1
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Zimmermann ML, Feldballe DM, Pedersen CM. Silylene acetals from cheap reagents: synthesis and regioselective opening. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:5977-5981. [PMID: 38984612 DOI: 10.1039/d4ob00721b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
In this communication, a practical method for using cheap and easily available silylene chlorides for diol protection is presented. The method is based on activation of the reagents using Finkelstein-like conditions. Silylene acetals of carbohydrates are synthesized, and it is furthermore shown how these can be regioselectively opened using Grignard reagents.
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2
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Abstract
The structural complexity of glycans poses a serious challenge in the chemical synthesis of glycosides, oligosaccharides and glycoconjugates. Glycan complexity, determined by composition, connectivity, and configuration far exceeds what nature achieves with nucleic acids and proteins. Consequently, glycoside synthesis ranks among the most complex tasks in organic synthesis, despite involving only a simple type of bond-forming reaction. Here, we introduce the fundamental principles of glycoside bond formation and summarize recent advances in glycoside bond formation and oligosaccharide synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conor J Crawford
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute for Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany.
| | - Peter H Seeberger
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute for Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany.
- Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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3
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Keenan T, Hatton NE, Porter J, Vendeville JB, Wheatley DE, Ghirardello M, Wahart AJC, Ahmadipour S, Walton J, Galan MC, Linclau B, Miller GJ, Fascione MA. Reverse thiophosphorylase activity of a glycoside phosphorylase in the synthesis of an unnatural Manβ1,4GlcNAc library. Chem Sci 2023; 14:11638-11646. [PMID: 37920340 PMCID: PMC10619541 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc04169g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
β-Mannosides are ubiquitous in nature, with diverse roles in many biological processes. Notably, Manβ1,4GlcNAc a constituent of the core N-glycan in eukaryotes was recently identified as an immune activator, highlighting its potential for use in immunotherapy. Despite their biological significance, the synthesis of β-mannosidic linkages remains one of the major challenges in glycoscience. Here we present a chemoenzymatic strategy that affords a series of novel unnatural Manβ1,4GlcNAc analogues using the β-1,4-d-mannosyl-N-acetyl-d-glucosamine phosphorylase, BT1033. We show that the presence of fluorine in the GlcNAc acceptor facilitates the formation of longer β-mannan-like glycans. We also pioneer a "reverse thiophosphorylase" enzymatic activity, favouring the synthesis of longer glycans by catalysing the formation of a phosphorolysis-stable thioglycoside linkage, an approach that may be generally applicable to other phosphorylases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tessa Keenan
- Department of Chemistry, University of York Heslington York YO10 5DD UK
| | - Natasha E Hatton
- Department of Chemistry, University of York Heslington York YO10 5DD UK
| | - Jack Porter
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences and Centre for Glycosciences, Keele University Keele, Staffordshire ST5 5BG UK
| | | | - David E Wheatley
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton Highfield Southampton SO17 1BJ UK
| | - Mattia Ghirardello
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol Cantock's Close Bristol BS8 1TS UK
| | - Alice J C Wahart
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences and Centre for Glycosciences, Keele University Keele, Staffordshire ST5 5BG UK
| | - Sanaz Ahmadipour
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences and Centre for Glycosciences, Keele University Keele, Staffordshire ST5 5BG UK
| | - Julia Walton
- Department of Chemistry, University of York Heslington York YO10 5DD UK
| | - M Carmen Galan
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol Cantock's Close Bristol BS8 1TS UK
| | - Bruno Linclau
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton Highfield Southampton SO17 1BJ UK
- Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University Campus Sterre, Krijgslaan 281-S4 Ghent 9000 Belgium
| | - Gavin J Miller
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences and Centre for Glycosciences, Keele University Keele, Staffordshire ST5 5BG UK
| | - Martin A Fascione
- Department of Chemistry, University of York Heslington York YO10 5DD UK
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4
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Tong X, Li Z, Xi B, Wang Z, Li Y, Xue W. 3,5-Di(trifluoromethyl)phenyl(cyano)iodonium triflate as a novel and potential activator for p-tolyl thioglycoside donors. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:2101-2106. [PMID: 36815222 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob01940j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
3,5-Di(trifluoromethyl)phenyl(cyano)iodonium triflate is described as an accessible, stable, and powerful thiophile that can activate batches of p-tolyl thioglycoside donors at room temperature. Various alcoholic acceptors were efficiently glycosylated, providing the desired glycosides. The novel activation protocol features mild conditions as well as high compatibility with some classic strategies for the stereoselective construction of some biologically relevant glycosidic linkages, as exemplified by α-idosides, α-galactoamines, β-mannosides, and β-rhamnosides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Tong
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China.
| | - Zuowa Li
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China.
| | - Boting Xi
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China.
| | - Zhaoyan Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China.
| | - Yuan Li
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China.
| | - Weihua Xue
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China.
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5
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Sasaki K, Uesaki N. Conformationally restricted donors for stereoselective glycosylation. Adv Carbohydr Chem Biochem 2022; 82:107-155. [PMID: 36470647 DOI: 10.1016/bs.accb.2022.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In nucleophilic reactions using sugars as electrophiles, i.e., glycosyl donors, their conformation affects the generation rate or stability of the glycosyl cation intermediates and determines at which side of the SN2-SN1 borderline and at what rate the reaction occurs. In addition, changes in the conformation create the steric or stereoelectronic effects of the substituents, which also change the reaction rate and stereoselectivity. Bulky silyl protecting groups, uronic acid esters, and transannular structures have been utilized to change the conformation. Consequently, reactions with unique reactivities and stereoselectivities have been developed. In this chapter, a discussion of the reaction mechanisms relating stereoselectivity to conformation is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaname Sasaki
- Department of Chemistry, Toho University, Funabashi, Japan.
