1
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Nakamura Y, Irisawa K, Makino K, Shimada N. Boronic Acid/Palladium Hybrid Catalysis for Regioselective O-Allylation of Carbohydrates. J Org Chem 2024. [PMID: 38194418 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c02445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Novel imidazole-containing boronic acid and palladium hybrid catalysis for regioselective O-allylation of carbohydrates has been developed. This catalytic process enables the introduction of a useful allyl functional group into the equatorial hydroxy group of cis-1,2-diols of various carbohydrates with low catalyst loading and excellent regioselectivities. This is the first report on hybrid catalysis in combination with a Lewis base-containing boronic acid and a transition metal complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Nakamura
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry for Drug Development and Medical Research Laboratories, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kitasato University, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
| | - Kazuma Irisawa
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry for Molecular Transformations, Department of Chemistry and the Institute of Natural Sciences, Nihon University, Tokyo 156-8550, Japan
| | - Kazuishi Makino
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry for Drug Development and Medical Research Laboratories, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kitasato University, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Shimada
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry for Molecular Transformations, Department of Chemistry and the Institute of Natural Sciences, Nihon University, Tokyo 156-8550, Japan
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2
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Ali I, Kamala Lakshmi MV, Perali RS. A Short Route to the Synthesis of Digoxose Trisaccharide Glycal Donor via Mislow-Evans Rearrangement. J Org Chem 2023; 88:12105-12114. [PMID: 37555372 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
The Mislow-Evans rearrangement was used as a key reaction to construct digitoxose-derived glycals. The same rearrangement was iteratively performed on di- and trisaccharides to form the digoxose glycal donor component present in the cardenolides digitoxin, digoxin, and gitoxin. The scalability of the trisaccharide synthesis was shown by performing the reactions on a multigram scale. Glycosylation reactions were also performed between the synthesized digoxin glycal donor and aglycons digoxigenin and gitoxigenin to synthesize novel cardenolide derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Intzar Ali
- School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, C. R. Rao Road, Gachibowli, Hyderabad 500 046, India
| | - M V Kamala Lakshmi
- School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, C. R. Rao Road, Gachibowli, Hyderabad 500 046, India
| | - Ramu Sridhar Perali
- School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, C. R. Rao Road, Gachibowli, Hyderabad 500 046, India
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3
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Yamatsugu K, Kanai M. Catalytic Approaches to Chemo- and Site-Selective Transformation of Carbohydrates. Chem Rev 2023; 123:6793-6838. [PMID: 37126370 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Carbohydrates are a fundamental unit playing pivotal roles in all the biological processes. It is thus essential to develop methods for synthesizing, functionalizing, and manipulating carbohydrates for further understanding of their functions and the creation of sugar-based functional materials. It is, however, not trivial to develop such methods, since carbohydrates are densely decorated with polar and similarly reactive hydroxy groups in a stereodefined manner. New approaches to chemo- and site-selective transformations of carbohydrates are, therefore, of great significance for revolutionizing sugar chemistry to enable easier access to sugars of interest. This review begins with a brief overview of the innate reactivity of hydroxy groups of carbohydrates. It is followed by discussions about catalytic approaches to enhance, override, or be orthogonal to the innate reactivity for the transformation of carbohydrates. This review avoids making a list of chemo- and site-selective reactions, but rather focuses on summarizing the concept behind each reported transformation. The literature references were sorted into sections based on the underlying ideas of the catalytic approaches, which we hope will help readers have a better sense of the current state of chemistry and develop innovative ideas for the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenzo Yamatsugu
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Motomu Kanai
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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4
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Kim S, Oiler J, Xing Y, O'Doherty GA. De novo asymmetric Achmatowicz approach to oligosaccharide natural products. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:12913-12926. [PMID: 36321854 PMCID: PMC9710213 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc05280f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
The development and application of the asymmetric synthesis of oligosaccharides from achiral starting materials is reviewed. This de novo asymmetric approach centers around the use of asymmetric catalysis for the synthesis of optically pure furan alcohols in conjunction with Achmatowicz oxidative rearrangement for the synthesis of various pyranones. In addition, the use of a diastereoselective palladium-catalyzed glycosylation and subsequent diastereoselective post-glycosylation transformation was used for the synthesis of oligosaccharides. The application of this approach to oligosaccharide synthesis is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sugyeom Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Jeremy Oiler
- Department of Chemistry, William Paterson University, Wayne, NJ, 07470, USA
| | - Yalan Xing
- Department of Chemistry, Hofstra University, Hempstead, NY, 11549, USA.
| | - George A O'Doherty
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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5
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Gatin‐Fraudet B, Pucher M, Le Saux T, Doisneau G, Bourdreux Y, Jullien L, Vauzeilles B, Guianvarc'h D, Urban D. Hydrogen Peroxide‐Responsive Triggers Based on Borinic Acids: Molecular Insights into the Control of Oxidative Rearrangement. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202201543. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202201543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Blaise Gatin‐Fraudet
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay, UMR CNRS 8182 91405 Orsay France
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, UPR 2301 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette France
| | - Mathilde Pucher
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay, UMR CNRS 8182 91405 Orsay France
| | - Thomas Le Saux
- PASTEUR, Département de chimie École Normale Supérieure PSL University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS 75005 Paris France
| | - Gilles Doisneau
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay, UMR CNRS 8182 91405 Orsay France
| | - Yann Bourdreux
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay, UMR CNRS 8182 91405 Orsay France
| | - Ludovic Jullien
- PASTEUR, Département de chimie École Normale Supérieure PSL University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS 75005 Paris France
| | - Boris Vauzeilles
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, UPR 2301 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette France
| | - Dominique Guianvarc'h
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay, UMR CNRS 8182 91405 Orsay France
| | - Dominique Urban
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay, UMR CNRS 8182 91405 Orsay France
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6
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Fallek R, Ashush N, Fallek A, Fleischer O, Portnoy M. Controlling the Site Selectivity in Acylations of Amphiphilic Diols: Directing the Reaction toward the Apolar Domain in a Model Diol and the Midecamycin A 1 Macrolide Antibiotic. J Org Chem 2022; 87:9688-9698. [PMID: 35801540 PMCID: PMC9361358 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c00745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Seeking to improve the site selectivity of acylation of amphiphilic diols, which is induced by imidazole-based nucleophilic catalysts and directs the reaction toward apolar sites, as we recently reported, we examined a new improved catalytic design and an alteration of the acylating agent. The new catalysts performed slightly better selectivity-wise in the model reaction, compared to the previous set, but notably could be prepared in a much more synthetically economic way. The change of the acylating agent from anhydride to acyl chloride, particularly in combination with the new catalysts, accelerated the reaction and increased the selectivity in favor of the apolar site. The new selectivity-inducing techniques were applied to midecamycin, a natural amphiphilic antibiotic possessing a secondary alcohol moiety in each of its two domains, polar as well as apolar. In the case of the anhydride, a basic dimethylamino group, decorating this substrate, overrides the catalyst's selectivity preference and forces selective acylation of the alcohol in the polar domain with a more than 91:1 ratio of the monoacylated products. To counteract the internal base influence, an acid additive was used or the acylating agent was changed to acyl chloride. The latter adjustment leads, in combination with our best catalyst, to the reversal of the ratio between the products to 1:11.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reut Fallek
