A General Strategy for Ligation of Organic and Biological Molecules to Dawson and Keggin Polyoxotungstates

Bioorthogonal chemistry of polyoxometalates - challenges and prospects

Bioorthogonal chemistry has enabled scientists to carry out controlled chemical processes in high yields in vivo while minimizing hazardous effects. Its extension to the field of polyoxometalates (POMs) could open up new possibilities and new applications in molecular electronics, sensing and catalysis, including inside living cells. However, this comes with many challenges that need to be addressed to effectively implement and exploit bioorthogonal reactions in the chemistry of POMs. In particular, how to protect POMs from the biological environment but make their reactivity selective towards specific bioorthogonal tags (and thereby reduce their toxicity), as well as which bioorthogonal chemistry protocols are suitable for POMs and how reactions can be carried out are questions that we are exploring herein. This perspective conceptualizes and discusses advances in the supramolecular chemistry of POMs, their click chemistry, and POM-based surface engineering to develop innovative bioorthogonal approaches tailored to POMs and to improve POM biological tolerance.

Molecular Geometry-Directed Self-Recognition in the Self-Assembly of Giant Amphiphiles

Three sets of polyoxometalate (POM)-based amphiphilic hybrid macromolecules with different rigidity in their organic tails are used as models to understand the effect of molecular rigidity on their possible self-recognition feature during self-assembly processes. Self-recognition is achieved in the mixed solution of two structurally similar, sphere-rigid T-shape-linked oligofluorene(TOF₄ ) rod amphiphiles, with the hydrophilic clusters being Anderson (Anderson-TOF₄ ) and Dawson (Dawson-TOF₄ ), respectively. Anderson-TOF₄ is observed to self-assemble into onion-like multilayer structures and Dawson-TOF₄ forms multilayer vesicles. The self-assembly is controlled by the interdigitation of hydrophobic rods and the counterion-mediated attraction among charged hydrophilic inorganic clusters. When the hydrophobic blocks are less rigid, e.g., partially rigid polystyrene and fully flexible alkyl chains, self-recognition is not observed, attributing to the flexible conformation of hydrophobic molecules in the solvophobic domain. This study reveals that the self-recognition among amphiphiles can be achieved by the geometrical limitation of the supramolecular structure due to the rigidity of solvophobic domains.

Polyoxometalate-peptide hybrid materials: from structure-property relationships to applications

Organo-functionalisation of polyoxometalates (POMs) represents an effective approach to obtain diverse arrays of functional structures and materials, where the introduction of organic moieties into the POM molecules can dramatically change their surface chemistry, charge, polarity, and redox properties. The synergistic combination of POMs and peptides, which perform a myriad of essential roles within cellular biochemistry, including protection and transport in living organisms, leads to functional hybrid materials with unique properties. In this Perspective article, we present the principal synthetic routes to prepare and characterise POM-peptide hybrids, together with a comprehensive description of how their properties - such as redox chemistry, stereochemistry and supramolecular self-assembly - give rise to materials with relevant catalytic, adhesive, and biomedical applications. By presenting the state-of-the-art of the POM-peptide field, we show specifically how emerging chemical approaches can be harnessed to develop tailored POM-peptide materials with synergistic properties for applications in a variety of disciplines.

Organic-Inorganic Two-Dimensional Hybrid Networks Constructed from Pyridine-4-Carboxylate-Decorated Organotin-Lanthanide Heterometallic Antimotungstates

