1
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Liu L, Luo R, Tong J, Liao J. Iridium-catalysed reductive allylic amination of α,β-unsaturated aldehydes. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:585-589. [PMID: 38131265 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob01753b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Allylic amination is a powerful tool for constructing N-allylic amines widely found in bioactive molecules. Generally, allylic alcohols and unsaturated hydrocarbons have been considered for allylic amination reactions to minimize waste production. Herein, we present an iridium-catalysed method for reductive allylic amination of α,β-unsaturated aldehydes with amines to afford N-allylic amines under air conditions. This protocol is demonstrated to provide products from many substrates (41 examples) in moderate-to-excellent yields. This synthetic methodology is also highlighted by the synthesis of drug molecules, optically pure products, as well as scale-up experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi Province, P. R. China.
| | - Renshi Luo
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan, 512005, Guangdong Province, P. R. China
| | - Jinghui Tong
- School of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi Province, P. R. China.
| | - Jianhua Liao
- School of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi Province, P. R. China.
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2
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Gribble GW. Naturally Occurring Organohalogen Compounds-A Comprehensive Review. PROGRESS IN THE CHEMISTRY OF ORGANIC NATURAL PRODUCTS 2023; 121:1-546. [PMID: 37488466 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-26629-4_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
The present volume is the third in a trilogy that documents naturally occurring organohalogen compounds, bringing the total number-from fewer than 25 in 1968-to approximately 8000 compounds to date. Nearly all of these natural products contain chlorine or bromine, with a few containing iodine and, fewer still, fluorine. Produced by ubiquitous marine (algae, sponges, corals, bryozoa, nudibranchs, fungi, bacteria) and terrestrial organisms (plants, fungi, bacteria, insects, higher animals) and universal abiotic processes (volcanos, forest fires, geothermal events), organohalogens pervade the global ecosystem. Newly identified extraterrestrial sources are also documented. In addition to chemical structures, biological activity, biohalogenation, biodegradation, natural function, and future outlook are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gordon W Gribble
- Department of Chemistry, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA.
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3
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Furuya S, Kanemoto K, Fukuzawa SI. exo'-Selective Construction of Spirobipyrrolidines by the Silver-catalyzed Asymmetric [3+2] Cycloaddition of Imino Esters with 4-Benzylidene-2,3-dioxopyrrolidines. Chem Asian J 2022; 17:e202200239. [PMID: 35486803 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202200239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The unprecedented Ag-catalyzed exo ' -selective [3+2] cycloaddition of imino esters with 4-benzylidene-2,3-dioxopyrrolidines is described. The reaction was efficiently catalyzed by AgOAc/( R , S p )-ThioClickFerrophos (TCF) leading to the construction of the corresponding spirobipyrrolidine scaffolds in excellent enantio- and diastereoselectivities. This reaction is the first example of a silver-catalyzed exo ' -selective asymmetric [3+2] cycloaddition, as well as the first exo ' -selective spirobipyrrolidine construction via a [3+2] cycloaddition process using imino esters. The wide substrate scope of this reaction enabled the preparation of structurally diverse spirobipyrrolidine derivatives, which are attracting attention as targets for drug discovery. Mechanistic studies suggested that the unusual exo ' -selectivity of this reaction is not due to epimerization following the common exo - or endo -selective cycloaddition, but instead is due to a stepwise Michael addition/Mannich sequence with bond rotation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shohei Furuya
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Chuo University, 1-13-27 Kasuga Bunkyo-ku, 112-8551, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuya Kanemoto
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Chuo University, 1-13-27 Kasuga Bunkyo-ku, 112-8551, Tokyo, Japan
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, 980-8578, Sendai, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Fukuzawa
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Chuo University, 1-13-27 Kasuga Bunkyo-ku, 112-8551, Tokyo, Japan
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4
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Wang JJ, Bai R, Yang MQ, Chen ZY, Wang MD, Zhao Q, Lin G, Fu JG, Feng CG. Total Synthesis of (-)-Amathaspiramide A via One-pot Aldol Addition/Transamidification Reaction. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qo00032f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The total synthesis of (-)-amathaspiramide A was accomplished through an efficient construction of chiral aza-spirobicyclic core by aldol addition/transamidification cascade. The scope of the efficient construction methodology was investigated. Configuration...