| | - Nanako Uesaki
- Department of Chemistry, Toho University, Funabashi, Japan
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6
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Trinderup HH, Juul-Madsen L, Press L, Madsen M, Jensen HH. α-Selective Glucosylation Can Be Achieved with 6- O- para-Nitrobenzoyl Protection. J Org Chem 2022; 87:13763-13789. [PMID: 36206491 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c01475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
A systematic study of the effect of various 6-O-acyl groups on anomeric selectivity in glucosylations with thioglycoside donors was conducted. All eight different esters were found to induce moderate-to-high α-selectivity in glucosylation with l-menthol with the best being 6-O-p-nitrobenzoyl. The effect appears to be general across various glucosyl acceptors, glucosyl donor types, and modes of activation. No evidence was found in favor of distal participation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helle H Trinderup
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Line Juul-Madsen
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Laura Press
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Michael Madsen
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Henrik H Jensen
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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7
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McMillan TF, Crich D. Influence of 3-Thio Substituents on Benzylidene-Directed Mannosylation. Isolation of a Bridged Pyridinium Ion and Effects of 3- O-Picolyl and 3- S-Picolyl Esters. European J Org Chem 2022; 2022:e202200320. [PMID: 36340645 PMCID: PMC9632450 DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202200320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
The influence on glycosyl selectivity of substituting oxygen for sulfur at the 3-position of 4,6-O-benzylidene-protected mannopyranosyl thioglycosides is reported and varies considerably according to the protecting group employed at the 3-position. The substitution of a thioether at the 3-position for the more usual 3-O-benzyl ether results in a significant loss of selectivity. The installation of a 3-S-picolinyl thioether results in a complex reaction mixture, from which a stable seven-membered bridged bicyclic pyridinium ion is isolated, while the corresponding 3-O-picolinyl ether affords a highly α-selective coupling reaction. A 3-O-picolyl ester provides excellent β-selectivity, while the analogous 3-S-picolyl thioester gives a highly α-selective reaction. The best β-selectivity is seen with a 3-deoxy-3-(2-pyridinyldisulfanyl) system. These observations are discussed in terms of the influence of the various substituents on the central glycosyl triflate - ion pair equilibrium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy F McMillan
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Avenue, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, 250 West Green Street, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - David Crich
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Avenue, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, 250 West Green Street, Athens, GA 30602, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, 1001 Cedar Street, Athens, GA 30602, USA
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA 30602, USA
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8
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Feng Y, Yang J, Cai C, Sun T, Zhang Q, Chai Y. Catalytic and highly stereoselective β-mannopyranosylation using a 2,6-lactone-bridged mannopyranosyl ortho-hexynylbenzoate as donor. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2022.02.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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9
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Hettiarachchi IL, Meng S, Chahine M, Li X, Zhu J. Stereoselective β-Mannosylation via Anomeric O-Alkylation with L-Sugar-Derived Electrophiles. European J Org Chem 2021; 2021:6682-6687. [PMID: 35990817 PMCID: PMC9389860 DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202100903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
A total synthesis of the trisaccharide repeat unit of Salmonella serogroup E1 O-antigen is reported. This synthesis features a key β-mannosylation reaction via cesium carbonate-mediated anomeric O-alkylation of a partially protected D-mannose with an L-fucose-derived electrophile for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishani Lakshika Hettiarachchi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and School of Green Chemistry and Engineering, The University of Toledo, 2801 W. Bancroft Street, Toledo, Ohio 43606, United States. https://www.utoledo.edu/nsm/chemistry/people/Webpages/Zhu.html
| | - Shuai Meng
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and School of Green Chemistry and Engineering, The University of Toledo, 2801 W. Bancroft Street, Toledo, Ohio 43606, United States. https://www.utoledo.edu/nsm/chemistry/people/Webpages/Zhu.html
| | - Mira Chahine
- Department of Natural Sciences, University of Michigan-Dearborn, 4901 Evergreen Road, Dearborn, Michigan 48128, United States
| | - Xiaohua Li
- Department of Natural Sciences, University of Michigan-Dearborn, 4901 Evergreen Road, Dearborn, Michigan 48128, United States
| | - Jianglong Zhu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and School of Green Chemistry and Engineering, The University of Toledo, 2801 W. Bancroft Street, Toledo, Ohio 43606, United States. https://www.utoledo.edu/nsm/chemistry/people/Webpages/Zhu.html
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10
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Bols M, Frihed TG, Pedersen MJ, Pedersen CM. Silylated Sugars – Synthesis and Properties. Synlett 2021. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1719854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
AbstractSilicon has been used in carbohydrate chemistry for half a century, but mostly as a protective group for sugar alcohols. Recently, the use of silicon has expanded to functionalization via C–H activation, conformational arming of glycosyl donors, and conformational alteration of carbohydrates. Silicon has proven useful as more than a protective group and during the last one and a half decades we have demonstrated how it influences both the reactivity of glycosyl donors and stereochemical outcome of glycosylations. Silicon can also be attached directly to the sugar C-backbone, which has even more pronounced effects on the chemistry and properties of the molecules. In this Account, we will give a tour through our work involving silicon and carbohydrates.1 Introduction2 Conformational Arming of Glycosyl Donors with Silyl Groups3 Silyl Protective Groups for Tethering Glycosyl Donors4. Si–C Glycosides via C–H Activation4.1 C–H Activation and Oxidation of Methyl 6-Deoxy-l-glycosides4.2 Synthesis of All Eight 6-Deoxy-l-sugars4.3 Synthesis of All Eight l-Sugars by C–H Activation4.4 Modification of the Oxasilolane Ring5 C–Si in Glycosyl Donors – Activating or Not?6 Si–C-Substituted Pyranosides7 Perspective
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikael Bols
- University of Copenhagen, Department of Chemistry
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11
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Chang CW, Lin MH, Chan CK, Su KY, Wu CH, Lo WC, Lam S, Cheng YT, Liao PH, Wong CH, Wang CC. Automated Quantification of Hydroxyl Reactivities: Prediction of Glycosylation Reactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:12413-12423. [PMID: 33634934 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202013909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The stereoselectivity and yield in glycosylation reactions are paramount but unpredictable. We have developed a database of acceptor nucleophilic constants (Aka) to quantify the nucleophilicity of hydroxyl groups in glycosylation influenced by the steric, electronic and structural effects, providing a connection between experiments and computer algorithms. The subtle reactivity differences among the hydroxyl groups on various carbohydrate molecules can be defined by Aka, which is easily accessible by a simple and convenient automation system to assure high reproducibility and accuracy. A diverse range of glycosylation donors and acceptors with well-defined reactivity and promoters were organized and processed by the designed software program "GlycoComputer" for prediction of glycosylation reactions without involving sophisticated computational processing. The importance of Aka was further verified by random forest algorithm, and the applicability was tested by the synthesis of a Lewis A skeleton to show that the stereoselectivity and yield can be accurately estimated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Wei Chang
