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Zhang Y, Feng L, Hemu X, Tan NH, Wang Z. OSMAC Strategy: A promising way to explore microbial cyclic peptides. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 268:116175. [PMID: 38377824 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Microbial secondary metabolites are pivotal for the development of novel drugs. However, conventional culture techniques, have left a vast array of unexpressed biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) in microorganisms, hindering the discovery of metabolites with distinct structural features and diverse biological functions. To address this limitation, several innovative strategies have been emerged. The "One Strain Many Compounds" (OSMAC) strategy, which involves altering microbial culture conditions, has proven to be particularly effective in mining numerous novel secondary metabolites for the past few years. Among these, microbial cyclic peptides stand out. These peptides often comprise rare amino acids, unique chemical structures, and remarkable biological function. With the advancement of the OSMAC strategy, a plethora of new cyclic peptides have been identified from diverse microbial genera. This work reviews the progress in mining novel compounds using the OSMAC strategy and the applications of this strategy in discovering 284 microbial cyclic peptides from 63 endophytic strains, aiming to offer insights for the further explorations into novel active cyclic peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Li Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Xinya Hemu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Ning-Hua Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China.
| | - Zhe Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China.
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2
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Lv H, Li WJ, Xu P, Tang JG, Zheng Y, Wan Y, Lin Y, Wang H, Li XN. Structural diversity of microbial secondary metabolites based on chemical epigenetic manipulation. Bioorg Chem 2024; 143:107093. [PMID: 38185012 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.107093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Fungi are microorganisms with biosynthetic potential that are capable of producing a wide range of chemically diverse and biologically interesting small molecules. Chemical epigenetic manipulation has been increasingly explored as a simple and powerful tool to induce the production of additional microbial secondary metabolites in fungi. This review focuses on chemical epigenetic manipulation in fungi and summarizes 379 epigenetic manipulation products discovered from 2008 to 2022 to promote the discovery of their medicinal value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huawei Lv
- College of Pharmaceutical Science & Key Laboratory of Marine Fishery Resources Exploitment & Utilization of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Wen-Jing Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Science & Key Laboratory of Marine Fishery Resources Exploitment & Utilization of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Ping Xu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science & Key Laboratory of Marine Fishery Resources Exploitment & Utilization of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Jia-Gui Tang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science & Key Laboratory of Marine Fishery Resources Exploitment & Utilization of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Yu Zheng
- College of Pharmaceutical Science & Key Laboratory of Marine Fishery Resources Exploitment & Utilization of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Yu Wan
- College of Pharmaceutical Science & Key Laboratory of Marine Fishery Resources Exploitment & Utilization of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Yan Lin
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310012, China.
| | - Hong Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science & Key Laboratory of Marine Fishery Resources Exploitment & Utilization of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China.
| | - Xing-Nuo Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Science & Key Laboratory of Marine Fishery Resources Exploitment & Utilization of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China.
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3
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Mohamed NZ, Shaban L, Safan S, El-Sayed ASA. Physiological and metabolic traits of Taxol biosynthesis of endophytic fungi inhabiting plants: Plant-microbial crosstalk, and epigenetic regulators. Microbiol Res 2023; 272:127385. [PMID: 37141853 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2023.127385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Attenuating the Taxol productivity of fungi with the subculturing and storage under axenic conditions is the challenge that halts the feasibility of fungi to be an industrial platform for Taxol production. This successive weakening of Taxol productivity by fungi could be attributed to the epigenetic down-regulation and molecular silencing of most of the gene clusters encoding Taxol biosynthetic enzymes. Thus, exploring the epigenetic regulating mechanisms controlling the molecular machinery of Taxol biosynthesis could be an alternative prospective technology to conquer the lower accessibility of Taxol by the potent fungi. The current review focuses on discussing the different molecular approaches, epigenetic regulators, transcriptional factors, metabolic manipulators, microbial communications and microbial cross-talking approaches on restoring and enhancing the Taxol biosynthetic potency of fungi to be industrial platform for Taxol production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabil Z Mohamed
- Enzymology and Fungal Biotechnology Lab, Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Lamis Shaban
- Enzymology and Fungal Biotechnology Lab, Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt.
| | - Samia Safan
- Enzymology and Fungal Biotechnology Lab, Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Ashraf S A El-Sayed
- Enzymology and Fungal Biotechnology Lab, Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt.
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Xue M, Hou X, Fu J, Zhang J, Wang J, Zhao Z, Xu D, Lai D, Zhou L. Recent Advances in Search of Bioactive Secondary Metabolites from Fungi Triggered by Chemical Epigenetic Modifiers. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:jof9020172. [PMID: 36836287 PMCID: PMC9961798 DOI: 10.3390/jof9020172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Genomic analysis has demonstrated that many fungi possess essential gene clusters for the production of previously unobserved secondary metabolites; however, these genes are normally reduced or silenced under most conditions. These cryptic biosynthetic gene clusters have become treasures of new bioactive secondary metabolites. The induction of these biosynthetic gene clusters under stress or special conditions can improve the titers of known compounds or the production of novel compounds. Among the inducing strategies, chemical-epigenetic regulation is considered a powerful approach, and it uses small-molecule epigenetic modifiers, which mainly act as the inhibitors of DNA methyltransferase, histone deacetylase, and histone acetyltransferase, to promote changes in the structure of DNA, histones, and proteasomes and to further activate cryptic biosynthetic gene clusters for the production of a wide variety of bioactive secondary metabolites. These epigenetic modifiers mainly include 5-azacytidine, suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid, suberoyl bishydroxamic acid, sodium butyrate, and nicotinamide. This review gives an overview on the method of chemical epigenetic modifiers to trigger silent or low-expressed biosynthetic pathways to yield bioactive natural products through external cues of fungi, mainly based on the research progress in the period from 2007 to 2022. The production of about 540 fungal secondary metabolites was found to be induced or enhanced by chemical epigenetic modifiers. Some of them exhibited significant biological activities such as cytotoxic, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activity.
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Nomura T, Yoneda A, Kato Y. BAHD acyltransferase induced by histone deacetylase inhibitor catalyzes 3-O-hydroxycinnamoylquinic acid formation in bamboo cells. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 112:1266-1280. [PMID: 36305861 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Suspension-cultured cells of a bamboo species (Bambusa multiplex; Bm) produce 3-O-feruloylquinic acid (3-FQA) and 3-O-p-coumaroylquinic acid (3-pCQA) by treatment with the histone deacetylase inhibitor suberoyl bis-hydroxamic acid (SBHA). Acyltransferases catalyzing the formation of 5-O-hydroxycinnamoylquinic acid esters by transesterification from hydroxycinnamoyl-CoAs to the C-5 hydroxy group of quinic acid (hydroxycinnamoyl-CoA:quinate hydroxycinnamoyltransferase, HQT) have been identified in the biosynthesis of chlorogenic acids and monolignols; however, an HQT that catalyzes the acylation of the C-3 hydroxy group of quinic acid has not been identified previously. In the present study, we purified a native HQT from SBHA-treated Bm cells. The purified enzyme preferentially accepted feruloyl-/p-coumaroyl-CoAs as acyl-donors and quinic acid as the acyl-acceptor, and the enzyme specifically formed 3-FQA and 3-pCQA but not 5-O-hydroxycinnamoylquinic acid esters or esters with shikimic acid. A cDNA (BmHQT1) encoding this HQT was isolated. Although BmHQT1 is a phylogenetically unique member of the BAHD acyltransferase superfamily that does not cluster with other HQTs, functional characterization of the recombinant enzyme verified that BmHQT1 catalyzes the regiospecific formation of 3-O-hydroxycinnamoylquinic acid esters. Transcript levels of BmHQT1 markedly increased in Bm cells cultured in the presence of SBHA. Moreover, elevated acetylation levels of histone H3 were observed in the coding region of BmHQT1 in the presence of SBHA, indicating that the induced accumulation of 3-FQA/3-pCQA by SBHA is caused by transcriptional activation of BmHQT1 by the action of SBHA as a histone deacetylase inhibitor. The results demonstrate the utility of HDAC inhibitors for discovery of cryptic secondary metabolites and unknown biosynthetic enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taiji Nomura
- Biotechnology Research Center and Department of Biotechnology, Toyama Prefectural University, 5180 Kurokawa, Imizu, Toyama, 939-0398, Japan
| | - Akari Yoneda
- Biotechnology Research Center and Department of Biotechnology, Toyama Prefectural University, 5180 Kurokawa, Imizu, Toyama, 939-0398, Japan
| | - Yasuo Kato
- Biotechnology Research Center and Department of Biotechnology, Toyama Prefectural University, 5180 Kurokawa, Imizu, Toyama, 939-0398, Japan