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5
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Henry Blackwell J, Harris GR, Smith MA, Gaunt MJ. Modular Photocatalytic Synthesis of α-Trialkyl-α-Tertiary Amines. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:15946-15959. [PMID: 34551248 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c07402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Molecules displaying an α-trialkyl-α-tertiary amine motif provide access to an important and versatile area of biologically relevant chemical space but are challenging to access through existing synthetic methods. Here, we report an operationally straightforward, multicomponent protocol for the synthesis of a range of functionally and structurally diverse α-trialkyl-α-tertiary amines, which makes use of three readily available components: dialkyl ketones, benzylamines, and alkenes. The strategy relies on the of use visible-light-mediated photocatalysis with readily available Ir(III) complexes to bring about single-electron reduction of an all-alkyl ketimine species to an α-amino radical intermediate; the α-amino radical undergoes Giese-type addition with a variety of alkenes to forge the α-trialkyl-α-tertiary amine center. The mechanism of this process is believed to proceed through an overall redox neutral pathway that involves photocatalytic redox-relay of the imine, generated from the starting amine-ketone condensation, through to an imine-derived product. This is possible because the presence of a benzylic amine component in the intermediate scaffold drives a 1,5-hydrogen atom transfer step after the Giese addition to form a stable benzylic α-amino radical, which is able to close the photocatalytic cycle. These studies detail the evolution of the reaction platform, an extensive investigation of the substrate scope, and preliminary investigation of some of the mechanistic features of this distinct photocatalytic process. We believe this transformation will provide convenient access to previously unexplored α-trialkyl-α-tertiary amine scaffolds that should be of considerable interest to practitioners of synthetic and medicinal chemistry in academic and industrial institutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Henry Blackwell
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Georgia R Harris
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Milo A Smith
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew J Gaunt
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
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6
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Dai RH, Han L, Wang Q, Tian SK. Strain-release C-C bond cleavage enables the [2,3]-sigmatropic rearrangement of tertiary allylamines. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:8449-8451. [PMID: 34342309 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc03141d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
A new strategy has been established for the [2,3]-sigmatropic rearrangement of quaternary allylammonium ylides, generated in situ from tertiary allylamines and a bicyclo[1.1.0]butane via strain-release C-C bond cleavage. A range of tertiary allylamines with an acidic α-C-H bond participated in the 1-sulfonylbicyclo[1.1.0]butane-mediated [2,3]-sigmatropic rearrangement, delivering structurally diverse N-cyclobutyl homoallylamines in moderate to excellent yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Han Dai
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis (CAS), and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China.
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7
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Han L, Zhang XT, Xie D, Tian SK. Aryne-mediated [2,3]-sigmatropic rearrangement of tertiary 2,3-allenylamines bearing an electron-withdrawing group at the α-position. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:5353-5357. [PMID: 34047329 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob00887k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
An unprecedented [2,3]-sigmatropic rearrangement reaction of quaternary 2,3-allenylammonium ylides, generated in situ from tertiary 2,3-allenylamines and arynes, has been established. With 2-(trimethylsilyl)aryl triflates as aryne precursors, a range of tertiary 2,3-allenylamines bearing an electron-withdrawing group at the α-position smoothly participated in the aryne-mediated [2,3]-sigmatropic rearrangement at room temperature, delivering structurally diverse 2-vinylallyamines or 1-amino-1,3-dienes in moderate to excellent yields. The reaction proceeds in the absence of strong bases and transition metals, is compatible with moisture and air, and tolerates a wide variety of functional groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Han
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis (CAS), and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China.
| | - Xue-Ting Zhang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis (CAS), and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China.
| | - Dong Xie
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis (CAS), and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China.
| | - Shi-Kai Tian
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis (CAS), and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China.
