1
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Tang LF, Jihuo WL, Shi PD, Mei CX, Zhao ZK, Chen Y, Di YT, Hao XJ, Cao M, Zhao Y, Che YY. Cytotoxic glutarimide-containing polyketides isolated from Streptomyces sp. JCM 4793. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2024:10.1038/s41429-024-00743-1. [PMID: 38816449 DOI: 10.1038/s41429-024-00743-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Glutarimide-containing polyketides usually exhibit anti-fungi activity, which was well exampled by cycloheximide. In our work, three new polyketide structures, 12-amidestreptimidone (1), 12-carboxylstreptimidone (2) and 3-(5S,8R)-(2-amino-2-oxoethyl-2'-methoxy-2'-oxoethyl)-8,10-dimethyl-7-oxododeca-5-hydroxy-9E,11-diolefin (3) were isolated from Streptomyces sp. JCM 4793. 3 without the glutarimide moiety is not active against fungi as expected, while 1 bearing the amide moiety is much more active than its carboxylic form 2. Here we report the isolation, structural elucidation, antifungal activity, and proposed biosynthesis pathway of 1-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Fang Tang
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Yunnan University of TCM, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, China
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650201, China
| | - Wu-Lai Jihuo
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Yunnan University of TCM, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, China
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650201, China
| | - Pei-Dong Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650201, China
| | - Cui-Xuan Mei
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650201, China
| | - Zi-Kang Zhao
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Yunnan University of TCM, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, China
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650201, China
| | - Yuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650201, China
| | - Ying-Tong Di
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650201, China
| | - Xiao-Jiang Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650201, China
| | - Mingming Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650201, China.
| | - Yi Zhao
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Yunnan University of TCM, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, China.
| | - Yan-Yun Che
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Yunnan University of TCM, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, China.
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2
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Mabesoone MF, Leopold-Messer S, Minas HA, Chepkirui C, Chawengrum P, Reiter S, Meoded RA, Wolf S, Genz F, Magnus N, Piechulla B, Walker AS, Piel J. Evolution-guided engineering of trans-acyltransferase polyketide synthases. Science 2024; 383:1312-1317. [PMID: 38513027 PMCID: PMC11260071 DOI: 10.1126/science.adj7621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Bacterial multimodular polyketide synthases (PKSs) are giant enzymes that generate a wide range of therapeutically important but synthetically challenging natural products. Diversification of polyketide structures can be achieved by engineering these enzymes. However, notwithstanding successes made with textbook cis-acyltransferase (cis-AT) PKSs, tailoring such large assembly lines remains challenging. Unlike textbook PKSs, trans-AT PKSs feature an extraordinary diversity of PKS modules and commonly evolve to form hybrid PKSs. In this study, we analyzed amino acid coevolution to identify a common module site that yields functional PKSs. We used this site to insert and delete diverse PKS parts and create 22 engineered trans-AT PKSs from various pathways and in two bacterial producers. The high success rates of our engineering approach highlight the broader applicability to generate complex designer polyketides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathijs F.J. Mabesoone
- Institute of Microbiology, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Leopold-Messer
- Institute of Microbiology, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Hannah A. Minas
- Institute of Microbiology, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Clara Chepkirui
- Institute of Microbiology, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Pornsuda Chawengrum
- Institute of Microbiology, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Chemical Biology Program, Chulabhorn Graduate Institute, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
| | - Silke Reiter
- Institute of Microbiology, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Roy A. Meoded
- Institute of Microbiology, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Sarah Wolf
- Institute of Microbiology, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Ferdinand Genz
- Institute of Microbiology, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Nancy Magnus
- Institute for Biological Sciences, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Straße 3, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Birgit Piechulla
- Institute for Biological Sciences, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Straße 3, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Allison S. Walker
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, 240 Longwood Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, 1234 Stevenson Center Lane, Nashville, Tennessee 37240, United States
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, 465 21st Avenue S, Nashville, Tennesee 37232, United States
| | - Jörn Piel
- Institute of Microbiology, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Lead contact
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3
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Jian X, Pang F, Hobson C, Jenner M, Alkhalaf LM, Challis GL. Antibiotic Skeletal Diversification via Differential Enoylreductase Recruitment and Module Iteration in trans-Acyltransferase Polyketide Synthases. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:6114-6124. [PMID: 38389455 PMCID: PMC10921412 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c13667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Microorganisms are remarkable chemists capable of assembling complex molecular architectures that penetrate cells and bind biomolecular targets with exquisite selectivity. Consequently, microbial natural products have wide-ranging applications in medicine and agriculture. How the "blind watchmaker" of evolution creates skeletal diversity is a key question in natural products research. Comparative analysis of biosynthetic pathways to structurally related metabolites is an insightful approach to addressing this. Here, we report comparative biosynthetic investigations of gladiolin, a polyketide antibiotic from Burkholderia gladioli with promising activity against multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and etnangien, a structurally related antibiotic produced by Sorangium cellulosum. Although these metabolites have very similar macrolide cores, their C21 side chains differ significantly in both length and degree of saturation. Surprisingly, the trans-acyltransferase polyketide synthases (PKSs) that assemble these antibiotics are almost identical, raising intriguing questions about mechanisms underlying structural diversification in this important class of biosynthetic assembly line. In vitro reconstitution of key biosynthetic transformations using simplified substrate analogues, combined with gene deletion and complementation experiments, enabled us to elucidate the origin of all the structural differences in the C21 side chains of gladiolin and etnangien. The more saturated gladiolin side chain arises from a cis-acting enoylreductase (ER) domain in module 1 and in trans recruitment of a standalone ER to module 5 of the PKS. Remarkably, module 5 of the gladiolin PKS is intrinsically iterative in the absence of the standalone ER, accounting for the longer side chain in etnangien. These findings have important implications for biosynthetic engineering approaches to the creation of novel polyketide skeletons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyun Jian
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.
- Warwick
Integrative Synthetic Biology Centre, University
of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
- ARC
Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Protein and Peptide Science, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Fang Pang
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.
| | - Christian Hobson
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.
| | - Matthew Jenner
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.
- Warwick
Integrative Synthetic Biology Centre, University
of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.
| | - Lona M. Alkhalaf
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.
| | - Gregory L. Challis
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.