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Pinedo-Rivilla C, Aleu J, Durán-Patrón R. Cryptic Metabolites from Marine-Derived Microorganisms Using OSMAC and Epigenetic Approaches. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:84. [PMID: 35200614 PMCID: PMC8879561 DOI: 10.3390/md20020084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Marine microorganisms have proven to be a source of new natural products with a wide spectrum of biological activities relevant in different industrial sectors. The ever-increasing number of sequenced microbial genomes has highlighted a discrepancy between the number of gene clusters potentially encoding the production of natural products and the actual number of chemically characterized metabolites for a given microorganism. Homologous and heterologous expression of these biosynthetic genes, which are often silent under experimental laboratory culture conditions, may lead to the discovery of new cryptic natural products of medical and biotechnological interest. Several new genetic and cultivation-based strategies have been developed to meet this challenge. The OSMAC approach (one strain-many compounds), based on modification of growth conditions, has proven to be a powerful strategy for the discovery of new cryptic natural products. As a direct extension of this approach, the addition of chemical elicitors or epigenetic modifiers have also been used to activate silent genes. This review looks at the structures and biological activities of new cryptic metabolites from marine-derived microorganisms obtained using the OSMAC approach, the addition of chemical elicitors, and enzymatic inhibitors and epigenetic modifiers. It covers works published up to June 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Pinedo-Rivilla
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Cádiz, Puerto Real, 11510 Cádiz, Spain;
- Instituto de Investigación en Biomoléculas (INBIO), Universidad de Cádiz, Puerto Real, 11510 Cádiz, Spain
| | - Josefina Aleu
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Cádiz, Puerto Real, 11510 Cádiz, Spain;
- Instituto de Investigación Vitivinícola y Agroalimentaria (IVAGRO), Universidad de Cádiz, Puerto Real, 11510 Cádiz, Spain
| | - Rosa Durán-Patrón
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Cádiz, Puerto Real, 11510 Cádiz, Spain;
- Instituto de Investigación Vitivinícola y Agroalimentaria (IVAGRO), Universidad de Cádiz, Puerto Real, 11510 Cádiz, Spain
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7
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Activation of Cryptic Secondary Metabolite Biosynthesis in Bamboo Suspension Cells by a Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2021; 193:3496-3511. [PMID: 34287751 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-021-03629-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Plants have evolved a diverse array of secondary metabolite biosynthetic pathways. Undifferentiated plant cells, however, tend to biosynthesize secondary metabolites to a lesser extent and sometimes not at all. This phenomenon in cultured cells is associated with the transcriptional suppression of biosynthetic genes due to epigenetic alterations, such as low histone acetylation levels and/or high DNA methylation levels. Here, using cultured cells of bamboo (Bambusa multiplex; Bm) as a model system, we investigated the effect of histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors on the activation of cryptic secondary metabolite biosynthesis. The Bm suspension cells cultured in the presence of an HDAC inhibitor, suberoyl bis-hydroxamic acid (SBHA), exhibited strong biosynthesis of some compounds that are inherently present at very low levels in Bm cells. Two major compounds induced by SBHA were isolated and were identified as 3-O-p-coumaroylquinic acid (1) and 3-O-feruloylquinic acid (2). Their productivities depended on the type of basal culture medium, initial cell density, and culture period, as well as the SBHA concentration. The biosynthesis of these two compounds was also induced by another HDAC inhibitor, trichostatin A. These results demonstrate the usefulness of HDAC inhibitors to activate cryptic secondary metabolite biosynthesis in cultured plant cells.
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8
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Inducing new bioactive metabolites production from coculture of Pestalotiopsis sp. and Penicillium bialowiezense. Bioorg Chem 2021; 110:104826. [PMID: 33780746 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.104826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Coculturing two or more fungi is a useful strategy to awaken the silent genes to produce structurally diverse and bioactive natural products. Through the coculture of Pestalotiopsis sp. and Penicillium bialowiezense, six new isoprenylated chromane derivatives, including two pairs of enantiomeric ones (1a/1b-2a/2b) and two optical pure ones (3-4), two new isoprenylated phenol glucoside derivatives (6-7), as well as eight known structural analogues (5 and 8-14), were obtained. The structures of these new compounds were characterized by NMR spectroscopy, single-crystal X-ray crystallography, and ECD calculation. The Δ10,11 double bond of pestaloficin D (5) was revised to E-configurated based on the extensive spectroscopic analyses. Compounds 1a/1b and 2a/2b were the first examples of enantiomeric isoprenylated chromane derivatives, which were successfully separated by chiral HPLC. Additionally, all the isolated compounds were evaluated for the in vitro β-glucuronidase (GUS) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) inhibitory activities. Compounds 1a and 1b showed significant β-glucuronidase inhibitory potency with IC50 values of 7.6 and 10.3 μM, respectively. Compound 14 exhibited moderate BChE inhibitory activity with an IC50 value of 21.3 μM. In addition, the structure-enzyme inhibitory activity relationship of compounds 1-14 is discussed.
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9
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Multifarious Elicitors: Invoking Biosynthesis of Various Bioactive Secondary Metabolite in Fungi. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2020; 193:668-686. [PMID: 33135129 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-020-03423-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Natural products are considered to be the lifeline treatment for several diseases where their structural complexity makes them a source of potential lead molecules. As a producer of antibiotics, food colorants, enzymes, and nutritious food, fungi are beneficial to humans. Fungi, as a source of novel natural products, draw attention of scientists. However, redundant isolation of metabolite retards the rate of discovery. So, apart from the standard conditions for the production of secondary metabolites, certain induction strategies are used to trigger biosynthetic genes in fungi. Advancement in the computational tools helps in connecting gene clusters and their metabolite production. Therefore, modern analytical tools and the genomic era in hand leads to the identification of manifold of cryptic metabolites. The cryptic biosynthetic gene cluster (BGC) has become a treasure hunt for new metabolites representing biosynthetic pathways, regulatory mechanisms, and other factors. This review includes the use of chemical inducers/epigenetic modifiers and co-culture (species interaction) techniques to induce these BGCs. Furthermore, it cites a detailed representation of molecules isolated using these strategies. Since the induction occurs on the genomic molecular DNA and histones, this together brings a significant exploration of the biosynthetic pathways.Graphical Abstract.
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de Amorim MR, Wijeratne EMK, Zhou S, Arnold AE, Batista ANL, Batista JM, Dos Santos LC, Gunatilaka AAL. An epigenetic modifier induces production of 3-(4-oxopyrano)-chromen-2-ones in Aspergillus sp. AST0006, an endophytic fungus of Astragalus lentiginosus. Tetrahedron 2020; 76:131525. [PMID: 33716326 PMCID: PMC7945046 DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2020.131525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Incorporation of the epigenetic modifier suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA) into a potato dextrose broth culture of the endophytic fungus Aspergillus sp. AST0006 affected its polyketide biosynthetic pathway providing two new 3-(4-oxopyrano)-chromen-2-ones, aspyranochromenones A (1) and B (2), and the isocoumarin, (-)-6,7-dihydroxymellein (3). Eight additional metabolites (4-11) and two biotransformation products of SAHA (12-13) were also encountered. The planar structures and relative configurations of the new metabolites 1-2 were elucidated with the help of high-resolution mass, 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic data and the absolute configurations of 1-3 were determined by comparison of experimental and calculated ECD data. Possible biosynthetic pathways to 1 and 2 are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo R de Amorim
- Southwest Center for Natural Products Research, School of Natural Resources and the Environment, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona, 250 E. Valencia Road, Tucson, Arizona 85706, United States
- Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo State University, Araraquara, São Paulo 14800-900, Brazil
| | - E M Kithsiri Wijeratne
- Southwest Center for Natural Products Research, School of Natural Resources and the Environment, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona, 250 E. Valencia Road, Tucson, Arizona 85706, United States
| | - Shengliang Zhou
- Southwest Center for Natural Products Research, School of Natural Resources and the Environment, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona, 250 E. Valencia Road, Tucson, Arizona 85706, United States
- The Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Normal University, 101 Shanghai Rd, Xuzhou 221116, P. R. China
| | - A Elizabeth Arnold
- School of Plant Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Andrea N L Batista
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Chemistry Institute, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, RJ 24020-141, Brazil
| | - João M Batista
- Institute of Science and Technology, Federal University of São Paulo, São José dos Campos, São Paulo 12231-280, Brazil
| | - Lourdes C Dos Santos
- Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo State University, Araraquara, São Paulo 14800-900, Brazil
| | - A A Leslie Gunatilaka
- Southwest Center for Natural Products Research, School of Natural Resources and the Environment, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona, 250 E. Valencia Road, Tucson, Arizona 85706, United States
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11
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Zhang L, Fasoyin OE, Molnár I, Xu Y. Secondary metabolites from hypocrealean entomopathogenic fungi: novel bioactive compounds. Nat Prod Rep 2020; 37:1181-1206. [PMID: 32211639 PMCID: PMC7529686 DOI: 10.1039/c9np00065h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Covering: 2014 up to the third quarter of 2019 Entomopathogens constitute a unique, specialized trophic subgroup of fungi, most of whose members belong to the order Hypocreales (class Sordariomycetes, phylum Ascomycota). These Hypocrealean Entomopathogenic Fungi (HEF) produce a large variety of secondary metabolites (SMs) and their genomes rank highly for the number of predicted, unique SM biosynthetic gene clusters. SMs from HEF have diverse roles in insect pathogenicity as virulence factors by modulating various interactions between the producer fungus and its insect host. In addition, these SMs also defend the carcass of the prey against opportunistic microbial invaders, mediate intra- and interspecies communication, and mitigate abiotic and biotic stresses. Thus, these SMs contribute to the role of HEF as commercial biopesticides in the context of integrated pest management systems, and provide lead compounds for the development of chemical pesticides for crop protection. These bioactive SMs also underpin the widespread use of certain HEF as nutraceuticals and traditional remedies, and allowed the modern pharmaceutical industry to repurpose some of these molecules as life-saving human medications. Herein, we survey the structures and biological activities of SMs described from HEF, and summarize new information on the roles of these metabolites in fungal virulence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwen Zhang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing 100081, P.R. China.