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8
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Chen Z, Lin B, Chen L, Zou Y, Yan M, Zhang X. Perfluorobutyl Iodide Mediated [1,2] and [2,3] Stevens Rearrangement for the Synthesis of Indolin‐3‐Ones. Adv Synth Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202000427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhen‐Yu Chen
- The Institute of Drug Synthesis and Pharmaceutical Process School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510006 People's Republic of China
| | - Bi‐Zhen Lin
- The Institute of Drug Synthesis and Pharmaceutical Process School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510006 People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Chen
- The Institute of Drug Synthesis and Pharmaceutical Process School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510006 People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Zou
- The Institute of Drug Synthesis and Pharmaceutical Process School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510006 People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Yan
- The Institute of Drug Synthesis and Pharmaceutical Process School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510006 People's Republic of China
| | - Xue‐Jing Zhang
- The Institute of Drug Synthesis and Pharmaceutical Process School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510006 People's Republic of China
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9
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Exploring the Scope of Tandem Palladium and Isothiourea Relay Catalysis for the Synthesis of α-Amino Acid Derivatives. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25102463. [PMID: 32466341 PMCID: PMC7287902 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25102463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The scope and limitations of a tandem N-allylation/[2,3]-rearrangement protocol are investigated through the incorporation of a variety of functional groups within an allylic phosphate precursor. This method uses readily accessible N,N-dimethylglycine aryl esters and functionalized allylic phosphates, forming quaternary ammonium salts in situ in the presence of a palladium catalyst. Subsequent enantioselective [2,3]-sigmatropic rearrangement, promoted by the chiral isothiourea tetramisole, generates α-amino acid derivatives with two contiguous stereocenters. The incorporation of electron-withdrawing ester and amide groups gave the best results, furnishing the desired products in moderate to good yields (29–70%), with low diastereocontrol (typically 60:40 dr) but high enantioselectivity (up to 90:10 er). These results indicate that substrate–catalyst interactions in the proposed transition state are sensitive to the substitution pattern of the substrates.
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10
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Lin Q, Hu B, Xu X, Dong S, Liu X, Feng X. Chiral N, N'-dioxide/Mg(OTf) 2 complex-catalyzed asymmetric [2,3]-rearrangement of in situ generated ammonium salts. Chem Sci 2020; 11:3068-3073. [PMID: 34122811 PMCID: PMC8157646 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc06342k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Catalytic enantioselective [2,3]-rearrangements of in situ generated ammonium ylides from glycine pyrazoleamides and allyl bromides were achieved by employing a chiral N,N'-dioxide/MgII complex as the catalyst. This protocol provided a facile and efficient synthesis route to a series of anti-α-amino acid derivatives in good yields with high stereoselectivities. Moreover, a possible catalytic cycle was proposed to illustrate the reaction process and the origin of stereoselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianchi Lin
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University Chengdu 610064 China
| | - Bowen Hu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University Chengdu 610064 China
| | - Xi Xu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University Chengdu 610064 China
| | - Shunxi Dong
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University Chengdu 610064 China
| | - Xiaohua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University Chengdu 610064 China
| | - Xiaoming Feng
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University Chengdu 610064 China
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11
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Jin Y, Yu B, Qin S, Tian S. Epoxide‐Mediated Stevens Rearrangements of α‐Amino‐Acid‐Derived Tertiary Allylic, Propargylic, and Benzylic Amines: Convenient Access to Polysubstituted Morpholin‐2‐ones. Chemistry 2019; 25:5169-5172. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201900635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- You‐Xiang Jin
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, and Department of ChemistryUniversity of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui 230026 China
| | - Bang‐Kui Yu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, and Department of ChemistryUniversity of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui 230026 China
| | - Si‐Ping Qin
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, and Department of ChemistryUniversity of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui 230026 China
| | - Shi‐Kai Tian
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, and Department of ChemistryUniversity of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui 230026 China
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry of Natural SubstancesShanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 200032 China
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12
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Cheng JT, Zheng X, Huang PQ. Construction of multifunctional heterocycles bearing aza-quaternary carbons by titanocene-catalyzed umpolung reactions. Tetrahedron 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2018.11.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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13