- Warwick
Integrative Synthetic Biology Centre, University
of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
- ARC
Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Protein and Peptide Science, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
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4
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Roberts GW, Leys D. Structural insights into UbiD reversible decarboxylation. Curr Opin Struct Biol 2022; 75:102432. [PMID: 35843126 DOI: 10.1016/j.sbi.2022.102432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The ubiquitous UbiX-UbiD system is associated with a wide range of microbial (de)carboxylation reactions. Recent X-ray crystallographic studies have contributed to elucidating the enigmatic mechanism underpinning the conversion of α,β-unsaturated acids by this system. The UbiD component utilises a unique cofactor, prenylated flavin (prFMN), generated by the bespoke action of the associated UbiX flavin prenyltransferase. Structure determination of a range of UbiX/UbiD representatives has revealed a generic mode of action for both the flavin-to-prFMN metamorphosis and the (de)carboxylation. In contrast to the conserved UbiX, the UbiD superfamily is associated with a versatile substrate range. The latter is reflected in the considerable variety of UbiD quaternary structure, dynamic behaviour and active site architecture. Directed evolution of UbiD enzymes has taken advantage of this apparent malleability to generate new variants supporting in vivo hydrocarbon production. Other applications include coupling UbiD to carboxylic acid reductase to convert alkenes into α,β-unsaturated aldehydes via enzymatic CO2 fixation.
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Affiliation(s)
- George W Roberts
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK
| | - David Leys
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK.
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5
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Lacey HJ, Rutledge PJ. Recently Discovered Secondary Metabolites from Streptomyces Species. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27030887. [PMID: 35164153 PMCID: PMC8838263 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27030887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The Streptomyces genus has been a rich source of bioactive natural products, medicinal chemicals, and novel drug leads for three-quarters of a century. Yet studies suggest that the genus is capable of making some 150,000 more bioactive compounds than all Streptomyces secondary metabolites reported to date. Researchers around the world continue to explore this enormous potential using a range of strategies including modification of culture conditions, bioinformatics and genome mining, heterologous expression, and other approaches to cryptic biosynthetic gene cluster activation. Our survey of the recent literature, with a particular focus on the year 2020, brings together more than 70 novel secondary metabolites from Streptomyces species, which are discussed in this review. This diverse array includes cyclic and linear peptides, peptide derivatives, polyketides, terpenoids, polyaromatics, macrocycles, and furans, the isolation, chemical structures, and bioactivity of which are appraised. The discovery of these many different compounds demonstrates the continued potential of Streptomyces as a source of new and interesting natural products and contributes further important pieces to the mostly unfinished puzzle of Earth’s myriad microbes and their multifaceted chemical output.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather J. Lacey
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- Microbial Screening Technologies, Smithfield, Sydney, NSW 2164, Australia
- Correspondence: (H.J.L.); (P.J.R.); Tel.: +61-2-9351-5020 (P.J.R)
| | - Peter J. Rutledge
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- Correspondence: (H.J.L.); (P.J.R.); Tel.: +61-2-9351-5020 (P.J.R)
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6
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Bloor S, Michurin I, Titchiner GR, Leys D. Prenylated flavins: structures and mechanisms. FEBS J 2022; 290:2232-2245. [PMID: 35073609 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The UbiX/UbiD system is widespread in microbes and responsible for the reversible decarboxylation of unsaturated carboxylic acids. The UbiD enzyme catalyzes this unusual reaction using a prenylated flavin (prFMN) as cofactor, the latter formed by the flavin prenyltransferase UbiX. A detailed picture of the biochemistry of flavin prenylation, oxidative maturation, and covalent catalysis underpinning reversible decarboxylation is emerging. This reveals the prFMN cofactor can undergo a wide range of transformations, complemented by considerable UbiD-variability. These provide a blueprint for biotechnological applications aimed at producing hydrocarbons or aromatic C-H activation through carboxylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Bloor
- Department of Chemistry, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, UK
| | | | | | - David Leys
- Department of Chemistry, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, UK
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7
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Jiang M, Xu X, Song J, Li D, Han L, Sun X, Guo L, Xiang W, Zhao J, Wang X. Streptomyces botrytidirepellens sp. nov., a novel actinomycete with antifungal activity against Botrytis cinerea. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2021; 71. [PMID: 34520340 DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.005004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The fungal pathogen Botrytis cinerea is the causal agent of devastating gray mold diseases in many economically important fruits, vegetables, and flowers, leading to serious economic losses worldwide. In this study, a novel actinomycete NEAU-LD23T exhibiting antifungal activity against B. cinerea was isolated, and its taxonomic position was evaluated using a polyphasic approach. Based on the genotypic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic data, it is concluded that the strain represents a novel species within the genus Streptomyces, for which the name Streptomyces botrytidirepellens sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is NEAU-LD23T (=CCTCC AA 2019029T=DSM 109824T). In addition, strain NEAU-LD23T showed a strong antagonistic effect against B. cinerea (82.6±2.5%) and varying degrees of inhibition on nine other phytopathogenic fungi. Both cell-free filtrate and methanol extract of mycelia of strain NEAU-LD23T significantly inhibited mycelial growth of B. cinerea. To preliminarily explore the antifungal mechanisms, the genome of strain NEAU-LD23T was sequenced and analyzed. AntiSMASH analysis led to the identification of several gene clusters responsible for the biosynthesis of bioactive secondary metabolites with antifungal activity, including 9-methylstreptimidone, echosides, anisomycin, coelichelin and desferrioxamine B. Overall, this research provided us an excellent strain with considerable potential to use for biological control of tomato gray mold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengqi Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology of Heilongjiang Province, Northeast Agricultural University, Xiangfang, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Xi Xu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology of Heilongjiang Province, Northeast Agricultural University, Xiangfang, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Jia Song
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology of Heilongjiang Province, Northeast Agricultural University, Xiangfang, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Dongmei Li
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology of Heilongjiang Province, Northeast Agricultural University, Xiangfang, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Liyuan Han
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology of Heilongjiang Province, Northeast Agricultural University, Xiangfang, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Xiujun Sun
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology of Heilongjiang Province, Northeast Agricultural University, Xiangfang, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Lifeng Guo
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology of Heilongjiang Province, Northeast Agricultural University, Xiangfang, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Wensheng Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology of Heilongjiang Province, Northeast Agricultural University, Xiangfang, Harbin 150030, PR China.,State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Junwei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology of Heilongjiang Province, Northeast Agricultural University, Xiangfang, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Xiangjing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology of Heilongjiang Province, Northeast Agricultural University, Xiangfang, Harbin 150030, PR China
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8
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Kusuma AB, Nouioui I, Goodfellow M. Genome-based classification of the Streptomyces violaceusniger clade and description of Streptomyces sabulosicollis sp. nov. from an Indonesian sand dune. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 2021; 114:859-873. [PMID: 33797685 PMCID: PMC8137480 DOI: 10.1007/s10482-021-01564-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A polyphasic study was designed to determine the taxonomic provenance of a strain, isolate PRKS01-29T, recovered from an Indonesian sand dune and provisionally assigned to the Streptomyces violaceusniger clade. Genomic, genotypic and phenotypic data confirmed this classification. The isolate formed an extensively branched substrate mycelium which carried aerial hyphae that differentiated into spiral chains of rugose ornamented spores, contained LL-as the wall diaminopimelic acid, MK-9 (H6, H8) as predominant isoprenologues, phosphatidylethanolamine as the diagnostic phospholipid and major proportions of saturated, iso- and anteiso- fatty acids. Whole-genome sequences generated for the isolate and Streptomyces albiflaviniger DSM 41598T and Streptomyces javensis DSM 41764T were compared with phylogenetically closely related strains, the isolate formed a branch within the S. violaceusniger clade in the resultant phylogenomic tree. Whole-genome sequences data showed that isolate PRKS01-29T was most closely related to the S. albiflaviniger strain but was distinguished from the latter and from other members of the clade using combinations of phenotypic properties and average nucleotide identity and digital DNA:DNA hybridization scores. Consequently, it is proposed that isolate PRKS01-29T (= CCMM B1303T = ICEBB-02T = NCIMB 15210T) should be classified in the genus Streptomyces as Streptomyces sabulosicollis sp. nov. It is also clear that streptomycetes which produce spiral chains of rugose ornamented spores form a well-defined monophyletic clade in the Streptomyces phylogenomic tree., the taxonomic status of which requires further study. The genome of the type strain of S. sabulosicollis contains biosynthetic gene clusters predicted to produce new natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali B Kusuma
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Ridley Building 2, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK.