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Huei Lin
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Chieh-Kai Chan
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Yu Su
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hui Wu
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chih Lo
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Sarah Lam
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ting Cheng
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Pin-Hsuan Liao
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Huey Wong
- The Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan.,Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, 92037, USA
| | - Cheng-Chung Wang
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan.,Chemical Biology and Molecular Biophysics Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program (TIGP), Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
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12
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Chang C, Lin M, Chan C, Su K, Wu C, Lo W, Lam S, Cheng Y, Liao P, Wong C, Wang C. Automated Quantification of Hydroxyl Reactivities: Prediction of Glycosylation Reactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202013909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chun‐Wei Chang
- Institute of Chemistry Academia Sinica Taipei 115 Taiwan
| | - Mei‐Huei Lin
- Institute of Chemistry Academia Sinica Taipei 115 Taiwan
| | - Chieh‐Kai Chan
- Institute of Chemistry Academia Sinica Taipei 115 Taiwan
| | - Kuan‐Yu Su
- Institute of Chemistry Academia Sinica Taipei 115 Taiwan
| | - Chia‐Hui Wu
- Institute of Chemistry Academia Sinica Taipei 115 Taiwan
| | - Wei‐Chih Lo
- Institute of Chemistry Academia Sinica Taipei 115 Taiwan
| | - Sarah Lam
- Institute of Chemistry Academia Sinica Taipei 115 Taiwan
| | - Yu‐Ting Cheng
- Institute of Chemistry Academia Sinica Taipei 115 Taiwan
| | - Pin‐Hsuan Liao
- Institute of Chemistry Academia Sinica Taipei 115 Taiwan
| | - Chi‐Huey Wong
- The Genomics Research Center Academia Sinica Taipei 115 Taiwan
- Department of Chemistry The Scripps Research Institute 10550 N Torrey Pines Road La Jolla 92037 USA
| | - Cheng‐Chung Wang
- Institute of Chemistry Academia Sinica Taipei 115 Taiwan
- Chemical Biology and Molecular Biophysics Program Taiwan International Graduate Program (TIGP) Academia Sinica Taipei 115 Taiwan
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13
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Hatton NE, Baumann CG, Fascione MA. Developments in Mannose-Based Treatments for Uropathogenic Escherichia coli-Induced Urinary Tract Infections. Chembiochem 2021; 22:613-629. [PMID: 32876368 PMCID: PMC7894189 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202000406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
During their lifetime almost half of women will experience a symptomatic urinary tract infection (UTI) with a further half experiencing a relapse within six months. Currently UTIs are treated with antibiotics, but increasing antibiotic resistance rates highlight the need for new treatments. Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) is responsible for the majority of symptomatic UTI cases and thus has become a key pathological target. Adhesion of type one pilus subunit FimH at the surface of UPEC strains to mannose-saturated oligosaccharides located on the urothelium is critical to pathogenesis. Since the identification of FimH as a therapeutic target in the late 1980s, a substantial body of research has been generated focusing on the development of FimH-targeting mannose-based anti-adhesion therapies. In this review we will discuss the design of different classes of these mannose-based compounds and their utility and potential as UPEC therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha E. Hatton
- York Structural Biology Lab, Department of ChemistryUniversity of YorkHeslington RoadYorkYO10 5DDUK
| | | | - Martin A. Fascione
- York Structural Biology Lab, Department of ChemistryUniversity of YorkHeslington RoadYorkYO10 5DDUK
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14
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Jeanneret RA, Johnson SE, Galan MC. Conformationally Constrained Glycosyl Donors as Tools to Control Glycosylation Outcomes. J Org Chem 2020; 85:15801-15826. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c02045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robin A. Jeanneret
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s
Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
| | - Simon E. Johnson
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s
Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
| | - M. Carmen Galan
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s
Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
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15
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Li Q, Levi SM, Jacobsen EN. Highly Selective β-Mannosylations and β-Rhamnosylations Catalyzed by Bis-thiourea. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:11865-11872. [PMID: 32527078 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c04255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
We report highly β-selective bis-thioureas-catalyzed 1,2-cis-O-pyranosylations employing easily accessible acetonide-protected donors. A wide variety of alcohol nucleophiles, including complex natural products, glycosides, and amino acids were β-mannosylated and β-rhamnosylated successfully using an operationally simple protocol under mild and neutral conditions. Less nucleophilic acceptors such as phenols were also glycosylated efficiently in excellent yields and with high β-selectivities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuhan Li
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Samuel M Levi
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Eric N Jacobsen
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
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16
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Meng S, Zhong W, Yao W, Li Z. Stereoselective Phenylselenoglycosylation of Glycals Bearing a Fused Carbonate Moiety toward the Synthesis of 2-Deoxy-β-galactosides and β-Mannosides. Org Lett 2020; 22:2981-2986. [PMID: 32216320 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c00732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A phenylselenoglycosylation reaction of glycal derivatives mediated by diphenyl diselenide and phenyliodine(III) bis(trifluoroacetate) under mild conditions is described. Stereoselective glycosylation has been achieved by installing fused carbonate on those glycals. 3,4-O-Carbonate galactals and 2,3-O-carbonate 2-hydroxyglucals are converted into corresponding glycosides in good yields with excellent β-selectivity, resulting in 2-phenylseleno-2-deoxy-β-galactosides and 2-phenylseleno-β-mannosides which are good precursors of 2-deoxy-β-galactosides and β-mannosides, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, P.R. China
| | - Wenhe Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, P.R. China
| | - Wang Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, P.R. China
| | - Zhongjun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, P.R. China
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17
