1
|
Wales S, Saunthwal RK, Clayden J. C(sp 3)-Arylation by Conformationally Accelerated Intramolecular Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution (S NAr). Acc Chem Res 2022; 55:1731-1747. [PMID: 35620846 PMCID: PMC9219115 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.2c00184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The asymmetric synthesis of heavily substituted benzylic stereogenic centers, prevalent in natural products, therapeutics, agrochemicals, and catalysts, is an ongoing challenge. In this Account, we outline our contribution to this endeavor, describing our discovery of a series of new reactions that not only have synthetic applicability but also present significant mechanistic intrigue. The story originated from our longstanding interest in the stereochemistry and reactivity of functionalized organolithiums. While investigating the lithiation chemistry of ureas (a "Cinderella" sister of the more established amides and carbamates), we noted an unexpected Truce-Smiles (T-S) rearrangement involving the 1,4-N → C transposition of a urea N'-aryl group to the α-carbanion of an adjacent N-benzyl group. Despite this reaction formally constituting an SNAr substitution, we found it to be remarkably tolerant of the electronic properties of the migrating aryl substituent and the degree of substitution at the carbanion. Moreover, in contrast to classical SNAr reactions, the rearrangement was sufficiently rapid that it took place under conditions compatible with configurational stability in an organolithium intermediate, enabling enantiospecific arylation at benzylic stereogenic centers. Experimental and computational studies confirmed a low kinetic barrier to the aryl migration arising from the strong preference for a trans arrangement of the urea N'-aryl and carbonyl groups, populating a reactive conformer in which spatial proximity was enforced between the carbanion and N'-aryl group, hugely accelerating ipso-substitution.This discovery led us to uncover a whole series of conformationally accelerated intramolecular N → C aryl transfers using different anilide-based functional groups, including a diverse range of urea, carbamate, and thiocarbamate-substituted anions. Products included enantioenriched α-tertiary amines (including α-arylated N-heterocycles) and alcohols, as well as rare α-tertiary thiols. Synthetically challenging diarylated centers with differentiated aryl groups featured heavily in all product sets. The absolute enantiospecificity (retention versus inversion) of the reaction was dependent on the heteroatom α to the lithiation site: the origin of this stereodivergence was probed both experimentally and computationally. Asymmetric variants of the rearrangement were realized by enantioselective deprotonation, and connective strategies were developed in which an intermolecular C-C bond-forming event preceded the anionic rearrangement. Substrates where the N'-nucleofuge (at the aryl ipso position) was tethered to the migrating arene allowed us to use the rearrangement as a ring expansion method to generate 8- to 12-membered medium-ring N-heterocycles from very simple precursors. Stabilized carbon nucleophiles such as alkali metal enolates also readily promoted intramolecular N → C aryl transfer in N'-arylureas, opening up access to biologically relevant hydantoins, and enabling a "chiral memory" approach for the (hetero)arylation of chiral α-amino acids with programmable retention or inversion of configuration. Collectively, our studies of electronically versatile T-S rearrangements in anilide-based systems have culminated in a practical and general strategy for transition metal-free C(sp3)-arylation. More broadly, our results highlight the power of conformational activation to achieve unprecedented reactivity in the construction of challenging C-C bonds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jonathan Clayden
- School of Chemistry, University
of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Abrams R, Jesani MH, Browning A, Clayden J. Triarylmethanes and their Medium-Ring Analogues by Unactivated Truce-Smiles Rearrangement of Benzanilides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:11272-11277. [PMID: 33830592 PMCID: PMC8252078 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202102192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Intramolecular nucleophilic aromatic substitution (Truce–Smiles rearrangement) of the anions of 2‐benzyl benzanilides leads to triarylmethanes in an operationally simple manner. The reaction succeeds even without electronic activation of the ring that plays the role of electrophile in the SNAr reaction, being accelerated instead by the preferred conformation imposed by the tertiary amide tether. The amide substituent of the product may be removed or transformed into alternative functional groups. A ring‐expanding variant (n to n+4) of the reaction provided a route to doubly benzo‐fused medium ring lactams of 10 or 11 members. Hammett analysis returned a ρ value consistent with the operation of a partially concerted reaction mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roman Abrams
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK
| | - Mehul H Jesani
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK
| | - Alex Browning
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK
| | - Jonathan Clayden
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Abrams R, Jesani MH, Browning A, Clayden J. Triarylmethanes and their Medium‐Ring Analogues by Unactivated Truce–Smiles Rearrangement of Benzanilides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202102192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Roman Abrams