Six organic-inorganic hybrid pyridine-4-carboxylate-decorated organotin (OT)-lanthanide (Ln) heterometallic antimotungstates [Ln(H₂O)₆(pca)]H[Sn(CH₃)₂(H₂O)]₃[B-β-SbW₉O₃₃]·12H₂O [Ln = La³⁺ (1), Ce³⁺ (2), Pr³⁺ (3), Nd³⁺ (4), Sm³⁺ (5), Eu³⁺ (6); Hpca = isonicotinic acid] have been prepared with the help of the structure-directing effect of the trivacant [B-α-SbW₉O₃₃]^9- segment toward [(CH₃)₂Sn]²⁺ and Ln³⁺ ions in an acidic water medium. The prominent architecture characteristic is that their structural units consist of a trivacant [B-β-SbW₉O₃₃]^9- segment stabilized by three [Sn(CH₃)₂(H₂O)]²⁺ groups and a [Ln(H₂O)₆(pca)]²⁺ cation, which are interconnected to propagate an intriguing two-dimensional (2D) network. For all we know, 1-6 stand for the first 2D OT-Ln heterometallic polyoxometalates. Furthermore, luminescence performances of solid-state 3-6 were deeply surveyed at ambient temperature. Energy migration from [B-β-SbW₉O₃₃]^9- and pca^- to Sm³⁺ centers in 5 was also studied. Comparative studies demonstrate that the contribution of [B-β-SbW₉O₃₃]^9- sensitizing the emission of Sm³⁺ is prominently larger than that of pca^- sensitizing the emission of Sm³⁺ in the emission process of 5. Most interestingly, 6 as a fluorescence probe exhibits high selectability and sensitivity for recognizing Zn²⁺ and Cu²⁺ in water.

Organic Functionalization of Uranyl Peroxide Clusters to Impact Solubility

Benzene-1,2-diphosphonic acid (Ppb) was introduced into the uranyl peroxide cluster system, resulting in three Ppb-functionalized uranyl peroxide clusters, (UO₂)₂₀(O₂)₂₀(C₆H₄P₂O₆)₁₀^40- (U₂₀Ppb₁₀), (UO₂)₂₆(O₂)₃₃(C₆H₄P₂O₆)₆^38- (U₂₆Ppb₆), and (UO₂)₂₀(O₂)₂₄(C₆H₄P₂O₆)₆^32- (U₂₀Ppb₆). Dissolution experiments were performed for the potassium salts of U₂₀Ppb₁₀ and U₂₆Ppb₆, which revealed the capacity of U₂₀Ppb₁₀ to dissolve in the organic solvent dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). Unlike U₂₀Ppb₁₀, the K salt of U₂₆Ppb₆ did not dissolve in DMSO but was more soluble in water, perhaps due to the lower proportion of Ppb ligands in its structure. In this work, U₂₀Ppb₁₀ and U₂₀Ppb₆ formed as potassium salts and both adopt the fullerene topology of previously reported U₂₀. U₂₀ contains 20 uranyl peroxide units and encapsulates 12 Na cations. It is not possible for unfunctionalized U₂₀ to incorporate 12 K cations owing to space constraints, as is the case in the new clusters reported here. Transformation of U₂₀Ppb₁₀ in water over time to produce U₂₄ was observed, possibly owing to its ability to incorporate K cations, which have been associated with the formation of U₂₄.

Continuous Curvature Change into Controllable and Responsive Onion-like Vesicles by Rigid Sphere-Rod Amphiphiles

We observe the formation of highly controllable and responsive onion-like vesicles by using rigid sphere-rod amphiphilic hybrid macromolecules, composed of charged, hydrophilic Keggin-type clusters (spheres) and hydrophobic rod-like oligofluorenes (OFs). Unlike the commonly used approach, which mainly relies on chain bending of flexible molecules to satisfy different curvatures in onion-like vesicles, the rigid hybrids form flexible interdigitations by tuning the angles between OFs, leading to the formation of bilayers with different sizes. The self-assembled vesicles possess complete onion-like structures from most inner to outer layers, and their size (layer number) can be accurately manipulated by different solution conditions including solvent polarity, ionic strength, temperature, and hybrid concentration, with fixed interbilayer distance under all conditions. Moreover, the vesicle size (layer number) shows excellent reversibility to the change of temperature. The charged feature of spheres, rod length, and overall hybrid architecture shows significant effects on the formation of such onion-like vesicles.

Two new estertin modified tungstosilicates: synthesis, catalytic activity and photoelectrochemical property

Two estertin functionalized tungstosilicates were synthesized and analyzed by DFT. They exhibit good photoelectrocatalytic performance for oxidation of methanol.