| | - Opemipo Esther Fasoyin
- Biotechnology Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing 100081, P.R. China.
| | - István Molnár
- Southwest Center for Natural Products Research, University of Arizona, 250 E. Valencia Rd., Tucson, AZ 85706, USA.
| | - Yuquan Xu
- Biotechnology Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing 100081, P.R. China.
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12
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Toghueo RMK, Sahal D, Boyom FF. Recent advances in inducing endophytic fungal specialized metabolites using small molecule elicitors including epigenetic modifiers. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2020; 174:112338. [PMID: 32179305 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2020.112338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Today when the quest of new lead molecules to supply the development pipeline is driving the course of drug discovery, endophytic fungi with their outstanding biosynthetic potential seem to be highly promising avenues for natural product scientists. However, challenges such as the production of inadequate quantities of compounds, the attenuation or loss of ability of endophytes to produce the compound of interest when grown in culture and the inability of fungal endophytes to express their full biosynthetic potential in laboratory conditions have been the major constraints. These have led to the application of small chemical elicitors that induce epigenetic changes in fungi to activate their silent gene clusters optimizing the amount of metabolites of interest or inducing the synthesis of hitherto undescribed compounds. In this respect small molecular weight compounds which are known to function as inhibitors of histone deacetylase (HDAC), DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) and proteasome have proven their efficacy in enhancing or inducing the production of specialized metabolites by fungi. Moreover, organic solvents, metals and plants extracts are also acknowledged for their ability to cause shifts in fungal metabolism. We highlight the successful studies from the past two decades reporting the ability of structurally diverse small molecular weight compounds to elicit the production of previously undescribed metabolites from endophytic fungi grown in culture. This mini review argues in favor of chemical elicitation as an effective strategy to optimize the production of fungal metabolites and invigorate the pipeline of drug discovery with new chemical entities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rufin Marie Kouipou Toghueo
- Antimicrobial and Biocontrol Agents Unit (AmBcAU), Laboratory for Phytobiochemistry and Medicinal Plants Studies, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon.
| | - Dinkar Sahal
- Malaria Drug Discovery Laboratory, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India.
| | - Fabrice Fekam Boyom
- Antimicrobial and Biocontrol Agents Unit (AmBcAU), Laboratory for Phytobiochemistry and Medicinal Plants Studies, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon.
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13
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Wu JS, Shi XH, Zhang YH, Yu JY, Fu XM, Li X, Chen KX, Guo YW, Shao CL, Wang CY. Co-cultivation With 5-Azacytidine Induced New Metabolites From the Zoanthid-Derived Fungus Cochliobolus lunatus. Front Chem 2019; 7:763. [PMID: 31781545 PMCID: PMC6857680 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2019.00763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The zoanthid-derived fungus Cochliobolus lunatus (TA26-46) has been proven to be a source of bioactive 14-membered resorcylic acid lactones (RALs). In the present study, chemical epigenetic manipulation was applied to this fungal strain with a DNA methyltransferase inhibitor resulting in the significant changes of the secondary metabolites. Cultivation of C. lunatus (TA26-46) with 10 μM 5-azacytidine in Czapek-Dox liquid medium led to the isolation of new types of metabolites, including two α-pyrones, cochliobopyrones A (1) and B (2), along with three isocoumarins (3–5) and one chromone (6). The planar structures of the new compounds (1–2) were elucidated by comprehensive analyses of NMR and HRESIMS data. Their challenging relative configurations were established by a combination of acetonide reaction, coupling constants and NOESY correlations analysis, and DP4+ probability calculation. Their absolute configurations were determined by comparing with the ECD calculation data of the fragment molecules, 6-(1,2-dihydroxypropyl)-4-methoxy-2H-pyran-2-ones. It is the first time to obtain α-pyrone compounds with the epoxy ring or bromine atom on the seven-numbered side chain. It could be concluded that chemical epigenetic agents could induce C. lunatus to produce new types of secondary metabolites differing from its original products (RALs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Shuai Wu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, The Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiao-Hui Shi
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, The Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Ya-Hui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, The Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Jia-Yin Yu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, The Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiu-Mei Fu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, The Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Xin Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, The Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Kai-Xian Chen
- Open Studio for Druggability Research of Marine Natural Products, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, China
| | - Yue-Wei Guo
- Open Studio for Druggability Research of Marine Natural Products, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, China
| | - Chang-Lun Shao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, The Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Chang-Yun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, The Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.,Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
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14
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Collemare J, Seidl MF. Chromatin-dependent regulation of secondary metabolite biosynthesis in fungi: is the picture complete? FEMS Microbiol Rev 2019; 43:591-607. [PMID: 31301226 PMCID: PMC8038932 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuz018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Fungal secondary metabolites are small molecules that exhibit diverse biological activities exploited in medicine, industry and agriculture. Their biosynthesis is governed by co-expressed genes that often co-localize in gene clusters. Most of these secondary metabolite gene clusters are inactive under laboratory conditions, which is due to a tight transcriptional regulation. Modifications of chromatin, the complex of DNA and histone proteins influencing DNA accessibility, play an important role in this regulation. However, tinkering with well-characterised chemical and genetic modifications that affect chromatin alters the expression of only few biosynthetic gene clusters, and thus the regulation of the vast majority of biosynthetic pathways remains enigmatic. In the past, attempts to activate silent gene clusters in fungi mainly focused on histone acetylation and methylation, while in other eukaryotes many other post-translational modifications are involved in transcription regulation. Thus, how chromatin regulates the expression of gene clusters remains a largely unexplored research field. In this review, we argue that focusing on only few well-characterised chromatin modifications is significantly hampering our understanding of the chromatin-based regulation of biosynthetic gene clusters. Research on underexplored chromatin modifications and on the interplay between different modifications is timely to fully explore the largely untapped reservoir of fungal secondary metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael F Seidl
- Corresponding author: Theoretical Biology and Bioinformatics, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, the Netherlands. E-mail: ; Present address: Theoretical Biology and Bioinformatics, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, the Netherlands
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15
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Triastuti A, Vansteelandt M, Barakat F, Trinel M, Jargeat P, Fabre N, Amasifuen Guerra CA, Mejia K, Valentin A, Haddad M. How Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors Alter the Secondary Metabolites of Botryosphaeria mamane, an Endophytic Fungus Isolated from Bixa orellana. Chem Biodivers 2019; 16:e1800485. [PMID: 30636097 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201800485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Fungi are talented organisms able to produce several natural products with a wide range of structural and pharmacological activities. The conventional fungal cultivation used in laboratories is too poor to mimic the natural habitats of fungi, and this can partially explain why most of the genes responsible for the production of metabolites are transcriptionally silenced. The use of Histone Deacetylase inhibitors (HDACis) to perturb fungal secondary biosynthetic machinery has proven to be an effective approach for discovering new fungal natural products. The present study relates the effects of suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA) and sodium valproate (VS) on the metabolome of Botryosphaeria mamane, an endophytic fungus isolated from Bixa orellana L. UHPLC/HR-MS analysis, integrated with four metabolomics tools: MS-DIAL, MS-FINDER, MetaboAnalyst and GNPS molecular networking, was established. This study highlighted that SAHA and VS changed metabolites in B. mamane, causing upregulation and downregulation of metabolites production. In addition, twelve compounds were detected in the extracts as metabolites structurally correlated to SAHA, indicating its important reactivity in the medium or its metabolism by the fungus. An addition of SAHA induced the production of eight metabolites while VS induced only two metabolites undetected in the control strain. This result illustrates the importance of adding HDACis to a fungal culture in order to induce metabolite production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asih Triastuti