- Indonesian Centre for Extremophile Bioresources and Biotechnology (ICEBB), Faculty of Biotechnology, Sumbawa University of Technology, Sumbawa Besar, 84371, Indonesia.
| | - Imen Nouioui
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Ridley Building 2, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
- Leibniz-Institut DSMZ - German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Inhoffenstraße 7B, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Michael Goodfellow
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Ridley Building 2, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
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9
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Kačar D, Cañedo LM, Rodríguez P, González EG, Galán B, Schleissner C, Leopold-Messer S, Piel J, Cuevas C, de la Calle F, García JL. Identification of trans-AT polyketide clusters in two marine bacteria reveals cryptic similarities between distinct symbiosis factors. Environ Microbiol 2021; 23:2509-2521. [PMID: 33734547 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.15470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Glutarimide-containing polyketides are known as potent antitumoral and antimetastatic agents. The associated gene clusters have only been identified in a few Streptomyces producers and Burkholderia gladioli symbiont. The new glutarimide-family polyketides, denominated sesbanimides D, E and F along with the previously known sesbanimide A and C, were isolated from two marine alphaproteobacteria Stappia indica PHM037 and Labrenzia aggregata PHM038. Structures of the isolated compounds were elucidated based on 1D and 2D homo and heteronuclear NMR analyses and ESI-MS spectrometry. All compounds exhibited strong antitumor activity in lung, breast and colorectal cancer cell lines. Subsequent whole genome sequencing and genome mining revealed the presence of the trans-AT PKS gene cluster responsible for the sesbanimide biosynthesis, described as sbn cluster. Strikingly, the modular architecture of downstream mixed type PKS/NRPS, SbnQ, revealed high similarity to PedH in pederin and Lab13 in labrenzin gene clusters, although those clusters are responsible for the production of structurally completely different molecules. The unexpected presence of SbnQ homologues in unrelated polyketide gene clusters across phylogenetically distant bacteria, raises intriguing questions about the evolutionary relationship between glutarimide-like and pederin-like pathways, as well as the functionality of their synthetic products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina Kačar
- Department of Microbial and Plant Biotechnology, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, Agencia Estatal Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Librada M Cañedo
- Research and Development Department, PharmaMar S.A., Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar Rodríguez
- Research and Development Department, PharmaMar S.A., Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena G González
- Research and Development Department, PharmaMar S.A., Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Galán
- Department of Microbial and Plant Biotechnology, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, Agencia Estatal Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Carmen Cuevas
- Research and Development Department, PharmaMar S.A., Madrid, Spain
| | | | - José L García
- Department of Microbial and Plant Biotechnology, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, Agencia Estatal Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
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10
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Payne KAP, Marshall SA, Fisher K, Rigby SEJ, Cliff MJ, Spiess R, Cannas DM, Larrosa I, Hay S, Leys D. Structure and Mechanism of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA0254/HudA, a prFMN-Dependent Pyrrole-2-carboxylic Acid Decarboxylase Linked to Virulence. ACS Catal 2021; 11:2865-2878. [PMID: 33763291 PMCID: PMC7976604 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c05042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The UbiD family of reversible (de)carboxylases depends on the recently discovered prenylated-FMN (prFMN) cofactor for activity. The model enzyme ferulic acid decarboxylase (Fdc1) decarboxylates unsaturated aliphatic acids via a reversible 1,3-cycloaddition process. Protein engineering has extended the Fdc1 substrate range to include (hetero)aromatic acids, although catalytic rates remain poor. This raises the question how efficient decarboxylation of (hetero)aromatic acids is achieved by other UbiD family members. Here, we show that the Pseudomonas aeruginosa virulence attenuation factor PA0254/HudA is a pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid decarboxylase. The crystal structure of the enzyme in the presence of the reversible inhibitor imidazole reveals a covalent prFMN-imidazole adduct is formed. Substrate screening reveals HudA and selected active site variants can accept a modest range of heteroaromatic compounds, including thiophene-2-carboxylic acid. Together with computational studies, our data suggests prFMN covalent catalysis occurs via electrophilic aromatic substitution and links HudA activity with the inhibitory effects of pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid on P. aeruginosa quorum sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl A. P. Payne
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen A. Marshall
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, United Kingdom
| | - Karl Fisher
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen E. J. Rigby
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew J. Cliff
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, United Kingdom
| | - Reynard Spiess
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, United Kingdom
| | - Diego M. Cannas
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Chemistry Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Igor Larrosa
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Chemistry Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Sam Hay
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, United Kingdom
| | - David Leys
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, United Kingdom
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11
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Messiha HL, Payne KAP, Scrutton NS, Leys D. A Biological Route to Conjugated Alkenes: Microbial Production of Hepta-1,3,5-triene. ACS Synth Biol 2021; 10:228-235. [PMID: 33535752 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.0c00464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Conjugated alkenes such as dienes and polyenes have a range of applications as pharmaceutical agents and valuable building blocks in the polymer industry. Development of a renewable route to these compounds provides an alternative to fossil fuel derived production. The enzyme family of the UbiD decarboxylases offers substantial scope for alkene production, readily converting poly unsaturated acids. However, biochemical pathways producing the required substrates are poorly characterized, and UbiD-application has hitherto been limited to biological styrene production. Herein, we present a proof-of-principle study for microbial production of polyenes using a bioinspired strategy employing a polyketide synthase (PKS) in combination with a UbiD-enzyme. Deconstructing a bacterial iterative type II PKS enabled repurposing the broad-spectrum antibiotic andrimid biosynthesis pathway to access the metabolic intermediate 2,4,6-octatrienoic acid, a valuable chemical for material and pharmaceutical industry. Combination with the fungal ferulic acid decarboxylase (Fdc1) led to a biocatalytic cascade-type reaction for the production of hepta-1,3,5-triene in vivo. Our approach provides a novel route to generate unsaturated hydrocarbons and related chemicals and provides a blue-print for future development and application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanan L. Messiha
