Peptides for Apoptosis Inducing Activity Using Peptide Microarrays. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:857-67. [PMID: 26771315 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b09216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNA-155, one of the most potent miRNAs that suppress apoptosis in human cancer, is overexpressed in numerous cancers, and it displays oncogenic activity. Peptide microarrays, constructed by immobilizing 185 peptides containing the C-terminal hydrazide onto epoxide-derivatized glass slides, were employed to evaluate peptide binding properties of pre-miRNA-155 and to identify its binding peptides. Two peptides, which were identified based on the results of peptide microarray and in vitro Dicer inhibition studies, were found to inhibit generation of mature miRNA-155 catalyzed by Dicer and to enhance expression of miRNA-155 target genes in cells. In addition, the results of cell experiments indicate that peptide inhibitors promote apoptotic cell death via a caspase-dependent pathway. Finally, observations made in NMR and molecular modeling studies suggest that a peptide inhibitor preferentially binds to the upper bulge and apical stem-loop region of pre-miRNA-155, thereby suppressing Dicer-mediated miRNA-155 processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaeyoung Pai
- National Creative Research Center for Biofunctional Molecules, Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University , Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Soonsil Hyun
- Department of Chemistry and Education, Seoul National University , Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Ji Young Hyun
- National Creative Research Center for Biofunctional Molecules, Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University , Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Seong-Hyun Park
- National Creative Research Center for Biofunctional Molecules, Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University , Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Won-Je Kim
- Advanced Analysis Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology , Seoul 02792, Korea
| | - Sung-Hun Bae
- CKD Research Institute , 315-20, Dongbaekjukjeon-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17006, Korea
| | - Nak-Kyoon Kim
- Advanced Analysis Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology , Seoul 02792, Korea
| | - Jaehoon Yu
- Department of Chemistry and Education, Seoul National University , Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Injae Shin
- National Creative Research Center for Biofunctional Molecules, Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University , Seoul 03722, Korea
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Pai J, Hyun JY, Jeong J, Loh S, Cho EH, Kang YS, Shin I. Carbohydrate microarrays for screening functional glycans. Chem Sci 2016; 7:2084-2093. [PMID: 29899934 PMCID: PMC5968531 DOI: 10.1039/c5sc03789a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbohydrate microarrays were used for the simultaneous screening of various glycans whose binding to the cell-surface lectin elicits cellular response.
Carbohydrate microarrays have become robust and powerful tools for the rapid analysis of glycan-associated binding events. However, this microarray technology has rarely been applied in studies of glycan-mediated cellular responses. Herein we describe a carbohydrate microarray-based approach for the rapid screening of biologically active glycans that stimulate the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) through binding to the cell-surface lectin. We employed a microarray assay and a fluorescent ROS probe to identify the functional glycans which enhance ROS production. Cells binding to glycans on the microarrays produced ROS, whose levels were decreased in the presence of a ROS scavenger or a NADPH oxidase inhibitor. The present study leads us to suggest that glycan microarrays are applicable to the simultaneous screening of various glycans whose binding to the cell-surface lectin elicits cellular response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaeyoung Pai
- Center for Biofunctional Molecules , Department of Chemistry , Yonsei University , Seoul 03722 , Korea .
| | - Ji Young Hyun
- Center for Biofunctional Molecules , Department of Chemistry , Yonsei University , Seoul 03722 , Korea .
| | - Jieun Jeong
- Center for Biofunctional Molecules , Department of Chemistry , Yonsei University , Seoul 03722 , Korea .
| | - Sohee Loh
- Department of Biomedical Science and Technology , Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology , College of Veterinary Medicine , Konkuk University , Seoul 05029 , Korea
| | - Eun-Hee Cho
- Department of Biomedical Science and Technology , Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology , College of Veterinary Medicine , Konkuk University , Seoul 05029 , Korea
| | - Young-Sun Kang
- Department of Biomedical Science and Technology , Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology , College of Veterinary Medicine , Konkuk University , Seoul 05029 , Korea
| | - Injae Shin
- Center for Biofunctional Molecules , Department of Chemistry , Yonsei University , Seoul 03722 , Korea .
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Glycoarray Technologies: Deciphering Interactions from Proteins to Live Cell Responses. MICROARRAYS 2016; 5:microarrays5010003. [PMID: 27600069 PMCID: PMC5003448 DOI: 10.3390/microarrays5010003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Revised: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Microarray technologies inspired the development of carbohydrate arrays. Initially, carbohydrate array technology was hindered by the complex structures of glycans and their structural variability. The first designs of glycoarrays focused on the HTP (high throughput) study of protein-glycan binding events, and subsequently more in-depth kinetic analysis of carbohydrate-protein interactions. However, the applications have rapidly expanded and now achieve successful discrimination of selective interactions between carbohydrates and, not only proteins, but also viruses, bacteria and eukaryotic cells, and most recently even live cell responses to immobilized glycans. Combining array technology with other HTP technologies such as mass spectrometry is expected to allow even more accurate and sensitive analysis. This review provides a broad overview of established glycoarray technologies (with a special focus on glycosaminoglycan applications) and their emerging applications to the study of complex interactions between glycans and whole living cells.
