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Varghese EV, Yao CY, Chen CH. Investigation of Mechanochromic Luminescence of Pyrene-based Aggregation-Induced Emission Luminogens: Correlation between Molecular Packing and Luminescence Behavior. Chem Asian J 2024; 19:e202300910. [PMID: 37932879 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202300910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
To better understand the correlation between molecular structure and optical properties such as aggregation-induced emission (AIE) and mechanochromic luminescence (MCL) emission, two new pyrene-based derivatives with substitutions at the 4- and 5-positions (1HH) and at the 4-, 5-, 9-, and 10-positions (2HH) were designed and synthesized. Cyano groups were introduced at the periphery of the synthesized compounds (1HCN, 1OCN, 1BCN, 2HCN, 2OCN, and 2BCN) to investigate the influence of these groups on the emission properties of the pyrene derivatives both in solution and in the solid state. The fluorescence emission performance of these compounds in water/acetone mixtures was simultaneously studied, revealing outstanding aggregation-induced emission properties. The typical shift in emission maxima to higher values was attributed to J-aggregate formation in the aggregate state. Careful investigation of the crystal structures demonstrated abundant and intense intermolecular interactions, such as C-H…π and C-H…N hydrogen bonds, contributing to the remarkable mechanochromic luminescence performance of these compounds. The MCL properties of all the compounds were investigated using powder X-ray diffraction, and the remarkable mechanochromic properties were attributed to J-aggregate phenomena in the solid state. These results provide valuable insights into the structure-property relationship of organic MCL materials, guiding the design of efficient organic MCL materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eldhose V Varghese
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, No. 100, Shih-Chuan 1st Road, Sanmin Dist., Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yu Yao
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, No. 100, Shih-Chuan 1st Road, Sanmin Dist., Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hsiang Chen
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, No. 100, Shih-Chuan 1st Road, Sanmin Dist., Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan
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2
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Feng X, Wang X, Redshaw C, Tang BZ. Aggregation behaviour of pyrene-based luminescent materials, from molecular design and optical properties to application. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:6715-6753. [PMID: 37694728 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00251a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Molecular aggregates are self-assembled from multiple molecules via weak intermolecular interactions, and new chemical and physical properties can emerge compared to their individual molecule. With the development of aggregate science, much research has focused on the study of the luminescence behaviour of aggregates rather than single molecules. Pyrene as a classical fluorophore has attracted great attention due to its diverse luminescence behavior depending on the solution state, molecular packing pattern as well as morphology, resulting in wide potential applications. For example, pyrene prefers to emit monomer emission in dilute solution but tends to form a dimer via π-π stacking in the aggregation state, resulting in red-shifted emission with quenched fluorescence and quantum yield. Over the past two decades, much effort has been devoted to developing novel pyrene-based fluorescent molecules and determining the luminescence mechanism for potential applications. Since the concept of "aggregation-induced emission (AIE)" was proposed by Tang et al. in 2001, aggregate science has been established, and the aggregated luminescence behaviour of pyrene-based materials has been extensively investigated. New pyrene-based emitters have been designed and synthesized not only to investigate the relationships between the molecular structure and properties and advanced applications but also to examine the effect of the aggregate morphology on their optical and electronic properties. Indeed, new aggregated pyrene-based molecules have emerged with unique properties, such as circularly polarized luminescence, excellent fluorescence and phosphorescence and electroluminescence, ultra-high mobility, etc. These properties are independent of their molecular constituents and allow for a number of cutting-edge technological applications, such as chemosensors, organic light-emitting diodes, organic field effect transistors, organic solar cells, Li-batteries, etc. Reviews published to-date have mainly concentrated on summarizing the molecular design and multi-functional applications of pyrene-based fluorophores, whereas the aggregation behaviour of pyrene-based luminescent materials has received very little attention. The majority of the multi-functional applications of pyrene molecules are not only closely related to their molecular structures, but also to the packing model they adopt in the aggregated state. In this review, we will summarize the intriguing optoelectronic properties of pyrene-based luminescent materials boosted by aggregation behaviour, and systematically establish the relationship between the molecular structure, aggregation states, and optoelectronic properties. This review will provide a new perspective for understanding the luminescence and electronic transition mechanism of pyrene-based materials and will facilitate further development of pyrene chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Feng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Information Photonics Technology, School of Material and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China.
| | - Xiaohui Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Information Photonics Technology, School of Material and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China.
| | - Carl Redshaw
- Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, University of Hull, Hull, Yorkshire HU6 7RX, UK.
| | - Ben Zhong Tang
- School of Science and Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Aggregate Science and Technology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen (CUHK-Shenzhen), Guangdong 518172, China.