- UMR 152 Pharma Dev, Université de Toulouse, IRD, UPS, 31400, Toulouse, France.,Laboratory Pharmaceutical Biology, Department of Pharmacy, UII, Yogyakarta, 55584, Indonesia
| | | | - Fatima Barakat
- UMR 152 Pharma Dev, Université de Toulouse, IRD, UPS, 31400, Toulouse, France
| | - Manon Trinel
- UMR 152 Pharma Dev, Université de Toulouse, IRD, UPS, 31400, Toulouse, France
| | - Patricia Jargeat
- Laboratoire Evolution et Diversité Biologique UMR 5174, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, IRD, UPS, 31062, Toulouse, France
| | - Nicolas Fabre
- UMR 152 Pharma Dev, Université de Toulouse, IRD, UPS, 31400, Toulouse, France
| | - Carlos A Amasifuen Guerra
- Escuela de Ingeniería Ambiental, Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Ambiental (FICIAM), Universidad Nacional Toribio Rodríguez de Mendoza de Amazonas (UNTRM), Chachapoyas, Peru
| | - Kember Mejia
- Instituto de Investigaciones de la Amazonía Peruana, Avenida Abelardo Quiñonez Km. 4.5, Iquitos, Peru
| | - Alexis Valentin
- UMR 152 Pharma Dev, Université de Toulouse, IRD, UPS, 31400, Toulouse, France
| | - Mohamed Haddad
- UMR 152 Pharma Dev, Université de Toulouse, IRD, UPS, 31400, Toulouse, France
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16
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Pan R, Bai X, Chen J, Zhang H, Wang H. Exploring Structural Diversity of Microbe Secondary Metabolites Using OSMAC Strategy: A Literature Review. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:294. [PMID: 30863377 PMCID: PMC6399155 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial secondary metabolites (MSMs) have played and continue to play a highly significant role in the drug discovery and development process. Genetically, MSM chemical structures are biologically synthesized by microbial gene clusters. Recently, however, the speed of new bioactive MSM discovery has been slowing down due to consistent employment of conventional cultivation and isolation procedure. In order to alleviate this challenge, a number of new approaches have been developed. The strategy of one strain many compounds (OSMAC) has been shown as a simple and powerful tool that can activate many silent biogenetic gene clusters in microorganisms to make more natural products. This review highlights important and successful examples using OSMAC approaches, which covers changing medium composition and cultivation status, co-cultivation with other strain(s), adding enzyme inhibitor(s) and MSM biosynthetic precursor(s). Available evidences had shown that variation of cultivation condition is the most effective way to produce more MSMs and facilitate the discovery of new therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Pan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xuelian Bai
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianwei Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huawei Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hong Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
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17
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Pfannenstiel BT, Keller NP. On top of biosynthetic gene clusters: How epigenetic machinery influences secondary metabolism in fungi. Biotechnol Adv 2019; 37:107345. [PMID: 30738111 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2019.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Fungi produce an abundance of bioactive secondary metabolites which can be utilized as antibiotics and pharmaceutical drugs. The genes encoding secondary metabolites are contiguously arranged in biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs), which supports co-regulation of all genes required for any one metabolite. However, an ongoing challenge to harvest this fungal wealth is the finding that many of the BGCs are 'silent' in laboratory settings and lie in heterochromatic regions of the genome. Successful approaches allowing access to these regions - in essence converting the heterochromatin covering BGCs to euchromatin - include use of epigenetic stimulants and genetic manipulation of histone modifying proteins. This review provides a comprehensive look at the chromatin remodeling proteins which have been shown to regulate secondary metabolism, the use of chemical inhibitors used to induce BGCs, and provides future perspectives on expansion of epigenetic tools and concepts to mine the fungal metabolome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon T Pfannenstiel
- Department of Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, United States
| | - Nancy P Keller
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, United States; Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, United States.
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18
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Guo DL, Qiu L, Feng D, He X, Li XH, Cao ZX, Gu YC, Mei L, Deng F, Deng Y. Three new ɑ-pyrone derivatives induced by chemical epigenetic manipulation of Penicillium herquei, an endophytic fungus isolated from Cordyceps sinensis. Nat Prod Res 2019; 34:958-964. [DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2018.1544974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Da-Le Guo
- The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, State Key Laboratory, Breeding Base of Systematic Research Development and Utilization of Chinese Medicine Resources, School of pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, P R China
| | - Ling Qiu
- The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, State Key Laboratory, Breeding Base of Systematic Research Development and Utilization of Chinese Medicine Resources, School of pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, P R China
| | - Dan Feng
- The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, State Key Laboratory, Breeding Base of Systematic Research Development and Utilization of Chinese Medicine Resources, School of pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, P R China
| | - Xin He
- The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, State Key Laboratory, Breeding Base of Systematic Research Development and Utilization of Chinese Medicine Resources, School of pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, P R China
| | - Xiao-Hua Li
- The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, State Key Laboratory, Breeding Base of Systematic Research Development and Utilization of Chinese Medicine Resources, School of pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, P R China
| | - Zhi-Xing Cao
- The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, State Key Laboratory, Breeding Base of Systematic Research Development and Utilization of Chinese Medicine Resources, School of pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, P R China
| | - Yu-Cheng Gu
- Syngenta Jealott’s Hill International Research Centre, Berkshire, UK
| | - Ling Mei
- Chengdu Fifth People’s Hospital, Chengdu, P R China
| | - Fang Deng
- The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, State Key Laboratory, Breeding Base of Systematic Research Development and Utilization of Chinese Medicine Resources, School of pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, P R China
| | - Yun Deng
- The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, State Key Laboratory, Breeding Base of Systematic Research Development and Utilization of Chinese Medicine Resources, School of pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, P R China
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19
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Mafezoli J, Xu YM, Hilário F, Freidhof B, Espinosa-Artiles P, dos Santos LC, de Oliveira MCF, Gunatilaka AAL. Modulation of polyketide biosynthetic pathway of the endophytic fungus, Anteaglonium sp. FL0768, by copper (II) and anacardic acid. PHYTOCHEMISTRY LETTERS 2018; 28:157-163. [PMID: 31354886 PMCID: PMC6660184 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytol.2018.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In an attempt to explore the biosynthetic potential of endosymbiotic fungi, the secondary metabolite profiles of the endophytic fungus, Anteaglonium sp. FL0768, cultured under a variety of conditions were investigated. In potato dextrose broth (PDB) medium, Anteaglonium sp. FL0768 produced the heptaketides, herbaridine A (1), herbarin (2), 1-hydroxydehydroherbarin (3), scorpinone (4), and the methylated hexaketide 9S,11R-(+)-ascosalitoxin (5). Incorporation of commonly used epigenetic modifiers, 5-azacytidine and suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid, into the PDB culture medium of this fungus had no effect on its secondary metabolite profile. However, the histone acetyl transferase inhibitor, anacardic acid, slightly affected the metabolite profile affording scorpinone (4) as the major metabolite together with 1-hydroxydehydroherbarin (3) and a different methylated hexaketide, ascochitine (6). Intriguingly, incorporaion of Cu2+ into the PDB medium enhanced production of metabolites and drastically affected the biosynthetic pathway resulting in the production of pentaketide dimers, palmarumycin CE4 (7), palmarumycin CP4 (8), and palmarumycin CP1 (9), in addition to ascochitine (6). The structure of the new metabolite 7 was established with the help of spectroscopic data and by MnO2 oxidation to the known pentaketide dimer, palmarumycin CP3 (10). Biosynthetic pathways to some metabolites in Anteaglonium sp. FL0768 are presented and possible effects of AA and Cu2+ on these pathways are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jair Mafezoli
- Southwest Center for Natural Products Research, School of Natural Resources and the Environment, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Arizona, 250 E. Valencia Road, Tucson, Arizona 85706, USA
- Departamento de Química Orgânica e Inorgânica, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici, Caixa Postal 6044, Fortaleza-CE, 60455-970, Brazil
| | - Ya-ming Xu
- Southwest Center for Natural Products Research, School of Natural Resources and the Environment, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Arizona, 250 E. Valencia Road, Tucson, Arizona 85706, USA
| | - Felipe Hilário
- Southwest Center for Natural Products Research, School of Natural Resources and the Environment, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Arizona, 250 E. Valencia Road, Tucson, Arizona 85706, USA
- Departamento de Química Orgânica, Instituto de Química, UNESP, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, Sao Paulo, 14800-900, Brazil
