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Lin W, Gerullat L, Braadland PR, Fournier A, Hov JR, Globisch D. Rapid and Bifunctional Chemoselective Metabolome Analysis of Liver Disease Plasma Using the Reagent 4-Nitrophenyl-2H-azirine. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202318579. [PMID: 38235602 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202318579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the bile ducts that has been associated with diverse metabolic carboxylic acids. Mass spectrometric techniques are the method of choice for their analysis. However, the broad investigation of this metabolite class remains challenging. Derivatization of carboxylic acids represents a strategy to overcome these limitations but available methods suffer from diverse analytical challenges. Herein, we have designed a novel strategy introducing 4-nitrophenyl-2H-azirine as a new chemoselective moiety for the first time for carboxylic acid metabolites. This moiety was selected as it rapidly forms a stable amide bond and also generates a new ketone, which can be analyzed by our recently developed quant-SCHEMA method specific for carbonyl metabolites. Optimization of this new method revealed a high reproducibility and robustness, which was utilized to validate 102 metabolic carboxylic acids using authentic synthetic standard conjugates in human plasma samples including nine metabolites that were newly detected. Using this sequential analysis of the carbonyl- and carboxylic acid-metabolomes revealed alterations of the ketogenesis pathway, which demonstrates the vast benefit of our unique methodology. We anticipate that the developed azirine moiety with rapid functional group transformation will find broad application in diverse chemical biology research fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weifeng Lin
- Department of Chemistry-, BMC, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 576, SE-75123, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lars Gerullat
- Department of Chemistry-, BMC, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 576, SE-75123, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Peder R Braadland
- Norwegian PSC Research Center at Department of Transplantation Medicine, Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, 0424, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anaïs Fournier
- Department of Chemistry-, BMC, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 576, SE-75123, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Johannes R Hov
- Norwegian PSC Research Center at Department of Transplantation Medicine, Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, 0424, Oslo, Norway
| | - Daniel Globisch
- Department of Chemistry-, BMC, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 576, SE-75123, Uppsala, Sweden
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2
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Salazar-Chaparro AF, Halder S, Maresh ME, Trader DJ. Solid-Phase Synthesis and Application of a Clickable Version of Epoxomicin for Proteasome Activity Analysis. Chembiochem 2022; 23:e202100710. [PMID: 35107861 PMCID: PMC9122039 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202100710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Degradation of proteins by the proteasome is an essential cellular process and one that many wish to study in a variety of disease types. There are commercially available probes that can monitor proteasome activity in cells, but they typically contain common fluorophores that limit their simultaneous use with other activity-based probes. In order to exchange the fluorophore or incorporate an enrichment tag, the proteasome probe likely has to be synthesized which can be cumbersome. Here, we describe a simple synthetic procedure that only requires one purification step to generate epoxomicin, a selective proteasome inhibitor, with a terminal alkyne. Through a copper-catalyzed cycloaddition, any moiety containing an azide can be incorporated into the probe. Many fluorophores are commercially available that contain an azide that can be "clicked", allowing this proteasome activity probe to be included into already established assays to monitor both proteasome activity and other cellular activities of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andres F. Salazar-Chaparro
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, 47907 (USA)
| | - Saayak Halder
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, 47907 (USA)
| | - Marianne E. Maresh
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, 47907 (USA)
| | - Darci J. Trader
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, 47907 (USA)
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3
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Müller MJ, Dorst A, Paulus C, Khan I, Sieber S. Catch-enrich-release approach for amine-containing natural products. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:12560-12563. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cc04905h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Chemoselective approach to extract amine-containing natural products from complex matrices. The enzymatic release from the probe affords the underivatised compounds as products.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrea Dorst
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Constanze Paulus
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Imran Khan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Simon Sieber
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
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4
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tert-Butoxychloromethylphenylsilane: synthesis and reactivity. Russ Chem Bull 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-020-3033-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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5
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Lin W, Conway LP, Block A, Sommi G, Vujasinovic M, Löhr JM, Globisch D. Sensitive mass spectrometric analysis of carbonyl metabolites in human urine and fecal samples using chemoselective modification. Analyst 2020; 145:3822-3831. [PMID: 32393929 DOI: 10.1039/d0an00150c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Metabolites with ketone or aldehyde functionalities comprise a large proportion of the human metabolome, most notably in the form of sugars. However, these reactive molecules are also generated through oxidative stress or gut microbiota metabolism and have been linked to disease development. The discovery and structural validation of this class of metabolites over the large concentration range found in human samples is crucial to identify their links to pathogenesis. Herein, we have utilized an advanced chemoselective probe methodology alongside bioinformatic analysis to identify carbonyl-metabolites in urine and fecal samples. In total, 99 metabolites were identified in urine samples and the chemical structure for 40 metabolites were unambiguously validated using a co-injection procedure. We also describe the preparation of a metabolite-conjugate library of 94 compounds utilized to efficiently validate these ketones and aldehydes. This method was used to validate 33 metabolites in a pooled fecal sample extract to demonstrate the potential for rapid and efficient metabolite detection over a wide metabolite concentration range. This analysis revealed the presence of six metabolites that have not previously been detected in either sample type. The constructed library can be utilized for straightforward, large-scale, and expeditious analysis of carbonyls in any sample type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weifeng Lin
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 574, SE-75123 Uppsala, Sweden.