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3
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Siddiqui I, Kumar S, Tsai YF, Gautam P, Shahnawaz, Kesavan K, Lin JT, Khai L, Chou KH, Choudhury A, Grigalevicius S, Jou JH. Status and Challenges of Blue OLEDs: A Review. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:2521. [PMID: 37764550 PMCID: PMC10536903 DOI: 10.3390/nano13182521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) have outperformed conventional display technologies in smartphones, smartwatches, tablets, and televisions while gradually growing to cover a sizable fraction of the solid-state lighting industry. Blue emission is a crucial chromatic component for realizing high-quality red, green, blue, and yellow (RGBY) and RGB white display technologies and solid-state lighting sources. For consumer products with desirable lifetimes and efficiency, deep blue emissions with much higher power efficiency and operation time are necessary prerequisites. This article reviews over 700 papers covering various factors, namely, the crucial role of blue emission for full-color displays and solid-state lighting, the performance status of blue OLEDs, and the systematic development of fluorescent, phosphorescent, and thermally activated delayed fluorescence blue emitters. In addition, various challenges concerning deep blue efficiency, lifetime, and approaches to realizing deeper blue emission and higher efficacy for blue OLED devices are also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iram Siddiqui
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Sudhir Kumar
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Yi-Fang Tsai
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Prakalp Gautam
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Shahnawaz
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Kiran Kesavan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Jin-Ting Lin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Luke Khai
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Hsien Chou
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Abhijeet Choudhury
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Saulius Grigalevicius
- Department of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Kaunas University of Technology, LT-50254 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Jwo-Huei Jou
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
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4
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Wang X, Zhang C, Zeng J, Mao X, Redshaw C, Niu G, Yu X, Feng X. One-Pot Synthesis of Pyreno[2,1-b]furan Molecules with Two-Photon Absorption Properties. J Org Chem 2022; 87:12741-12748. [PMID: 36074893 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c01303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The development of large π-conjugated polycyclic heteroaromatic materials is of immense interest, both in the academic as well as the industrial community. Herein, we present the efficient one-pot synthesis of novel pyreno[2,1-b]furan molecules from a newly designed intermediate, which display intense green emission (505-516 nm) in solution and a large red shift emission (625-640 nm) in the solid state, because of strong π-π stacking. More interestingly, the compounds exhibit novel two-photon absorption (TPA) properties, and the TPA cross-section (δ) value was increased to 533 GM by regulating the electronic effects of the substituents of the pyreno[2,1-b]furan molecules. This study not only offers a facile strategy for constructing new pyrene-fused luminescence materials with two-photon absorption properties but also provides a new chemical intermediate that opens up a new pathway to advanced materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Information Photonics Technology, School of Material and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Chengjing Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Information Photonics Technology, School of Material and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Jin Zeng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Information Photonics Technology, School of Material and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyu Mao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Information Photonics Technology, School of Material and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Carl Redshaw
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull, Yorkshire HU6 7RX, UK
| | - Guangle Niu
- Center of Bio and Micro/Nano Functional Materials, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoqiang Yu
- Center of Bio and Micro/Nano Functional Materials, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, P. R. China
| | - Xing Feng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Information Photonics Technology, School of Material and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates (South China University of Technology), Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
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5
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Copolymers of 3-Arylthieno[3,2-b]thiophenes Bearing Different Substituents: Synthesis, Electronic, Optical, Sensor and Memory Properties. Eur Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2022.111167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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6
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Thanikachalam V, Karunakaran U, Jayabharathi J, Thilagavathy S. Multifunctional pyrenoimidazole substituted tetraphenylethylene derivatives: Mechanochromism and aggregation-induced emission. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2021.113489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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7
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Pathiranage TSK, Ma Z, Udamulle Gedara CM, Pan X, Lee Y, Gomez ED, Biewer MC, Matyjaszewski K, Stefan MC. Improved Self-Assembly of P3HT with Pyrene-Functionalized Methacrylates. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:27325-27334. [PMID: 34693153 PMCID: PMC8529656 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c04176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A block copolymer with discotic liquid crystalline behavior was synthesized using Grignard metathesis polymerization (GRIM) and initiators for continuous activator regeneration atom transfer radical polymerization (ICAR-ATRP). A novel discotic liquid crystalline mesogen, 6-(pyren-1-yloxy)hexyl methacrylate (PyMA), comprises a block that is attached to regioregular poly(3-hexylthiophene) (rr-P3HT) generated by GRIM and subjected to end-group modification. Due to the continuous regeneration of Cu+ in the reaction mixture in ICAR-ATRP compared to conventional methods, the synthesis was successfully performed with less catalyst. The purity and yield of the final product are increased by eliminating rigorous post-synthesis purification. Stacked pyrene units have contributed to the enhanced long-range π-π interactions and aligning of the P3HT block as observed in thin-film X-ray diffraction (XRD). Furthermore, field-effect mobilities in the order of 10-2 cm2 V-1 s-1 in bottom-gate, top-contact organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) suggest an enhancement in charge transport due to the discotic electron-rich pyrene units that help mitigate the insulating effect of the methacrylate backbone. The formation of uniform microdomains of P3HT-b-poly(PyMA) observed with tapping mode atomic force microscopy (TMAFM) on the channel regions of OFETs indicates the unique packing of the block copolymer in comparison to pristine P3HT. Thermotropic properties of the novel discotic mesogen in the presence and absence of P3HT were observed with both the poly(3-hexylthiophene)-b-poly(6-(pyren-1-yloxy)hexyl methacrylate) (P3HT-b-poly(PyMA)) block copolymer and poly(6-(pyren-1-yloxy)hexyl methacrylate) (poly(PyMA)) homopolymer using polarized optical microscopy (POM) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC).
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Affiliation(s)
- Taniya
M. S. K. Pathiranage
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, Texas 75080, United
States
| | - Ziyuan Ma
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, Texas 75080, United
States
| | - Chinthaka M. Udamulle Gedara
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, Texas 75080, United
States
| | - Xiangcheng Pan
- Center
for Macromolecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Youngmin Lee
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, The New Mexico
Institute of Mining and Technology, Socorro, New Mexico 87801, United States
| | - Enrique D. Gomez
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, The New Mexico
Institute of Mining and Technology, Socorro, New Mexico 87801, United States