| | - Brandon Freidhof
- Southwest Center for Natural Products Research, School of Natural Resources and the Environment, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Arizona, 250 E. Valencia Road, Tucson, Arizona 85706, USA
| | - Patricia Espinosa-Artiles
- Southwest Center for Natural Products Research, School of Natural Resources and the Environment, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Arizona, 250 E. Valencia Road, Tucson, Arizona 85706, USA
| | - Lourdes C. dos Santos
- Departamento de Química Orgânica, Instituto de Química, UNESP, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, Sao Paulo, 14800-900, Brazil
| | - Maria C. F. de Oliveira
- Southwest Center for Natural Products Research, School of Natural Resources and the Environment, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Arizona, 250 E. Valencia Road, Tucson, Arizona 85706, USA
- Departamento de Química Orgânica e Inorgânica, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici, Caixa Postal 6044, Fortaleza-CE, 60455-970, Brazil
| | - A. A. Leslie Gunatilaka
- Southwest Center for Natural Products Research, School of Natural Resources and the Environment, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Arizona, 250 E. Valencia Road, Tucson, Arizona 85706, USA
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20
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Grau MF, Entwistle R, Chiang YM, Ahuja M, Oakley CE, Akashi T, Wang CCC, Todd RB, Oakley BR. Hybrid Transcription Factor Engineering Activates the Silent Secondary Metabolite Gene Cluster for (+)-Asperlin in Aspergillus nidulans. ACS Chem Biol 2018; 13:3193-3205. [PMID: 30339758 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.8b00679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Fungi are a major source of valuable bioactive secondary metabolites (SMs). These compounds are synthesized by enzymes encoded by genes that are clustered in the genome. The vast majority of SM biosynthetic gene clusters are not expressed under normal growth conditions, and their products are unknown. Developing methods for activation of these silent gene clusters offers the potential for discovering many valuable new fungal SMs. While a number of useful approaches have been developed, they each have limitations, and additional tools are needed. One approach, upregulation of SM gene cluster-specific transcription factors that are associated with many SM gene clusters, has worked extremely well in some cases, but it has failed more often than it has succeeded. Taking advantage of transcription factor domain modularity, we developed a new approach. We fused the DNA-binding domain of a transcription factor associated with a silent SM gene cluster with the activation domain of a robust SM transcription factor, AfoA. Expression of this hybrid transcription factor activated transcription of the genes in the target cluster and production of the antibiotic (+)-asperlin. Deletion of cluster genes confirmed that the cluster is responsible for (+)-asperlin production, and we designate it the aln cluster. Separately, coinduction of expression of two aln cluster genes revealed the pathway intermediate (2 Z,4 Z,6 E)-octa-2,4,6-trienoic acid, a compound with photoprotectant properties. Our findings demonstrate the potential of our novel synthetic hybrid transcription factor strategy to discover the products of other silent fungal SM gene clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle F. Grau
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Ruth Entwistle
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
| | - Yi-Ming Chiang
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
- Department of Pharmacy, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan City 71710, Taiwan
| | - Manmeet Ahuja
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
| | - C. Elizabeth Oakley
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
| | - Tomohiro Akashi
- Division of OMICS Analysis, Center for Neurological Diseases and Cancer, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Clay C. C. Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Dornsife College of Letters, Arts, and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Richard B. Todd
- Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, 4024 Throckmorton Plant Sciences Center, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, United States
| | - Berl R. Oakley
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
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21
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Zhang Z, He X, Wu G, Liu C, Lu C, Gu Q, Che Q, Zhu T, Zhang G, Li D. Aniline-Tetramic Acids from the Deep-Sea-Derived Fungus Cladosporium sphaerospermum L3P3 Cultured with the HDAC Inhibitor SAHA. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2018; 81:1651-1657. [PMID: 29985604 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.8b00289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Four new tetramic acids, cladosins H-K (1-4), and a related known compound, cladodionen (5), were isolated from the culture of the Mariana Trench (depth 6562 m) sediment-derived fungus Cladosporium sphaerospermum L3P3 treated with the histone deacetylase inhibitor SAHA (suberanilohydroxamic acid). Interestingly, compounds 1-5 existed as equilibrium E/ Z mixtures and 1-4 were the first cases of tetramic acids containing aniline moieties. Their structures including absolute configurations were elucidated through a combination of NMR, MS, and Mosher's method, together with the consideration of biogenetic origins. Incubation experiments of exogenous aniline and N-phenyloctanamide revealed that the aniline moiety in cladosins H-K (1-4) is probably derived from the degradation of SAHA, indicating that the well-known histone deacetylase inhibitor SAHA could be metabolized by L3P3 and provide aniline as a precursor for biotransformation of chemically reactive polyketides. The cytotoxicity of 1-5 was evaluated against the PC-3, MGC-803, SH-SY5Y, HCT-116, K562, and HL-60 cell lines, and compound 2 showed promising cytotoxicity against the HL-60 cell line with an IC50 value of 2.8 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy , Ocean University of China , Qingdao 266003 , People's Republic of China
| | - Xueqian He
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy , Ocean University of China , Qingdao 266003 , People's Republic of China
| | - Guangwei Wu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy , Ocean University of China , Qingdao 266003 , People's Republic of China
| | - Congcong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy , Ocean University of China , Qingdao 266003 , People's Republic of China
| | - Changjun Lu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy , Ocean University of China , Qingdao 266003 , People's Republic of China
| | - Qianqun Gu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy , Ocean University of China , Qingdao 266003 , People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Che
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy , Ocean University of China , Qingdao 266003 , People's Republic of China
| | - Tianjiao Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy , Ocean University of China , Qingdao 266003 , People's Republic of China
| | - Guojian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy , Ocean University of China , Qingdao 266003 , People's Republic of China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology , Qingdao 266237 , People's Republic of China
| | - Dehai Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy , Ocean University of China , Qingdao 266003 , People's Republic of China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology , Qingdao 266237 , People's Republic of China
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22
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Extending the "One Strain Many Compounds" (OSMAC) Principle to Marine Microorganisms. Mar Drugs 2018; 16:md16070244. [PMID: 30041461 PMCID: PMC6070831 DOI: 10.3390/md16070244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Revised: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Genomic data often highlights an inconsistency between the number of gene clusters identified using bioinformatic approaches as potentially producing secondary metabolites and the actual number of chemically characterized secondary metabolites produced by any given microorganism. Such gene clusters are generally considered as “silent”, meaning that they are not expressed under laboratory conditions. Triggering expression of these “silent” clusters could result in unlocking the chemical diversity they control, allowing the discovery of novel molecules of both medical and biotechnological interest. Therefore, both genetic and cultivation-based techniques have been developed aimed at stimulating expression of these “silent” genes. The principles behind the cultivation based approaches have been conceptualized in the “one strain many compounds” (OSMAC) framework, which underlines how a single strain can produce different molecules when grown under different environmental conditions. Parameters such as, nutrient content, temperature, and rate of aeration can be easily changed, altering the global physiology of a microbial strain and in turn significantly affecting its secondary metabolism. As a direct extension of such approaches, co-cultivation strategies and the addition of chemical elicitors have also been used as cues to activate “silent” clusters. In this review, we aim to provide a focused and comprehensive overview of these strategies as they pertain to marine microbes. Moreover, we underline how changes in some parameters which have provided important results in terrestrial microbes, but which have rarely been considered in marine microorganisms, may represent additional strategies to awaken “silent” gene clusters in marine microbes. Unfortunately, the empirical nature of the OSMAC approach forces scientists to perform extensive laboratory experiments. Nevertheless, we believe that some computation and experimental based techniques which are used in other disciplines, and which we discuss; could be effectively employed to help streamline the OSMAC based approaches. We believe that natural products discovery in marine microorganisms would be greatly aided through the integration of basic microbiological approaches, computational methods, and technological innovations, thereby helping unearth much of the as yet untapped potential of these microorganisms.