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, United Kingdom
| | - Karl A. P. Payne
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, United Kingdom
- Future Biomanufacturing Research Hub (Future BRH), Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, United Kingdom
| | - Nigel S. Scrutton
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, United Kingdom
- Future Biomanufacturing Research Hub (Future BRH), Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, United Kingdom
| | - David Leys
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, United Kingdom
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12
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Niehs SP, Kumpfmüller J, Dose B, Little RF, Ishida K, Flórez LV, Kaltenpoth M, Hertweck C. Insect-Associated Bacteria Assemble the Antifungal Butenolide Gladiofungin by Non-Canonical Polyketide Chain Termination. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:23122-23126. [PMID: 32588959 PMCID: PMC7756420 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202005711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Genome mining of one of the protective symbionts (Burkholderia gladioli) of the invasive beetle Lagria villosa revealed a cryptic gene cluster that codes for the biosynthesis of a novel antifungal polyketide with a glutarimide pharmacophore. Targeted gene inactivation, metabolic profiling, and bioassays led to the discovery of the gladiofungins as previously-overlooked components of the antimicrobial armory of the beetle symbiont, which are highly active against the entomopathogenic fungus Purpureocillium lilacinum. By mutational analyses, isotope labeling, and computational analyses of the modular polyketide synthase, we found that the rare butenolide moiety of gladiofungins derives from an unprecedented polyketide chain termination reaction involving a glycerol-derived C3 building block. The key role of an A-factor synthase (AfsA)-like offloading domain was corroborated by CRISPR-Cas-mediated gene editing, which facilitated precise excision within a PKS domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah P. Niehs
- Department of Biomolecular ChemistryLeibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, HKIBeutenbergstr. 11a07745JenaGermany
| | - Jana Kumpfmüller
- Department of Biomolecular ChemistryLeibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, HKIBeutenbergstr. 11a07745JenaGermany
| | - Benjamin Dose
- Department of Biomolecular ChemistryLeibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, HKIBeutenbergstr. 11a07745JenaGermany
| | - Rory F. Little
- Department of Biomolecular ChemistryLeibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, HKIBeutenbergstr. 11a07745JenaGermany
| | - Keishi Ishida
- Department of Biomolecular ChemistryLeibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, HKIBeutenbergstr. 11a07745JenaGermany
| | - Laura V. Flórez
- Department for Evolutionary EcologyInstitute of Organismic and Molecular EvolutionJohannes Gutenberg University MainzHanns-Dieter-Hüsch-Weg 1555128MainzGermany
| | - Martin Kaltenpoth
- Department for Evolutionary EcologyInstitute of Organismic and Molecular EvolutionJohannes Gutenberg University MainzHanns-Dieter-Hüsch-Weg 1555128MainzGermany
| | - Christian Hertweck
- Department of Biomolecular ChemistryLeibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, HKIBeutenbergstr. 11a07745JenaGermany
- Faculty of Biological SciencesFriedrich Schiller University Jena07743JenaGermany
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13
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Nakou IT, Jenner M, Dashti Y, Romero‐Canelón I, Masschelein J, Mahenthiralingam E, Challis GL. Genomics-Driven Discovery of a Novel Glutarimide Antibiotic from Burkholderia gladioli Reveals an Unusual Polyketide Synthase Chain Release Mechanism. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:23145-23153. [PMID: 32918852 PMCID: PMC7756379 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202009007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
A gene cluster encoding a cryptic trans‐acyl transferase polyketide synthase (PKS) was identified in the genomes of Burkholderia gladioli BCC0238 and BCC1622, both isolated from the lungs of cystic fibrosis patients. Bioinfomatics analyses indicated the PKS assembles a novel member of the glutarimide class of antibiotics, hitherto only isolated from Streptomyces species. Screening of a range of growth parameters led to the identification of gladiostatin, the metabolic product of the PKS. NMR spectroscopic analysis revealed that gladiostatin, which has promising activity against several human cancer cell lines and inhibits tumor cell migration, contains an unusual 2‐acyl‐4‐hydroxy‐3‐methylbutenolide in addition to the glutarimide pharmacophore. An AfsA‐like domain at the C‐terminus of the PKS was shown to catalyze condensation of 3‐ketothioesters with dihydroxyacetone phosphate, thus indicating it plays a key role in polyketide chain release and butenolide formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioanna T. Nakou
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of WarwickCoventryCV4 7ALUK
| | - Matthew Jenner
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of WarwickCoventryCV4 7ALUK
- Warwick Integrative Synthetic Biology CentreUniversity of WarwickCoventryCV4 7ALUK
| | - Yousef Dashti
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of WarwickCoventryCV4 7ALUK
- Current Address: The Centre for Bacterial Cell Biology, Biosciences InstituteMedical SchoolNewcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneNE2 4AXUK
| | - Isolda Romero‐Canelón
- Institute of Clinical SciencesSchool of PharmacyUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamB15 2TTUK
| | - Joleen Masschelein
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of WarwickCoventryCV4 7ALUK
- Current Address: Laboratory for Biomolecular Discovery &, EngineeringVIB-KU Leuven Center for MicrobiologyDepartment of BiologyKU Leuven3001LeuvenBelgium
| | - Eshwar Mahenthiralingam
- Organisms and Environment DivisionCardiff School of BiosciencesCardiff UniversityCardiffCF10 3ATUK
| | - Gregory L. Challis
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of WarwickCoventryCV4 7ALUK
- Warwick Integrative Synthetic Biology CentreUniversity of WarwickCoventryCV4 7ALUK
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyARC Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein ScienceMonash UniversityVictoria3800Australia
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14
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Nakou IT, Jenner M, Dashti Y, Romero‐Canelón I, Masschelein J, Mahenthiralingam E, Challis GL. Genomics‐Driven Discovery of a Novel Glutarimide Antibiotic from
Burkholderia gladioli
Reveals an Unusual Polyketide Synthase Chain Release Mechanism. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202009007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ioanna T. Nakou
- Department of Chemistry University of Warwick Coventry CV4 7AL UK
| | - Matthew Jenner
- Department of Chemistry University of Warwick Coventry CV4 7AL UK
- Warwick Integrative Synthetic Biology Centre University of Warwick Coventry CV4 7AL UK
| | - Yousef Dashti
- Department of Chemistry University of Warwick Coventry CV4 7AL UK
- Current Address: The Centre for Bacterial Cell Biology, Biosciences Institute Medical School Newcastle University Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4AX UK
| | - Isolda Romero‐Canelón