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Dupin L, Zuttion F, Géhin T, Meyer A, Phaner-Goutorbe M, Vasseur JJ, Souteyrand E, Morvan F, Chevolot Y. Effects of the Surface Densities of Glycoclusters on the Determination of Their IC50andKdValue Determination by Using a Microarray. Chembiochem 2015; 16:2329-36. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201500371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Dupin
- Institut des Nanotechnologies de Lyon (INL); UMR 5270 CNRS; Ecole Centrale de Lyon; Université de Lyon; 36 Avenue Guy de Collongue 69134 Ecully France
| | - Francesca Zuttion
- Institut des Nanotechnologies de Lyon (INL); UMR 5270 CNRS; Ecole Centrale de Lyon; Université de Lyon; 36 Avenue Guy de Collongue 69134 Ecully France
| | - Thomas Géhin
- Institut des Nanotechnologies de Lyon (INL); UMR 5270 CNRS; Ecole Centrale de Lyon; Université de Lyon; 36 Avenue Guy de Collongue 69134 Ecully France
| | - Albert Meyer
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM); UMR 5247 CNRS; UM; ENSCM; Université de Montpellier; Place E. Bataillon CC1704 34095 Montpellier Cedex 5 France
| | - Magali Phaner-Goutorbe
- Institut des Nanotechnologies de Lyon (INL); UMR 5270 CNRS; Ecole Centrale de Lyon; Université de Lyon; 36 Avenue Guy de Collongue 69134 Ecully France
| | - Jean-Jacques Vasseur
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM); UMR 5247 CNRS; UM; ENSCM; Université de Montpellier; Place E. Bataillon CC1704 34095 Montpellier Cedex 5 France
| | - Eliane Souteyrand
- Institut des Nanotechnologies de Lyon (INL); UMR 5270 CNRS; Ecole Centrale de Lyon; Université de Lyon; 36 Avenue Guy de Collongue 69134 Ecully France
| | - François Morvan
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM); UMR 5247 CNRS; UM; ENSCM; Université de Montpellier; Place E. Bataillon CC1704 34095 Montpellier Cedex 5 France
| | - Yann Chevolot
- Institut des Nanotechnologies de Lyon (INL); UMR 5270 CNRS; Ecole Centrale de Lyon; Université de Lyon; 36 Avenue Guy de Collongue 69134 Ecully France
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Ligeour C, Dupin L, Angeli A, Vergoten G, Vidal S, Meyer A, Souteyrand E, Vasseur JJ, Chevolot Y, Morvan F. Importance of topology for glycocluster binding to Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Burkholderia ambifaria bacterial lectins. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 13:11244-54. [PMID: 26412676 DOI: 10.1039/c5ob01445j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) and Burkholderia ambifaria (BA) are two opportunistic Gram negative bacteria and major infectious agents involved in lung infection of cystic fibrosis patients. Both bacteria can develop resistance to conventional antibiotherapies. An alternative strategy consists of targeting virulence factors in particular lectins with high affinity ligands such as multivalent glycoclusters. LecA (PA-IL) and LecB (PA-IIL) are two tetravalent lectins from PA that recognise galactose and fucose respectively. BambL lectin from BA is trimeric with 2 binding sites per monomer and is also specific for fucose. These three lectins are potential therapeutic targets in an anti-adhesive anti-bacterial approach. Herein, we report the synthesis of 18 oligonucleotide pentofuranose-centered or mannitol-centered glycoclusters leading to tri-, penta- or decavalent clusters with different topologies. The linker arm length between the core and the carbohydrate epitope was also varied leading to 9 galactoclusters targeting LecA and 9 fucoclusters targeting both LecB and BambL. Their dissociation constants (Kd) were determined using a DNA-based carbohydrate microarray technology. The trivalent xylo-centered galactocluster and the ribo-centered fucocluster exhibited the best affinity for LecA and LecB respectively while the mannitol-centered decafucocluster displayed the best affinity to BambL. These data demonstrated that the topology and nature of linkers were the predominant factors for achieving high affinity rather than valency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Ligeour
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR 5247 CNRS, Université de Montpellier, ENSCM, place Eugène Bataillon, CC1704, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France.