- School of Chemistry University of Bristol, Cantock's Close Bristol BS8 1TS UK
| | - Mehul H. Jesani
- School of Chemistry University of Bristol, Cantock's Close Bristol BS8 1TS UK
| | - Alex Browning
- School of Chemistry University of Bristol, Cantock's Close Bristol BS8 1TS UK
| | - Jonathan Clayden
- School of Chemistry University of Bristol, Cantock's Close Bristol BS8 1TS UK
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Marsico G, Scafato P, Belviso S, Superchi S. Regio- and stereoselective intermolecular carbolithiation reactions. RSC Adv 2020; 10:32581-32601. [PMID: 35516521 PMCID: PMC9056694 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra06101h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbolithiation of alkenes provides a powerful tool for the construction of up to two novel carbon–carbon or carbon–heteroatoms bonds in a regio- and stereo-controlled manner. The synthetic potentiality of this reaction is highlighted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G. Marsico
- Dipartimento di Scienze
- Università della Basilicata
- Potenza
- Italy
| | - P. Scafato
- Dipartimento di Scienze
- Università della Basilicata
- Potenza
- Italy
| | - S. Belviso
- Dipartimento di Scienze
- Università della Basilicata
- Potenza
- Italy
| | - S. Superchi
- Dipartimento di Scienze
- Università della Basilicata
- Potenza
- Italy
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Shterenberg A, Haimov E, Smirnov P, Marek I. Convergent and flexible approach to stereodefined polyhydroxylated fragments. Tetrahedron 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2018.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
|
6
|
Intramolecular vinylation of carbanions using N -acyl benzomorpholines as masked vinylureas and vinylcarbamates. CR CHIM 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crci.2017.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
7
|
Holden CM, Greaney MF. Modern Aspects of the Smiles Rearrangement. Chemistry 2017; 23:8992-9008. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201700353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Revised: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Catherine M. Holden
- School of Chemistry; University of Manchester; Oxford Rd Manchester M13 9PL UK
| | - Michael F. Greaney
- School of Chemistry; University of Manchester; Oxford Rd Manchester M13 9PL UK
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Roy SR, Eijsberg H, Bruffaerts J, Marek I. Zirconocene catalyzed diastereoselective carbometalation of cyclobutenes. Chem Sci 2017; 8:334-339. [PMID: 28451177 PMCID: PMC5365058 DOI: 10.1039/c6sc02617f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The regio- and diastereoselective zirconocene-catalyzed carbomagnesiation of cyclobutenes is herein reported to afford configurationally stable cyclobutylmagnesium species that could subsequently react with a large variety of electrophiles to give polysubstituted cyclobutane species as a single diastereoisomer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sudipta Raha Roy
- The Mallat Family Laboratory of Organic Chemistry , Schulich Faculty of Chemistry and Lise Meitner-Minerva Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry , Technion-Israel Institute of Technology , Technion City , Haifa 32000 , Israel . ; ; Tel: +972-4-829-37-09
| | - Hendrik Eijsberg
- The Mallat Family Laboratory of Organic Chemistry , Schulich Faculty of Chemistry and Lise Meitner-Minerva Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry , Technion-Israel Institute of Technology , Technion City , Haifa 32000 , Israel . ; ; Tel: +972-4-829-37-09
| | - Jeffrey Bruffaerts
- The Mallat Family Laboratory of Organic Chemistry , Schulich Faculty of Chemistry and Lise Meitner-Minerva Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry , Technion-Israel Institute of Technology , Technion City , Haifa 32000 , Israel . ; ; Tel: +972-4-829-37-09
| | - Ilan Marek
- The Mallat Family Laboratory of Organic Chemistry , Schulich Faculty of Chemistry and Lise Meitner-Minerva Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry , Technion-Israel Institute of Technology , Technion City , Haifa 32000 , Israel . ; ; Tel: +972-4-829-37-09
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Haimov E, Nairoukh Z, Shterenberg A, Berkovitz T, Jamison TF, Marek I. Stereoselective Formation of Fully Substituted Ketone Enolates. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201601883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elvira Haimov
- The Mallat Family Laboratory of Organic Chemistry Schulich Faculty of Chemistry and Lise Meitner-Minerva Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry Technion-Israel Institute of Technology Technion City Haifa 3200009 Israel
| | - Zackaria Nairoukh
- The Mallat Family Laboratory of Organic Chemistry Schulich Faculty of Chemistry and Lise Meitner-Minerva Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry Technion-Israel Institute of Technology Technion City Haifa 3200009 Israel
| | - Alexander Shterenberg
- The Mallat Family Laboratory of Organic Chemistry Schulich Faculty of Chemistry and Lise Meitner-Minerva Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry Technion-Israel Institute of Technology Technion City Haifa 3200009 Israel
| | - Tiran Berkovitz