- School of Chemistry, Raymond and Beverly
Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv
University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Natali Ashush
- School of Chemistry, Raymond and Beverly
Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv
University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Amit Fallek
- School of Chemistry, Raymond and Beverly
Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv
University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Or Fleischer
- School of Chemistry, Raymond and Beverly
Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv
University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Moshe Portnoy
- School of Chemistry, Raymond and Beverly
Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv
University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
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7
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O'Sullivan J, Muñoz-Muñoz J, Turnbull G, Sim N, Penny S, Moschos S. Beyond GalNAc! Drug delivery systems comprising complex oligosaccharides for targeted use of nucleic acid therapeutics. RSC Adv 2022; 12:20432-20446. [PMID: 35919168 PMCID: PMC9281799 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra01999j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nucleic Acid Therapeutics (NATs) are establishing a leading role for the management and treatment of genetic diseases following FDA approval of nusinersen, patisiran, and givosiran in the last 5 years, the breakthrough of milasen, with more approvals undoubtedly on the way. Givosiran takes advantage of the known interaction between the hepatocyte specific asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGPR) and N-acetyl galactosamine (GalNAc) ligands to deliver a therapeutic effect, underscoring the value of targeting moieties. In this review, we explore the history of GalNAc as a ligand, and the paradigm it has set for the delivery of NATs through precise targeting to the liver, overcoming common hindrances faced with this type of therapy. We describe various complex oligosaccharides (OSs) and ask what others could be used to target receptors for NAT delivery and the opportunities awaiting exploration of this chemical space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph O'Sullivan
- Department of Applied Sciences, Northumbria University Newcastle upon Tyne UK NE1 8ST
| | - Jose Muñoz-Muñoz
- Department of Applied Sciences, Northumbria University Newcastle upon Tyne UK NE1 8ST
| | - Graeme Turnbull
- Department of Applied Sciences, Northumbria University Newcastle upon Tyne UK NE1 8ST
| | - Neil Sim
- High Force Research Ltd, Bowburn North Industrial Estate Durham UK DH6 5PF
| | - Stuart Penny
- High Force Research Ltd, Bowburn North Industrial Estate Durham UK DH6 5PF
| | - Sterghios Moschos
- Department of Applied Sciences, Northumbria University Newcastle upon Tyne UK NE1 8ST
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8
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Yadav RN, Hossain MF, Das A, Srivastava AK, Banik BK. Organocatalysis: A recent development on stereoselective synthesis of o-glycosides. CATALYSIS REVIEWS 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/01614940.2022.2041303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ram Naresh Yadav
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering & Technology, Veer Bahadur Singh Purvanchal University, Jaunpur, India
| | - Md. Firoj Hossain
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Bengal, Darjeeling, India
| | - Aparna Das
- Department of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, College of Sciences and Human Studies, Prince Mohammad Bin Fahd University, Khobar, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ashok Kumar Srivastava
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering & Technology, Veer Bahadur Singh Purvanchal University, Jaunpur, India
| | - Bimal Krishna Banik
- Department of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, College of Sciences and Human Studies, Prince Mohammad Bin Fahd University, Khobar, Saudi Arabia
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9
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Petitpoisson L, Pichette A, Alsarraf J. Towards better syntheses of partially methylated carbohydrates? Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qo00893a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We give an overview of the reported synthetic strategies towards partially methylated glycosides and discuss how better protocols could stem from catalytic site-selective transformations of carbohydrates and cleaner methylation reagents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Petitpoisson
- Centre de recherche sur la boréalie (CREB), Laboratoire d'analyse et de séparation des essences végétales (LASEVE), Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 555 boulevard de l'Université, Chicoutimi G7H 2B1, Québec, Canada
| | - André Pichette
- Centre de recherche sur la boréalie (CREB), Laboratoire d'analyse et de séparation des essences végétales (LASEVE), Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 555 boulevard de l'Université, Chicoutimi G7H 2B1, Québec, Canada
| | - Jérôme Alsarraf
- Centre de recherche sur la boréalie (CREB), Laboratoire d'analyse et de séparation des essences végétales (LASEVE), Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 555 boulevard de l'Université, Chicoutimi G7H 2B1, Québec, Canada
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10
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Gatin-Fraudet B, Ottenwelter R, Le Saux T, Norsikian S, Pucher M, Lombès T, Baron A, Durand P, Doisneau G, Bourdreux Y, Iorga BI, Erard M, Jullien L, Guianvarc'h D, Urban D, Vauzeilles B. Evaluation of borinic acids as new, fast hydrogen peroxide-responsive triggers. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2107503118. [PMID: 34873034 PMCID: PMC8685692 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2107503118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is responsible for numerous damages when overproduced, and its detection is crucial for a better understanding of H2O2-mediated signaling in physiological and pathological processes. For this purpose, various "off-on" small fluorescent probes relying on a boronate trigger have been prepared, and this design has also been involved in the development of H2O2-activated prodrugs or theranostic tools. However, this design suffers from slow kinetics, preventing activation by H2O2 with a short response time. Therefore, faster H2O2-reactive groups are awaited. To address this issue, we have successfully developed and characterized a prototypic borinic-based fluorescent probe containing a coumarin scaffold. We determined its in vitro kinetic constants toward H2O2-promoted oxidation. We measured 1.9 × 104 m-1⋅s-1 as a second-order rate constant, which is 10,000-fold faster than its well-established boronic counterpart (1.8 m-1⋅s-1). This improved reactivity was also effective in a cellular context, rendering borinic acids an advantageous trigger for H2O2-mediated release of effectors such as fluorescent moieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blaise Gatin-Fraudet
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, UPR 2301, Gif-sur-Yvette 91198, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay, UMR CNRS 8182, Orsay 91405, France
| | - Roxane Ottenwelter
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, UPR 2301, Gif-sur-Yvette 91198, France
| | - Thomas Le Saux
- PASTEUR, Département de Chimie, École Normale Supérieure, Université Paris Sciences et Lettres, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Paris 75005, France
| | - Stéphanie Norsikian
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, UPR 2301, Gif-sur-Yvette 91198, France
| | - Mathilde Pucher
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay, UMR CNRS 8182, Orsay 91405, France
| | - Thomas Lombès
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, UPR 2301, Gif-sur-Yvette 91198, France
| | - Aurélie Baron
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, UPR 2301, Gif-sur-Yvette 91198, France
| | - Philippe Durand
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, UPR 2301, Gif-sur-Yvette 91198, France
| | - Gilles Doisneau
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay, UMR CNRS 8182, Orsay 91405, France
| | - Yann Bourdreux
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay, UMR CNRS 8182, Orsay 91405, France
| | - Bogdan I Iorga
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, UPR 2301, Gif-sur-Yvette 91198, France
| | - Marie Erard
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut de Chimie Physique, UMR CNRS 8000, Orsay 91405, France
| | - Ludovic Jullien