Hybrid polyoxometalates as post-functionalization platforms: from fundamentals to emerging applications

Polyoxometalates (POMs) represent an important group of metal-oxo nanoclusters, typically comprised of early transition metals in high oxidation states (mainly V, Mo and W). Many plenary POMs exhibit good pH, solvent, thermal and redox stability, which makes them attractive components for the design of covalently integrated hybrid organic-inorganic molecules, herein referred to as hybrid-POMs. Until now, thousands of organic hybrid-POMs have been reported; however, only a small fraction can be further functionalized using other organic molecules or metal cations. This emerging class of 'post-functionalizable' hybrid-POMs constitute a valuable modular platform that permits coupling of POM properties with different organic and metal cation functionalities, thereby expanding the key physicochemical properties that are relevant for application in (photo)catalysis, bioinorganic chemistry and materials science. The post-functionalizable hybrid-POM platforms offer an opportunity to covalently link multi-electron redox responsive POM cores with virtually any (bio)organic molecule or metal cation, generating a wide range of materials with tailored properties. Over the past few years, these materials have been showcased in the preparation of framework materials, functional surfaces, surfactants, homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts and light harvesting materials, among others. This review article provides an overview on the state of the art in POM post-functionalization and highlights the key design and structural features that permit the discovery of new hybrid-POM platforms. In doing so, we aim to make the subject more comprehensible, both for chemists and for scientists with different materials science backgrounds interested in the applications of hybrid (POM) materials. The review article goes beyond the realms of polyoxometalate chemistry and encompasses emerging research domains such as reticular materials, surfactants, surface functionalization, light harvesting materials, non-linear optics, charge storing materials, and homogeneous acid-base catalysis among others.

Diversified polyoxovanadate derivatives obtained by copper(i)-catalysed azide-alkyne cycloaddition reaction: their synthesis and structural characterization

In this work, we confirmed that the copper-catalysed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) reaction is an effective method for the organic-functionalization of polyoxometalates (POMs). Herein, for the first time, four novel 1,2,3-triazole functionalized polyoxovanadate (POV) organic-inorganic hybrids, (Bu4N)2[V6O13{(OCH2)3C5H6N3O}2]·1.5CH3CN 2, (Bu4N)2[V6O13{(OCH2)3C7H8N3O2}2]·2CH3CN 3, (Bu4N)2[V6O13{(OCH2)3C11H10N3}2] 4 and (Bu4N)2[V6O13{(OCH2)3C10H7N3Cl}2] 5 were prepared through the CuAAC reaction using the azide functionalized hexavanadate, (Bu4N)2[V6O13{(OCH2)3CCH2N3}2]·2.5CH3CN 1, as the precursor, where CuI was used as the catalyst and N,N-diisopropylethylamine (DIPEA) as a stabilizer for CuI. All the four compounds were structurally and compositionally characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, elemental analyses, powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), 1H NMR, ESI-MS, UV-Vis and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA).

The Heck reaction as a tool to expand polyoxovanadates towards thiol-sensitive organic–inorganic hybrid fluorescent switches

Pd-catalysed Heck cross-coupling reactions between organically-tailored polyoxovanadates and a variety of olefins were realised. The synthesised organic–inorganic hybrids pave the way for the redox-driven luminescence switching, opening up great perspectives in tracing smart reducing agents such as e.g. toxic thiols.

Tosylation of alcohols: an effective strategy for the functional group transformation of organic derivatives of polyoxometalates

Recently, the organic functionalization of polyoxometalates (POMs) has drawn increasing interest, and an easy and effective route to achieve organic derivatives is of great importance. Herein, the first reported synthesis of a tosyl ester derivative of the polyoxometalate (Bu4N)2[V6O13{(OCH2)3CCH2SO3C7H4}2]·2.5CH3CN (compound 1) was performed by using DMAP as an activating reagent and triethylamine as an HCl scavenger. The tosyl ester was transformed into an azide or halide group by using sodium azide or sodium bromide, respectively, as the nucleophilic agent. Two derivatives of POMs, (Bu4N)2[V6O13{(OCH2)3CCH2N3}2]·4CH3CN (compound 2) and (Bu4N)2[V6O13{(OCH2)3CCH2Br}2] (compound 3), were easily obtained. All the compounds were structurally and compositionally characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy, NMR spectroscopy, ESI-MS, UV-Vis spectroscopy and TGA. This work provides a new route for the functional group transformation of organic derivatives of polyoxometalates.