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6
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Chen J, Tian Y, Zhang YX, Xu FG. Chemoselective Probes Serving as Promising Derivatization Tools in Targeted Metabolomics Research. JOURNAL OF ANALYSIS AND TESTING 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s41664-020-00125-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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7
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Borsari C, Trader DJ, Tait A, Costi MP. Designing Chimeric Molecules for Drug Discovery by Leveraging Chemical Biology. J Med Chem 2020; 63:1908-1928. [PMID: 32023055 PMCID: PMC7997565 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b01456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
After the first seed concept introduced in the 18th century, different disciplines have attributed different names to dual-functional molecules depending on their application, including bioconjugates, bifunctional compounds, multitargeting molecules, chimeras, hybrids, engineered compounds. However, these engineered constructs share a general structure: a first component that targets a specific cell and a second component that exerts the pharmacological activity. A stable or cleavable linker connects the two modules of a chimera. Herein, we discuss the recent advances in the rapidly expanding field of chimeric molecules leveraging chemical biology concepts. This Perspective is focused on bifunctional compounds in which one component is a lead compound or a drug. In detail, we discuss chemical features of chimeric molecules and their use for targeted delivery and for target engagement studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Borsari
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 28, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Darci J Trader
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, 610 Purdue Mall, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Annalisa Tait
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 103, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Maria P Costi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 103, 41125 Modena, Italy
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Garg N, Conway LP, Ballet C, Correia MSP, Olsson FKS, Vujasinovic M, Löhr J, Globisch D. Chemoselective Probe Containing a Unique Bioorthogonal Cleavage Site for Investigation of Gut Microbiota Metabolism. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:13805-13809. [PMID: 30168889 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201804828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Neeraj Garg
- Department of Medicinal ChemistryScience for Life LaboratoryUppsala University Box 574 75123 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Louis P. Conway
- Department of Medicinal ChemistryScience for Life LaboratoryUppsala University Box 574 75123 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Caroline Ballet
- Department of Medicinal ChemistryScience for Life LaboratoryUppsala University Box 574 75123 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Mario S. P. Correia
- Department of Medicinal ChemistryScience for Life LaboratoryUppsala University Box 574 75123 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Frida K. S. Olsson
- Department of Medicinal ChemistryScience for Life LaboratoryUppsala University Box 574 75123 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Miroslav Vujasinovic
- Department of Clinical ScienceIntervention and Technology (CLINTEC) and Department for Digestive DiseasesKarolinska Institute and Karolinska University Hospital Stockholm Sweden
| | - J.‐Matthias Löhr
- Department of Clinical ScienceIntervention and Technology (CLINTEC) and Department for Digestive DiseasesKarolinska Institute and Karolinska University Hospital Stockholm Sweden
| | - Daniel Globisch
- Department of Medicinal ChemistryScience for Life LaboratoryUppsala University Box 574 75123 Uppsala Sweden
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9
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Garg N, Conway LP, Ballet C, Correia MSP, Olsson FKS, Vujasinovic M, Löhr J, Globisch D. Chemoselective Probe Containing a Unique Bioorthogonal Cleavage Site for Investigation of Gut Microbiota Metabolism. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201804828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Neeraj Garg
- Department of Medicinal ChemistryScience for Life LaboratoryUppsala University Box 574 75123 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Louis P. Conway
- Department of Medicinal ChemistryScience for Life LaboratoryUppsala University Box 574 75123 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Caroline Ballet
- Department of Medicinal ChemistryScience for Life LaboratoryUppsala University Box 574 75123 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Mario S. P. Correia
- Department of Medicinal ChemistryScience for Life LaboratoryUppsala University Box 574 75123 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Frida K. S. Olsson
- Department of Medicinal ChemistryScience for Life LaboratoryUppsala University Box 574 75123 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Miroslav Vujasinovic
- Department of Clinical ScienceIntervention and Technology (CLINTEC) and Department for Digestive DiseasesKarolinska Institute and Karolinska University Hospital Stockholm Sweden
| | - J.‐Matthias Löhr
- Department of Clinical ScienceIntervention and Technology (CLINTEC) and Department for Digestive DiseasesKarolinska Institute and Karolinska University Hospital Stockholm Sweden
| | - Daniel Globisch
- Department of Medicinal ChemistryScience for Life LaboratoryUppsala University Box 574 75123 Uppsala Sweden
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10