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Montalvillo-Jiménez L, Santana AG, Corzana F, Jiménez-Osés G, Jiménez-Barbero J, Gómez AM, Asensio JL. Impact of Aromatic Stacking on Glycoside Reactivity: Balancing CH/π and Cation/π Interactions for the Stabilization of Glycosyl-Oxocarbenium Ions. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:13372-13384. [PMID: 31390207 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b03285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Carbohydrate/aromatic stacking represents a recurring key motif for the molecular recognition of glycosides, either by protein binding domains, enzymes, or synthetic receptors. Interestingly, it has been proposed that aromatic residues might also assist in the formation/cleavage of glycosidic bonds by stabilizing positively charged oxocarbenium-like intermediates/transition states through cation/π interactions. While the significance of aromatic stacking on glycoside recognition is well stablished, its impact on the reactivity of glycosyl donors is yet to be explored. Herein, we report the first experimental study on this relevant topic. Our strategy is based on the design, synthesis, and reactivity evaluation of a large number of model systems, comprising a wide range of glycosidic donor/aromatic complexes. Different stacking geometries and dynamic features, anomeric leaving groups, sugar configurations, and reaction conditions have been explicitly considered. The obtained results underline the opposing influence exerted by van der Waals and Coulombic forces on the reactivity of the carbohydrate/aromatic complex: depending on the outcome of this balance, aromatic platforms can indeed exert a variety of effects, stretching from reaction inhibition all the way to rate enhancements. Although aromatic/glycosyl cation contacts are highly dynamic, the conclusions of our study suggest that aromatic assistance to glycosylation processes must indeed be feasible, with far reaching implications for enzyme engineering and organocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrés G Santana
- Instituto de Química Orgánica (IQOG-CSIC) , Juan de la Cierva 3 , 28006 Madrid , Spain
| | - Francisco Corzana
- Departamento Quı́mica and Centro de Investigación en Sı́ntesis Quı́mica , Universidad de La Rioja , 26006 Logroño , Spain
| | - Gonzalo Jiménez-Osés
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC-bioGUNE) , 48160 Derio , Spain
| | - Jesús Jiménez-Barbero
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC-bioGUNE) , 48160 Derio , Spain.,Basque Foundation for Science, Ikerbasque , 48013 Bilbo , Spain
| | - Ana M Gómez
- Instituto de Química Orgánica (IQOG-CSIC) , Juan de la Cierva 3 , 28006 Madrid , Spain
| | - Juan Luis Asensio
- Instituto de Química Orgánica (IQOG-CSIC) , Juan de la Cierva 3 , 28006 Madrid , Spain
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18
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Xu H, Chen L, Zhang Q, Feng Y, Zu Y, Chai Y. Stereoselective β-Mannosylation with 2,6-Lactone-bridged Thiomannosyl Donor by Remote Acyl Group Participation. Chem Asian J 2019; 14:1424-1428. [PMID: 30831004 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201801740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Stereoselective β-mannosylation has been recognized as one of the greatest challenges of carbohydrate chemistry. Herein, we described a practical method for stereoselective construction of β-mannosides by using a 2,6-lactone-bridged thiomannosyl donor through the remote acyl-group participation as well as the steric effect of O-4 substituent. The two effects are enabled through the conversion of a regular mannopyranosyl 4 C1 conformation into a 2,6-lactone bridged conformation. The lactone donor could be readily prepared in three steps on a gram scale and the β-mannosylation proceeded smoothly with high stereoselectivity for primary, secondary and tertiary alcohol acceptors. In addition, this strategy was successfully applied to the synthesis of a naturally occurring trisaccharide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanfang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Shaanxi Normal University, 620 West Chang'an Avenue, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710119, China
| | - Long Chen
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Shaanxi Normal University, 620 West Chang'an Avenue, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710119, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Shaanxi Normal University, 620 West Chang'an Avenue, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710119, China
| | - Yingle Feng
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Shaanxi Normal University, 620 West Chang'an Avenue, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710119, China
| | - Yujia Zu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Shaanxi Normal University, 620 West Chang'an Avenue, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710119, China
| | - Yonghai Chai
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Shaanxi Normal University, 620 West Chang'an Avenue, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710119, China
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19
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Shaw M, Thakur R, Kumar A. Gold(III)-Catalyzed Glycosylation using Phenylpropiolate Glycosides: Phenylpropiolic Acid, An Easily Separable and Reusable Leaving Group. J Org Chem 2019; 84:589-605. [PMID: 30569713 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b02422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
An efficient and operationally simple gold(III)-catalyzed glycosylation protocol was developed using newly synthesized benchtop stable phenylpropiolate glycosyl (PPG) donors. Gold(III)-catalyzed activation of PPGs proceeds well with various carbohydrate and noncarbohydrate-based glycosyl acceptors and leads to their corresponding O/ N-glycosides in good to excellent yields with regeneration of reusable and easily separable phenylpropiolic acid. Differentially protected PPGs reacted well under the optimized reaction conditions. In particular, good anomeric selectivity was observed with mannosyl and rhamnosyl PPG donors. A preliminary mechanistic study reveals that the presence of a triple bond adjacent to the ester group is essential for activation, and PPG-based donor shows higher reactivity than analogous acetate and benzoate donors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukta Shaw
- Department of Chemistry , Indian Institute of Technology Patna , Bihta 801106 , Bihar , India
| | - Rima Thakur
- Department of Chemistry , National Institute of Technology Patna , Patna 800005 , Bihar , India
| | - Amit Kumar
- Department of Chemistry , Indian Institute of Technology Patna , Bihta 801106 , Bihar , India
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20
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Gucchait A, Misra AK. Influence of remote functional groups towards the formation of 1,2-cis glycosides: special emphasis on β-mannosylation. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:4605-4610. [DOI: 10.1039/c9ob00670b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The influence of remote functional groups for the stereoselective formation of 1,2-cis glycosides and β-mannosides is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arin Gucchait
- Bose Institute
- Division of Molecular Medicine
- Kolkata 700054
- India
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21
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Adero PO, Amarasekara H, Wen P, Bohé L, Crich D. The Experimental Evidence in Support of Glycosylation Mechanisms at the S N1-S N2 Interface. Chem Rev 2018; 118:8242-8284. [PMID: 29846062 PMCID: PMC6135681 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 219] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A critical review of the state-of-the-art evidence in support of the mechanisms of glycosylation reactions is provided. Factors affecting the stability of putative oxocarbenium ions as intermediates at the SN1 end of the mechanistic continuum are first surveyed before the evidence, spectroscopic and indirect, for the existence of such species on the time scale of glycosylation reactions is presented. Current models for diastereoselectivity in nucleophilic attack on oxocarbenium ions are then described. Evidence in support of the intermediacy of activated covalent glycosyl donors is reviewed, before the influences of the structure of the nucleophile, of the solvent, of temperature, and of donor-acceptor hydrogen bonding on the mechanism of glycosylation reactions are surveyed. Studies on the kinetics of glycosylation reactions and the use of kinetic isotope effects for the determination of transition-state structure are presented, before computational models are finally surveyed. The review concludes with a critical appraisal of the state of the art.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Ouma Adero
- Department of Chemistry , Wayne State University , 5101 Cass Avenue , Detroit , Michigan 48202 , United States
| | - Harsha Amarasekara
- Department of Chemistry , Wayne State University , 5101 Cass Avenue , Detroit , Michigan 48202 , United States
| | - Peng Wen
- Department of Chemistry , Wayne State University , 5101 Cass Avenue , Detroit , Michigan 48202 , United States
| | - Luis Bohé