The Cu(i)-catalysed Huisgen 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition route to (bio-)organic functionalisation of polyoxovanadates

We elaborated a synthetic protocol that provides convenient access to a “click”-directed covalent conjugation between ⁵¹V-NMR detectable, redox-active polyoxo(alkoxo)vanadate and (bio-)organoazides. The compounds can potentially be used in bioelectronics, biocatalysis and biosensorics.

A simple synthetic route to polyoxovanadate-based organic–inorganic hybrids using EEDQ as an ester coupling agent

A simple synthetic strategy for the post-functionalization of organically derivatized hexavanadates is presented.

A mild post-functionalization method for the vanadium substituted P2W15V3 Wells–Dawson polyoxometalate based on a copper catalyzed azide–alkyne cycloaddition

A novel post-functionalization method for the vanadium substituted P₂W₁₅V₃ Wells–Dawson polyoxometalate has been developed using a copper catalyzed azide–alkyne cycloaddition.

Functional polyoxometalates from solvothermal reactions of VOSO4 with tripodal alkoxides – a study on the reactivity of different “tris” derivatives

A facile synthetic procedure for functional polyoxovanadates is reported. Furthermore, this study shows different possible binding modes of amino functionalised tris(hydroxymethyl)methane derivatives on polyoxovanadates.

Manipulation of Self-Assembled Nanostructure Dimensions in Molecular Janus Particles

The ability to manipulate self-assembly of molecular building blocks is the key to achieving precise "bottom-up" fabrications of desired nanostructures. Herein, we report a rational design, facile synthesis, and self-assembly of a series of molecular Janus particles (MJPs) constructed by chemically linking α-Keggin-type polyoxometalate (POM) nanoclusters with functionalized polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) cages. Diverse nanostructures were obtained by tuning secondary interactions among the building blocks and solvents via three factors: solvent polarity, surface functionality of POSS derivatives, and molecular topology. Self-assembled morphologies of KPOM-BPOSS (B denotes isobutyl groups) were found dependent on solvent polarity. In acetonitrile/water mixtures with a high dielectric constant, colloidal nanoparticles with nanophase-separated internal lamellar structures quickly formed, which gradually turned into one-dimensional nanobelt crystals upon aging, while stacked crystalline lamellae were dominantly observed in less polar methanol/chloroform solutions. When the crystallizable BPOSS was replaced with noncrystallizable cyclohexyl-functionalized CPOSS, the resulting KPOM-CPOSS also formed colloidal spheres; however, it failed to further evolve into crystalline nanobelt structures. In less polar solvents, KPOM-CPOSS crystallized into isolated two-dimensional nanosheets, which were composed of two inner crystalline layers of Keggin POM covered by two monolayers of amorphous CPOSS. In contrast, self-assembly of KPOM-2BPOSS was dominated by crystallization of the BPOSS cages, which was hardly sensitive to solvent polarity. The BPOSS cages formed the crystalline inner bilayer, sandwiched by two outer layers of Keggin POM clusters. These results illustrate a rational strategy to purposely fabricate self-assembled nanostructures with diverse dimensionality from MJPs with controlled molecular composition and topology.

19-Tungstodiarsenate(III) Functionalized by Organoantimony(III) Groups: Tuning the Structure-Bioactivity Relationship