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Rivera GSM, Beamish CR, Wencewicz TA. Immobilized FhuD2 Siderophore-Binding Protein Enables Purification of Salmycin Sideromycins from Streptomyces violaceus DSM 8286. ACS Infect Dis 2018; 4:845-859. [PMID: 29460625 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.8b00015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Siderophores are a structurally diverse class of natural products common to most bacteria and fungi as iron(III)-chelating ligands. Siderophores, including trihydroxamate ferrioxamines, are used clinically to treat iron overload diseases and show promising activity against many other iron-related human diseases. Here, we present a new method for the isolation of ferrioxamine siderophores from complex mixtures using affinity chromatography based on resin-immobilized FhuD2, a siderophore-binding protein (SBP) from Staphylococcus aureus. The SBP-resin enabled purification of charge positive, charge negative, and neutral ferrioxamine siderophores. Treatment of culture supernatants from Streptomyces violaceus DSM 8286 with SBP-resin provided an analytically pure sample of the salmycins, a mixture of structurally complex glycosylated sideromycins (siderophore-antibiotic conjugates) with potent antibacterial activity toward human pathogenic Staphylococcus aureus (minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) = 7 nM). Siderophore affinity chromatography could enable the rapid discovery of new siderophore and sideromycin natural products from complex mixtures to aid drug discovery and metabolite identification efforts in a broad range of therapeutic areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerry Sann M. Rivera
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis, One Brookings Drive, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Catherine R. Beamish
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis, One Brookings Drive, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Timothy A. Wencewicz
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis, One Brookings Drive, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
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11
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Grajkowski A, Cieślak J, Beaucage SL. A High-Throughput Process for the Solid-Phase Purification of Synthetic DNA Sequences. CURRENT PROTOCOLS IN NUCLEIC ACID CHEMISTRY 2017; 69:10.17.1-10.17.30. [PMID: 28628204 PMCID: PMC5568675 DOI: 10.1002/cpnc.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
An efficient process for the purification of synthetic phosphorothioate and native DNA sequences is presented. The process is based on the use of an aminopropylated silica gel support functionalized with aminooxyalkyl functions to enable capture of DNA sequences through an oximation reaction with the keto function of a linker conjugated to the 5'-terminus of DNA sequences. Deoxyribonucleoside phosphoramidites carrying this linker, as a 5'-hydroxyl protecting group, have been synthesized for incorporation into DNA sequences during the last coupling step of a standard solid-phase synthesis protocol executed on a controlled pore glass (CPG) support. Solid-phase capture of the nucleobase- and phosphate-deprotected DNA sequences released from the CPG support is demonstrated to proceed near quantitatively. Shorter than full-length DNA sequences are first washed away from the capture support; the solid-phase purified DNA sequences are then released from this support upon reaction with tetra-n-butylammonium fluoride in dry dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) and precipitated in tetrahydrofuran (THF). The purity of solid-phase-purified DNA sequences exceeds 98%. The simulated high-throughput and scalability features of the solid-phase purification process are demonstrated without sacrificing purity of the DNA sequences. © 2017 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej Grajkowski
- Laboratory of Biological Chemistry, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Jacek Cieślak
- Laboratory of Biological Chemistry, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Serge L Beaucage
- Laboratory of Biological Chemistry, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland
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12
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Grajkowski A, Cieslak J, Beaucage SL. Solid-Phase Purification of Synthetic DNA Sequences. J Org Chem 2016; 81:6165-75. [PMID: 27382974 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b01020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Although high-throughput methods for solid-phase synthesis of DNA sequences are currently available for synthetic biology applications and technologies for large-scale production of nucleic acid-based drugs have been exploited for various therapeutic indications, little has been done to develop high-throughput procedures for the purification of synthetic nucleic acid sequences. An efficient process for purification of phosphorothioate and native DNA sequences is described herein. This process consists of functionalizing commercial aminopropylated silica gel with aminooxyalkyl functions to enable capture of DNA sequences carrying a 5'-siloxyl ether linker with a "keto" function through an oximation reaction. Deoxyribonucleoside phosphoramidites functionalized with the 5'-siloxyl ether linker were prepared in yields of 75-83% and incorporated last into the solid-phase assembly of DNA sequences. Capture of nucleobase- and phosphate-deprotected DNA sequences released from the synthesis support is demonstrated to proceed near quantitatively. After shorter than full-length DNA sequences were washed from the capture support, the purified DNA sequences were released from this support upon treatment with tetra-n-butylammonium fluoride in dry DMSO. The purity of released DNA sequences exceeds 98%. The scalability and high-throughput features of the purification process are demonstrated without sacrificing purity of the DNA sequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej Grajkowski
- Laboratory of Biological Chemistry, Division of Biotechnology Review and Research IV, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration , 10903 New Hampshire Avenue, Silver Spring, Maryland 20933, United States
| | - Jacek Cieslak
- Laboratory of Biological Chemistry, Division of Biotechnology Review and Research IV, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration , 10903 New Hampshire Avenue, Silver Spring, Maryland 20933, United States