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Cho H, Jeon H, Shin JE, Lee S, Park S, Kim S. Asymmetric Synthesis of Cα-Substituted Prolines through Curtin-Hammett-Controlled Diastereoselective N-Alkylation. Chemistry 2019; 25:2447-2451. [PMID: 30569571 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201804965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Asymmetric synthesis of α-substituted proline derivatives has been accomplished by an efficient chirality-transfer method. High diastereoselectivity of the N-alkylation of the proline ester (C→N chirality transfer) was achieved when a 2,3-disubstituted benzyl group was used as the N-substituent. DFT calculations provided a mechanistic rationale for the high degree of stereoselectivity. The generated N-chirality of the quaternary ammonium salt was transferred back to the α-carbon through a stereoselective [2,3]-Stevens rearrangement (N→C chirality transfer) to give α-substituted proline ester.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunkyung Cho
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Hongjun Jeon
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Jae Eui Shin
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Seokwoo Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Soojun Park
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Sanghee Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Korea
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14
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Cho H, Shin JE, Lee S, Jeon H, Park S, Kim S. Asymmetric Cα-Alkylation of Proline via Chirality Transfers of Conformationally Restricted Proline Derivative: Application to the Total Synthesis of (-)-Amathaspiramide F. Org Lett 2018; 20:6121-6125. [PMID: 30234312 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b02568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
An efficient strategy for the asymmetric synthesis of Cα-tetrasubstituted proline derivatives from proline has been established. A nitrogen-fused bicyclic system was devised to control the stereodynamics of proline. Through N-quaternizations with allylic electrophiles followed by [2,3]-rearrangements, the bicyclic proline system delivered enantioenriched Cα-tetrasubstituted prolines. This strategy was applied to the concise total synthesis of (-)-amathaspiramide F.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunkyung Cho
- College of Pharmacy , Seoul National University , 1 Gwanak-ro , Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826 , Korea
| | - Jae Eui Shin
- College of Pharmacy , Seoul National University , 1 Gwanak-ro , Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826 , Korea
| | - Seokwoo Lee
- College of Pharmacy , Seoul National University , 1 Gwanak-ro , Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826 , Korea
| | - Hongjun Jeon
- College of Pharmacy , Seoul National University , 1 Gwanak-ro , Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826 , Korea
| | - Soojun Park
- College of Pharmacy , Seoul National University , 1 Gwanak-ro , Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826 , Korea
| | - Sanghee Kim
- College of Pharmacy , Seoul National University , 1 Gwanak-ro , Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826 , Korea
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15
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Bugaenko DI, Karchava AV, Yurovskaya MA. Arynes, diaryliodonium salts and azine N-oxides in transition metal-free electrophilic N-arylation. RUSSIAN CHEMICAL REVIEWS 2018. [DOI: 10.1070/rcr4781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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16
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Spoehrle SSM, West TH, Taylor JE, Slawin AMZ, Smith AD. Tandem Palladium and Isothiourea Relay Catalysis: Enantioselective Synthesis of α-Amino Acid Derivatives via Allylic Amination and [2,3]-Sigmatropic Rearrangement. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:11895-11902. [PMID: 28763205 PMCID: PMC5579534 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b05619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
![]()
A tandem relay catalytic protocol
using both Pd and isothiourea
catalysis has been developed for the enantioselective synthesis
of α-amino acid derivatives containing two stereogenic
centers from readily accessible N,N-disubstituted glycine aryl esters and allylic phosphates. The optimized
process uses a bench-stable succinimide-based Pd precatalyst
(FurCat) to promote Pd-catalyzed allylic ammonium salt generation
from the allylic phosphate and the glycine aryl ester. Subsequent
in situ enantioselective [2,3]-sigmatropic rearrangement catalyzed
by the isothiourea benzotetramisole forms syn-α-amino acid derivatives with high diastereo- and enantioselectivity.
This methodology is most effective using 4-nitrophenylglycine
esters and tolerates a variety of substituted cinnamic and styrenyl
allylic ethyl phosphates. The use of challenging unsymmetrical N-allyl-N-methylglycine esters is also
tolerated under the catalytic relay conditions without compromising
stereoselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie S M Spoehrle
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews , North Haugh, St Andrews KY16 9ST, U.K
| | - Thomas H West
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews , North Haugh, St Andrews KY16 9ST, U.K
| | - James E Taylor
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews , North Haugh, St Andrews KY16 9ST, U.K
| | - Alexandra M Z Slawin
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews , North Haugh, St Andrews KY16 9ST, U.K
| | - Andrew D Smith
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews , North Haugh, St Andrews KY16 9ST, U.K
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17
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Transition metal-catalyzed [2,3]-sigmatropic rearrangements of ylides: An update of the most recent advances. Tetrahedron 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2016.11.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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18