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Department of Materials Science and Engineering,
and Materials Research Institute, The Pennsylvania
State University, 404 Steidle Building, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Michael C. Biewer
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, Texas 75080, United
States
| | - Krzysztof Matyjaszewski
- Center
for Macromolecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Mihaela C. Stefan
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, Texas 75080, United
States
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8
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NBN unit functionalized pyrene derivatives with different photophysical and anti-counterfeiting properties. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2021.113206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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9
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Hindenberg P, Rominger F, Romero‐Nieto C. Hin zur Kontrolle lumineszenter, optisch‐aktiver 3D‐Architekturen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202011368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Philip Hindenberg
- Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Organisch-Chemisches Institut Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Deutschland
| | - Frank Rominger
- Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Organisch-Chemisches Institut Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Deutschland
| | - Carlos Romero‐Nieto
- Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Organisch-Chemisches Institut Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Deutschland
- Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha Pharmazeutische Fakultät Calle Almansa 14 – Edif. Bioincubadora 02008 Albacete Spanien
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10
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Hindenberg P, Rominger F, Romero‐Nieto C. En Route Towards the Control of Luminescent, Optically-Active 3D Architectures. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:766-773. [PMID: 32985792 PMCID: PMC7820950 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202011368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
π-Extended systems are key components for the development of future organic electronic technologies. While conceiving molecules with improved properties is fundamental for the evolution of materials science, keeping control over the 3D arrangement of molecules represents an ever-expanding challenge. Herein, a synthetic protocol to replace carbon atoms of π-systems by dissymmetric phosphorus atoms is reported; in particular, it allowed for conceiving new fused phosphapyrene derivatives with improved properties. The presence of dissymmetric phosphorus atoms precluded the formation of excimers. X-ray diffraction revealed that, meanwhile, strong intermolecular interactions are taking place in the solid state. The phosphapyrenes photoluminesce in the visible region with high quantum yields; importantly, they are CD-active. In addition, the unique non-planar features of phosphorus atoms allowed for the control of the 3D arrangement of molecules, rendering lemniscate-like structures. Based on our discoveries, we envisage the possibility to construct higher-order, chiral 3D architectures from larger phosphorus-containing π-systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Hindenberg
- Ruprecht-Karls-Universität HeidelbergOrganisch-Chemisches InstitutIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Frank Rominger
- Ruprecht-Karls-Universität HeidelbergOrganisch-Chemisches InstitutIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Carlos Romero‐Nieto
- Ruprecht-Karls-Universität HeidelbergOrganisch-Chemisches InstitutIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
- Universidad de Castilla-La ManchaFaculty of PharmacyCalle Almansa 14 – Edif. Bioincubadora02008AlbaceteSpain
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Werner S, Vollgraff T, Fan Q, Bania K, Gottfried JM, Sundermeyer J. Reductive O-triflylation of naphthalene diimide: access to alkyne- and amine-functionalized 2,7-diazapyrenes. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo00862e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A reductive one-pot triflylation and silylation of naphthalene diimide is presented. Post-functionalization of the 1,3,6,8-tetratriflato key compound leads to so far non-accessible UHV processable tetraalkynyl and tetraaminyl 2,7-diazapyrenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Werner
- Fachbereich Chemie and Material Science Center (WZMW), Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans Meerwein Straße 4, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Vollgraff
- Fachbereich Chemie and Material Science Center (WZMW), Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans Meerwein Straße 4, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Qitang Fan
- Fachbereich Chemie and Material Science Center (WZMW), Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans Meerwein Straße 4, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Kevin Bania
- Fachbereich Chemie and Material Science Center (WZMW), Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans Meerwein Straße 4, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - J. Michael Gottfried
- Fachbereich Chemie and Material Science Center (WZMW), Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans Meerwein Straße 4, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Jörg Sundermeyer
- Fachbereich Chemie and Material Science Center (WZMW), Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans Meerwein Straße 4, 35032 Marburg, Germany
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12
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Hendrich CM, Sekine K, Koshikawa T, Tanaka K, Hashmi ASK. Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Gold Catalysis for Materials Science. Chem Rev 2020; 121:9113-9163. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christoph M. Hendrich
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Kohei Sekine
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, 6-1 Kasugakoen, Kasuga-shi, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, 6-1 Kasugakoen, Kasuga-shi, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan
| | - Takumi Koshikawa
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
| | - Ken Tanaka
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
| | - A. Stephen K. Hashmi
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
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13
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Zhang J, Wang S, Wang M, Tian F, Zhao X, Tian Y, Ba X. Multi‐Color Emitting Pyrene Derivatives: Synthesis, Optoelectronic and Electroluminescent Properties. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202000146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science Hebei University Baoding 071002 P. R. China
| | - Sujuan Wang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science Hebei University Baoding 071002 P. R. China
| | - Mengna Wang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science Hebei University Baoding 071002 P. R. China
| | - Feng Tian
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of New Energy Photovoltaic Devices College of Physics Science and Technology Hebei University Baoding 071002 P. R. China
| | - Xiaohui Zhao
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of New Energy Photovoltaic Devices College of Physics Science and Technology Hebei University Baoding 071002 P. R. China
| | - Yuelan Tian
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science Hebei University Baoding 071002 P. R. China
| | - Xinwu Ba
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science Hebei University Baoding 071002 P. R. China
- Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University Baoding 071000 P. R. China
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14