- PASTEUR, Département de Chimie, École Normale Supérieure, Université Paris Sciences et Lettres, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Paris 75005, France
| | - Dominique Guianvarc'h
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay, UMR CNRS 8182, Orsay 91405, France
| | - Dominique Urban
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay, UMR CNRS 8182, Orsay 91405, France;
| | - Boris Vauzeilles
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, UPR 2301, Gif-sur-Yvette 91198, France;
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11
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Abstract
Saponins are a large family of amphiphilic glycosides of steroids and triterpenes found in plants and some marine organisms. By expressing a large diversity of structures on both sugar chains and aglycones, saponins exhibit a wide range of biological and pharmacological properties and serve as major active principles in folk medicines, especially in traditional Chinese medicines. Isolation of saponins from natural sources is usually a formidable task due to the microheterogeneity of saponins in Nature. Chemical synthesis can provide access to large amounts of natural saponins as well as congeners for understanding their structure-activity relationships and mechanisms of action. This article presents a comprehensive account on chemical synthesis of saponins. First highlighted are general considerations on saponin synthesis, including preparation of aglycones and carbohydrate building blocks, assembly strategies, and protecting-group strategies. Next described is the state of the art in the synthesis of each type of saponins, with an emphasis on those representative saponins having sophisticated structures and potent biological activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- You Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, PR China.
| | - Stephane Laval
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-Organic and Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Biao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-Organic and Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, PR China.
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12
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Yalamanchili S, Nguyen T, Zsikla A, Stamper G, DeYong AE, Florek J, Vasquez O, Pohl NLB, Bennett CS. Automated, Multistep Continuous‐Flow Synthesis of 2,6‐Dideoxy and 3‐Amino‐2,3,6‐trideoxy Monosaccharide Building Blocks. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202109887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Tu‐Anh Nguyen
- Chemistry Tufts University 62 Talbot Ave Medford MA 02145 USA
| | | | - Gavin Stamper
- Chemistry Indiana University 800 E Kirkwood Ave Bloomington IN 47405 USA
| | - Ashley E. DeYong
- Chemistry Indiana University 800 E Kirkwood Ave Bloomington IN 47405 USA
| | - John Florek
- Chemistry Tufts University 62 Talbot Ave Medford MA 02145 USA
| | - Olivea Vasquez
- Chemistry Tufts University 62 Talbot Ave Medford MA 02145 USA
| | - Nicola L. B. Pohl
- Chemistry Indiana University 800 E Kirkwood Ave Bloomington IN 47405 USA
| | - Clay S. Bennett
- Chemistry Tufts University 62 Talbot Ave Medford MA 02145 USA
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13
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Yalamanchili S, Nguyen TA, Zsikla A, Stamper G, DeYong AE, Florek J, Vasquez O, Pohl NLB, Bennett CS. Automated, Multistep Continuous-Flow Synthesis of 2,6-Dideoxy and 3-Amino-2,3,6-trideoxy Monosaccharide Building Blocks. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:23171-23175. [PMID: 34463017 PMCID: PMC8511145 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202109887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
An automated continuous flow system capable of producing protected deoxy-sugar donors from commercial material is described. Four 2,6-dideoxy and two 3-amino-2,3,6-trideoxy sugars with orthogonal protecting groups were synthesized in 11-32 % overall yields in 74-131.5 minutes of total reaction time. Several of the reactions were able to be concatenated into a continuous process, avoiding the need for chromatographic purification of intermediates. The modular nature of the experimental setup allowed for reaction streams to be split into different lines for the parallel synthesis of multiple donors. Further, the continuous flow processes were fully automated and described through the design of an open-source Python-controlled automation platform.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tu-Anh Nguyen
- Chemistry, Tufts University, 62 Talbot Ave, Medford, MA 02145
| | | | - Gavin Stamper
- Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E Kirkwood Ave, Bloomington, IN, 47405
| | - Ashley E. DeYong
- Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E Kirkwood Ave, Bloomington, IN, 47405
| | - John Florek
- Chemistry, Tufts University, 62 Talbot Ave, Medford, MA 02145
| | - Olivea Vasquez
- Chemistry, Tufts University, 62 Talbot Ave, Medford, MA 02145
| | - Nicola L. B. Pohl
- Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E Kirkwood Ave, Bloomington, IN, 47405
| | - Clay S. Bennett
- Chemistry, Tufts University, 62 Talbot Ave, Medford, MA 02145
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14
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Novel fidaxomicin antibiotics through site-selective catalysis. Commun Chem 2021; 4:59. [PMID: 36697765 PMCID: PMC9814943 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-021-00501-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Fidaxomicin (FDX) is a marketed antibiotic for the treatment of Clostridioides difficile infections (CDI). Fidaxomicin displays antibacterial properties against many Gram-positive bacteria, yet the application of this antibiotic is currently limited to treatment of CDI. Semisynthetic modifications present a promising strategy to improve its pharmacokinetic properties and also circumvent resistance development by broadening the structural diversity of the derivatives. Here, based on a rational design using cryo-EM structural analysis, we implement two strategic site-selective catalytic reactions with a special emphasis to study the role of the carbohydrate units. Site-selective introduction of various ester moieties on the noviose as well as a Tsuji-Trost type rhamnose cleavage allow the synthesis of novel fidaxomicin analogs with promising antibacterial activities against C. difficile and Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
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15
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Shimada N, Sugimoto T, Noguchi M, Ohira C, Kuwashima Y, Takahashi N, Sato N, Makino K. Boronic Acid-Catalyzed Regioselective Koenigs-Knorr-Type Glycosylation. J Org Chem 2021; 86:5973-5982. [PMID: 33829786 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c00130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Boronic acid-catalyzed regioselective Koenigs-Knorr-type glycosylation is presented. The reaction of an unprotected or partially protected glycosyl acceptor with a glycosyl halide donor in the presence of silver oxide and a low catalytic amount of imidazole-containing boronic acid was found to proceed smoothly, which enables construction of a 1,2-trans glycosidic linkage with high regioselectivities. This is the first example of the use of a boronic acid catalyst to initiate regioselective glycosylation via the activation of cis-vicinal diols in glycosyl acceptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoyuki Shimada
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry for Drug Development and Medical Research Laboratories, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kitasato University, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
| | - Tomoya Sugimoto
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry for Drug Development and Medical Research Laboratories, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kitasato University, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
| | - Mao Noguchi
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry for Drug Development and Medical Research Laboratories, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kitasato University, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
| | - Chikako Ohira
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry for Drug Development and Medical Research Laboratories, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kitasato University, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
| | - Yutaro Kuwashima
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry for Drug Development and Medical Research Laboratories, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kitasato University, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
| | - Naoya Takahashi
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry for Drug Development and Medical Research Laboratories, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kitasato University, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
| | - Noriko Sato
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry for Drug Development and Medical Research Laboratories, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kitasato University, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
| | - Kazuishi Makino
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry for Drug Development and Medical Research Laboratories, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kitasato University, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