- The Mallat Family Laboratory of Organic Chemistry Schulich Faculty of Chemistry and Lise Meitner-Minerva Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry Technion-Israel Institute of Technology Technion City Haifa 3200009 Israel
| | - Timothy F. Jamison
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology Department of Chemistry 77 Massachusetts Ave., Bldg 18–590 Cambridge MA 02139 USA
| | - Ilan Marek
- The Mallat Family Laboratory of Organic Chemistry Schulich Faculty of Chemistry and Lise Meitner-Minerva Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry Technion-Israel Institute of Technology Technion City Haifa 3200009 Israel
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Haimov E, Nairoukh Z, Shterenberg A, Berkovitz T, Jamison TF, Marek I. Stereoselective Formation of Fully Substituted Ketone Enolates. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:5517-20. [PMID: 27027778 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201601883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The application of stereochemically defined acyclic fully substituted enolates of ketones to the enantioselective synthesis of quaternary carbon stereocenters would be highly valuable. Herein, we describe an approach leading to the formation of several new stereogenic centers through a combined metalation-addition of a carbonyl-carbamoyl transfer to reveal in situ stereodefined α,α-disubstituted enolates of ketone as a single stereoisomer. This approach could produce a series of aldol and Mannich products from enol carbamate with excellent diastereomeric ratios.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elvira Haimov
- The Mallat Family Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Schulich Faculty of Chemistry and Lise Meitner-Minerva Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, Haifa, 3200009, Israel
| | - Zackaria Nairoukh
- The Mallat Family Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Schulich Faculty of Chemistry and Lise Meitner-Minerva Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, Haifa, 3200009, Israel
| | - Alexander Shterenberg
- The Mallat Family Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Schulich Faculty of Chemistry and Lise Meitner-Minerva Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, Haifa, 3200009, Israel
| | - Tiran Berkovitz
- The Mallat Family Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Schulich Faculty of Chemistry and Lise Meitner-Minerva Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, Haifa, 3200009, Israel
| | - Timothy F Jamison
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Chemistry, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Bldg 18-590, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Ilan Marek
- The Mallat Family Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Schulich Faculty of Chemistry and Lise Meitner-Minerva Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, Haifa, 3200009, Israel.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Wang Y, Noble A, Myers EL, Aggarwal VK. Enantiospecific Alkynylation of Alkylboronic Esters. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:4270-4. [PMID: 26934427 PMCID: PMC4804747 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201600599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Enantioenriched secondary and tertiary alkyl pinacolboronic esters undergo enantiospecific deborylative alkynylation through a Zweifel-type alkenylation followed by a 1,2-elimination reaction. The process involves use of α-lithio vinyl bromide or vinyl carbamate species, for which application to Zweifel-type reactions has not previously been explored. The resulting functionalized 1,1-disubstituted alkenes undergo facile base-mediated elimination to generate terminal alkyne products in high yield and excellent levels of enantiospecificity over a wide range of pinacolboronic ester substrates. Furthermore, along with terminal alkynes, internal and silyl-protected alkynes can be formed by simply introducing a suitable carbon- or silicon-based electrophile after the base-mediated 1,2-elimination reaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yahui Wang
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK
| | - Adam Noble
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK
| | - Eddie L Myers
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK
| | - Varinder K Aggarwal
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Wang Y, Noble A, Myers EL, Aggarwal VK. Enantiospecific Alkynylation of Alkylboronic Esters. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201600599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yahui Wang
- School of Chemistry; University of Bristol; Cantock's Close Bristol BS8 1TS UK
| | - Adam Noble
- School of Chemistry; University of Bristol; Cantock's Close Bristol BS8 1TS UK
| | - Eddie L. Myers
- School of Chemistry; University of Bristol; Cantock's Close Bristol BS8 1TS UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Egami H, Usui Y, Kawamura S, Shimizu R, Nagashima S, Sodeoka M. Mechanistic study on a unique SN2′-type reaction of allylic alcohols with organolithium reagent accelerated by a proximal trifluoromethyl group. J Fluor Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2015.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
14
|
Maury J, Clayden J. α-Quaternary Proline Derivatives by Intramolecular Diastereoselective Arylation of N-Carboxamido Proline Ester Enolates. J Org Chem 2015; 80:10757-68. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b01912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julien Maury