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De Silva TD, Youm SG, Tamas GG, Yang B, Wang CH, Fronczek FR, Sahasrabudhe G, Sterling S, Quarels RD, Chhotaray PK, Nesterov EE, Warner IM. Pyrenylpyridines: Sky-Blue Emitters for Organic Light-Emitting Diodes. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:16867-16877. [PMID: 31646233 PMCID: PMC6796915 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b01948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A novel sky-blue-emitting tripyrenylpyridine derivative, 2,4,6-tri(1-pyrenyl)pyridine (2,4,6-TPP), has been synthesized using a Suzuki coupling reaction and compared with three previously reported isomeric dipyrenylpyridine (DPP) analogues (2,4-di(1-pyrenyl)pyridine (2,4-DPP), 2,6-di(1-pyrenyl)pyridine (2,6-DPP), and 3,5-di(1-pyrenyl)pyridine (3,5-DPP)). As revealed by single-crystal X-ray analysis and computational simulations, all compounds possess highly twisted conformations in the solid state with interpyrene torsional angles of 42.3°-57.2°. These solid-state conformations and packing variations of pyrenylpyridines could be correlated to observed variations in physical characteristics such as photo/thermal stability and spectral properties, but showed only marginal influence on electrochemical properties. The novel derivative, 2,4,6-TPP, exhibited the lowest degree of crystallinity as revealed by powder X-ray diffraction analysis and formed amorphous thin films as verified using grazing-incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering. This compound also showed high thermal/photo stability relative to its disubstituted analogues (DPPs). Thus, a nondoped organic light-emitting diode (OLED) prototype was fabricated using 2,4,6-TPP as the emissive layer, which displayed a sky-blue electroluminescence with Commission Internationale de L'Eclairage (CIE) coordinates of (0.18, 0.34). This OLED prototype achieved a maximum external quantum efficiency of 6.0 ± 1.2% at 5 V. The relatively high efficiency for this simple-architecture device reflects a good balance of electron and hole transporting ability of 2,4,6-TPP along with efficient exciton formation in this material and indicates its promise as an emitting material for design of blue OLED devices.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sang Gil Youm
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
| | - George G. Tamas
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
| | - Boqian Yang
- Horiba Scientific, 20 Knightsbridge Road, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Chun-Han Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
| | - Frank R. Fronczek
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
| | - Girija Sahasrabudhe
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
| | - Sierra Sterling
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
| | - Rashanique D. Quarels
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
| | - Pratap K. Chhotaray
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
| | - Evgueni E. Nesterov
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
| | - Isiah M. Warner
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
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15
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Vanga M, Lalancette RA, Jäkle F. Controlling the Optoelectronic Properties of Pyrene by Regioselective Lewis Base‐Directed Electrophilic Aromatic Borylation. Chemistry 2019; 25:10133-10140. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201901231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mukundam Vanga
- Department of Chemistry Rutgers University-Newark 73 Warren Street Newark NJ 07102 USA
| | - Roger A. Lalancette
- Department of Chemistry Rutgers University-Newark 73 Warren Street Newark NJ 07102 USA
| | - Frieder Jäkle
- Department of Chemistry Rutgers University-Newark 73 Warren Street Newark NJ 07102 USA
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17
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Agosti A, Kuna E, Bergamini G. Divergent Terpyridine-Based Coordination for the Construction of Photoactive Supramolecular Structures. Eur J Inorg Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201801263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amedeo Agosti
- Department of Chemistry “Giacomo Ciamician”; University of Bologna; Via Selmi 2 40126 Bologna Italy
| | - Ewelina Kuna
- Department of Chemistry “Giacomo Ciamician”; University of Bologna; Via Selmi 2 40126 Bologna Italy
| | - Giacomo Bergamini
- Department of Chemistry “Giacomo Ciamician”; University of Bologna; Via Selmi 2 40126 Bologna Italy
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18
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Chen L, Hu B, Zhang J, Zhang J, Huang S, Ren P, Zou Y, Ding F, Liu X, Li H. A facile synthesis of 1,3,6,8-pyrenesulfonic acid tetrasodium salt as a hydrosoluble fluorescent ink for anti-counterfeiting applications. RSC Adv 2019; 9:476-481. [PMID: 35521570 PMCID: PMC9059271 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra09106d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, 1,3,6,8-pyrenesulfonic acid sodium salt (PTSA) was successfully synthesized via a one-step sulfonating reaction. This method is more convenient, effective and eco-friendly than the traditional one. The as-prepared PTSA exhibits pure blue fluorescence under UV light. Due to its excellent fluorescent properties and water solubility, PTSA was used to prepare water-soluble invisible inks based on hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) aqueous solution. Notably, the resulting inks possessed acceptable stability after being stored for 30 days. Besides, the red/green/blue fluorescent inks were obtained by adding extra pigments, all of which exhibited excellent rheology and thixotropy properties. Subsequently, various patterns, including a QR code, the logo of Wuhan University, Chinese characters and so on, were printed on non-background paper through ink-jet and screen printing, and the as-prepared materials exhibited good water solubility and outstanding fluorescence performances, indicating that the fluorescent PTSA material is a promising candidate for anti-counterfeiting applications. In this work, 1,3,6,8-pyrenesulfonic acid sodium salt (PTSA) was successfully synthesized via a one-step sulfonating reaction and exhibited the potential in anti-counterfeiting.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangzhe Chen
- School of Printing and Packaging
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan 430072
- P. R. China
| | - Biao Hu
- School of Printing and Packaging
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan 430072
- P. R. China
| | - Jieyu Zhang
- School of Printing and Packaging
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan 430072
- P. R. China
| | - Jinmei Zhang
- School of Printing and Packaging
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan 430072
- P. R. China
| | - Shuting Huang
- School of Printing and Packaging
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan 430072
- P. R. China
| | - Ping Ren
- School of Printing and Packaging
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan 430072
- P. R. China
| | - Yang Zou
- School of Printing and Packaging
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan 430072
- P. R. China
| | - Fuyuan Ding
- School of Printing and Packaging
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan 430072
- P. R. China
| | - Xinghai Liu
- School of Printing and Packaging
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan 430072
- P. R. China
| | - Houbin Li
- School of Printing and Packaging
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan 430072
- P. R. China
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19
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Dou D, Wu P, Liao Z, Hao J, Zhang J, Wang Z. A thermally activated delayed fluorescence exciplex to achieve highly efficient and stable blue and green phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes. RSC Adv 2019; 9:23810-23817. [PMID: 35530600 PMCID: PMC9069484 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra02875g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of a thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) exciplex with high energy is of great significance in achieving highly efficient blue, green, and red organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) for use in full-color displays and white lighting. Highly efficient and stable blue and green phosphorescent OLEDs were demonstrated by employing a TADF exciplex (energy: 2.9 eV) based on 4-substituted aza-9,9′-spirobifluorenes (aza-SBFs). Blue PhOLEDs demonstrated a maximum current efficiency (CE) of 47.9 cd A−1 and an external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 22.5% at 1300 cd m−2 (2.5 times the values of aza-SBF-based systems), with the best blue PhOLED demonstrating a CE, power efficiency (PE) and EQE of 60.3 cd A−1, 52.7 lm W−1, and 26.2%, respectively. Green PhOLEDs exhibited a CE of 78.1 cd A−1 and EQE of 22.5% at 9360 cd m−2, with the best green PhOLED exhibiting a maximum CE, PE, and EQE of 87.4 cd A−1, 101.6 lm W−1, and 24.5%, respectively. The device operational lifetime was improved over 17-fold compared to reference devices because of the high thermal stability of the materials and full utilization of the TADF exciplex energy, indicating their potential for application in commercial OLEDs. A high energy TADF exciplex (415 nm) based on aza-spirobifluorene derivatives was demonstrated to achieve efficient and stable PhOLEDs.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Dehai Dou
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Display and System Applications
- Ministry of Education
- Shanghai University
- 200072 P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry
| | - Peng Wu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Display and System Applications