- Institute of Clinical Sciences School of Pharmacy University of Birmingham Birmingham B15 2TT UK
| | - Joleen Masschelein
- Department of Chemistry University of Warwick Coventry CV4 7AL UK
- Current Address: Laboratory for Biomolecular Discovery &, Engineering VIB-KU Leuven Center for Microbiology Department of Biology KU Leuven 3001 Leuven Belgium
| | - Eshwar Mahenthiralingam
- Organisms and Environment Division Cardiff School of Biosciences Cardiff University Cardiff CF10 3AT UK
| | - Gregory L. Challis
- Department of Chemistry University of Warwick Coventry CV4 7AL UK
- Warwick Integrative Synthetic Biology Centre University of Warwick Coventry CV4 7AL UK
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology ARC Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science Monash University Victoria 3800 Australia
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15
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Niehs SP, Kumpfmüller J, Dose B, Little RF, Ishida K, Flórez LV, Kaltenpoth M, Hertweck C. Insect‐Associated Bacteria Assemble the Antifungal Butenolide Gladiofungin by Non‐Canonical Polyketide Chain Termination. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202005711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah P. Niehs
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, HKI Beutenbergstr. 11a 07745 Jena Germany
| | - Jana Kumpfmüller
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, HKI Beutenbergstr. 11a 07745 Jena Germany
| | - Benjamin Dose
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, HKI Beutenbergstr. 11a 07745 Jena Germany
| | - Rory F. Little
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, HKI Beutenbergstr. 11a 07745 Jena Germany
| | - Keishi Ishida
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, HKI Beutenbergstr. 11a 07745 Jena Germany
| | - Laura V. Flórez
- Department for Evolutionary Ecology Institute of Organismic and Molecular Evolution Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz Hanns-Dieter-Hüsch-Weg 15 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Martin Kaltenpoth
- Department for Evolutionary Ecology Institute of Organismic and Molecular Evolution Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz Hanns-Dieter-Hüsch-Weg 15 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Christian Hertweck
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, HKI Beutenbergstr. 11a 07745 Jena Germany
- Faculty of Biological Sciences Friedrich Schiller University Jena 07743 Jena Germany
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16
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Abstract
The reversible (de)carboxylation of unsaturated carboxylic acids is carried out by the UbiX-UbiD system, ubiquitously present in microbes. The biochemical basis of this challenging reaction has recently been uncovered by the discovery of the UbiD cofactor, prenylated FMN (prFMN). This heavily modified flavin is synthesized by the flavin prenyltransferase UbiX, which catalyzes the non-metal dependent prenyl transfer from dimethylallyl(pyro)phosphate (DMAP(P)) to the flavin N5 and C6 positions, creating a fourth non-aromatic ring. Following prenylation, prFMN undergoes oxidative maturation to form the iminium species required for UbiD activity. prFMNiminium acts as a prostethic group and is bound via metal ion mediated interactions between UbiD and the prFMNiminium phosphate moiety. The modified isoalloxazine ring is place adjacent to the E(D)-R-E UbiD signature sequent motif. The fungal ferulic acid decarboxylase Fdc from Aspergillus niger has emerged as a UbiD-model system, and has yielded atomic level insight into the prFMNiminium mediated (de)carboxylation. A wealth of data now supports a mechanism reliant on reversible 1,3 dipolar cycloaddition between substrate and cofactor for this enzyme. This poses the intriguing question whether a similar mechanism is used by all UbiD enzymes, especially those that act as carboxylases on inherently more difficult substrates such as phenylphosphate or benzene/naphthalene. Indeed, considerable variability in terms of oligomerization, domain motion and active site structure is now reported for the UbiD family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annica Saaret
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Arune Balaikaite
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - David Leys
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom.
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17
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Lee B, Son S, Lee JK, Jang M, Heo KT, Ko SK, Park DJ, Park CS, Kim CJ, Ahn JS, Hwang BY, Jang JH, Hong YS. Isolation of new streptimidone derivatives, glutarimide antibiotics from Streptomyces sp. W3002 using LC-MS-guided screening. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2019; 73:184-188. [PMID: 31853030 DOI: 10.1038/s41429-019-0264-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A LC-MS-guided screening led to the isolation of two new streptimidone derivatives (2 and 3) containing a glutarimide ring and two glutarimide ring-opened compounds (4 and 5) along with a known glutarimide-containing polyketide, streptimidone (1) from Streptomyces sp. W3002 strain. Their structures were elucidated by MS and NMR spectroscopic analyses and by comparison with data from the literature. Compound 2 is a non-hydroxylated analog at the C-5 position of streptimidone. The structure of 3 was determined as a streptimidone derivative possessing the α, β-unsaturated ketone moiety at positions C-5 and C-6. Compound 4 had similar chemical shifts and splitting patterns with 3, but the glutarimide ring is opened. Compound 5 closely resembles that of 4 with the only difference being the existence of an additional methoxy group instead of an amide group. Streptimidone (1) and 3 showed weak cytotoxic activity against three human cancer cell lines, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byeongsan Lee
- Anticancer Agent Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju, 28116, Korea.,College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 28160, Korea
| | - Sangkeun Son
- Anticancer Agent Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju, 28116, Korea
| | - Jae Kyoung Lee
- Anticancer Agent Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju, 28116, Korea
| | - Mina Jang
- Anticancer Agent Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju, 28116, Korea.,KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34141, Korea
| | - Kyung Taek Heo
- Anticancer Agent Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju, 28116, Korea.,KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34141, Korea
| | - Sung-Kyun Ko
- Anticancer Agent Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju, 28116, Korea.,KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34141, Korea
| | - Dong-Jin Park
- Industrial Bio-materials Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon, 34141, Korea
| | - Chan Sun Park
- Immunoregulatory Materials Research Center, KRIBB, Jeongeup, 56212, Korea
| | - Chang-Jin Kim
- KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34141, Korea.,Industrial Bio-materials Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon, 34141, Korea
| | - Jong Seog Ahn
- Anticancer Agent Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju, 28116, Korea
| | - Bang Yeon Hwang
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 28160, Korea
| | - Jae-Hyuk Jang
- Anticancer Agent Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju, 28116, Korea.,KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34141, Korea
| | - Young-Soo Hong
- Anticancer Agent Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju, 28116, Korea. .,KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34141, Korea.