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23
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Fotso S, Graupner P, Xiong Q, Gilbert JR, Hahn D, Avila-Adame C, Davis G, Sumiyoshi K. Alveolarides: Antifungal Peptides from Microascus alveolaris Active against Phytopathogenic Fungi. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2018; 81:10-15. [PMID: 29283257 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.7b00337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Three novel cyclodepsipeptides, alveolarides A (1), B (2), and C (3), each possessing the rare 2,3-dihydroxy-4-methyltetradecanoic acid unit and a β-phenylalanine amino acid residue, along with the known peptide scopularide were isolated and identified from the culture broth of Microascus alveolaris strain PF1466. The pure compounds were evaluated for biological activity, and alveolaride A (1) provided strong in vitro activity against the plant pathogens Pyricularia oryzae, Zymoseptoria tritici, and Ustilago maydis. Moderate activity of alveolaride A was observed under in planta conditions against Z. tritici, Puccinia triticina, and Phakopsora pachyrhizi. Structures of 1, 2, and 3 were determined by detailed analysis of NMR (1D and 2D) and mass spectrometry data. The partial absolute configuration of alveolaride A (1) was established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serge Fotso
- Discovery Research, Dow AgroSciences , 9330 Zionsville Road, Indianapolis, Indiana 46268, United States
| | - Paul Graupner
- Discovery Research, Dow AgroSciences , 9330 Zionsville Road, Indianapolis, Indiana 46268, United States
| | - Quanbo Xiong
- Discovery Research, Dow AgroSciences , 9330 Zionsville Road, Indianapolis, Indiana 46268, United States
| | - Jeffrey R Gilbert
- Discovery Research, Dow AgroSciences , 9330 Zionsville Road, Indianapolis, Indiana 46268, United States
| | - Don Hahn
- Discovery Research, Dow AgroSciences , 9330 Zionsville Road, Indianapolis, Indiana 46268, United States
| | - Cruz Avila-Adame
- Discovery Research, Dow AgroSciences , 9330 Zionsville Road, Indianapolis, Indiana 46268, United States
| | - George Davis
- Discovery Research, Dow AgroSciences , 9330 Zionsville Road, Indianapolis, Indiana 46268, United States
| | - Kengo Sumiyoshi
- Bioscience Laboratories, Meiji Seika Pharma Co. Ltd. , 788 Kayama, Odawara-shi, Kanagawa 250-0852, Japan
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24
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Wang X, Gong X, Li P, Lai D, Zhou L. Structural Diversity and Biological Activities of Cyclic Depsipeptides from Fungi. Molecules 2018; 23:E169. [PMID: 29342967 PMCID: PMC6017592 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23010169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Revised: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclic depsipeptides (CDPs) are cyclopeptides in which amide groups are replaced by corresponding lactone bonds due to the presence of a hydroxylated carboxylic acid in the peptide structure. These peptides sometimes display additional chemical modifications, including unusual amino acid residues in their structures. This review highlights the occurrence, structures and biological activities of the fungal CDPs reported until October 2017. About 352 fungal CDPs belonging to the groups of cyclic tri-, tetra-, penta-, hexa-, hepta-, octa-, nona-, deca-, and tridecadepsipeptides have been isolated from fungi. These metabolites are mainly reported from the genera Acremonium, Alternaria, Aspergillus, Beauveria, Fusarium, Isaria, Metarhizium, Penicillium, and Rosellina. They are known to exhibit various biological activities such as cytotoxic, phytotoxic, antimicrobial, antiviral, anthelmintic, insecticidal, antimalarial, antitumoral and enzyme-inhibitory activities. Some CDPs (i.e., PF1022A, enniatins and destruxins) have been applied as pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohan Wang
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Xiao Gong
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Peng Li
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Daowan Lai
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Ligang Zhou
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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25
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Sun K, Zhu G, Hao J, Wang Y, Zhu W. Chemical-epigenetic method to enhance the chemodiversity of the marine algicolous fungus, Aspergillus terreus OUCMDZ-2739. Tetrahedron 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2017.11.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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26
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Adpressa DA, Stalheim KJ, Proteau PJ, Loesgen S. Unexpected Biotransformation of the HDAC Inhibitor Vorinostat Yields Aniline-Containing Fungal Metabolites. ACS Chem Biol 2017; 12:1842-1847. [PMID: 28530797 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.7b00268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The diversity of genetically encoded small molecules produced by filamentous fungi remains largely unexplored, which makes these fungi an attractive source for the discovery of new compounds. However, accessing their full chemical repertoire under common laboratory culture conditions is a challenge. Epigenetic manipulation of gene expression has become a well-established tool for overcoming this obstacle. Here, we report that perturbation of the endophytic ascomycete Chalara sp. 6661, producer of the isofusidienol class of antibiotics, with the HDAC inhibitor vorinostat resulted in the production of four new modified xanthones. The structures of chalanilines A (1) and B (2) and adenosine-coupled xanthones A (3) and B (4) were determined by extensive NMR spectroscopic analyses, and the bioactivities of 1-4 were tested in antibiotic and cytotoxicity assays. Incorporation studies with deuterium-labeled vorinostat indicate that the aniline moiety in chalalanine A is derived from vorinostat itself. Our study shows that Chalara sp. is able to metabolize the HDAC inhibitor vorinostat to release aniline. This is a rare report of fungal biotransformation of the popular epigenetic modifier vorinostat into aniline-containing polyketides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donovon A. Adpressa
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Science, and ‡ Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences,
College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
| | - Kayla J. Stalheim
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Science, and ‡ Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences,
College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
| | - Philip J. Proteau
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Science, and ‡ Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences,
College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
| | - Sandra Loesgen
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Science, and ‡ Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences,
College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
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27
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Gubiani JR, Wijeratne EMK, Shi T, Araujo AR, Arnold AE, Chapman E, Gunatilaka AAL. An epigenetic modifier induces production of (10'S)-verruculide B, an inhibitor of protein tyrosine phosphatases by Phoma sp. nov. LG0217, a fungal endophyte of Parkinsonia microphylla. Bioorg Med Chem 2017; 25:1860-1866. [PMID: 28202316 PMCID: PMC5362119 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2017.01.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Revised: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Incorporation of the histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor, suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA), to a culture broth of the endophytic fungus Phoma sp. nov. LG0217 isolated from Parkinsonia microphylla changed its metabolite profile and resulted in the production of (10'S)-verruculide B (1), vermistatin (2) and dihydrovermistatin (3). When cultured in the absence of the epigenetic modifier, it produced a new metabolite, (S,Z)-5-(3',4'-dihydroxybutyldiene)-3-propylfuran-2(5H)-one (4) together with nafuredin (5). The structure of 4 was elucidated by spectroscopic analyses and its absolute configuration was determined by application of the modified Mosher's ester method. The absolute structure of (10'S)-verruculide B was determined as 5-[(10'S,2'E,6'E)-10',11'-dihydroxy-3',7',11'-trimethyldodeca-2',6'-dien-1'-yl]-(3R)-6,8-dihydroxy-3-methylisochroman-1-one (1) with the help of CD and NOE data. Compound 1 inhibited the activity of protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) 1B (PTP1B), Src homology 2-containing PTP 1 (SHP1) and T-cell PTP (TCPTP) with IC50 values of 13.7±3.4, 8.8±0.6, and 16.6±3.8μM, respectively. Significance of these activities and observed modest selectivity of 1 for SHP1 over PTP1B and TCPTP is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana R Gubiani
- Natural Products Center, School of Natural Resources and the Environment, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona, 250 E. Valencia Road, Tucson, AZ 85706, United States; NuBBE - Núcleo de Bioensaios, Biossíntese e Ecofisiologia de Produtos Naturais, Departamento de Química Orgânica, Instituto de Química, UNESP, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, SP 14800-900, Brazil
| | - E M Kithsiri Wijeratne
- Natural Products Center, School of Natural Resources and the Environment, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona, 250 E. Valencia Road, Tucson, AZ 85706, United States
| | - Taoda Shi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, United States
| | - Angela R Araujo
- NuBBE - Núcleo de Bioensaios, Biossíntese e Ecofisiologia de Produtos Naturais, Departamento de Química Orgânica, Instituto de Química, UNESP, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, SP 14800-900, Brazil
| | - A Elizabeth Arnold
- School of Plant Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, United States
| | - Eli Chapman
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, United States
| | - A A Leslie Gunatilaka
- Natural Products Center, School of Natural Resources and the Environment, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona, 250 E. Valencia Road, Tucson, AZ 85706, United States.
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28
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Zhou H, Yang YB, Duan RT, Yang XQ, Zhang JC, Xie XG, Zhao LX, Ding ZT. Neopeapyran, an unusual furo[2,3b]pyran analogue and turnagainolide C from a soil Streptomyces sp. S2236. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2016.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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29
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Fisch KM, Schäberle TF. Toolbox for Antibiotics Discovery from Microorganisms. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2016; 349:683-91. [DOI: 10.1002/ardp.201600064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Revised: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 05/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katja M. Fisch
- Rheinische Friedrich Wilhelms Universität Bonn; Bonn Germany
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30
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Eremophilane Sesquiterpenes from a Deep Marine-Derived Fungus, Aspergillus sp. SCSIOW2, Cultivated in the Presence of Epigenetic Modifying Agents. Molecules 2016. [DOI: 10.3390/molecules21040473 pmid: 270968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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31
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Wang L, Li M, Tang J, Li X. Eremophilane Sesquiterpenes from a Deep Marine-Derived Fungus, Aspergillus sp. SCSIOW2, Cultivated in the Presence of Epigenetic Modifying Agents. Molecules 2016; 21:473. [PMID: 27096861 PMCID: PMC6274295 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21040473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Revised: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemical epigenetic manipulation was applied to a deep marine-derived fungus, Aspergillus sp. SCSIOW2, resulting in significant changes of the secondary metabolites. Three new eremophilane-type sesquiterpenes, dihydrobipolaroxin B (2), dihydrobipolaroxin C (3), and dihydrobipolaroxin D (4), along with one known analogue, dihydrobipolaroxin (1), were isolated from the culture treated with a combination of histone deacetylase inhibitor (suberohydroxamic acid) and DNA methyltransferase inhibitor (5-azacytidine). 1-4 were not produced in the untreated cultures. 2 and 3 might be artificial because 1 could form 2 and 3 spontaneously in water by intracellular acetalization reaction. The absolute configurations of 1 and 2 were assigned based on ECD spectroscopy combined with time-dependent density functional theory calculations. All four compounds exhibited moderate nitric oxide inhibitory activities without cytotoxic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyan Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource and Eco-environmental Science, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Microbial Genetic Engineering, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
| | - Mengjie Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource and Eco-environmental Science, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Microbial Genetic Engineering, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
| | - Jianqiang Tang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource and Eco-environmental Science, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Microbial Genetic Engineering, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
| | - Xiaofan Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource and Eco-environmental Science, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Microbial Genetic Engineering, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
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32
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Multicomponent Analysis of the Differential Induction of Secondary Metabolite Profiles in Fungal Endophytes. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21020234. [PMID: 26901184 PMCID: PMC6272891 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21020234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Revised: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 02/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Small molecule histone deacetylase (HDAC) and DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) inhibitors are commonly used to perturb the production of fungal metabolites leading to the induction of the expression of silent biosynthetic pathways. Several reports have described the variable effects observed in natural product profiles in fungi treated with HDAC and DNMT inhibitors, such as enhanced chemical diversity and/or the induction of new molecules previously unknown to be produced by the strain. Fungal endophytes are known to produce a wide variety of secondary metabolites (SMs) involved in their adaptation and survival within higher plants. The plant-microbe interaction may influence the expression of some biosynthetic pathways, otherwise cryptic in these fungi when grown in vitro. The aim of this study was to setup a systematic approach to evaluate and identify the possible effects of HDAC and DNMT inhibitors on the metabolic profiles of wild type fungal endophytes, including the chemical identification and characterization of the most significant SMs induced by these epigenetic modifiers.