A family of three discrete organoantimony(III)-functionalized heteropolyanions-[Na{2-(Me2HN(+)CH2)C6H4Sb(III)}As(III)2W19O67(H2O)](10-) (1), [{2-(Me2HN(+)CH2)C6H4Sb(III)}2As(III)2W19O67(H2O)](8-) (2), and [{2-(Me2HN(+)CH2)C6H4Sb(III)}{WO2(H2O)}{WO(H2O)}2(B-β-As(III)W8O30)(B-α-As(III)W9O33)2](14-) (3)-have been prepared by one-pot reactions of the 19-tungstodiarsenate(III) precursor [As(III)2W19O67(H2O)](14-) with 2-(Me2NCH2)C6H4SbCl2. The three novel polyanions crystallized as the hydrated mixed-alkali salts Cs3KNa6[Na{2-(Me2HN(+)CH2)C6H4Sb(III)}As(III)2W19O67(H2O)]·43H2O (CsKNa-1), Rb2.5K5.5[{2-(Me2HN(+)CH2)C6H4Sb(III)}2As(III)2W19O67(H2O)]·18H2O·Me2NCH2C6H5 (RbK-2), and Rb2.5K11.5[{2-(Me2HN(+)CH2)C6H4Sb(III)}{WO2(H2O)}{WO(H2O)}2(B-β-As(III)W8O30)(B-α-As(III)W9O33)2]·52H2O (RbK-3), respectively. The number of incorporated {2-(Me2HN(+)CH2)C6H4Sb(III)} units could be tuned by careful control of the experimental parameters. Polyanions 1 and 2 possess a dimeric sandwich-type topology, whereas 3 features a trimeric, wheel-shaped structure, representing the largest organoantimony-containing polyanion. All three compounds were fully characterized in the solid state via single-crystal X-ray diffraction (XRD), infrared (IR) spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis, and their aqueous solution stability was validated by ultraviolet-visible light (UV-vis) and multinuclear ((1)H, (13)C, and (183)W) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Effective inhibition against six different types of bacteria was observed for 1 and 2, and we could extract a structure-bioactivity relationship for these polyanions.

Organoantimony(III)-Containing Tungstoarsenates(III): From Controlled Assembly to Biological Activity

A family of three sandwich-type, phenylantimony(III)-containing tungstoarsenates(III), [(PhSb(III) ){Na(H2 O)}As(III) 2 W19 O67 (H2 O)](11-) (1), [(PhSb(III) )2 As(III) 2 W19 O67 (H2 O)](10-) (2), and [(PhSb(III) )3 (B-α-As(III) W9 O33 )2 ](12-) (3), have been synthesized by one-pot procedures and isolated as hydrated alkali metal salts, Cs3 K3.5 Na4.5 [(PhSb(III) ){Na(H2 O)}As(III) 2 W19 O67 (H2 O)]⋅41H2 O (CsKNa-1), Cs4.5 K5.5 [(PhSb(III) )2 As(III) 2 W19 O67 (H2 O)]⋅35H2 O (CsK-2), and Cs4.5 Na7.5 [(PhSb(III) )3 (B-α-As(III) W9 O33 )2 ]⋅42H2 O (CsNa-3). The number of incorporated {PhSb(III) } units could be selectively tuned from one to three by careful control of the reaction parameters. The three compounds were characterized in the solid state by single-crystal XRD, IR spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis. The aqueous solution stability of sandwich polyanions 1-3 was also studied by multinuclear ((1) H, (13) C, (183) W) NMR spectroscopy. Effective inhibitory activity against six different kinds of bacteria was identified for all three polyanions, for which the activity increased with the number of incorporated {PhSb(III) } groups.

A versatile and highly efficient post-functionalization method for grafting organic molecules onto Anderson-type polyoxometalates

A new azide functionalized Anderson polyoxometalate was used for further post-functionalization with organic compounds through a copper catalyzed azide–alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) reaction.

Exploring the utility of organo-polyoxometalate hybrids to inhibit SOX transcription factors

Background

SOX transcription factors constitute an attractive target class for intervention with small molecules as they play a prominent role in the field of regenerative biomedicine and cancer biology. However, rationally engineering specific inhibitors that interfere with transcription factor DNA interfaces continues to be a monumental challenge in the field of transcription factor chemical biology. Polyoxometalates (POMs) are inorganic compounds that were previously shown to target the high-mobility group (HMG) of SOX proteins at nanomolar concentrations. In continuation of this work, we carried out an assessment of the selectivity of a panel of newly synthesized organo-polyoxometalate hybrids in targeting different transcription factor families to enable the usage of polyoxometalates as specific SOX transcription factor drugs.