- Ministry of Education
- Shanghai University
- 200072 P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry
| | - Zhangcheng Liao
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Display and System Applications
- Ministry of Education
- Shanghai University
- 200072 P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry
| | - Jian Hao
- Department of Chemistry
- Shanghai University
- 200072 P. R. China
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Display and System Applications
- Ministry of Education
- Shanghai University
- 200072 P. R. China
| | - Zixing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Display and System Applications
- Ministry of Education
- Shanghai University
- 200072 P. R. China
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20
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Ha Vuong TM, Villemin D, Nguyen HH, Le TT, Dang TT, Nguyen H. Programmed Site-Selective Palladium-Catalyzed Arylation of Thieno[3,2-b
]thiophene. Chem Asian J 2017; 12:2819-2826. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201700562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Revised: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- T. M. Ha Vuong
- Faculty of Applied Sciences; Ton Duc Thang University; 19 Nguyen Huu Tho Street, Tan Phong Ward, District 7 Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam
- LCMT, UMR 6507, ENSICAEN; Normandie Université France; 6 bd Maréchal Juin 14000 Caen Cedex France
| | - Didier Villemin
- LCMT, UMR 6507, ENSICAEN; Normandie Université France; 6 bd Maréchal Juin 14000 Caen Cedex France
| | - Hung-Huy Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry; VNU-Hanoi University of Science; 19 Le Thanh Tong Street Ha Noi Vietnam
| | - Tin Thanh Le
- Faculty of Chemistry; Hochiminh National University of Education; 280 An Duong Vuong Hochiminh Vietnam
| | - Tung T. Dang
- Faculty of Applied Sciences; Ton Duc Thang University; 19 Nguyen Huu Tho Street, Tan Phong Ward, District 7 Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam
- COBRA UMR 6014 Batiment IRCOF; Normandie Université France; 1 Rue Tesniere 76821 Mont St Aignan Cedex France
| | - Hien Nguyen
- Division of Organic Chemistry; Faculty of Chemistry; Hanoi National University of Education; 136 Xuan Thuy, Cau Giay Ha Noi Vietnam
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21
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Chen T, Zhang B, Liu Z, Duan L, Dong G, Feng Y, Luo X, Cui D. Synthesis and properties of a thiophene-substituted diaza[7]helicene for application as a blue emitter in organic light-emitting diodes. Tetrahedron Lett 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2016.12.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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22
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Valsange NG, Wong FL, Shinde D, Lee CS, Roy VAL, Manzhos S, Feron K, Chang S, Katoh R, Sonar P, Wadgaonkar PP. A new pyrene cored small organic molecule with a flexible alkyl spacer: a potential solution processable blue emitter with bright photoluminescence. NEW J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7nj01921a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A new pyrene cored small organic molecule exhibiting a high PLQY and blue emission was designed and synthesized.
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23
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Zhang G, Auer-Berger M, Gehrig DW, Blom PWM, Baumgarten M, Schollmeyer D, List-Kratochvil EJW, Müllen K. Blue Light Emitting Polyphenylene Dendrimers with Bipolar Charge Transport Moieties. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21101400. [PMID: 27775617 PMCID: PMC6273451 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21101400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Revised: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Two light-emitting polyphenylene dendrimers with both hole and electron transporting moieties were synthesized and characterized. Both molecules exhibited pure blue emission solely from the pyrene core and efficient surface-to-core energy transfers when characterized in a nonpolar environment. In particular, the carbazole- and oxadiazole-functionalized dendrimer (D1) manifested a pure blue emission from the pyrene core without showing intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) in environments with increasing polarity. On the other hand, the triphenylamine- and oxadiazole-functionalized one (D2) displayed notable ICT with dual emission from both the core and an ICT state in highly polar solvents. D1, in a three-layer organic light emitting diode (OLED) by solution processing gave a pure blue emission with Commission Internationale de l’Éclairage 1931 CIE xy = (0.16, 0.12), a peak current efficiency of 0.21 cd/A and a peak luminance of 2700 cd/m2. This represents the first reported pure blue dendrimer emitter with bipolar charge transport and surface-to-core energy transfer in OLEDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang Zhang
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, Mainz D-55128, Germany.
| | - Manuel Auer-Berger
- Joanneum Research Materials, Institut für Oberflächentechnologien und Photonik, Franz-Pichler-Straße 30, Weiz 8160, Austria.
| | - Dominik W Gehrig
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, Mainz D-55128, Germany.
| | - Paul W M Blom
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, Mainz D-55128, Germany.
| | - Martin Baumgarten
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, Mainz D-55128, Germany.
| | - Dieter Schollmeyer
- Institute für Organische Chemie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Mainz D-55128, Germany.
| | - E J W List-Kratochvil
- Institut für Physik, Institut für Chemie, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, IRIS Adlershof, Unter den Linden 6, Berlin 10099, Germany.
| | - Klaus Müllen
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, Mainz D-55128, Germany.
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Feng X, Hu JY, Redshaw C, Yamato T. Functionalization of Pyrene To Prepare Luminescent Materials-Typical Examples of Synthetic Methodology. Chemistry 2016; 22:11898-916. [PMID: 27388023 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201600465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Pyrene-based π-conjugated materials are considered to be an ideal organic electro-luminescence material for application in semiconductor devices, such as organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) and organic photovoltaics (OPVs), and so forth. However, the great drawback of employing pyrene as an organic luminescence material is the formation of excimer emission, which quenches the efficiency at high concentration or in the solid-state. Thus, in order to obtain highly efficient optical devices, scientists have devoted much effort to tuning the structure of pyrene derivatives in order to realize exploitable properties by employing two strategies, 1) introducing a variety of moieties at the pyrene core, and 2) exploring effective and convenient synthetic strategies to functionalize the pyrene core. Over the past decades, our group has mainly focused on synthetic methodologies for functionalization of the pyrene core; we have found that formylation/acetylation or bromination of pyrene can selectly lead to functionalization at K-region by Lewis acid catalysis. Herein, this Minireview highlights the direct synthetic approaches (such as formylation, bromination, oxidation, and de-tert-butylation reactions, etc.) to functionalize the pyrene in order to advance research on luminescent materials for organic electronic applications. Further, this article demonstrates that the future direction of pyrene chemistry is asymmetric functionalization of pyrene for organic semiconductor applications and highlights some of the classical asymmetric pyrenes, as well as the latest breakthroughs. In addition, the photophysical properties of pyrene-based molecules are briefly reviewed. To give a current overview of the development of pyrene chemistry, the review selectively covers some of the latest reports and concepts from the period covering late 2011 to the present day.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Feng
- School of Printing and Packing Engineering, Beijing Institute of Graphic Communication, 1 Xinghua Avenue (Band Two), Daxing, Beijing, 102600, P.R. China. .,Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Saga University, Honjo-machi 1, Saga, 840-8502, Japan.
| | - Jian-Yong Hu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shannxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710062, Shannxi, P.R. China
| | - Carl Redshaw
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hull, Cottingham Rd, Hull, HU6 7RX, UK
| | - Takehiko Yamato
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Saga University, Honjo-machi 1, Saga, 840-8502, Japan.