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33
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Igarashi Y, Yamamoto K, Fukuda T, Shojima A, Nakayama J, Carro L, Trujillo ME. Arthroamide, a Cyclic Depsipeptide with Quorum Sensing Inhibitory Activity from Arthrobacter sp. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2015; 78:2827-2831. [PMID: 26575343 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.5b00540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Nonfilamentous actinobacteria have been less studied as secondary metabolite producers than their filamentous counterparts such as Streptomyces. From our collection of nonfilamentous actinobacteria isolated from sandstone, an Arthrobacter strain was found to produce a new cyclic peptide arthroamide (1) together with the known compound turnagainolide A (2). These compounds inhibited the quorum sensing signaling of Staphylococcus aureus in the submicromolar to micromolar range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Igarashi
- Biotechnology Research Center and Department of Biotechnology, Toyama Prefectural University , 5180 Kurokawa, Imizu, Toyama 939-0398, Japan
| | - Kazuki Yamamoto
- Biotechnology Research Center and Department of Biotechnology, Toyama Prefectural University , 5180 Kurokawa, Imizu, Toyama 939-0398, Japan
| | - Takao Fukuda
- Biotechnology Research Center and Department of Biotechnology, Toyama Prefectural University , 5180 Kurokawa, Imizu, Toyama 939-0398, Japan
| | - Akane Shojima
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University , 6-10-14 Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
| | - Jiro Nakayama
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University , 6-10-14 Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
| | - Lorena Carro
- Departmento de Microbiologia y Genetica, Edificio Departamental Lab. 214, Universidad de Salamanca , Campus Miguel de Unamuno, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Martha E Trujillo
- Departmento de Microbiologia y Genetica, Edificio Departamental Lab. 214, Universidad de Salamanca , Campus Miguel de Unamuno, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
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34
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Dong HQ, Xu MH, Feng CG, Sun XW, Lin GQ. Recent applications of chiral N-tert-butanesulfinyl imines, chiral diene ligands and chiral sulfur–olefin ligands in asymmetric synthesis. Org Chem Front 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4qo00245h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The highly efficient asymmetric reactions of chiral sulfinyl auxiliary, diene ligands and sulfur–olefin ligands are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Qing Dong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry of Natural Substances
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 200032
- China
| | - Ming-Hua Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 201203
- China
| | - Chen-Guo Feng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry of Natural Substances
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 200032
- China
| | - Xing-Wen Sun
- Department of Chemistry
- Fudan University
- Shanghai 200433
- China
| | - Guo-Qiang Lin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry of Natural Substances
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 200032
- China
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35
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Du L, King J, Cichewicz RH. Chlorinated polyketide obtained from a Daldinia sp. treated with the epigenetic modifier suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2014; 77:2454-8. [PMID: 25338315 PMCID: PMC4251535 DOI: 10.1021/np500522z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2014] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
A new chlorinated pentacyclic polyketide, daldinone E (1), was purified from a Daldinia sp. fungal isolate treated with the epigenetic modifier suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA). A biosynthetically related epoxide-containing daldinone analogue, 2, was also purified from the same fungus. The structures of both compounds were established by spectroscopic methods, and the absolute configurations were assigned by analysis of their NMR data (coupling constants and ROESY correlations) and DFT calculations of specific rotations and ECD spectra. During the course of these studies it was determined that metabolite 2 and the previously reported daldinone B shared the same spectroscopic data, leading to a revision of the reported structure. Both compounds 1 and 2 also exhibited DPPH radical scavenging activities with potency comparable to the positive control ascorbic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Du
- Institute for Natural
Products Applications and Research Technologies,
Natural Products Discovery Group, and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Stephenson Life Sciences Research Center, University
of Oklahoma, 101 Stephenson
Parkway, Norman, Oklahoma 73019-5251, United States
| | - Jarrod
B. King
- Institute for Natural
Products Applications and Research Technologies,
Natural Products Discovery Group, and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Stephenson Life Sciences Research Center, University
of Oklahoma, 101 Stephenson
Parkway, Norman, Oklahoma 73019-5251, United States
| | - Robert H. Cichewicz
- Institute for Natural
Products Applications and Research Technologies,
Natural Products Discovery Group, and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Stephenson Life Sciences Research Center, University
of Oklahoma, 101 Stephenson
Parkway, Norman, Oklahoma 73019-5251, United States
- E-mail: . Tel: 405-325-6969. Fax: 405-325-6111
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36
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Zhang W, Shao CL, Chen M, Liu QA, Wang CY. Brominated resorcylic acid lactones from the marine-derived fungus Cochliobolus lunatus induced by histone deacetylase inhibitors. Tetrahedron Lett 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2014.06.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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37
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Smith KM, Gautschi JT, Freitag M. Decoding the cryptic genomes of fungi: the promise of novel antibiotics. Future Microbiol 2014; 9:265-8. [DOI: 10.2217/fmb.14.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kristina M Smith
- Programs in Biology & Chemistry, Oregon State University-Cascades, 2600 Northwest College Way, Bend, OR 97701, USA
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, 2011 ALS Bldg., Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Jeffrey T Gautschi
- Programs in Biology & Chemistry, Oregon State University-Cascades, 2600 Northwest College Way, Bend, OR 97701, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Gilbert Hall, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Michael Freitag
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, 2011 ALS Bldg., Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
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38
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Miao FP, Liang XR, Liu XH, Ji NY. Aspewentins A-C, norditerpenes from a cryptic pathway in an algicolous strain of Aspergillus wentii. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2014; 77:429-32. [PMID: 24499164 DOI: 10.1021/np401047w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Through addition of suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid, two new aromatic norditerpenes, aspewentins A (1) and B (2), along with an oxygenated derivative, aspewentin C (3), were obtained from the culture of an Aspergillus wentii strain (na-3) isolated from the tissue of the brown alga Sargassum fusiforme. The structures and absolute configurations were unambiguously elucidated by spectroscopic analyses and quantum chemical calculations. Aspewentins A-C were produced before sporulation and exhibited potent bioactivities against some marine-derived organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng-Ping Miao
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Biology and Bioresource Utilization, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Yantai 264003, People's Republic of China
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39
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Co-cultivation--a powerful emerging tool for enhancing the chemical diversity of microorganisms. Mar Drugs 2014; 12:1043-65. [PMID: 24549204 PMCID: PMC3944530 DOI: 10.3390/md12021043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2014] [Revised: 01/23/2014] [Accepted: 02/06/2014] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Marine-derived bacteria and fungi are promising sources of novel bioactive compounds that are important for drug discovery programs. However, as encountered in terrestrial microorganisms there is a high rate of redundancy that results in the frequent re-discovery of known compounds. Apparently only a part of the biosynthetic genes that are harbored by fungi and bacteria are transcribed under routine laboratory conditions which involve cultivation of axenic microbial strains. Many biosynthetic genes remain silent and are not expressed in vitro thereby seriously limiting the chemical diversity of microbial compounds that can be obtained through fermentation. In contrast to this, co-cultivation (also called mixed fermentation) of two or more different microorganisms tries to mimic the ecological situation where microorganisms always co-exist within complex microbial communities. The competition or antagonism experienced during co-cultivation is shown to lead to a significantly enhanced production of constitutively present compounds and/or to an accumulation of cryptic compounds that are not detected in axenic cultures of the producing strain. This review highlights the power of co-cultivation for increasing the chemical diversity of bacteria and fungi drawing on published studies from the marine and from the terrestrial habitat alike.