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18
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Zhang D, Yi W, Ge H, Zhang Z, Wu B. Bioactive Streptoglutarimides A-J from the Marine-Derived Streptomyces sp. ZZ741. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2019; 82:2800-2808. [PMID: 31584271 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.9b00481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The new streptoglutarimides A-J (1-10) and the known streptovitacin A (11) were isolated from a marine-derived actinomycete, Streptomyces sp. ZZ741. Structures of the isolated compounds were elucidated based on their HRESIMS data, extensive NMR spectroscopic analyses, ECD calculations, Mosher's method, and a single-crystal X-ray diffraction experiment. Streptoglutarimide H (8) and streptovitacin A (11) showed potent antiproliferative activity against human glioma U87MG and U251 cells with IC50 values of 1.5-3.8 μM for 8 and 0.05-0.22 μM for 11. All isolated compounds exhibited antimicrobial activity with MIC values of 9-11 μg/mL against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, 8-12 μg/mL against Escherichia coli, and 8-20 μg/mL against Candida albicans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Zhang
- Ocean College, Zhoushan Campus , Zhejiang University , Zhoushan 316021 , People's Republic of China
| | - Wenwen Yi
- Ocean College, Zhoushan Campus , Zhejiang University , Zhoushan 316021 , People's Republic of China
| | - Hengju Ge
- Ocean College, Zhoushan Campus , Zhejiang University , Zhoushan 316021 , People's Republic of China
| | - Zhizhen Zhang
- Ocean College, Zhoushan Campus , Zhejiang University , Zhoushan 316021 , People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Wu
- Ocean College, Zhoushan Campus , Zhejiang University , Zhoushan 316021 , People's Republic of China
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19
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Payer SE, Faber K, Glueck SM. Non-Oxidative Enzymatic (De)Carboxylation of (Hetero)Aromatics and Acrylic Acid Derivatives. Adv Synth Catal 2019; 361:2402-2420. [PMID: 31379472 PMCID: PMC6644310 DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201900275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The utilization of carbon dioxide as a C1-building block for the production of valuable chemicals has recently attracted much interest. Whereas chemical CO2 fixation is dominated by C-O and C-N bond forming reactions, the development of novel concepts for the carboxylation of C-nucleophiles, which leads to the formation of carboxylic acids, is highly desired. Beside transition metal catalysis, biocatalysis has emerged as an attractive method for the highly regioselective (de)carboxylation of electron-rich (hetero)aromatics, which has been recently further expanded to include conjugated α,β-unsaturated (acrylic) acid derivatives. Depending on the type of substrate, different classes of enzymes have been explored for (i) the ortho-carboxylation of phenols catalyzed by metal-dependent ortho-benzoic acid decarboxylases and (ii) the side-chain carboxylation of para-hydroxystyrenes mediated by metal-independent phenolic acid decarboxylases. Just recently, the portfolio of bio-carboxylation reactions was complemented by (iii) the para-carboxylation of phenols and the decarboxylation of electron-rich heterocyclic and acrylic acid derivatives mediated by prenylated FMN-dependent decarboxylases, which is the main focus of this review. Bio(de)carboxylation processes proceed under physiological reaction conditions employing bicarbonate or (pressurized) CO2 when running in the energetically uphill carboxylation direction. Aiming to facilitate the application of these enzymes in preparative-scale biotransformations, their catalytic mechanism and substrate scope are analyzed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan E. Payer
- Institute of ChemistryUniversity of GrazHeinrichstrasse 288010GrazAustria
| | - Kurt Faber
- Institute of ChemistryUniversity of GrazHeinrichstrasse 288010GrazAustria
| | - Silvia M. Glueck
- Institute of ChemistryUniversity of GrazHeinrichstrasse 288010GrazAustria
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20
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Marshall SA, Payne KAP, Fisher K, White MD, Ní Cheallaigh A, Balaikaite A, Rigby SEJ, Leys D. The UbiX flavin prenyltransferase reaction mechanism resembles class I terpene cyclase chemistry. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2357. [PMID: 31142738 PMCID: PMC6541611 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10220-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The UbiX-UbiD enzymes are widespread in microbes, acting in concert to decarboxylate alpha-beta unsaturated carboxylic acids using a highly modified flavin cofactor, prenylated FMN (prFMN). UbiX serves as the flavin prenyltransferase, extending the isoalloxazine ring system with a fourth non-aromatic ring, derived from sequential linkage between a dimethylallyl moiety and the FMN N5 and C6. Using structure determination and solution studies of both dimethylallyl monophosphate (DMAP) and dimethyallyl pyrophosphate (DMAPP) dependent UbiX enzymes, we reveal the first step, N5-C1' bond formation, is contingent on the presence of a dimethylallyl substrate moiety. Hence, an SN1 mechanism similar to other prenyltransferases is proposed. Selected variants of the (pyro)phosphate binding site are unable to catalyse subsequent Friedel-Crafts alkylation of the flavin C6, but can be rescued by addition of (pyro)phosphate. Thus, retention of the (pyro)phosphate leaving group is required for C6-C3' bond formation, resembling pyrophosphate initiated class I terpene cyclase reaction chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen A Marshall
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK
| | - Karl A P Payne
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK
| | - Karl Fisher
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK
| | - Mark D White
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Aisling Ní Cheallaigh
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK
- Centre for Synthesis and Chemical Biology, University College Dublin, Dublin, D04 V1W8, Ireland
| | - Arune Balaikaite
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK
| | - Stephen E J Rigby
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK
| | - David Leys
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK.
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21
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Abstract
Enzymes that catalyze a Michael-type addition in polyketide biosynthesis are summarized and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akimasa Miyanaga
- Department of Chemistry
- Tokyo Institute of Technology
- Tokyo 152-8551
- Japan
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22
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Leys D. Flavin metamorphosis: cofactor transformation through prenylation. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2018; 47:117-125. [PMID: 30326424 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2018.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Revised: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Prenylated flavin (prFMN) is a recently discovered cofactor that underpins catalysis in the ubiquitous microbial UbiDX system. UbiX acts as a flavin prenyltransferase while UbiD is a prFMN-dependent reversible (de)carboxylase. The extensive modification of flavin by prenylation, and the consecutive oxidation to the prFMNiminium azomethine ylide, leads to cofactor metamorphosis. While prFMN is no longer able to perform N5-based classical flavin chemistry, it is capable of forming cycloadducts with dipolarophiles, long-lived C4a-based radical species as well as undergoing extensive light driven isomerization. An ever-expanding range of distinct prFMN forms hints at the possibility of novel prFMN driven biochemistry yet to be discovered.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Leys
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street Manchester, M1 7DN, UK.