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Jonathan Clayden
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Castagnolo D, Degennaro L, Luisi R, Clayden J. Enantioselective carbolithiation of S-alkenyl-N-aryl thiocarbamates: kinetic and thermodynamic control. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 13:2330-40. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ob02329c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Carbolithiation of vinyl thiocarbamates may proceed with the same sense of enantioselectivity with either (−)-sparteine and (+)-sparteine surrogate ligands.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Leonardo Degennaro
- Department of Pharmacy – Drug Sciences University of Bari “A. Moro”
- 70125 Bari
- Italy
| | - Renzo Luisi
- Department of Pharmacy – Drug Sciences University of Bari “A. Moro”
- 70125 Bari
- Italy
| | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Vincent MA, Maury J, Hillier IH, Clayden J. Lithium Choreography Determines Contrasting Stereochemical Outcomes of Aryl Migrations in Benzylic Carbamates, Ureas and Thiocarbamates. European J Org Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201403572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
|
17
|
Tait MB, Ottersbach PA, Tetlow DJ, Clayden J. Synthesis of 1-Arylcycloalkenamines by Intramolecular Arylation of Lithiated Ureas. Org Process Res Dev 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/op500173q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael B. Tait
- School
of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | | | - Daniel J. Tetlow
- School
of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Jonathan Clayden
- School
of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Mingat G, MacLellan P, Laars M, Clayden J. Tertiary Thiols from Allylic Thiocarbamates by Tandem Enantioselective [3,3]-Sigmatropic Rearrangement and Stereospecific Arylation. Org Lett 2014; 16:1252-5. [DOI: 10.1021/ol5002522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gaëlle Mingat
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Paul MacLellan
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Marju Laars
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Jonathan Clayden
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Tomohara K, Yoshimura T, Hyakutake R, Yang P, Kawabata T. Asymmetric α-Arylation of Amino Acid Derivatives by Clayden Rearrangement of Ester Enolates via Memory of Chirality. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:13294-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ja406653n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Tomohara
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Yoshimura
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Ryuichi Hyakutake
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Pan Yang
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Takeo Kawabata
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Su C, Hopson R, Williard PG. Characterization of cyclopentyllithium and cyclopentyllithium tetrahydrofuran complex. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:12400-6. [PMID: 23875807 DOI: 10.1021/ja4059102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The solid-state structures of unsolvated, hexameric cyclopentyllithium and tetrameric cyclopentyllithium tetrahydrofuran solvate were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Cyclopentyllithium easily crystallized in hydrocarbon solvents. Solution-state structural analyses of cyclopentyllithium and cyclopentyllithium-tetrahydrofuran complexes in toluene-d8 were also carried out by diffusion-ordered NMR spectroscopy with diffusion coefficient-formula weight correlation analyses and other one- and two-dimensional NMR techniques. The solution-state studies suggest that unsolvated cyclopentyllithium exists as hexamer and tetramer equilibrating with each other. Upon solvation with tetrahydrofuran, cyclopentyllithium exists mostly as a tetrahydrofuran tetrasolvated tetramer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chicheung Su
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Lefranc J, Minassi A, Clayden J. Carbolithiation of N-alkenyl ureas and N-alkenyl carbamates. Beilstein J Org Chem 2013; 9:628-32. [PMID: 23616806 PMCID: PMC3628850 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.9.70] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2013] [Accepted: 02/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
N-Alkenyl ureas and N-alkenyl carbamates, like other N-acyl enamines, are typically nucleophilic at their β-carbon. However, by incorporating an α-aryl substituent, we show that they will also undergo attack at the β-carbon by organolithium nucleophiles, leading to the products of carbolithiation. The carbolithiation of E and Z N-alkenyl ureas is diastereospecific, and N-tert-butoxycarbonyl N-alkenyl carbamates give carbolithiation products that may be deprotected in situ to provide a new connective route to hindered amines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julien Lefranc
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Castagnolo D, Foley DJ, Berber H, Luisi R, Clayden J. Carbolithiation of S-Alkenyl-N-aryl Thiocarbamates: Carbanion Arylation in a Connective Route to Tertiary Thiols. Org Lett 2013; 15:2116-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ol400570r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Castagnolo