| | - Serge L Beaucage
- Laboratory of Biological Chemistry, Division of Biotechnology Review and Research IV, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration , 10903 New Hampshire Avenue, Silver Spring, Maryland 20933, United States
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13
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Capehart SL, Carlson EE. Mass spectrometry-based assay for the rapid detection of thiol-containing natural products. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:13229-13232. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cc07111b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
To expedite discovery of thiol-containing compounds, we devised a selective solid-supported reagent for their immobilization, followed by cleavage of a photocleavable linker to yield stable natural product conjugates for direct detection by mass spectrometry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Erin E. Carlson
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Minnesota
- SE Minneapolis
- USA
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry
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14
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Trader DJ, Carlson EE. Chemoselective enrichment as a tool to increase access to bioactive natural products: Case study borrelidin. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2015; 25:4767-4769. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2015.07.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Revised: 07/17/2015] [Accepted: 07/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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15
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Li H, Qin Q, Qiao L, Shi X, Xu G. Preparation of mesoporous SiO2@azobenzene–COOH chemoselective nanoprobes for comprehensive mapping of amino metabolites in human serum. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:11321-4. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cc03756e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
mSiO2@azobenzene–COOH chemoselective nanoprobes were developed for comprehensive mapping of amino metabolites in complex biological samples with high specificity and sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Li
- Key Lab of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Dalian
- China
| | - Qian Qin
- Key Lab of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Dalian
- China
| | - Lizhen Qiao
- Key Lab of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Dalian
- China
| | - Xianzhe Shi
- Key Lab of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Dalian
- China
| | - Guowang Xu
- Key Lab of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Dalian
- China
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16
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Trader DJ, Carlson EE. Toward the development of solid-supported reagents for separation of alcohol-containing compounds by steric environment. Tetrahedron 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2014.03.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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17
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Trader DJ, Carlson EE. Taming of a superbase for selective phenol desilylation and natural product isolation. J Org Chem 2013; 78:7349-55. [PMID: 23815363 DOI: 10.1021/jo4010298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Hydroxyl moieties are highly prevalent in natural products. We previously reported a chemoselective strategy for enrichment of hydroxyl-functionalized molecules by formation of a silyl ether bond to a resin. To generate smaller pools of molecules for analysis, we developed cleavage conditions to promote stepwise release of phenolic silyl ethers followed by aliphatic silyl ethers with a "tamed" version of the superbase 1,1,3,3-tetramethylguanadine. We demonstrate this as a general strategy for selective deprotection of phenolic silyl ethers under neutral conditions at room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darci J Trader
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 212 South Hawthorne Drive, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
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18
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Trader DJ, Carlson EE. Chemoselective hydroxyl group transformation: an elusive target. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2012; 8:2484-93. [PMID: 22695722 PMCID: PMC3430791 DOI: 10.1039/c2mb25122a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The selective reaction of one functional group in the presence of others is not a trivial task. A noteworthy amount of research has been dedicated to the chemoselective reaction of the hydroxyl moiety. This group is prevalent in many biologically important molecules including natural products and proteins. However, targeting the hydroxyl group is difficult for many reasons including its relatively low nucleophilicity in comparison to other ubiquitous functional groups such as amines and thiols. Additionally, many of the developed chemoselective reactions cannot be used in the presence of water. Despite these complications, chemoselective transformation of the hydroxyl moiety has been utilized in the synthesis of complex natural product derivatives, the reaction of tyrosine residues in proteins, the isolation of natural products and is the mechanism of action of myriad drugs. Here, methods for selective targeting of this group, as well as applications of several devised methods, are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darci J. Trader
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 212 S. Hawthorne Drive Bloomington, IN 47405
| | - Erin E. Carlson
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 212 S. Hawthorne Drive Bloomington, IN 47405
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Indiana University, 212 S. Hawthorne Drive Bloomington, IN 47405
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