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Campanero-Rhodes MA, Llobet E, Bengoechea JA, Solís D. Bacteria microarrays as sensitive tools for exploring pathogen surface epitopes and recognition by host receptors. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra14570d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
We have developed a readily adaptable microarray technology for high-throughput screening of pathogen-binding biomolecules and inhibitors of pathogen–counter-receptor interactions, based on the generation of bacteria microarrays.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Asunción Campanero-Rhodes
- Instituto de Química Física Rocasolano
- CSIC
- Madrid
- Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES)
| | - Enrique Llobet
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES)
- Madrid
- Spain
- Programa Infección e Inmunidad
- Fundación de Investigación Sanitaria de las Illes Balears Ramón Llull (FISIB)
| | - José Antonio Bengoechea
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES)
- Madrid
- Spain
- Centre for Infection and Immunity
- Queen's University
| | - Dolores Solís
- Instituto de Química Física Rocasolano
- CSIC
- Madrid
- Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES)
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‘Click’ glycosylation of peptides through cysteine propargylation and CuAAC. Bioorg Med Chem 2014; 22:6672-6683. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2014.09.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Revised: 09/19/2014] [Accepted: 09/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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41
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Claes D, Memmel E, Holzapfel M, Seibel J, Maison W. High-Affinity Carbohydrate Binding by Trimeric Benzoboroxoles Measured on Carbohydrate Arrays. Chembiochem 2014; 15:2450-7. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201402297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Maolanon NN, Blaise M, Sørensen KK, Thygesen MB, Cló E, Sullivan JT, Ronson CW, Stougaard J, Blixt O, Jensen KJ. Lipochitin oligosaccharides immobilized through oximes in glycan microarrays bind LysM proteins. Chembiochem 2014; 15:425-34. [PMID: 24436194 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201300520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Glycan microarrays have emerged as novel tools to study carbohydrate-protein interactions. Here we describe the preparation of a covalent microarray with lipochitin oligosaccharides and its use in studying proteins containing LysM domains. The glycan microarray was assembled from glycoconjugates that were synthesized by using recently developed bifunctional chemoselective aminooxy reagents without the need for transient carbohydrate protecting groups. We describe for the first time the preparation of a covalent microarray with lipochitin oligosaccharides and its use for studying proteins containing LysM domains. Lipochitin oligosaccharides (also referred to as Nod factors) were isolated from bacterial strains or chemoenzymatically synthesized. The glycan microarray also included peptidoglycan-related compounds, as well as chitin oligosaccharides of different lengths. In total, 30 ligands were treated with the aminooxy linker molecule. The identity of the glycoconjugates was verified by mass spectrometry, and they were then immobilized on the array. The presence of the glycoconjugates on the array surface was confirmed by use of lectins and human sera (IgG binding). The functionality of our array was tested with a bacterial LysM domain-containing protein, autolysin p60, which is known to act on the bacterial cell wall peptidoglycan. P60 showed specific binding to Nod factors and to chitin oligosaccharides. Increasing affinity was observed with increasing chitin oligomer length.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolai N Maolanon
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg C (Denmark); Centre for Carbohydrate Recognition and Signalling, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg C (Denmark)
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Gray CJ, Weissenborn MJ, Eyers CE, Flitsch SL. Enzymatic reactions on immobilised substrates. Chem Soc Rev 2014; 42:6378-405. [PMID: 23579870 DOI: 10.1039/c3cs60018a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
This review gives an overview of enzymatic reactions that have been conducted on substrates attached to solid surfaces. Such biochemical reactions have become more important with the drive to miniaturisation and automation in chemistry, biology and medicine. Technical aspects such as choice of solid surface and analytical methods are discussed and examples of enzyme reactions that have been successful on these surfaces are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Gray
- School of Chemistry & Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Road, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK
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Kottari N, Chabre YM, Shiao TC, Rej R, Roy R. Efficient and accelerated growth of multifunctional dendrimers using orthogonal thiol–ene and SN2 reactions. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:1983-5. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cc46633g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Immobilized glycosylated Fmoc-amino acid for SPR: comparative studies of lectin-binding to linear or biantennary diLacNAc structures. Carbohydr Res 2013; 382:77-85. [PMID: 24211369 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2013.