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K., Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Reims, CNRS UMR 7312, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Faculté de Pharmacie, 51 rue Cognacq-Jay, F-51096 Reims Cedex, France, and Department of Pharmacy, University of Bari “A. Moro”, Via E. Orabona, 4. I-70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Daniel J. Foley
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K., Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Reims, CNRS UMR 7312, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Faculté de Pharmacie, 51 rue Cognacq-Jay, F-51096 Reims Cedex, France, and Department of Pharmacy, University of Bari “A. Moro”, Via E. Orabona, 4. I-70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Hatice Berber
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K., Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Reims, CNRS UMR 7312, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Faculté de Pharmacie, 51 rue Cognacq-Jay, F-51096 Reims Cedex, France, and Department of Pharmacy, University of Bari “A. Moro”, Via E. Orabona, 4. I-70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Renzo Luisi
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K., Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Reims, CNRS UMR 7312, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Faculté de Pharmacie, 51 rue Cognacq-Jay, F-51096 Reims Cedex, France, and Department of Pharmacy, University of Bari “A. Moro”, Via E. Orabona, 4. I-70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Jonathan Clayden
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K., Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Reims, CNRS UMR 7312, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Faculté de Pharmacie, 51 rue Cognacq-Jay, F-51096 Reims Cedex, France, and Department of Pharmacy, University of Bari “A. Moro”, Via E. Orabona, 4. I-70125 Bari, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Atkinson RC, Leonard DJ, Maury J, Castagnolo D, Volz N, Clayden J. Intramolecular arylation of amino acid enolates. Chem Commun (Camb) 2013; 49:9734-6. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cc46193a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
24
|
Tait M, Donnard M, Minassi A, Lefranc J, Bechi B, Carbone G, O’Brien P, Clayden J. Amines Bearing Tertiary Substituents by Tandem Enantioselective Carbolithiation–Rearrangement of Vinylureas. Org Lett 2012; 15:34-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ol3029324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Tait
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K., and Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, U.K
| | - Morgan Donnard
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K., and Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, U.K
| | - Alberto Minassi
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K., and Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, U.K
| | - Julien Lefranc
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K., and Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, U.K
| | - Beatrice Bechi
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K., and Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, U.K
| | - Giorgio Carbone
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K., and Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, U.K
| | - Peter O’Brien
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K., and Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, U.K
| | - Jonathan Clayden
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K., and Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, U.K
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Fournier AM, Nichols CJ, Vincent MA, Hillier IH, Clayden J. Lithium Choreography: Intramolecular Arylations of Carbamate-Stabilised Carbanions and Their Mechanisms Probed by In Situ IR Spectroscopy and DFT Calculations. Chemistry 2012; 18:16478-90. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201201761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2012] [Revised: 08/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
26
|
Lefranc J, Fournier AM, Mingat G, Herbert S, Marcelli T, Clayden J. Intramolecular Vinylation of Secondary and Tertiary Organolithiums. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:7286-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ja301591m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julien Lefranc
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road,
Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Anne M. Fournier
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road,
Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Gaëlle Mingat
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road,
Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Simon Herbert
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road,
Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Tommaso Marcelli
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road,
Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
- Dipartimento di
Chimica, Materiali e Ingegneria Chimica “Giulio
Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, via
Mancinelli 7, 20131 Milano, Italy
| | - Jonathan Clayden
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road,
Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
|
28
|
Lu Z, Xie C, Han J, Pan Y. Tandem 1,5-migration/Michael reactions to prepare adducts of pyrazolone derivatives: protecting group-directed rearrangement. RSC Adv 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ra21549g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
|