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16
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Tomita S, Tanaka M, Inoue M, Inaba K, Takahashi D, Toshima K. Diboron-Catalyzed Regio- and 1,2- cis-α-Stereoselective Glycosylation of trans-1,2-Diols. J Org Chem 2020; 85:16254-16262. [PMID: 33052679 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c02093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Regio- and 1,2-cis-α-stereoselective glycosylations were investigated using 1,2-anhydroglucose donors and trans-1,2-diol sugar acceptors in the presence of a diboron catalyst. The reactions proceeded smoothly to provide the corresponding 1,2-cis-α-glycosides with consistently very high stereoselectivity and were regioselectivity controlled by the protecting groups of the acceptor. The present glycosylation method was applied successfully to the efficient synthesis of α-1,3-glucan pentasaccharide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunpei Tomita
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
| | - Masamichi Tanaka
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
| | - Michitaka Inoue
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
| | - Kazuki Inaba
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
| | - Daisuke Takahashi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
| | - Kazunobu Toshima
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
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17
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Liu Y, Xu W, Huang ZH, Guo J, Jiang RW. An Efficient Strategy for the Chemo-Enzymatic Synthesis of Bufalin Glycosides with Improved Water Solubility and Inhibition against Na + , K + -ATPase. Chem Biodivers 2020; 17:e2000529. [PMID: 32939944 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202000529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In this study, bufalin was glycosylated by an efficient chemo-enzymatic strategy. Firstly, 2-chloro-4-nitrophenyl-1-O-β-D-glucoside (sugar donors) was obtained by chemical synthesis. Then, the glycosylation of the bufalin was achieved with the synthesized sugar donor under the catalysis of two glycosyltransferases (Loki and ASP). Finally, two glycosides, i. e., bufalin-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside and bufalin-3-O-[β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-D-glucopyranoside)], were obtained by preparative HPLC. Compared to our previously reported sole chemical (total yield 10 % in four steps) or enzymatic methods (30 %), our combined chemo-enzymatic strategy in this article greatly improves the yields of monoglycoside (68 %) and diglycoside (21 %) and decreased the experimental cost (90 %). Furthermore, we tested the water solubility of these glycosides and found that the water solubilities of the two glycosides were 13.1 and 53.7 times of bufalin, respectively. In addition, the inhibitory activity of these glycosides against Na+ , K+ -ATPase were evaluated. The mono-glycosylated compound showed more potent activity than bufalin, while the diglycosylated compound was less potent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, P. R. China.,Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, 533000, P. R. China.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, and International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, P. R. China
| | - Wei Xu
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, and International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, P. R. China
| | - Zhao-He Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, 533000, P. R. China
| | - Jun Guo
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, P. R. China
| | - Ren-Wang Jiang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, and International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, P. R. China
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18
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Pal KB, Guo A, Das M, Báti G, Liu XW. Superbase-Catalyzed Stereo- and Regioselective Glycosylation with 2-Nitroglycals: Facile Access to 2-Amino-2-deoxy-O-glycosides. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c00753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kumar Bhaskar Pal
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371
| | - Aoxin Guo
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371
| | - Mrinmoy Das
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371
| | - Gábor Báti
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371
| | - Xue-Wei Liu
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371
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19
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Ding Y, Vara Prasad CVNS, Wang B. Glycosylation on Unprotected or Partially Protected Acceptors. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201901675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yili Ding
- Life Science Department; Foshan University; 528000 Foshan Guangdong China
| | | | - Bingyun Wang
- Life Science Department; Foshan University; 528000 Foshan Guangdong China
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20
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Wen C, Huang W, He MM, Deng WL, Yu HH. Cloning and characterization of a glycosyltransferase from Catharanthus roseus for glycosylation of cardiotonic steroids and phenolic compounds. Biotechnol Lett 2019; 42:135-142. [PMID: 31734772 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-019-02756-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To characterize a glycosyltransferase (UGT74AN3) from Catharanthus roseus and investigate its specificity toward cardiotonic steroids and phenolic compounds. RESULTS UGT74AN3, a novel permissive GT from C. roseus, displayed average high conversion rate (> 90%) toward eight structurally different cardiotonic steroids. Among them, resibufogenin, digitoxigenin, and uzarigenin gave 100% yield. Based on LC-MS, 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR analysis, structure elucidation of eight glycosides was consistent with 3-O-β-D-glucosides. We further confirmed UGT74AN3 was permissive enough to glycosylate curcumin, resveratrol, and phloretin. The cDNA sequence of UGT74AN3 contained an ORF of 1,425 nucleotides encoding 474 amino acids. UGT74AN3 performed the maximum catalytic activity at 40 °C, pH 8.0, and was divalent cation-independent. Km values of UGT74AN3 toward resibufogenin, digitoxigenin, and uzarigenin were 7.0 µM, 12.3 µM, and 17.4 µM, respectively. CONCLUSIONS UGT74AN3, a glycosyltransferase from a noncardenolide-producing plant, displayed catalytic efficiency toward cardiotonic steroids and phenolic compounds, which would make it feasible for glycosylation of bioactive molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wen
- Department of Medicine, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, 343009, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wei Huang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, People's Republic of China
| | - Miao-Miao He
- Department of Medicine, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, 343009, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Li Deng
- Department of Medicine, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, 343009, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai-Hong Yu
- Department of Medicine, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, 343009, People's Republic of China
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21
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Huang W, Wen C, Zhou Z, Fu Z, Katz A, Plotnikov A, Karlish SJD, Jiang R. An Efficient One‐Pot Enzymatic Synthesis of Cardiac Glycosides with Varied Sugar Chain Lengths. Adv Synth Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201900227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Huang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, and International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of EducationJinan University Guangzhou 510632 People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Wen
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, and International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of EducationJinan University Guangzhou 510632 People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen‐Ru Zhou
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, and International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of EducationJinan University Guangzhou 510632 People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi‐Hao Fu
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, and International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of EducationJinan University Guangzhou 510632 People's Republic of China
| | - Adriana Katz
- Department of Biomolecular SciencesWeizmann Institute of Science Rehovot Israel
| | - Alexander Plotnikov
- Department of Biomolecular SciencesWeizmann Institute of Science Rehovot Israel
| | | | - Ren‐Wang Jiang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, and International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of EducationJinan University Guangzhou 510632 People's Republic of China
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22