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West TH, Walden DM, Taylor JE, Brueckner AC, Johnston RC, Cheong PHY, Lloyd-Jones GC, Smith AD. Catalytic Enantioselective [2,3]-Rearrangements of Allylic Ammonium Ylides: A Mechanistic and Computational Study. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:4366-4375. [PMID: 28230365 PMCID: PMC5374492 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b11851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A mechanistic study of the isothiourea-catalyzed enantioselective [2,3]-rearrangement of allylic ammonium ylides is described. Reaction kinetic analyses using 19F NMR and density functional theory computations have elucidated a reaction profile and allowed identification of the catalyst resting state and turnover-rate limiting step. A catalytically relevant catalyst-substrate adduct has been observed, and its constitution elucidated unambiguously by 13C and 15N isotopic labeling. Isotopic entrainment has shown the observed catalyst-substrate adduct to be a genuine intermediate on the productive cycle toward catalysis. The influence of HOBt as an additive upon the reaction, catalyst resting state, and turnover-rate limiting step has been examined. Crossover experiments have probed the reversibility of each of the proposed steps of the catalytic cycle. Computations were also used to elucidate the origins of stereocontrol, with a 1,5-S···O interaction and the catalyst stereodirecting group providing transition structure rigidification and enantioselectivity, while preference for cation-π interactions over C-H···π is responsible for diastereoselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas H West
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews , North Haugh, St. Andrews, KY16 9ST, U.K
| | - Daniel M Walden
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University , 153 Gilbert Hall, Corvallis, Oregon 97333, United States
| | - James E Taylor
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews , North Haugh, St. Andrews, KY16 9ST, U.K
| | - Alexander C Brueckner
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University , 153 Gilbert Hall, Corvallis, Oregon 97333, United States
| | - Ryne C Johnston
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University , 153 Gilbert Hall, Corvallis, Oregon 97333, United States
| | - Paul Ha-Yeon Cheong
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University , 153 Gilbert Hall, Corvallis, Oregon 97333, United States
| | - Guy C Lloyd-Jones
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh , Joseph Black Building, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3FJ, U.K
| | - Andrew D Smith
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews , North Haugh, St. Andrews, KY16 9ST, U.K
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19
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Eckermann R, Breunig M, Gaich T. Formal Total Synthesis of (±)-Strictamine by [2,3]-Sigmatropic Stevens Rearrangements. Chemistry 2017; 23:3938-3949. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201605361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ruben Eckermann
- Faculty of Chemistry; University of Konstanz; Universitätsstr. 10 78457 Konstanz Germany
- Current address: Department of Medicinal Chemistry; University of Minnesota; 2231 Sixth Street SE Minneapolis Minnesota 55455 USA
| | - Michael Breunig
- Faculty of Chemistry; University of Konstanz; Universitätsstr. 10 78457 Konstanz Germany
| | - Tanja Gaich
- Faculty of Chemistry; University of Konstanz; Universitätsstr. 10 78457 Konstanz Germany
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20
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21
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Moss SG, Pocock IA, Sweeney JB. Tandem Aryne-Capture/Sigmatropic Rearrangement as a Metal-Free Entry to Functionalized N
-Aryl Pyrrolidines. Chemistry 2016; 23:101-104. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201605290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sam G. Moss
- Department of Chemical Sciences; University of Huddersfield, Queensgate; Huddersfield HD1 3DH UK
| | - Ian A. Pocock
- Department of Chemical Sciences; University of Huddersfield, Queensgate; Huddersfield HD1 3DH UK
| | - Joseph B. Sweeney
- Department of Chemical Sciences; University of Huddersfield, Queensgate; Huddersfield HD1 3DH UK
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22
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Roy T, Thangaraj M, Kaicharla T, Kamath RV, Gonnade RG, Biju AT. The Aryne [2,3] Stevens Rearrangement. Org Lett 2016; 18:5428-5431. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.6b02809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tony Roy
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi 110020, India
| | | | - Trinadh Kaicharla
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi 110020, India
| | | | | | - Akkattu T. Biju
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi 110020, India
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23
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Zhang J, Chen ZX, Du T, Li B, Gu Y, Tian SK. Aryne-Mediated [2,3]-Sigmatropic Rearrangement of Tertiary Allylic Amines. Org Lett 2016; 18:4872-4875. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.6b02344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Zhang
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Zhi-Xiong Chen
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Ting Du
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Bing Li
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Yonghong Gu
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Shi-Kai Tian
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
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24
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Cai SL, Song R, Dong HQ, Lin GQ, Sun XW. Practical Asymmetric Synthesis of Amathaspiramides B, D, and F. Org Lett 2016; 18:1996-9. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.6b00588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sen-Lin Cai
- Department
of Chemistry, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Ran Song
- Department
of Chemistry, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Han-Qing Dong
- Shanghai
Institute of Organic Chemistry, CAS, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Guo-Qiang Lin
- Department
of Chemistry, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, China
- Shanghai
Institute of Organic Chemistry, CAS, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xing-Wen Sun
- Department
of Chemistry, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, China
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25
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Mailyan AK, Eickhoff JA, Minakova AS, Gu Z, Lu P, Zakarian A. Cutting-Edge and Time-Honored Strategies for Stereoselective Construction of C–N Bonds in Total Synthesis. Chem Rev 2016; 116:4441-557. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Artur K. Mailyan
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - John A. Eickhoff
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Anastasiia S. Minakova
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Zhenhua Gu