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2013] [Revised: 10/04/2013] [Accepted: 10/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A method to immobilize glycan-linked amino acids with protected α-amino groups, which are key intermediates to produce the desired neoglycoprotein, to a Biacore sensor chip was developed and its utility for interaction analyses was demonstrated. Two types of diN-acetyllactosamine (diLacNAc)-containing glycans, a core 2 hexasaccharide involving linear diLacNAc that is O-linked to N-(9-fluorenyl)methoxycarbonyl (Fmoc)-Thr and a biantennary diLacNAc that is N-linked to Fmoc-Asn, were used as ligands. For immobilization, the free carboxyl groups of the amino acid residues were activated with EDC/NHS, then reacted with the ethylenediamine-derivatized carboxymethyldextran sensor chip to obtain the desired ligand concentrations. Interactions of the ligands with five plant lectins were analyzed by surface plasmon resonance, and the bindings were compared. The resonance unit of each lectin was corrected by subtracting that of the reference cell on which the Fmoc-Thr-core 1 or Fmoc-Asn was immobilized as a ligand. The carbohydrate specificities of interactions were verified by preincubating lectins with their respective inhibitory sugar before injection. By steady state analysis, the Lycopersicon esculentum lectin showed a 27-fold higher affinity to linear diLacNAc than to biantennary diLacNAc, while Datura stramonium and Solanum tuberosum lectins both showed low Ka,apps of 10(6)M(-1) for these two ligands. In contrast, Ricinus communis agglutinin-120 showed a 3.2-fold higher Ka,app to biantennary LacNAc than to linear diLacNAc. A lectin purified from Pleurocybella porrigens mushroom interacted at the high affinity of 10(8)M(-1) with both linear and biantennary diLacNAcs, which identified it as a unique probe. This method provides a useful and sensitive system to analyze interactions by simulating the glycans on the cell surface.
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Abstract
Glycosylation is an important post-translational modification that influences many biological processes critical for development, normal physiologic function, and diseases. Unfortunately, progress toward understanding the roles of glycans in biology has been slow due to the challenges of studying glycans and the proteins that interact with them. Glycan microarrays provide a high-throughput approach for the rapid analysis of carbohydrate-macromolecule interactions. Protocols detailed here are intended to help laboratories with basic familiarity of DNA or protein microarrays to begin printing and performing assays using glycan microarrays. Basic and advanced data processing are also detailed, along with strategies for improving reproducibility of data collected with glycan arrays. Curr. Protoc. Chem Biol. 2:37-53. © 2010 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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Abstract
In the last decade, carbohydrate microarrays have been core technologies for analyzing carbohydrate-mediated recognition events in a high-throughput fashion. A number of methods have been exploited for immobilizing glycans on the solid surface in a microarray format. This microarray-based technology has been widely employed for rapid analysis of the glycan binding properties of lectins and antibodies, the quantitative measurements of glycan-protein interactions, detection of cells and pathogens, identification of disease-related anti-glycan antibodies for diagnosis, and fast assessment of substrate specificities of glycosyltransferases. This review covers the construction of carbohydrate microarrays, detection methods of carbohydrate microarrays and their applications in biological and biomedical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungjin Park
- National Creative Research Initiative Center for Biofunctional Molecules, Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Korea
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Serna S, Hokke CH, Weissenborn M, Flitsch S, Martin-Lomas M, Reichardt NC. Profiling Glycosyltransferase Activities by Tritium Imaging of Glycan Microarrays. Chembiochem 2013; 14:862-9. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201300051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Goudot A, Pourceau G, Meyer A, Gehin T, Vidal S, Vasseur JJ, Morvan F, Souteyrand E, Chevolot Y. Quantitative analysis (Kd and IC50) of glycoconjugates interactions with a bacterial lectin on a carbohydrate microarray with DNA Direct Immobilization (DDI). Biosens Bioelectron 2013; 40:153-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2012.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2012] [Revised: 06/22/2012] [Accepted: 07/07/2012] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Peng W, Nycholat CM, Razi N. Glycan microarray screening assay for glycosyltransferase specificities. Methods Mol Biol 2013; 1022:1-14. [PMID: 23765649 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-62703-465-4_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Glycan microarrays represent a high-throughput approach to determining the specificity of glycan-binding proteins against a large set of glycans in a single format. This chapter describes the use of a glycan microarray platform for evaluating the activity and substrate specificity of glycosyltransferases (GTs). The methodology allows simultaneous screening of hundreds of immobilized glycan acceptor substrates by in situ incubation of a GT and its appropriate donor substrate on the microarray surface. Using biotin-conjugated donor substrate enables direct detection of the incorporated sugar residues on acceptor substrates on the array. In addition, the feasibility of the method has been validated using label-free donor substrate combined with lectin-based detection of product to assess enzyme activity. Here, we describe the application of both procedures to assess the specificity of a recombinant human α2-6 sialyltransferase. This technique is readily adaptable to studying other glycosyltransferases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Peng
- Glycan Microarray Synthesis Core, Consortium for Functional Glycomics, Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
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