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Shimada N, Nakamura Y, Ochiai T, Makino K. Catalytic Activation of Cis-Vicinal Diols by Boronic Acids: Site-Selective Acylation of Carbohydrates. Org Lett 2019; 21:3789-3794. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b01231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Naoyuki Shimada
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry for Drug Development and Medical Research Laboratories, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kitasato University, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
| | - Yuki Nakamura
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry for Drug Development and Medical Research Laboratories, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kitasato University, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
| | - Takayuki Ochiai
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry for Drug Development and Medical Research Laboratories, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kitasato University, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
| | - Kazuishi Makino
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry for Drug Development and Medical Research Laboratories, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kitasato University, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
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23
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Yalamanchili S, Lloyd D, Bennett CS. Synthesis of the Hexasaccharide Fragment of Landomycin A Using a Mild, Reagent-Controlled Approach. Org Lett 2019; 21:3674-3677. [PMID: 31021647 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b01118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of the hexasaccharide fragment of landomycin A is reported. Using p-toluenesulfonyl chloride mediated dehydrative glycosylation, we constructed the deoxy-sugar linkages in a stereoselective fashion without the need for temporary prosthetic groups to control selectivity. Through this approach, the hexasaccharide was obtained in 28 steps and 8.9% overall yield, which is an order of magnitude higher than that of previously reported approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subbarao Yalamanchili
- Department of Chemistry , Tufts University , 62 Talbot Avenue , Medford , Massachusetts 02155 , United States
| | - Dina Lloyd
- Department of Chemistry , Tufts University , 62 Talbot Avenue , Medford , Massachusetts 02155 , United States
| | - Clay S Bennett
- Department of Chemistry , Tufts University , 62 Talbot Avenue , Medford , Massachusetts 02155 , United States
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24
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Potential anti-herpes and cytotoxic action of novel semisynthetic digitoxigenin-derivatives. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 167:546-561. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.01.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Revised: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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25
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Robole ZM, Rahn KL, Lampkin BJ, Anand RK, VanVeller B. Tuning the Electrochemical Redox Potentials of Catechol with Boronic Acid Derivatives. J Org Chem 2019; 84:2346-2350. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b03087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zachary M. Robole
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Kira L. Rahn
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Bryan J. Lampkin
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Robbyn K. Anand
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Brett VanVeller
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
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26
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Báti G, He JX, Pal KB, Liu XW. Stereo- and regioselective glycosylation with protection-less sugar derivatives: an alluring strategy to access glycans and natural products. Chem Soc Rev 2019; 48:4006-4018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cs00905h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
This review delivers insights for dedicated chemists into the development of efficient methods in accessing carbohydrates at a lower cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gábor Báti
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences
- Nanyang Technological University
- Singapore
| | - Jing-Xi He
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences
- Nanyang Technological University
- Singapore
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering
| | - Kumar Bhaskar Pal
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences
- Nanyang Technological University
- Singapore
| | - Xue-Wei Liu
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences
- Nanyang Technological University
- Singapore
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27
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Dimakos V, Taylor MS. Site-Selective Functionalization of Hydroxyl Groups in Carbohydrate Derivatives. Chem Rev 2018; 118:11457-11517. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Dimakos
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Mark S. Taylor
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3H6, Canada
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28
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Abstract
Deoxy-sugars often play a critical role in modulating the potency of many bioactive natural products. Accordingly, there has been sustained interest in methods for their synthesis over the past several decades. The focus of much of this work has been on developing new glycosylation reactions that permit the mild and selective construction of deoxyglycosides. This Review covers classical approaches to deoxyglycoside synthesis, as well as more recently developed chemistry that aims to control the selectivity of the reaction through rational design of the promoter. Where relevant, the application of this chemistry to natural product synthesis will also be described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clay S. Bennett
- Department
of Chemistry, Tufts University, 62 Talbot Avenue, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
| | - M. Carmen Galan
- School
of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
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29
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Wen C, Huang W, Zhu XL, Li XS, Zhang F, Jiang RW. UGT74AN1, a Permissive Glycosyltransferase from Asclepias curassavica for the Regiospecific Steroid 3-O-Glycosylation. Org Lett 2018; 20:534-537. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b03619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wen
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory
of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, Institute
of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, P. R. China
| | - Wei Huang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory
of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, Institute
of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, P. R. China
| | - Xue-Lin Zhu
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory
of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, Institute
of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-San Li
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory
of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, Institute
of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, P. R. China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory
of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, Institute
of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, P. R. China
| | - Ren-Wang Jiang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory
of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, Institute
of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, P. R. China
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30
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Abstract
The application of small molecules as catalysts for the diversification of natural product scaffolds is reviewed. Specifically, principles that relate to the selectivity challenges intrinsic to complex molecular scaffolds are summarized. The synthesis of analogues of natural products by this approach is then described as a quintessential "late-stage functionalization" exercise wherein natural products serve as the lead scaffolds. Given the historical application of enzymatic catalysts to the site-selective alteration of complex molecules, the focus of this Review is on the recent studies of nonenzymatic catalysts. Reactions involving hydroxyl group derivatization with a variety of electrophilic reagents are discussed. C-H bond functionalizations that lead to oxidations, aminations, and halogenations are also presented. Several examples of site-selective olefin functionalizations and C-C bond formations are also included. Numerous classes of natural products have been subjected to these studies of site-selective alteration including polyketides, glycopeptides, terpenoids, macrolides, alkaloids, carbohydrates, and others. What emerges is a platform for chemical remodeling of naturally occurring scaffolds that targets virtually all known chemical functionalities and microenvironments. However, challenges for the design of very broad classes of catalysts, with even broader selectivity demands (e.g., stereoselectivity, functional group selectivity, and site-selectivity) persist. Yet, a significant spectrum of powerful, catalytic alterations of complex natural products now exists such that expansion of scope seems inevitable. Several instances of biological activity assays of remodeled natural product derivatives are also presented. These reports may foreshadow further interdisciplinary impacts for catalytic remodeling of natural products, including contributions to SAR development, mode of action studies, and eventually medicinal chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher R. Shugrue