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Ping Lu
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Armen Zakarian
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
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26
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Shimokawa J, Chiyoda K, Umihara H, Fukuyama T. Antiproliferative Activity of Amathaspiramide Alkaloids and Analogs. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2016; 64:1239-41. [DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c16-00256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Shimokawa
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University
| | - Koji Chiyoda
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tokyo
| | | | - Tohru Fukuyama
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University
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27
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Hager A, Vrielink N, Hager D, Lefranc J, Trauner D. Synthetic approaches towards alkaloids bearing α-tertiary amines. Nat Prod Rep 2015; 33:491-522. [PMID: 26621771 DOI: 10.1039/c5np00096c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Alkaloids account for some of the most beautiful and biologically active natural products. Although they are usually classified along biosynthetic criteria, they can also be categorized according to certain structural motifs. Amongst these, the α-tertiary amine (ATA), i.e. a tetrasubstituted carbon atom surrounded by three carbons and one nitrogen, is particularly interesting. A limited number of methods have been described to access this functional group and fewer still are commonly used in synthesis. Herein, we review some approaches to asymmetrically access ATAs and provide an overview of alkaloid total syntheses where those have been employed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Hager
- Fakultät für Chemie und Pharmazie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, and Munich Center for Integrated Protein Science, Butenandtstr. 5 - 13, 81377 München, Germany.
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28
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West TH, Spoehrle SSM, Kasten K, Taylor JE, Smith AD. Catalytic Stereoselective [2,3]-Rearrangement Reactions. ACS Catal 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.5b02070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas H. West
- EaStCHEM,
School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, North Haugh, St. Andrews KY16 9ST, United Kingdom
| | - Stéphanie S. M. Spoehrle
- EaStCHEM,
School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, North Haugh, St. Andrews KY16 9ST, United Kingdom
| | - Kevin Kasten
- EaStCHEM,
School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, North Haugh, St. Andrews KY16 9ST, United Kingdom
| | - James E. Taylor
- EaStCHEM,
School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, North Haugh, St. Andrews KY16 9ST, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew D. Smith
- EaStCHEM,
School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, North Haugh, St. Andrews KY16 9ST, United Kingdom
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29
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Li C, Yang W, Luo X, Deng W. Diastereodivergent Asymmetric Michael Addition of Cyclic Azomethine Ylides to Nitroalkenes: Direct Approach for the Synthesis of 1,7‐Diazaspiro[4.4]nonane Diastereoisomers. Chemistry 2015; 21:19048-57. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201503729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chun‐Yan Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of, Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237 (P.R. China)
| | - Wu‐Lin Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of, Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237 (P.R. China)
| | - Xiaoyan Luo
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of, Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237 (P.R. China)
| | - Wei‐Ping Deng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of, Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237 (P.R. China)
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30
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O'Connor M, Sun C, Lee D. Synthesis of Amathaspiramides by Aminocyanation of Enoates. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:9963-6. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201503982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew O'Connor
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 West Taylor Street, Chicago, IL (USA)
| | - Chunrui Sun
- Merck Discovery Chemistry, 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, NJ 07033 (USA)
| | - Daesung Lee
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 West Taylor Street, Chicago, IL (USA)
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31
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O'Connor M, Sun C, Lee D. Synthesis of Amathaspiramides by Aminocyanation of Enoates. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201503982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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32
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Li B, Wang G, Xu Z, Zhang Y, Huang X, Zeng B, Chen K, Shi J, Wang H, Zhu W. Discovery of N-substituted 3-arylisoquinolone derivatives as antitumor agents originating from O-substituted 3-arylisoquinolines via [2,3] or [3,3] rearrangement. Eur J Med Chem 2014; 77:204-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2014] [Revised: 03/03/2014] [Accepted: 03/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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33
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West TH, Daniels DSB, Slawin AMZ, Smith AD. An Isothiourea-Catalyzed Asymmetric [2,3]-Rearrangement of Allylic Ammonium Ylides. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:4476-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ja500758n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas H. West
- EaStCHEM,
School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews KY16 9ST, U.K
| | - David S. B. Daniels
- EaStCHEM,
School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews KY16 9ST, U.K
| | - Alexandra M. Z. Slawin
- EaStCHEM,
School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews KY16 9ST, U.K
| | - Andrew D. Smith
- EaStCHEM,
School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews KY16 9ST, U.K
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