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23
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Modified mevalonate pathway of the archaeon Aeropyrum pernix proceeds via trans-anhydromevalonate 5-phosphate. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:10034-10039. [PMID: 30224495 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1809154115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The modified mevalonate pathway is believed to be the upstream biosynthetic route for isoprenoids in general archaea. The partially identified pathway has been proposed to explain a mystery surrounding the lack of phosphomevalonate kinase and diphosphomevalonate decarboxylase by the discovery of a conserved enzyme, isopentenyl phosphate kinase. Phosphomevalonate decarboxylase was considered to be the missing link that would fill the vacancy in the pathway between mevalonate 5-phosphate and isopentenyl phosphate. This enzyme was recently discovered from haloarchaea and certain Chroloflexi bacteria, but their enzymes are close homologs of diphosphomevalonate decarboxylase, which are absent in most archaea. In this study, we used comparative genomic analysis to find two enzymes from a hyperthermophilic archaeon, Aeropyrum pernix, that can replace phosphomevalonate decarboxylase. One enzyme, which has been annotated as putative aconitase, catalyzes the dehydration of mevalonate 5-phosphate to form a previously unknown intermediate, trans-anhydromevalonate 5-phosphate. Then, another enzyme belonging to the UbiD-decarboxylase family, which likely requires a UbiX-like partner, converts the intermediate into isopentenyl phosphate. Their activities were confirmed by in vitro assay with recombinant enzymes and were also detected in cell-free extract from A. pernix These data distinguish the modified mevalonate pathway of A. pernix and likely, of the majority of archaea from all known mevalonate pathways, such as the eukaryote-type classical pathway, the haloarchaea-type modified pathway, and another modified pathway recently discovered from Thermoplasma acidophilum.
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24
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The UbiX-UbiD system: The biosynthesis and use of prenylated flavin (prFMN). Arch Biochem Biophys 2017; 632:209-221. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2017.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Revised: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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25
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Zhang B, Xu Z, Teng Q, Pan G, Ma M, Shen B. A Long-Range Acting Dehydratase Domain as the Missing Link for C17-Dehydration in Iso-Migrastatin Biosynthesis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:7247-7251. [PMID: 28464455 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201703588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The dehydratase domains (DHs) of the iso-migrastatin (iso-MGS) polyketide synthase (PKS) were investigated by systematic inactivation of the DHs in module-6, -9, -10 of MgsF (i.e., DH6, DH9, DH10) and module-11 of MgsG (i.e., DH11) in vivo, followed by structural characterization of the metabolites accumulated by the mutants, and biochemical characterization of DH10 in vitro, using polyketide substrate mimics with varying chain lengths. These studies allowed us to assign the functions for all four DHs, identifying DH10 as the dedicated dehydratase that catalyzes the dehydration of the C17 hydroxy group during iso-MGS biosynthesis. In contrast to canonical DHs that catalyze dehydration of the β-hydroxy groups of the nascent polyketide intermediates, DH10 acts in a long-range manner that is unprecedented for type I PKSs, a novel dehydration mechanism that could be exploited for polyketide structural diversity by combinatorial biosynthesis and synthetic biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, 33458, USA
| | - Zhengren Xu
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, 33458, USA
| | - Qihui Teng
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, 33458, USA
| | - Guohui Pan
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, 33458, USA
| | - Ming Ma
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, 33458, USA
| | - Ben Shen
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, 33458, USA.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Natural Products Library Initiative, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, 33458, USA
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Zhang B, Xu Z, Teng Q, Pan G, Ma M, Shen B. A Long-Range Acting Dehydratase Domain as the Missing Link for C17-Dehydration in Iso-Migrastatin Biosynthesis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201703588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhang
- Department of Chemistry; The Scripps Research Institute; Jupiter FL 33458 USA
| | - Zhengren Xu
- Department of Chemistry; The Scripps Research Institute; Jupiter FL 33458 USA
| | - Qihui Teng
- Department of Chemistry; The Scripps Research Institute; Jupiter FL 33458 USA
| | - Guohui Pan
- Department of Chemistry; The Scripps Research Institute; Jupiter FL 33458 USA
| | - Ming Ma
- Department of Chemistry; The Scripps Research Institute; Jupiter FL 33458 USA
| | - Ben Shen
- Department of Chemistry; The Scripps Research Institute; Jupiter FL 33458 USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Natural Products Library Initiative; The Scripps Research Institute; Jupiter FL 33458 USA
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27
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Pang B, Wang M, Liu W. Cyclization of polyketides and non-ribosomal peptides on and off their assembly lines. Nat Prod Rep 2016; 33:162-73. [PMID: 26604034 DOI: 10.1039/c5np00095e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Modular polyketide synthases (PKSs) and non-ribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPSs) are multifunctional megaenzymes that serve as templates to program the assembly of short carboxylic acids and amino acids in a primarily co-linear manner. The variation, combination, permutation and evolution of their functional units (e.g., modules, domains and proteins) along with their association with external enzymes have resulted in the generation of numerous versions of templates, the roles of which have not been fully recognized in the structural diversification of polyketides, non-ribosomal peptides and their hybrids present in nature. In this Highlight, we focus on the assembly-line enzymology and associated chemistry by providing examples of some newly characterized cyclization reactions that occur on and off the assembly lines during and after chain elongation for the purpose of elucidating the template effects of PKSs and NRPSs. A fundamental understanding of the underlying biosynthetic logic would facilitate the elucidation of chemical information contained within the PKS or NRPS templates and benefit the development of strategies for genome mining, biosynthesis-inspired chemical synthesis and combinatorial biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Pang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Min Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Wen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China. and Huzhou Center of Bio-Synthetic Innovation, 1366 Hongfeng Road, Huzhou 313000, China
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28
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Stulberg ER, Lozano GL, Morin JB, Park H, Baraban EG, Mlot C, Heffelfinger C, Phillips GM, Rush JS, Phillips AJ, Broderick NA, Thomas MG, Stabb EV, Handelsman J. Genomic and Secondary Metabolite Analyses of Streptomyces sp. 2AW Provide Insight into the Evolution of the Cycloheximide Pathway. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:573. [PMID: 27199910 PMCID: PMC4853412 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The dearth of new antibiotics in the face of widespread antimicrobial resistance makes developing innovative strategies for discovering new antibiotics critical for the future management of infectious disease. Understanding the genetics and evolution of antibiotic producers will help guide the discovery and bioengineering of novel antibiotics. We discovered an isolate in Alaskan boreal forest soil that had broad antimicrobial activity. We elucidated the corresponding antimicrobial natural products and sequenced the genome of this isolate, designated Streptomyces sp. 2AW. This strain illustrates the chemical virtuosity typical of the Streptomyces genus, producing cycloheximide as well as two other biosynthetically unrelated antibiotics, neutramycin, and hygromycin A. Combining bioinformatic and chemical analyses, we identified the gene clusters responsible for antibiotic production. Interestingly, 2AW appears dissimilar from other cycloheximide producers in that the gene encoding the polyketide synthase resides on a separate part of the chromosome from the genes responsible for tailoring cycloheximide-specific modifications. This gene arrangement and our phylogenetic analyses of the gene products suggest that 2AW holds an evolutionarily ancestral lineage of the cycloheximide pathway. Our analyses support the hypothesis that the 2AW glutaramide gene cluster is basal to the lineage wherein cycloheximide production diverged from other glutarimide antibiotics. This study illustrates the power of combining modern biochemical and genomic analyses to gain insight into the evolution of antibiotic-producing microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth R Stulberg