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Scott J. Miller
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
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31
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Liu JL, Zhang YT, Liu HF, Zhou L, Chen J. N-Heterocyclic Carbene Catalyzed Stereoselective Glycosylation of 2-Nitrogalactals. Org Lett 2017; 19:5272-5275. [PMID: 28906121 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b02543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
An efficient N-heterocyclic carbene catalyzed glycosylation of 2-nitrogalactals with alcohols and phenol has been developed for the first time. A wide variety of 1,2-cis-2-nitroglycosides can be obtained with good to excellent yields and high to excellent α-selectivities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Lin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University , Xi'an 710127, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Tong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University , Xi'an 710127, P. R. China
| | - Hang-Fan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University , Xi'an 710127, P. R. China
| | - Ling Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University , Xi'an 710127, P. R. China
| | - Jie Chen
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University , Xi'an 710127, P. R. China
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32
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Williams
- School of Chemistry; University of Bristol; Cantock's Close BS8 1TS Bristol U.K
| | - M. Carmen Galan
- School of Chemistry; University of Bristol; Cantock's Close BS8 1TS Bristol U.K
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33
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Tay JH, Argüelles AJ, DeMars MD, Zimmerman PM, Sherman DH, Nagorny P. Regiodivergent Glycosylations of 6-Deoxy-erythronolide B and Oleandomycin-Derived Macrolactones Enabled by Chiral Acid Catalysis. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:8570-8578. [PMID: 28627172 PMCID: PMC5553906 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b03198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This work describes the first example of using chiral catalysts to control site-selectivity for the glycosylations of complex polyols such as 6-deoxyerythronolide B and oleandomycin-derived macrolactones. The regiodivergent introduction of sugars at the C3, C5, and C11 positions of macrolactones was achieved by selecting appropriate chiral acids as catalysts or through introduction of stoichiometric boronic acid-based additives. BINOL-based chiral phosphoric acids (CPAs) were used to catalyze highly selective glycosylations at the C5 positions of macrolactones (up to 99:1 rr), whereas the use of SPINOL-based CPAs resulted in selectivity switch and glycosylation of the C3 alcohol (up to 91:9 rr). Additionally, the C11 position of macrolactones was selectively functionalized through traceless protection of the C3/C5 diol with boronic acids prior to glycosylation. Investigation of the reaction mechanism for the CPA-controlled glycosylations revealed the involvement of covalently linked anomeric phosphates rather than oxocarbenium ion pairs as the reactive intermediates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Hui Tay
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 United States
| | - Alonso J. Argüelles
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 United States
| | - Matthew D. DeMars
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 United States
| | - Paul M. Zimmerman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 United States
| | - David H. Sherman
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 United States
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 United States
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 United States
| | - Pavel Nagorny
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 United States
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 United States
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34
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D’Angelo KA, Taylor MS. Borinic acid-catalyzed stereo- and site-selective synthesis of β-glycosylceramides. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:5978-5980. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cc01673e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Diphenylborinic acid catalysis enables the direct, stereo- and site-selective coupling of glycosyl donors with ceramide lipids. The β-1,1′-linkages accessed through this method are characteristic of mammalian glycosphingolipids that play diverse roles in physiology, human health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mark S. Taylor
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Toronto
- Toronto
- Canada
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35
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Zeng J, Sun G, Wang R, Zhang S, Teng S, Liao Z, Meng L, Wan Q. Gold-catalyzed diversified synthesis of 3-aminosugar analogues of digitoxin and digoxin. Org Chem Front 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7qo00648a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A small library containing 3-aminosugar analogues of digitoxin and digoxin with potent anticancer activities was constructed by gold-catalyzed glycosylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zeng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation
- School of Pharmacy; Huazhong University of Science and Technology
- Wuhan
- China
| | - Guangfei Sun
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation
- School of Pharmacy; Huazhong University of Science and Technology
- Wuhan
- China
| | - Ruobin Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation
- School of Pharmacy; Huazhong University of Science and Technology
- Wuhan
- China
| | - Shuxin Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation
- School of Pharmacy; Huazhong University of Science and Technology
- Wuhan
- China
| | - Shuang Teng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation
- School of Pharmacy; Huazhong University of Science and Technology
- Wuhan
- China
| | - Zhiwen Liao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation
- School of Pharmacy; Huazhong University of Science and Technology
- Wuhan
- China
| | - Lingkui Meng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation
- School of Pharmacy; Huazhong University of Science and Technology
- Wuhan
- China
| | - Qian Wan
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation
- School of Pharmacy; Huazhong University of Science and Technology
- Wuhan
- China
- Institute of Brain Research
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36
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S. Pallie M, K. Perera P, L. Goonase C, M.N. Kumar K, D.A.M. Ara L. Evaluation of Diuretic Effect of the Hot Water Extract of Standardized Tragia involucrata Linn., in Rats. INT J PHARMACOL 2016. [DOI: 10.3923/ijp.2017.83.90] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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37
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38
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D’Angelo KA, Taylor MS. Borinic Acid Catalyzed Stereo- and Regioselective Couplings of Glycosyl Methanesulfonates. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:11058-66. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b06943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kyan A. D’Angelo
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Mark S. Taylor
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
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39
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Mattis CE, Mootoo DR. A ring closing metathesis strategy for carbapyranosides of xylose and arabinose. Carbohydr Res 2016; 429:143-7. [PMID: 27236269 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2016.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Revised: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of β-carba-xylo and arabino pyranosides of cholestanol is described. The synthetic strategy, which is analogous to the Postema approach to C-glycosides, centers on the ring closing metathesis of an enol ether-alkene precursor to give a cyclic enol ether that is elaborated to a carba-pyranoside via hydroboration-oxidation on the olefin. The method, which is attractive for its modularity and stereoselectivity, may find wider applications to carba-hexopyranosides and other complex cycloalkyl ether frameworks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clayton E Mattis
- Department of Chemistry, Hunter College and The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - David R Mootoo
- Department of Chemistry, Hunter College and The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NY 10016, USA.