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS UPR 2301 , Université Paris-Sud Université Paris-Saclay , 1 avenue de la Terrasse , 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette , France
| | - David Crich
- Department of Chemistry , Wayne State University , 5101 Cass Avenue , Detroit , Michigan 48202 , United States
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22
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Schröder SP, Kallemeijn WW, Debets MF, Hansen T, Sobala LF, Hakki Z, Williams SJ, Beenakker TJM, Aerts JMFG, van der Marel GA, Codée JDC, Davies GJ, Overkleeft HS. Spiro-epoxyglycosides as Activity-Based Probes for Glycoside Hydrolase Family 99 Endomannosidase/Endomannanase. Chemistry 2018; 24:9983-9992. [PMID: 29797675 PMCID: PMC6055899 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201801902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Revised: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
N-Glycans direct protein function, stability, folding and targeting, and influence immunogenicity. While most glycosidases that process N-glycans cleave a single sugar residue at a time, enzymes from glycoside hydrolase family 99 are endo-acting enzymes that cleave within complex N-glycans. Eukaryotic Golgi endo-1,2-α-mannosidase cleaves glucose-substituted mannose within immature glucosylated high-mannose N-glycans in the secretory pathway. Certain bacteria within the human gut microbiota produce endo-1,2-α-mannanase, which cleaves related structures within fungal mannan, as part of nutrient acquisition. An unconventional mechanism of catalysis was proposed for enzymes of this family, hinted at by crystal structures of imino/azasugars complexed within the active site. Based on this mechanism, we developed the synthesis of two glycosides bearing a spiro-epoxide at C-2 as electrophilic trap, to covalently bind a mechanistically important, conserved GH99 catalytic residue. The spiro-epoxyglycosides are equipped with a fluorescent tag, and following incubation with recombinant enzyme, allow concentration, time and pH dependent visualization of the bound enzyme using gel electrophoresis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sybrin P. Schröder
- Department of Bioorganic ChemistryLeiden Institute of ChemistryEinsteinweg 552333 CCLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Wouter W. Kallemeijn
- Department of Medical BiochemistryLeiden Institute of ChemistryEinsteinweg 552333 CCLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Marjoke F. Debets
- Department of Bioorganic ChemistryLeiden Institute of ChemistryEinsteinweg 552333 CCLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Thomas Hansen
- Department of Bioorganic ChemistryLeiden Institute of ChemistryEinsteinweg 552333 CCLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Lukasz F. Sobala
- Department of Chemistry, York Structural Biology LaboratoryUniversity of YorkHeslingtonYorkYO10 5DDUK
| | - Zalihe Hakki
- School of Chemistry and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology InstituteUniversity of MelbourneParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
| | - Spencer J. Williams
- School of Chemistry and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology InstituteUniversity of MelbourneParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
| | - Thomas J. M. Beenakker
- Department of Bioorganic ChemistryLeiden Institute of ChemistryEinsteinweg 552333 CCLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Johannes M. F. G. Aerts
- Department of Medical BiochemistryLeiden Institute of ChemistryEinsteinweg 552333 CCLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Gijsbert A. van der Marel
- Department of Bioorganic ChemistryLeiden Institute of ChemistryEinsteinweg 552333 CCLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Jeroen D. C. Codée
- Department of Bioorganic ChemistryLeiden Institute of ChemistryEinsteinweg 552333 CCLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Gideon J. Davies
- Department of Chemistry, York Structural Biology LaboratoryUniversity of YorkHeslingtonYorkYO10 5DDUK
| | - Herman S. Overkleeft
- Department of Bioorganic ChemistryLeiden Institute of ChemistryEinsteinweg 552333 CCLeidenThe Netherlands
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23
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Imamura A. Di-<i>tert</i>-butylsilylene (DTBS)-Directed Stereoselective Glycosylations. TRENDS GLYCOSCI GLYC 2018. [DOI: 10.4052/tigg.1811.2j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Imamura
- Department of Applied Bio-organic Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University
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24
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25
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Parent JF, Deslongchamps P. Bent bonds (τ) and the antiperiplanar hypothesis, and the reactivity at the anomeric center in pyranosides. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 14:11183-11198. [PMID: 27834970 DOI: 10.1039/c6ob02263d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The stereoselectivity of nucleophilic addition on oxocarbenium ions derived from the bicyclic pyranoside model with or without a C2-OR group can be understood through the use of the bent-bond and the antiperiplanar hypothesis in conjunction with the concept of hyperconjugation as an alternative interpretive model of structure and reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-François Parent
- Département de chimie, Faculté des sciences et de génie, Université Laval, Pavillon Alexandre-Vachon, 1045 avenue de la médecine, Québec, Québec G1V 0A6, Canada.
| | - Pierre Deslongchamps
- Département de chimie, Faculté des sciences et de génie, Université Laval, Pavillon Alexandre-Vachon, 1045 avenue de la médecine, Québec, Québec G1V 0A6, Canada.
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26
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DIDMH in combination with triflic acid - A new promoter system for thioglycoside glycosyl donors. Carbohydr Res 2018; 455:86-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2017.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Revised: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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27
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Bhetuwal BR, Woodward J, Li X, Zhu J. Stereoselective β-mannosylation via anomeric O-Alkylation: Concise synthesis of β-D-Xyl-(l→2)-β-D-Man-(1→4)-α-D-Glc-OMe, a trisaccharide oligomer of the hyriopsis schlegelii glycosphingolipid. J Carbohydr Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/07328303.2017.1390579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bishwa Raj Bhetuwal
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and School of Green Chemistry and Engineering, The University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio, United States
| | - Justin Woodward
- Department of Natural Sciences, University of Michigan-Dearborn, Dearborn, Michigan, United States
| | - Xiaohua Li
- Department of Natural Sciences, University of Michigan-Dearborn, Dearborn, Michigan, United States
| | - Jianglong Zhu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and School of Green Chemistry and Engineering, The University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio, United States
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28
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Takahashi D, Tanaka M, Nishi N, Toshima K. Novel 1,2-cis-stereoselective glycosylations utilizing organoboron reagents and their application to natural products and complex oligosaccharide synthesis. Carbohydr Res 2017; 452:64-77. [PMID: 29080430 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2017.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Revised: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
In this mini-review article, 1,2-cis-stereoselective glycosylation methods utilizing organoboron reagents and 1,2-anhydroglycosyl donors that were developed in our laboratory, including regio- and 1,2-cis-stereoselective glycosylations using glycosyl-acceptor-derived boronic ester catalysts and 1,2-cis-stereoselective glycosylations using glycosyl-acceptor-derived borinic ester catalysts, are recounted. Representative applications of these methods to the synthesis of biologically active natural products and a complex oligosaccharide are also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Takahashi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan.