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25
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Rajagopal SK, Reddy VS, Hariharan M. Crystallization induced green-yellow-orange emitters based on benzoylpyrenes. CrystEngComm 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ce00610h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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26
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Miah MJ, Shahabuddin M, Kayes MN, Karikomi M, Nasuno E, Kato N, Iimura KI. Fabrication and Characterization of Molecular Films of 11-Oxa[9]helicene and 9-Diethyleneglycoxy-11-oxa[9]helicene. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.14723/tmrsj.41.151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Md Jalil Miah
- Graduate School of Engineering, Utsunomiya University
| | | | | | | | - Eri Nasuno
- Graduate School of Engineering, Utsunomiya University
| | - Norihiro Kato
- Graduate School of Engineering, Utsunomiya University
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27
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Kurata R, Tanaka K, Ito A. Isolation and Characterization of Persistent Radical Cation and Dication of 2,7-Bis(dianisylamino)pyrene. J Org Chem 2015; 81:137-45. [PMID: 26690970 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b02425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Orbital interaction between 2,7-pyrenylene and two nitrogen redox-active centers effectively reduces the energy difference between HOMO and HOMO-1, both of which were distributed over the two nitrogen centers. In fact, one- and two-electron oxidation of 2,7-bis(dianisylamino)pyrene 3 generated a persistent radical cation and a persistent dication, respectively, and we succeeded in the isolation and single crystal X-ray structural analyses of all three oxidation states. The radical cation was considered as a spin and charge delocalized mixed-valence compound with a semiquinoidal structure. The dication was in an open-shell singlet state with a small singlet-triplet energy gap. The molecular and electronic structures for all three oxidation states of 3 were studied in comparison with the data reported for each oxidation state of closely related bis(triarylamine)s, of which structures were determined by X-ray crystallography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryohei Kurata
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University , Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Tanaka
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University , Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Akihiro Ito
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University , Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
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28
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Ben Braiek M, Aloui F, Moussa S, Ben Hassine B. Synthesis and characterization of new helically chiral heptacyclic systems. Tetrahedron Lett 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2015.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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29
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Senthamizhan A, Celebioglu A, Bayir S, Gorur M, Doganci E, Yilmaz F, Uyar T. Highly Fluorescent Pyrene-Functional Polystyrene Copolymer Nanofibers for Enhanced Sensing Performance of TNT. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:21038-46. [PMID: 26334455 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b07184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
A pyrene-functional polystyrene copolymer was prepared via 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction (Sharpless-type click recation) between azide-functional styrene copolymer and 1-ethynylpyrene. Subsequently, nanofibers of pyrene-functional polystyrene copolymer were obtained by using electrospinning technique. The nanofibers thus obtained, found to preserve their parent fluorescence nature, confirmed the avoidance of aggregation during fiber formation. The trace detection of trinitrotoluene (TNT) in water with a detection limit of 5 nM was demonstrated, which is much lower than the maximum allowable limit set by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Interestingly, the sensing performance was found to be selective toward TNT in water, even in the presence of higher concentrations of toxic metal pollutants such as Cd(2+), Co(2+), Cu(2+), and Hg(2+). The enhanced sensing performance was found to be due to the enlarged contact area and intrinsic nanoporous fiber morphology. Effortlessly, the visual colorimetric sensing performance can be seen by naked eye with a color change in a response time of few seconds. Furthermore, vapor-phase detection of TNT was studied, and the results are discussed herein. In terms of practical application, electrospun nanofibrous web of pyrene-functional polystyrene copolymer has various salient features including flexibility, reproducibility, and ease of use, and visual outputs increase their value and add to their advantage.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sumeyra Bayir
- Department of Chemistry, Gebze Technical University , Kocaeli 41400, Turkey
| | - Mesut Gorur
- Department of Chemistry, Istanbul Medeniyet University , Istanbul 34700, Turkey
| | - Erdinc Doganci
- Department of Chemistry, Gebze Technical University , Kocaeli 41400, Turkey
- Department of Science Education, Kocaeli University , Kocaeli 41380, Turkey
| | - Faruk Yilmaz
- Department of Chemistry, Gebze Technical University , Kocaeli 41400, Turkey
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30
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Hua W, Liu Z, Duan L, Dong G, Qiu Y, Zhang B, Cui D, Tao X, Cheng N, Liu Y. Deep-blue electroluminescence from nondoped and doped organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) based on a new monoaza[6]helicene. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra13486a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Electroluminescent properties of a new monoaza[6]helicene as deep-blue light emitters in nondoped and doped OLEDs were investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanming Hua
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials
- Shandong University
- Jinan
- China
| | - Zhi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials
- Shandong University
- Jinan
- China
| | - Lian Duan
- Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education
- Department of Chemistry
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
- China
| | - Guifang Dong
- Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education
- Department of Chemistry
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
- China
| | - Yong Qiu
- Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education
- Department of Chemistry
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
- China
| | - Baojie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials
- Shandong University
- Jinan
- China
| | - Deliang Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials
- Shandong University
- Jinan
- China
| | - Xutang Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials
- Shandong University
- Jinan
- China
| | - Na Cheng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shandong University
- Jinan
- China
| | - Yongjun Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shandong University
- Jinan
- China
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31
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Keawin T, Prachumrak N, Namuangruk S, Pansay S, Kungwan N, Maensiri S, Jungsuttiwong S, Sudyoadsuk T, Promarak V. Efficient bifunctional materials based on pyrene- and triphenylamine-functionalized dendrimers for electroluminescent devices. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra07161e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
These materials show a promising bifunctional property as blue emissive layer and hole-transporting layer for high efficiency solution processed blue and Alq3-based green OLEDs with much simpler device architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. Keawin
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Ubon Ratchathani University
- Ubon Ratchathani 34190
- Thailand
| | - N. Prachumrak
- School of Molecular Science and Engineering
- Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology
- Rayong
- Thailand
| | - S. Namuangruk
- National Nanotechnology Center
- Pathumthani 12120
- Thailand
| | - S. Pansay
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Ubon Ratchathani University
- Ubon Ratchathani 34190
- Thailand
| | - N. Kungwan
- Chemistry Department
- Faculty of Science
- Chiang Mai University
- Chiang Mai 50200
- Thailand
| | - S. Maensiri
- School of Physics
- Institute of Science
- Suranaree University of Technology
- Nakhon Ratchasima 30000
- Thailand
| | - S. Jungsuttiwong
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Ubon Ratchathani University
- Ubon Ratchathani 34190
- Thailand
| | - T. Sudyoadsuk
- School of Molecular Science and Engineering
- Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology
- Rayong
- Thailand
| | - V. Promarak
- School of Molecular Science and Engineering
- Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology
- Rayong
- Thailand
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32
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Dong Y, Yang Z, Ren Z, Yan S. Synthesis and the aggregation induced enhanced emission effect of pyrene based polysiloxanes. Polym Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5py00992h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A pyrene based polysiloxane (PySQ) has been successfully synthesized, which shows aggregation induced enhanced emission (AIEE) and the AIEE effect endows PySQ with a longer photoluminescence lifetime as determined by transient photoluminescence decay measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing 100029
- China
| | - Zhaomin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing 100029
- China
| | - Zhongjie Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing 100029
- China
| | - Shouke Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing 100029
- China
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33
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Novel photoluminescent material by laccase-mediated polymerization of 4-fluoroguaiacol throughout defluorination. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2014.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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34
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Salunke JK, Sonar P, Wong FL, Roy VAL, Lee CS, Wadgaonkar PP. Pyrene based conjugated materials: synthesis, characterization and electroluminescent properties. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:23320-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cp03693j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Liu SY, Liu WQ, Xu JQ, Fan CC, Fu WF, Ling J, Wu JY, Shi MM, Jen AKY, Chen HZ. Pyrene and diketopyrrolopyrrole-based oligomers synthesized via direct arylation for OSC applications. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2014; 6:6765-6775. [PMID: 24720695 DOI: 10.1021/am500522x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In this report, an atom efficient and facile synthetic strategy for accessing multi-diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP)-based oligomers used in solution-processed organic field effect transistors (OFETs) and organic solar cells (OSCs) has been developed. The DPP units were successfully installed onto benzene and pyrene cores via palladium-catalyzed dehydrohalogenative coupling of mono-capped DPPs with multi-bromo-benzene or -pyrene (direct arylation), affording four oligomer small molecules (SMs 1-4) containing bis-, tri-, tri-, and tetra-DPP, respectively, in high yields of 78-96%. All the designed linear or branched DPP-based oligomers exhibit broad light absorptions, narrow band-gaps (1.60-1.73 eV), deep highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) levels (-5.26∼-5.18 eV), and good thermal stability (Td=390-401 °C). OFETs based on SMs 1-4 showed hole mobilities of 0.0033, 0.0056, 0.0005, and 0.0026 cm2 V(-1) s(-1), respectively. OSCs based on SMs 1-4 under one sun achieved power conversion efficiencies of 3.00%, 3.71%, 2.47%, and 1.86% accordingly, along with high open-circuit voltages of 0.86-0.94 V. For OSC devices of SM 1, SM 3, and SM 4, the solvent CHCl3 was solely employed to the formation of active layers; neither high boiling point additives nor annealing post-treatment was needed. Such a simple process benefits the large-scale production of OSCs via roll to roll technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Yong Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, and Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
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El-Ballouli AO, Khnayzer RS, Khalife JC, Fonari A, Hallal KM, Timofeeva TV, Patra D, Castellano FN, Wex B, Kaafarani BR. Diarylpyrenes vs. diaryltetrahydropyrenes: Crystal structures, fluorescence, and upconversion photochemistry. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2013.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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37
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Hu JY, Feng X, Paudel A, Tomiyasu H, Rayhan U, Thuéry P, Elsegood MRJ, Redshaw C, Yamato T. Synthesis, Structural, and Photophysical Properties of the First Member of the Class of Pyrene-Based [4]Helicenes. European J Org Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201300487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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38
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Kumar D, Thomas KRJ, Lin CC, Jou JH. Pyrenoimidazole-Based Deep-Blue-Emitting Materials: Optical, Electrochemical, and Electroluminescent Characteristics. Chem Asian J 2013; 8:2111-24. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201300271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2013] [Revised: 04/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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39
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Li YX, Sun GX, Miao JL, Nie Y, Zhang ZW, Tao XT. Effect of vinylene bond geometry on the molecule packing and aggregation-enhanced emission property of a pair of 1-[(9-anthracenyl)vinyl]pyrene isomers. Tetrahedron Lett 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2013.04.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Wang J, Xu X, Shi L, Li L. Fluorescent organic nanoparticles based on branched small molecule: preparation and ion detection in lithium-ion battery. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2013; 5:3392-3400. [PMID: 23530569 DOI: 10.1021/am4004396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescent organic nanoparticles (FONs) as a new class of nanomaterials can provide more advantages than molecule based probes. However, their applications in specific metal ion detection have rarely been exploited. We design and synthesize a branched small-molecule compound with triazole as a core and benzothiadiazole derivative as branches. By a facile reprecipitation method, nanoparticles (NPs) of this compound can be prepared in aqueous solutions, which can show high selectivity and sensitivity to Fe(III) ions based on fluorescence quenching. In addition, the fluorescence intensity of these NPs is resistant to pH changes in solutions. Such characters of this kind of NPs can be utilized in Fe(3+) impurity detection in a promising cathode material (LiFePO4) for lithium ion batteries. When exposed to Fe(3+), both the triazole and benzothiadiazole groups contribute to the fluorescence quenching of NPs, but the former one plays a more important role in Fe(3+) impurity detection. The sensing mechanism has also been investigated which indicates that a Fe-organic complex formation may be responsible for such sensing behavior. Our findings demonstrate that specific metal ion detection can be realized by FONs and have extended the application field of FONs for chemical sensing in aqueous solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinshan Wang
- State Key Lab for Advanced Metals and Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, PR China
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41