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40
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Udumula V, Nazari SH, Burt SR, Alfindee MN, Michaelis DJ. Chemo- and Site-Selective Alkyl and Aryl Azide Reductions with Heterogeneous Nanoparticle Catalysts. ACS Catal 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.6b01217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Venkatareddy Udumula
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602, United States
| | - S. Hadi Nazari
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602, United States
| | - Scott R. Burt
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602, United States
| | - Madher N. Alfindee
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322, United States
| | - David J. Michaelis
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602, United States
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41
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Mattis CE, Mootoo DR. A ring closing metathesis strategy for carbapyranosides of xylose and arabinose. Carbohydr Res 2016; 425:43-7. [PMID: 27035910 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2016.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Revised: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of β-carba-xylo and arabino pyranosides of cholestanol is described. The synthetic strategy, which is analogous to the Postema approach to C-glycosides, centers on the ring closing metathesis of an enol ether-alkene precursor to give a cyclic enol ether that is elaborated to a carba-pyranoside via hydroboration-oxidation on the olefin. The method, which is attractive for its modularity and stereoselectivity, may find wider applications to carba-hexopyranosides and other complex cycloalkyl ether frameworks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clayton E Mattis
- Department of Chemistry, Hunter College and The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - David R Mootoo
- Department of Chemistry, Hunter College and The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NY 10016, USA.
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42
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Shin I, Krische MJ. Asymmetric Iridium-Catalyzed C-C Coupling of Chiral Diols via Site-Selective Redox-Triggered Carbonyl Addition. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2016; 372:85-101. [PMID: 26187028 PMCID: PMC4716893 DOI: 10.1007/128_2015_651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Cyclometalated π-allyliridium C,O-benzoate complexes modified by axially chiral chelating phosphine ligands display a pronounced kinetic preference for primary alcohol dehydrogenation, enabling highly site-selective redox-triggered carbonyl additions of chiral primary-secondary 1,3-diols with exceptional levels of catalyst-directed diastereoselectivity. Unlike conventional methods for carbonyl allylation, the present redox-triggered alcohol C-H functionalizations bypass the use of protecting groups, premetalated reagents, and discrete alcohol-to-aldehyde redox reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inji Shin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, 1 University Station - A5300, Austin, TX, 78712-1167, USA
| | - Michael J Krische
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, 1 University Station - A5300, Austin, TX, 78712-1167, USA.
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43
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Zhang J, Ponomareva LV, Nandurkar NS, Yuan Y, Fang L, Zhan CG, Thorson JS. Influence of Sugar Amine Regiochemistry on Digitoxigenin Neoglycoside Anticancer Activity. ACS Med Chem Lett 2015; 6:1053-8. [PMID: 26487911 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.5b00120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Accepted: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The synthesis of a set of digitoxigenin neogluco/xylosides and corresponding study of their anticancer SAR revealed sugar amine regiochemistry has a dramatic effect upon activity. Specifically, this study noted sugar 3-amino followed by 4-amino-substitution to be most advantageous where the solvent accessibility of the appended amine within neoglycoside-Na(+),K(+)-ATPase docked models correlated with increased anticancer potency. This study presents a preliminary model for potential further warhead optimization in the context of antibody-directed steroidal glycosides and extends the demonstrated compatibility of aminosugars in the context of neoglycosylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianjun Zhang
- Center for Pharmaceutical Research and
Innovation and ‡Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0596, United States
| | - Larissa V. Ponomareva
- Center for Pharmaceutical Research and
Innovation and ‡Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0596, United States
| | - Nitin S. Nandurkar
- Center for Pharmaceutical Research and
Innovation and ‡Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0596, United States
| | | | | | | | - Jon S. Thorson
- Center for Pharmaceutical Research and
Innovation and ‡Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0596, United States
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44
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Mancini RS, McClary CA, Anthonipillai S, Taylor MS. Organoboron-Promoted Regioselective Glycosylations in the Synthesis of a Saponin-Derived Pentasaccharide from Spergularia ramosa. J Org Chem 2015; 80:8501-10. [PMID: 26292956 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b00950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Organoboron-mediated regioselective glycosylations were employed as key steps in the total synthesis of a branched pentasaccharide from a saponin natural product. The ability to use organoboron activation to differentiate OH groups in an unprotected glycosyl acceptor, followed by substrate-controlled reactions of the obtained disaccharide, enabled a streamlining of the synthesis relative to a protective group-based approach. This study revealed a matching/mismatching effect of the relative configuration of donor and acceptor on the efficiency of a regioselective glycosylation reaction, a problem that was solved through the development of a novel boronic acid-amine copromoter system for glycosyl acceptor activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ross S Mancini
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto , 80 St. George Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Corey A McClary
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto , 80 St. George Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Stefi Anthonipillai
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto , 80 St. George Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Mark S Taylor
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto , 80 St. George Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3H6, Canada
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Abstract
Saponins are a large family of amphiphilic glycosides of steroids and triterpenes found in plants and some marine organisms. By expressing a large diversity of structures on both sugar chains and aglycones, saponins exhibit a wide range of biological and pharmacological properties and serve as major active principles in folk medicines, especially in traditional Chinese medicines. Isolation of saponins from natural sources is usually a formidable task due to the microheterogeneity of saponins in Nature. Chemical synthesis can provide access to large amounts of natural saponins as well as congeners for understanding their structure-activity relationships and mechanisms of action. This article presents a comprehensive account on chemical synthesis of saponins. First highlighted are general considerations on saponin synthesis, including preparation of aglycones and carbohydrate building blocks, assembly strategies, and protecting-group strategies. Next described is the state of the art in the synthesis of each type of saponins, with an emphasis on those representative saponins having sophisticated structures and potent biological activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- You Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, PR China.
| | - Stephane Laval
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-Organic and Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Biao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-Organic and Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, PR China.