| | - Masamichi Tanaka
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
| | - Nobuya Nishi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
| | - Kazunobu Toshima
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
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29
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Abstract
Although the triflate ion is not generally perceived as a nucleophile, many examples of its behavior as such exist in the literature. This Synopsis presents an overview of such reactions, in which triflate may be either a stoichiometric or catalytic nucleophile, leading to the suggestion that nucleophilic catalysis by triflate may be more common than generally accepted, albeit hidden by the typical reactivity of organic triflates which complicates their observation as intermediates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bibek Dhakal
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University , Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Luis Bohé
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS-ICSN UPR2301, Université Paris-Sud , Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - David Crich
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University , Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
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30
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Shen Z, Mobarak H, Li W, Widmalm G, Yu B. Synthesis of β-(1→2)-Linked 6-Deoxy-l-altropyranose Oligosaccharides via Gold(I)-Catalyzed Glycosylation of an ortho-Hexynylbenzoate Donor. J Org Chem 2017; 82:3062-3071. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b00057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhengnan Shen
- School
of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 100 Haike
Road, Shanghai 201210, China
- State
Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai
Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Hani Mobarak
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, S-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Wei Li
- State
Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai
Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Göran Widmalm
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, S-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Biao Yu
- State
Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai
Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
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31
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van der Vorm S, Hansen T, Overkleeft HS, van der Marel GA, Codée JDC. The influence of acceptor nucleophilicity on the glycosylation reaction mechanism. Chem Sci 2017; 8:1867-1875. [PMID: 28553477 PMCID: PMC5424809 DOI: 10.1039/c6sc04638j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
A set of model nucleophiles of gradually changing nucleophilicity is used to probe the glycosylation reaction mechanism. Glycosylations of ethanol-based acceptors, bearing varying amounts of fluorine atoms, report on the dependency of the stereochemistry in condensation reactions on the nucleophilicity of the acceptor. Three different glycosylation systems were scrutinized, that differ in the reaction mechanism, that - putatively - prevails during the coupling reaction. It is revealed that the stereoselectivity in glycosylations of benzylidene protected glucose donors are very susceptible to acceptor nucleophilicity whereas condensations of benzylidene mannose and mannuronic acid donors represent more robust glycosylation systems in terms of diastereoselectivity. The change in stereoselectivity with decreasing acceptor nucleophilicity is related to a change in reaction mechanism shifting from the SN2 side to the SN1 side of the reactivity spectrum. Carbohydrate acceptors are examined and the reactivity-selectivity profile of these nucleophiles mirrored those of the model acceptors studied. The set of model ethanol acceptors thus provides a simple and effective "toolbox" to investigate glycosylation reaction mechanisms and report on the robustness of glycosylation protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- S van der Vorm
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry , Leiden University , Einsteinweg 55 , 2333 CC Leiden , The Netherlands .
| | - T Hansen
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry , Leiden University , Einsteinweg 55 , 2333 CC Leiden , The Netherlands .
| | - H S Overkleeft
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry , Leiden University , Einsteinweg 55 , 2333 CC Leiden , The Netherlands .
| | - G A van der Marel
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry , Leiden University , Einsteinweg 55 , 2333 CC Leiden , The Netherlands .
| | - J D C Codée
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry , Leiden University , Einsteinweg 55 , 2333 CC Leiden , The Netherlands .
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32
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Zhou J, Lv S, Zhang D, Xia F, Hu W. Deactivating Influence of 3-O-Glycosyl Substituent on Anomeric Reactivity of Thiomannoside Observed in Oligomannoside Synthesis. J Org Chem 2017; 82:2599-2621. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b03017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhou
- Shanghai Engineering Research
Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School
of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Siying Lv
- Shanghai Engineering Research
Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School
of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Dan Zhang
- Shanghai Engineering Research
Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School
of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Fei Xia
- Shanghai Engineering Research
Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School
of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Wenhao Hu
- Shanghai Engineering Research
Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School
of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, China
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33
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Li W, Silipo A, Gersby LBA, Newman MA, Molinaro A, Yu B. Synthesis of Bradyrhizose Oligosaccharides Relevant to theBradyrhizobiumO-Antigen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:2092-2096. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201610680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry; Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Alba Silipo
- Department of Chemical Sciences; University of Naples “Federico II”; Via Cintia 4 80126 Napoli Italy
| | | | - Mari-Anne Newman
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences; University of Copenhagen; 1871 Frederiksberg Denmark
| | - Antonio Molinaro
- Department of Chemical Sciences; University of Naples “Federico II”; Via Cintia 4 80126 Napoli Italy
| | - Biao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry; Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
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34
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Li W, Silipo A, Gersby LBA, Newman MA, Molinaro A, Yu B. Synthesis of Bradyrhizose Oligosaccharides Relevant to theBradyrhizobiumO-Antigen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201610680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry; Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Alba Silipo
- Department of Chemical Sciences; University of Naples “Federico II”; Via Cintia 4 80126 Napoli Italy
| | | | - Mari-Anne Newman
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences; University of Copenhagen; 1871 Frederiksberg Denmark
| | - Antonio Molinaro
- Department of Chemical Sciences; University of Naples “Federico II”; Via Cintia 4 80126 Napoli Italy
| | - Biao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry; Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
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35
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Nishi N, Nashida J, Kaji E, Takahashi D, Toshima K. Regio- and stereoselective β-mannosylation using a boronic acid catalyst and its application in the synthesis of a tetrasaccharide repeating unit of lipopolysaccharide derived from E. coli O75. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:3018-3021. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cc00269f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