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40
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VanderMolen KM, Darveaux BA, Chen WL, Swanson SM, Pearce CJ, Oberlies NH. Epigenetic Manipulation of a Filamentous Fungus by the Proteasome-Inhibitor Bortezomib Induces the Production of an Additional Secondary Metabolite. RSC Adv 2014; 4:18329-18335. [PMID: 24955237 DOI: 10.1039/c4ra00274a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of epigenetic modifiers, such as histone deacetylase inhibitors and DNA methyltransferase inhibitors, has been explored increasingly as a technique to induce the production of additional microbial secondary metabolites. The application of such molecules to microbial cultures has been shown to upregulate otherwise suppressed genes, and in several cases has led to the production of new molecular structures. In this study, the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib was used to induce the production of an additional metabolite from a filamentous fungus (Pleosporales). The induced metabolite was previously isolated from a plant, but the configuration was not assigned until now; in addition, an analogue was isolated from a degraded sample, yielding a new compound. Proteasome inhibitors have not previously been used in this application and offer an additional tool for microbial genome mining.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen M VanderMolen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, P.O. Box 26170, Greensboro, North Carolina 27402, United States
| | - Blaise A Darveaux
- Mycosynthetix, Inc., 505 Meadowlands Drive, Suite 103, Hillsborough, North Carolina 27278, United States
| | - Wei-Lun Chen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - Steven M Swanson
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - Cedric J Pearce
- Mycosynthetix, Inc., 505 Meadowlands Drive, Suite 103, Hillsborough, North Carolina 27278, United States
| | - Nicholas H Oberlies
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, P.O. Box 26170, Greensboro, North Carolina 27402, United States
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41
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Abstract
This review covers the literature published in 2011 for marine natural products, with 870 citations (558 for the period January to December 2011) referring to compounds isolated from marine microorganisms and phytoplankton, green, brown and red algae, sponges, cnidarians, bryozoans, molluscs, tunicates, echinoderms, mangroves and other intertidal plants and microorganisms. The emphasis is on new compounds (1152 for 2011), together with the relevant biological activities, source organisms and country of origin. Biosynthetic studies, first syntheses, and syntheses that lead to the revision of structures or stereochemistries, have been included.
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Affiliation(s)
- John W Blunt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand.
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42
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Asai T, Otsuki S, Sakurai H, Yamashita K, Ozeki T, Oshima Y. Benzophenones from an endophytic fungus, Graphiopsis chlorocephala, from Paeonia lactiflora cultivated in the presence of an NAD+-dependent HDAC inhibitor. Org Lett 2013; 15:2058-61. [PMID: 23578108 DOI: 10.1021/ol400781b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Graphiopsis chlorocephala was separated from the surface-sterilized healthy leaves of Paeonia lactiflora (Paeoniaceae) and cultivated with nicotinamide (an NAD(+)-dependent HDAC inhibitor). The culture conditions significantly enhanced secondary metabolite production in the fungus and led to the isolation of a structurally diverse set of new benzophenones, cephalanones A-F (1-6), and a known 2-(2,6-dihydroxy-4-methylbenzoyl)-6-hydroxybenzoic acid (7). The structures of 1-6 were determined from NMR data, single crystal X-ray diffraction, and chemical transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teigo Asai
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Aoba-yama, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan.
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de la Cruz M, Martín J, González-Menéndez V, Pérez-Victoria I, Moreno C, Tormo JR, El Aouad N, Guarro J, Vicente F, Reyes F, Bills GF. Chemical and physical modulation of antibiotic activity in emericella species. Chem Biodivers 2012; 9:1095-113. [PMID: 22700228 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201100362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The addition of epigenetic modifying agents and ion-exchange resins to culture media and solid-state fermentations have been promoted as ways to stimulate expression of latent biosynthetic gene clusters and to modulate secondary metabolite biosynthesis. We asked how combination of these treatments would affect a population of screening isolates and their patterns of antibiosis relative to fermentation controls. A set of 43 Emericella strains, representing 25 species and varieties, were grown on a nutrient-rich medium comprising glucose, casein hydrolysate, urea, and mineral salts. Each strain was grown in untreated agitated liquid medium, a medium treated with suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid, a histone deacetylase inhibitor, 5-azacytidine, a DNA methylation inhibitor, an Amberlite non-ionic polyacrylate resin, and the same medium incorporated into an inert static vermiculite matrix. Species-inherent metabolic differences more strongly influenced patterns of antibiosis than medium treatments. The antibacterial siderophore, desferritriacetylfusigen, was detected in most species in liquid media, but not in the vermiculite medium. The predominant antifungal component detected was echinocandin B. Some species produced this antifungal regardless of treatment, although higher quantities were often produced in vermiculite. Several species are reported for the first time to produce echinocandin B. A new echinocandin analog, echinocandin E, was identified from E. quadrilineata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mercedes de la Cruz
- Fundación MEDINA, Centro de Excelencia en Investigación de Medicamentos Innovadores en Andalucía, Avda. del Conocimiento 3, Parque Tecnológico de Ciencias de la Salud, ES-18100 Armilla, Granada
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Asai T, Chung YM, Sakurai H, Ozeki T, Chang FR, Wu YC, Yamashita K, Oshima Y. Highly oxidized ergosterols and isariotin analogs from an entomopathogenic fungus, Gibellula formosana, cultivated in the presence of epigenetic modifying agents. Tetrahedron 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2012.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Asai T, Yamamoto T, Oshima Y. Aromatic Polyketide Production in Cordyceps indigotica, an Entomopathogenic Fungus, Induced by Exposure to a Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor. Org Lett 2012; 14:2006-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ol3005062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Teigo Asai
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Aoba-yama, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Takashi Yamamoto
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Aoba-yama, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Yoshiteru Oshima
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Aoba-yama, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
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Epigenetic tailoring for the production of anti-infective cytosporones from the marine fungus Leucostoma persoonii. Mar Drugs 2012; 10:762-774. [PMID: 22690142 PMCID: PMC3366674 DOI: 10.3390/md10040762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2012] [Revised: 03/13/2012] [Accepted: 03/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent genomic studies have demonstrated that fungi can possess gene clusters encoding for the production of previously unobserved secondary metabolites. Activation of these attenuated or silenced genes to obtain either improved titers of known compounds or new ones altogether has been a subject of considerable interest. In our efforts to discover new chemotypes that are effective against infectious diseases, including malaria and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), we have isolated a strain of marine fungus, Leucostoma persoonii, that produces bioactive cytosporones. Epigenetic modifiers employed to activate secondary metabolite genes resulted in enhanced production of known cytosporones B (1, 360%), C (2, 580%) and E (3, 890%), as well as the production of the previously undescribed cytosporone R (4). Cytosporone E was the most bioactive, displaying an IC(90) of 13 µM toward Plasmodium falciparum, with A549 cytotoxicity IC(90) of 437 µM, representing a 90% inhibition therapeutic index (TI(90) = IC(90) A459/IC(90)P. falciparum) of 33. In addition, cytosporone E was active against MRSA with a minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 72 µM and inhibition of MRSA biofilm at roughly half that value (minimum biofilm eradication counts, MBEC90, was found to be 39 µM).
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Asai T, Chung YM, Sakurai H, Ozeki T, Chang FR, Yamashita K, Oshima Y. Tenuipyrone, a novel skeletal polyketide from the entomopathogenic fungus, Isaria tenuipes, cultivated in the presence of epigenetic modifiers. Org Lett 2011; 14:513-5. [PMID: 22201477 DOI: 10.1021/ol203097b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The concomitant addition of the histone deacetylase inhibitor and the DNA methyltransferase inhibitor to the culture medium of an entomopathogenic fungus, Isaria tenuipes, greatly enhanced its secondary metabolite production and led to the isolation of tenuipyrone (1), a novel polyketide with an unprecedented tetracyclic ring system bearing a spiroketal structural component, along with two known C(10)-polyketides, cephalosporolide B (2), which is a plausible biosynthetic precursor of 1, and cephalosporolide F (3).
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Affiliation(s)
- Teigo Asai
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Aoba-yama, Sendai 980-8578, Japan.
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Li D, Carr G, Zhang Y, Williams DE, Amlani A, Bottriell H, Mui ALF, Andersen RJ. Turnagainolides A and B, cyclic depsipeptides produced in culture by a Bacillus sp.: isolation, structure elucidation, and synthesis. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2011; 74:1093-9. [PMID: 21539394 DOI: 10.1021/np200033y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Two new cyclic depsipeptides, turnagainolides A (1) and B (2), have been isolated from laboratory cultures of a marine isolate of Bacillus sp. The structures of 1 and 2, which are simply epimers at the site of macrolactonization, were elucidated by analysis of NMR data and chemical degradation. A total synthesis of the turnagainolides confirmed their structures. Turnagainolide B (2) showed activity in a SHIP1 activation assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dehai Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z1
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