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Gabriel L Lozano
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jesse B Morin
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Hyunjun Park
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison Madison, WI, USA
| | - Ezra G Baraban
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Christine Mlot
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison Madison, WI, USA
| | | | | | - Jason S Rush
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - Nichole A Broderick
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Michael G Thomas
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison Madison, WI, USA
| | - Eric V Stabb
- Department of Microbiology, University of Georgia Athens, GA, USA
| | - Jo Handelsman
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University New Haven, CT, USA
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Sundaram S, Hertweck C. On-line enzymatic tailoring of polyketides and peptides in thiotemplate systems. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2016; 31:82-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2016.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Revised: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Helfrich EJN, Piel J. Biosynthesis of polyketides by trans-AT polyketide synthases. Nat Prod Rep 2016; 33:231-316. [DOI: 10.1039/c5np00125k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 230] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
This review discusses the biosynthesis of natural products that are generated bytrans-AT polyketide synthases, a family of catalytically versatile enzymes that represents one of the major group of proteins involved in the production of bioactive polyketides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric J. N. Helfrich
- Institute of Microbiology
- Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zurich
- 8093 Zurich
- Switzerland
| | - Jörn Piel
- Institute of Microbiology
- Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zurich
- 8093 Zurich
- Switzerland
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Polyketide synthase chimeras reveal key role of ketosynthase domain in chain branching. Nat Chem Biol 2015; 11:949-51. [DOI: 10.1038/nchembio.1932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 08/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Seo JW, Ma M, Kwong T, Ju J, Lim SK, Jiang H, Lohman JR, Yang C, Cleveland J, Zazopoulos E, Farnet CM, Shen B. Comparative characterization of the lactimidomycin and iso-migrastatin biosynthetic machineries revealing unusual features for acyltransferase-less type I polyketide synthases and providing an opportunity to engineer new analogues. Biochemistry 2014; 53:7854-65. [PMID: 25405956 PMCID: PMC4270375 DOI: 10.1021/bi501396v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Lactimidomycin (LTM, 1) and iso-migrastatin (iso-MGS, 2) belong to the glutarimide-containing polyketide family of natural products. We previously cloned and characterized the mgs biosynthetic gene cluster from Streptomyces platensis NRRL 18993. The iso-MGS biosynthetic machinery featured an acyltransferase (AT)-less type I polyketide synthase (PKS) and three tailoring enzymes (MgsIJK). We now report cloning and characterization of the ltm biosynthetic gene cluster from Streptomyces amphibiosporus ATCC 53964, which consists of nine genes that encode an AT-less type I PKS (LtmBCDEFGHL) and one tailoring enzyme (LtmK). Inactivation of ltmE or ltmH afforded the mutant strain SB15001 or SB15002, respectively, that abolished the production of 1, as well as the three cometabolites 8,9-dihydro-LTM (14), 8,9-dihydro-8S-hydroxy-LTM (15), and 8,9-dihydro-9R-hydroxy-LTM (13). Inactivation of ltmK yielded the mutant strain SB15003 that abolished the production of 1, 13, and 15 but led to the accumulation of 14. Complementation of the ΔltmK mutation in SB15003 by expressing ltmK in trans restored the production of 1, as well as that of 13 and 15. These results support the model for 1 biosynthesis, featuring an AT-less type I PKS that synthesizes 14 as the nascent polyketide intermediate and a cytochrome P450 desaturase that converts 14 to 1, with 13 and 15 as minor cometabolites. Comparative analysis of the LTM and iso-MGS AT-less type I PKSs revealed several unusual features that deviate from those of the collinear type I PKS model. Exploitation of the tailoring enzymes for 1 and 2 biosynthesis afforded two analogues, 8,9-dihydro-8R-hydroxy-LTM (16) and 8,9-dihydro-8R-methoxy-LTM (17), that provided new insights into the structure-activity relationship of 1 and 2. While 12-membered macrolides, featuring a combination of a hydroxyl group at C-17 and a double bond at C-8 and C-9 as found in 1, exhibit the most potent activity, analogues with a single hydroxyl or methoxy group at C-8 or C-9 retain most of the activity whereas analogues with double substitutions at C-8 and C-9 lose significant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Woo Seo
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
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Heine D, Bretschneider T, Sundaram S, Hertweck C. Enzymatic Polyketide Chain Branching To Give Substituted Lactone, Lactam, and Glutarimide Heterocycles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:11645-9. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201407282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Heine D, Bretschneider T, Sundaram S, Hertweck C. Enzymatische Polyketid-Kettenverzweigung zur Bildung substituierter Lacton-, Lactam- und Glutarimidheterocyclen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201407282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Sun D, Sun W, Yu Y, Li Z, Deng Z, Lin S. A new glutarimide derivative from marine sponge-derived Streptomyces anulatus S71. Nat Prod Res 2014; 28:1602-6. [DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2014.928877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P.R. China
| | - Wei Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P.R. China
| | - Yinxian Yu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Frist People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 100 Haining Road, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China
| | - Zhiyong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P.R. China
| | - Zixin Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P.R. China
| | - Shuangjun Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P.R. China
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Yin M, Yan Y, Lohman JR, Huang SX, Ma M, Zhao GR, Xu LH, Xiang W, Shen B. Cycloheximide and actiphenol production in Streptomyces sp. YIM56141 governed by single biosynthetic machinery featuring an acyltransferase-less type I polyketide synthase. Org Lett 2014; 16:3072-5. [PMID: 24815182 PMCID: PMC4051428 DOI: 10.1021/ol501179w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
![]()
Cycloheximide (1) and
actiphenol (2)
have been isolated from numerous Streptomyces species.
Cloning, sequencing, and characterization of a gene cluster from Streptomyces sp. YIM65141 now establish that 1 and 2 production is governed by single biosynthetic
machinery. Biosynthesis of 1 features an acyltransferase-less
type I polyketide synthase to construct its carbon backbone but may
proceed via 2 as a key intermediate, invoking a provocative
reduction of a phenol to a cyclohexanone moiety in natural product
biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Yin
- Department of Chemistry, ⊥Department of Molecular Therapeutics, and ¶Natural Products Library Initiative, The Scripps Research Institute , Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
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Vinylogous chain branching catalysed by a dedicated polyketide synthase module. Nature 2013; 502:124-8. [DOI: 10.1038/nature12588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2013] [Accepted: 08/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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