A novel regio- and stereoselective β-mannosylation using 1,2-anhydromannose and a diol sugar acceptor in the presence of a boronic acid catalyst and its application are reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuya Nishi
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Faculty of Science and Technology
- Keio University
- Yokohama 223-8522
- Japan
| | - Junki Nashida
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Faculty of Science and Technology
- Keio University
- Yokohama 223-8522
- Japan
| | - Eisuke Kaji
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Faculty of Science and Technology
- Keio University
- Yokohama 223-8522
- Japan
| | - Daisuke Takahashi
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Faculty of Science and Technology
- Keio University
- Yokohama 223-8522
- Japan
| | - Kazunobu Toshima
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Faculty of Science and Technology
- Keio University
- Yokohama 223-8522
- Japan
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36
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Abstract
Glycosylation using Tf2NH or Tf2NTMS as the catalysts and a trichloroacetimidate donor gives glycosides with inverted anomeric stereochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Kowalska
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Copenhagen
- Universitetsparken 5
- DK-2100 Copenhagen
- Denmark
| | - C. M. Pedersen
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Copenhagen
- Universitetsparken 5
- DK-2100 Copenhagen
- Denmark
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37
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Hashimoto Y, Tanikawa S, Saito R, Sasaki K. β-Stereoselective Mannosylation Using 2,6-Lactones. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:14840-14843. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b08874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Hashimoto
- Department of Chemistry, Toho University, 2-2-1 Miyama, Funabashi 274-8510 Japan
| | - Saki Tanikawa
- Department of Chemistry, Toho University, 2-2-1 Miyama, Funabashi 274-8510 Japan
| | - Ryota Saito
- Department of Chemistry, Toho University, 2-2-1 Miyama, Funabashi 274-8510 Japan
| | - Kaname Sasaki
- Department of Chemistry, Toho University, 2-2-1 Miyama, Funabashi 274-8510 Japan
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38
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Tilve MJ, Cori CR, Gallo-Rodriguez C. Regioselective 5-O-Opening of Conformationally Locked 3,5-O-Di-tert-butylsilylene-d-galactofuranosides. Synthesis of (1→5)-β-d-Galactofuranosyl Derivatives. J Org Chem 2016; 81:9585-9594. [PMID: 27673745 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b01562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The use of thiogalactofuranoside as donors for the construction of internal Galf containing oligosaccharide is limited, probably due to the difficulty to functionalize thiogalactofuranoside derivatives showing O-2, O-3, and O-5 with similar reactivity. An efficient method for complete regioselective 5-O-opening of conformationally restricted 3,5-O-di-tert-butylsilylene-d-galactofuranoside derivatives was developed. The use of a solution nBu4NF (1.1 equiv) in CH2Cl2 on 6 gave the 5-OH free derivative 10 as the only product (90%). 3-O-Di-tert-butylhydroxysilyl derivative 10 was stable upon purification and glycosylation reaction. Preactivation of conformationally restricted thioglycoside 6 employing p-NO2-benzensulfenyl chloride/AgOTf followed by condensation over the 5-OH thioglycoside acceptor 10 gave the corresponding disaccharide 12 without autocondensation byproduct. Regioselective 5-O-deprotection was also successfully performed over the (1→5)-β-d-galactofuranosyl di- and trisaccharide derivatives 12 and 13. This methodology allowed the differentiation between the secondary hydroxyl groups OH-3 and OH-5 of 1,2-cis or 1,2-trans d-galactofuranoside derivatives, and it still constitutes an innovative approach to access oligosaccharides of pharmacological importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariano J Tilve
- CIHIDECAR, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Ciudad Universitaria , Pabellón II, 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carmen R Cori
- CIHIDECAR, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Ciudad Universitaria , Pabellón II, 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carola Gallo-Rodriguez
- CIHIDECAR, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Ciudad Universitaria , Pabellón II, 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina
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39
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Heuckendorff M, Jensen HH. On the Gluco/Manno Paradox: Practical α-Glucosylations by NIS/TfOH Activation of 4,6-O
-Tethered Thioglucoside Donors. European J Org Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201600899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mads Heuckendorff
- Department of Chemistry; Aarhus University; Langelandsgade 140 8000 Aarhus C Denmark
| | - Henrik H. Jensen
- Department of Chemistry; Aarhus University; Langelandsgade 140 8000 Aarhus C Denmark
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40
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Imamura A, Matsuzawa N, Sakai S, Udagawa T, Nakashima S, Ando H, Ishida H, Kiso M. The Origin of High Stereoselectivity in Di-tert-butylsilylene-Directed α-Galactosylation. J Org Chem 2016; 81:9086-9104. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b01685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Imamura
- Department
of Applied Bio-organic Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Naomi Matsuzawa
- Department
of Applied Bio-organic Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Shizuo Sakai
- Department
of Applied Bio-organic Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Taro Udagawa
- Department
of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Shinya Nakashima
- Department
of Applied Bio-organic Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Hiromune Ando
- Department
of Applied Bio-organic Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
- Institute
for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University, Yoshida
Ushinomiya-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Hideharu Ishida
- Department
of Applied Bio-organic Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Makoto Kiso
- Department
of Applied Bio-organic Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
- Institute
for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University, Yoshida
Ushinomiya-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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41
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Tang SL, Pohl NLB. Automated fluorous-assisted solution-phase synthesis of β-1,2-, 1,3-, and 1,6-mannan oligomers. Carbohydr Res 2016; 430:8-15. [PMID: 27155895 PMCID: PMC4893899 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2016.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2016] [Revised: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Automated solution-phase syntheses of β-1,2-, 1,3-, and 1,6-mannan oligomers have been accomplished by applying a β-directing C-5 carboxylate strategy. Fluorous-tag-assisted purification after each reaction cycle allowed the synthesis of short β-mannan oligomers with limited loading of glycosyl donor-as low as 3.0 equivalents for each glycosylation cycle. This study showed the capability of the automated solution-phase synthesis protocol for synthesizing various challenging glycosides, including use of a C-5 ester as a protecting group that could be converted under reductive conditions to a hydroxymethyl group for chain extension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Lun Tang
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Nicola L B Pohl
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA; Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA.