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Tang C, Liu XD, Liu F, Wang XL, Xu H, Liu RL, Rong Z, Huang W. π-Conjugated Molecules Based on Truxene Cores and Pyrene Substitution: Synthesis and Properties. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH 2013. [DOI: 10.3184/174751913x13639408275103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Two starburst molecules based on pyrene with truxene cores, PYT and PYET, have been designed and synthesised by Pd(0)-catalysed Suzuki coupling and Sonogashira coupling reactions, respectively. Due to the different conjugation length, the solution absorption and emission spectra of PYET in dilute THF were redshifted compared with those of PYT. The solid absorption and emission spectra of PYET were also redshifted. Their thermal decomposition temperatures ( Td) were over 400 °C, and the glass transition temperatures ( Tg) were 96 and 124 °C, respectively, which showed that both materials possess good thermal stability. Electrochemical analysis implied that the HOMOs of PYET and PYT were similar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Tang
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays (KLOEID), Singapore-Jiangsu Joint Research Centre for Organic/Bio Electronics & Information Displays (COEID), Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications (NUPT), Nanjing 210046, P. R. China
| | - Xu-Dong Liu
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays (KLOEID), Singapore-Jiangsu Joint Research Centre for Organic/Bio Electronics & Information Displays (COEID), Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications (NUPT), Nanjing 210046, P. R. China
| | - Feng Liu
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays (KLOEID), Singapore-Jiangsu Joint Research Centre for Organic/Bio Electronics & Information Displays (COEID), Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications (NUPT), Nanjing 210046, P. R. China
| | - Xu-liang Wang
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays (KLOEID), Singapore-Jiangsu Joint Research Centre for Organic/Bio Electronics & Information Displays (COEID), Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications (NUPT), Nanjing 210046, P. R. China
| | - Hui Xu
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays (KLOEID), Singapore-Jiangsu Joint Research Centre for Organic/Bio Electronics & Information Displays (COEID), Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications (NUPT), Nanjing 210046, P. R. China
| | - Rui-Lan Liu
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays (KLOEID), Singapore-Jiangsu Joint Research Centre for Organic/Bio Electronics & Information Displays (COEID), Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications (NUPT), Nanjing 210046, P. R. China
- College of Automation, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications (NUPT), Nanjing 210046, P. R. China
| | - Zhou Rong
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays (KLOEID), Singapore-Jiangsu Joint Research Centre for Organic/Bio Electronics & Information Displays (COEID), Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications (NUPT), Nanjing 210046, P. R. China
- College of Automation, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications (NUPT), Nanjing 210046, P. R. China
| | - Wei Huang
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays (KLOEID), Singapore-Jiangsu Joint Research Centre for Organic/Bio Electronics & Information Displays (COEID), Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications (NUPT), Nanjing 210046, P. R. China
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42
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Effect of substituents on electrochemical and optical properties of thienyl-derivatized polypyrenes. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2012.11.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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43
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Hu JY, Paudel A, Seto N, Feng X, Era M, Matsumoto T, Tanaka J, Elsegood MRJ, Redshaw C, Yamato T. Pyrene-cored blue-light emitting [4]helicenes: synthesis, crystal structures, and photophysical properties. Org Biomol Chem 2013; 11:2186-97. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ob27320b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Feng X, Hu JY, Tomiyasu H, Seto N, Redshaw C, Elsegood MRJ, Yamato T. Synthesis and photophysical properties of novel butterfly-shaped blue emitters based on pyrene. Org Biomol Chem 2013; 11:8366-74. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ob41350k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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45
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46
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Wang T, Han J, Zhang Z, Xu B, Huang J, Su J. Bistriphenylamine-substituted fluoranthene derivatives as electroluminescent emitters and dye-sensitized solar cells. Tetrahedron 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2012.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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47
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Prachumrak N, Thangthong AM, Tarsang R, Keawin T, Jungsuttiwong S, Sudyoadsuk T, Promarak V. Synthesis, characterization, physical properties, and applications of highly fluorescent pyrene-functionalized 9,9-bis(4-diarylaminophenyl)fluorene in organic light-emitting diodes. Tetrahedron Lett 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2012.07.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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48
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Khunchalee J, Tarsang R, Prachumrak N, Jungsuttiwong S, Keawin T, Sudyoadsuk T, Promarak V. Synthesis and properties of oligofluorene-thiophenes as emissive materials for organic electroluminescent devices: color-tuning from deep blue to orange. Tetrahedron 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2012.07.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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49
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Feng X, Hu JY, Yi L, Seto N, Tao Z, Redshaw C, Elsegood MRJ, Yamato T. Pyrene-Based Y-shaped Solid-State Blue Emitters: Synthesis, Characterization, and Photoluminescence. Chem Asian J 2012; 7:2854-63. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201200530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2012] [Revised: 07/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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50
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Shi L, Liu Z, Dong G, Duan L, Qiu Y, Jia J, Guo W, Zhao D, Cui D, Tao X. Synthesis, structure, properties, and application of a carbazole-based diaza[7]helicene in a deep-blue-emitting OLED. Chemistry 2012; 18:8092-9. [PMID: 22592951 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201200068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A carbazole-based diaza[7]helicene, 2,12-dihexyl-2,12-diaza[7]helicene (1), was synthesized by a photochemical synthesis and its use as a deep-blue dopant emitter in an organic light-emitting diode (OLED) was examined. Compound 1 exhibited good solubility and excellent thermal stability with a high decomposition temperature (T(d)=372.1 °C) and a high glass-transition temperature (T(g), up to 203.0 °C). Single-crystal structural analysis of the crystalline clathrate (1)(2)⋅cyclohexane along with a theoretical investigation revealed a non-planar-fused structure of compound 1, which prevented the close-packing of molecules in the solid state and kept the molecule in a good amorphous state, which allowed the optimization of the properties of the OLED. A device with a structure of ITO/NPB (50 nm)/CBP:5 % 1 (30 nm)/BCP (20 nm)/Mg:Ag (100 nm)/Ag (50 nm) showed saturated blue light with Commission Internationale de L'Eclairage (CIE) coordinates of (0.15, 0.10); the maximum luminance efficiency and brightness were 0.22 cd A(-1) (0.09 Lm W(-1)) and 2365 cd m(-2), respectively. This new class of helicenes, based on carbazole frameworks, not only opens new possibilities for utilizing helicene derivatives in deep-blue-emitting OLEDs but may also have potential applications in many other fields, such as molecular recognition and organic nonlinear optical materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longqiang Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, PR China
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