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46
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Wang G, Franke J, Ngo CQ, Krische MJ. Diastereo- and Enantioselective Iridium Catalyzed Coupling of Vinyl Aziridines with Alcohols: Site-Selective Modification of Unprotected Diols and Synthesis of Substituted Piperidines. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:7915-20. [PMID: 26074091 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b04404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The chiral cyclometalated π-allyliridium ortho-C,O-benzoate complex (R)-Ir-VIb derived from [Ir(cod)Cl]2, allyl acetate, 4-cyano-3-nitro-benzoic acid, and (R)-MeO-BIPHEP catalyzes the coupling of N-(p-nitrophenylsulfonyl) protected vinyl aziridine 3a with primary alcohols 1a-1l to furnish branched products of C-C bond formation 4a-4l with good levels of anti-diastereo- and enantioselectivity. In the presence of 2-propanol, but under otherwise identical conditions, vinyl aziridine 3a and aldehydes 2a-2l engage in reductive coupling to furnish an equivalent set of adducts 4a-4l with roughly equivalent levels of anti-diastereo- and enantioselectivity. Using enantiomeric iridium catalysts, vinyl aziridine 3a reacts with unprotected chiral 1,3-diols 1m-1o in a site-selective manner to deliver the diastereomeric products of C-allylation syn-4m, -4n, -4o and anti-4m, -4n, -4o, respectively, with good isolated yields and excellent levels of catalyst-directed diastereoselectivity. These adducts were directly converted to the diastereomeric 2,4,5-trisubstituted piperidines syn-5m, -5n, -5o and anti-5m, -5n, -5o.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Wang
- University of Texas at Austin, Department of Chemistry, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Jana Franke
- University of Texas at Austin, Department of Chemistry, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Chinh Q Ngo
- University of Texas at Austin, Department of Chemistry, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Michael J Krische
- University of Texas at Austin, Department of Chemistry, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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47
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Yoganathan S, Miller SJ. Structure diversification of vancomycin through peptide-catalyzed, site-selective lipidation: a catalysis-based approach to combat glycopeptide-resistant pathogens. J Med Chem 2015; 58:2367-77. [PMID: 25671771 DOI: 10.1021/jm501872s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of antibiotic-resistant infections highlights the need for novel antibiotic leads, perhaps with a broader spectrum of activity. Herein, we disclose a semisynthetic, catalytic approach for structure diversification of vancomycin. We have identified three unique peptide catalysts that exhibit site-selectivity for the lipidation of the aliphatic hydroxyls on vancomycin, generating three new derivatives 9a, 9b, and 9c. Incorporation of lipid chains into the vancomycin scaffold provides promising improvement of its bioactivity against vancomycin-resistant enterococci (Van A and Van B phenotypes of VRE). The MICs for 9a, 9b, and 9c against MRSA and VRE (Van B phenotype) range from 0.12 to 0.25 μg/mL. We have also performed a structure-activity relationship (SAR) study to investigate the effect of lipid chain length at the newly accessible G4-OH derivatization site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabesan Yoganathan
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University , P.O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107, United States
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48
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Taylor MS. Catalysis based on reversible covalent interactions of organoboron compounds. Acc Chem Res 2015; 48:295-305. [PMID: 25493641 DOI: 10.1021/ar500371z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
CONSPECTUS: An Account of the development of organoboron-catalyzed methods for chemo- or regioselective activation of pyruvic acids, diols, and carbohydrate derivatives is presented. These methods are based on reversible, covalent interactions that have been exploited extensively in host-guest chemistry, but were comparatively underutilized in catalysis. Important differences between the established properties of organboron compounds in molecular recognition and their behavior as catalysts emerged over the course of this work: for instance, borinic acids, which have largely been ignored in molecular recognition, proved to be a particularly useful class of catalysts. Nonetheless, the high selectivity that has enabled applications of organoboron compounds in molecular recognition (e.g., the selective binding of cis-1,2-diol groups in carbohydrates) also appears to play a key role in the outcomes of catalytic reactions. This research program began as a modest, narrowly defined project aimed at developing direct aldol reactions based on established interactions between pyruvic acids and boronic acids. While this goal was achieved, it was unexpected observations related to the nature of the nucleophile in this transformation (a putative tetracoordinate boron enolate) that attracted our attention and pointed toward broader applications in the catalyst-controlled, regioselective functionalization of polyols. This line of research proved to be fruitful: diarylborinic-acid-based precatalysts were found to promote efficient monoalkylations, sulfonylations, and alkylations of a range of diol substrates, as well as cis-1,2-diol motifs in pyranoside-derived triols. Extension of this chemistry to glycosyl donors as electrophiles enabled the regioselective, catalyst-controlled synthesis of disaccharides from readily accessible feedstocks, and was also employed to modify the oligosaccharide component of a complex, glycosylated natural product. Mechanistic studies have played an important role in our efforts to optimize catalyst activity and expand substrate scope for this class of transformations. For instance, it was kinetic studies of the sulfonylation of diols that motivated us to investigate heteroboraanthracene-derived borinic acids as catalysts, despite their low affinity for these substrates. Likewise, preliminary studies suggesting an SN2-type pathway for organoboron-catalyzed glycosylations were instrumental in our development of a method for selective formation of β-2-deoxyglycosides. Details of these mechanistic studies, along with prospects for applying catalyst-controlled glycosylation in oligosaccharide synthesis and natural product glycorandomization, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark S. Taylor
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
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49
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Taylor MS. Catalyst-Controlled, Regioselective Reactions of Carbohydrate Derivatives. SITE-SELECTIVE CATALYSIS 2015; 372:125-55. [DOI: 10.1007/128_2015_656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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50
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Shin I, Wang G, Krische MJ. Catalyst-directed diastereo- and site-selectivity in successive nucleophilic and electrophilic allylations of chiral 1,3-diols: protecting-group-free synthesis of substituted pyrans. Chemistry 2014; 20:13382-9. [PMID: 25169904 PMCID: PMC4177504 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201404065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The iridium-catalyzed, protecting group-free synthesis of 4-hydroxy-2,6-cis- or trans-pyrans through successive nucleophilic and electrophilic allylations of chiral 1,3-diols occurs with complete levels of catalyst-directed diastereoselectivity in the absence of protecting groups, premetallated reagents, or discrete alcohol-to-aldehyde redox reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inji Shin
- University of Texas at Austin, Department of Chemistry, 1 University Station – A5300, Austin, TX 78712-1167 (USA)
| | - Gang Wang
- University of Texas at Austin, Department of Chemistry, 1 University Station – A5300, Austin, TX 78712-1167 (USA)
| | - Michael J. Krische
- University of Texas at Austin, Department of Chemistry, 1 University Station – A5300, Austin, TX 78712-1167 (USA)
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