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42
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Tanaka M, Nashida J, Takahashi D, Toshima K. Glycosyl-Acceptor-Derived Borinic Ester-Promoted Direct and β-Stereoselective Mannosylation with a 1,2-Anhydromannose Donor. Org Lett 2016; 18:2288-91. [PMID: 27093366 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.6b00926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
β-Stereoselective mannosylations were conducted using a 1,2-anhydromannose donor and mono-ol acceptors in the presence of a glycosyl-acceptor-derived borinic ester. Reactions proceeded smoothly under mild conditions to provide the corresponding β-mannosides with high stereoselectivity in moderate to high yields. In addition, the present glycosylation method was applied successfully to the total synthesis of acremomannolipin A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masamichi Tanaka
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University , 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
| | - Junki Nashida
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University , 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
| | - Daisuke Takahashi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University , 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
| | - Kazunobu Toshima
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University , 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
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43
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Gylling Frihed
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung; Kaiser-Wilhelm Platz 1 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
| | - Mikael Bols
- Department of Chemistry; University of Copenhagen; Universitetsparken 5 2100 Copenhagen Denmark
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44
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Nguyen H, Zhu D, Li X, Zhu J. Stereoselective Construction of β‐Mannopyranosides by Anomeric
O
‐Alkylation: Synthesis of the Trisaccharide Core of
N
‐linked Glycans. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201600488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hai Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and School of Green Chemistry and Engineering The University of Toledo Toledo OH 43606 USA
| | - Danyang Zhu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and School of Green Chemistry and Engineering The University of Toledo Toledo OH 43606 USA
| | - Xiaohua Li
- Department of Natural Sciences University of Michigan-Dearborn Dearborn MI 48128 USA
| | - Jianglong Zhu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and School of Green Chemistry and Engineering The University of Toledo Toledo OH 43606 USA
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45
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Nguyen H, Zhu D, Li X, Zhu J. Stereoselective Construction of β-Mannopyranosides by Anomeric O-Alkylation: Synthesis of the Trisaccharide Core of N-linked Glycans. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:4767-71. [PMID: 26948686 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201600488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
A new and efficient approach for direct and stereoselective synthesis of β-mannopyranosides by anomeric O-alkylation has been developed. This anomeric O-alkylation of mannopyranose-derived lactols is proposed to occur under synergistic control of a kinetic anomeric effect and metal chelation. The presence of a conformationally flexible C6 oxygen atom in the sugar-derived lactol donors is required for this anomeric O-alkylation to be efficient, probably because of its chelation with cesium ion. In contrast, the presence of a C2 oxygen atom plays a minor role. This glycosylation method has been successfully utilized for the synthesis of the trisaccharide core of complex N-linked glycans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and School of Green Chemistry and Engineering, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, 43606, USA
| | - Danyang Zhu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and School of Green Chemistry and Engineering, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, 43606, USA
| | - Xiaohua Li
- Department of Natural Sciences, University of Michigan-Dearborn, Dearborn, MI, 48128, USA.
| | - Jianglong Zhu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and School of Green Chemistry and Engineering, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, 43606, USA.
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46
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Zhu Y, Shen Z, Li W, Yu B. Stereoselective synthesis of β-rhamnopyranosides via gold(i)-catalyzed glycosylation with 2-alkynyl-4-nitro-benzoate donors. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:1536-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ob02551f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
An effective β-rhamnosylation protocol has been developed by using α-rhamnopyranosyl ortho-hexynyl-para-nitro-benzoates as donors and Ph3PAuBArF4 as a catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yugen Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-organic and Natural Products Chemistry
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 200032
- China
| | - Zhengnan Shen
- School of Physical Science and Technology
- ShanghaiTech University
- Shanghai 201210
- China
| | - Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-organic and Natural Products Chemistry
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 200032
- China
| | - Biao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-organic and Natural Products Chemistry
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 200032
- China
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47
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Heuckendorff M, Bols PS, Barry CB, Frihed TG, Pedersen CM, Bols M. β-Mannosylation with 4,6-benzylidene protected mannosyl donors without preactivation. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015. [PMID: 26197760 DOI: 10.1039/c5cc04716a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Mannosylations with benzylidene protected mannosyl donors were found to be β-selective even when no preactivation was performed. It was also found that the kinetic β-product in some cases anomerizes fast to the thermodynamically favored α-anomer under typical reaction conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mads Heuckendorff
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.
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48
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Adero PO, Furukawa T, Huang M, Mukherjee D, Retailleau P, Bohé L, Crich D. Cation Clock Reactions for the Determination of Relative Reaction Kinetics in Glycosylation Reactions: Applications to Gluco- and Mannopyranosyl Sulfoxide and Trichloroacetimidate Type Donors. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:10336-45. [PMID: 26207807 PMCID: PMC4545385 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b06126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The development of a cation clock method based on the intramolecular Sakurai reaction for probing the concentration dependence of the nucleophile in glycosylation reactions is described. The method is developed for the sulfoxide and trichloroacetimidate glycosylation protocols. The method reveals that O-glycosylation reactions have stronger concentration dependencies than C-glycosylation reactions consistent with a more associative, S(N)2-like character. For the 4,6-O-benzylidene-directed mannosylation reaction a significant difference in concentration dependence is found for the formation of the β- and α-anomers, suggesting a difference in mechanism and a rationale for the optimization of selectivity regardless of the type of donor employed. In the mannose series the cyclization reaction employed as clock results in the formation of cis and trans-fused oxabicyclo[4,4,0]decanes as products with the latter being strongly indicative of the involvement of a conformationally mobile transient glycosyl oxocarbenium ion. With identical protecting group arrays cyclization in the glucopyranose series is more rapid than in the mannopyranose manifold. The potential application of related clock reactions in other carbenium ion-based branches of organic synthesis is considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip O. Adero
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Avenue Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Takayuki Furukawa
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Avenue Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Min Huang
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS-ICSN UPR2301, Université Paris-Sud, Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Debaraj Mukherjee
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Avenue Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Pascal Retailleau
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS-ICSN UPR2301, Université Paris-Sud, Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Luis Bohé
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS-ICSN UPR2301, Université Paris-Sud, Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - David Crich
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Avenue Detroit, MI 48202, USA
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49
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Hosoya T, Kosma P, Rosenau T. Theoretical study on the effects of a 4,6-O-diacetal protecting group on the stability of ion pairs from d-mannopyranosyl and d-glucopyranosyl triflates. Carbohydr Res 2015; 411:64-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2015.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2015] [Revised: 03/13/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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50
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Abstract
![]()
The
first automated solution-phase synthesis of β-1,4-mannuronate
and β-1,4-mannan oligomers has been accomplished by using a
β-directing C-5 carboxylate strategy. By utilizing fluorous-tag
assisting purification after repeated reaction cycles, β-1,4-mannuronate
was synthesized up to a hexasaccharide with limited loading of a glycosyl
donor (up to 3.5 equiv) for each glycosylation cycle due to the homogeneous
solution-phase reaction condition. After a global reduction of the
uronates, the β-1,4-mannan hexasaccharide was obtained, thereby
demonstrating a new approach to β-mannan synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Lun Tang
- †Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Nicola L B Pohl
- †Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States.,‡Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
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