Results

The residual DNA-binding activities of 15 different transcription factors were measured after treatment with a panel of diverse polyoxometalates. Polyoxometalates belonging to the Dawson structural class were found to be more potent inhibitors than the Keggin class. Further, organically modified Dawson polyoxometalates were found to be the most potent in inhibiting transcription factor DNA binding activity. The size of the polyoxometalates and its derivitization were found to be the key determinants of their potency.

Conclusion

Polyoxometalates are highly potent, nanomolar range inhibitors of the DNA binding activity of the Sox-HMG family. However, binding assays involving a limited subset of structurally diverse polyoxometalates revealed a low selectivity profile against different transcription factor families. Further progress in achieving selectivity and deciphering structure-activity relationship of POMs require the identification of POM binding sites on transcription factors using elaborate approaches like X-ray crystallography and multidimensional NMR. In summary, our report reaffirms that transcription factors are challenging molecular architectures and that future polyoxometalate chemistry must consider further modification strategies, to address the substantial challenges involved in achieving target selectivity.

Synthesis and biological activity of organoantimony(III)-containing heteropolytungstates

Three discrete organoantimony(III)-containing heteropolytungstates [(PhSb(III))(4)(A-α-Ge(IV)W(9)O(34))(2)](12-) (1), [(PhSb(III))(4)(A-α-P(V)W(9)O(34))(2)](10-) (2), and [{2-(Me(2)NCH(2)C(6)H(4))Sb(III)}(3)(B-α-As(III)W(9)O(33))](3-) (3) have been synthesized in one-pot reactions in aqueous medium using the appropriate lacunary heteropolyanion precursor and organoantimony(III) source. Polyanions 1-3 were isolated as hydrated salts, (NH(4))(12)[(PhSb(III))(4)(A-α-Ge(IV)W(9)O(34))(2)]·20H(2)O (1a), Rb(9)Na[(PhSb(III))(4)(A-α-P(V)W(9)O(34))(2)]·20H(2)O (2a), and Rb(3)[{2-(Me(2)NCH(2)C(6)H(4))Sb(III)}(3)(B-α-As(III)W(9)O(33))]·7H(2)O (3a). The compounds 1a-3a were fully characterized in the solid state using infrared (IR) spectroscopy, single-crystal XRD, and thermogravimetric and elemental analyses. The stability of 1-3 in aqueous solution was confirmed by multinuclear NMR ((1)H, (13)C, (31)P, and (183)W) spectroscopy. Preliminary studies on the biological activity of 1-3 showed that all three compounds might act as potent antimicrobial agents.

Functionalization and post-functionalization: a step towards polyoxometalate-based materials

Polyoxometalates (POMs) have remarkable properties and a great deal of potential to meet contemporary societal demands regarding health, environment, energy and information technologies. However, implementation of POMs in various functional architectures, devices or materials requires a processing step. Most developments have considered the exchange of POM counterions in an electrostatically driven approach: immobilization of POMs on electrodes and other surfaces including oxides, embedding in polymers, incorporation into Layer-by-Layer assemblies or Langmuir-Blodgett films and hierarchical self-assembly of surfactant-encapsulated POMs have thus been thoroughly investigated. Meanwhile, the field of organic-inorganic POM hybrids has expanded and offers the opportunity to explore the covalent approach for the organization or immobilization of POMs. In this critical review, we focus on the use of POM hybrids in selected fields of applications such as catalysis, energy conversion and molecular nanosciences and we endeavor to discuss the impact of the covalent approach compared to the electrostatic one. The synthesis of organic-inorganic POM hybrids starting from bare POMs, that is the direct functionalization of POMs, is well documented and reliable and efficient synthetic procedures are available. However, as the complexity of the targeted functional system increases a multi-step strategy relying on the post-functionalization of preformed hybrid POM platforms could prove more appealing. In the second part of this review, we thus survey the synthetic methodologies of post-functionalization of POMs and critically discuss the opportunities it offers compared to direct functionalization.

Nanoscale polyoxometalate-based inorganic/organic hybrids

The latest advances in the area of polyoxometalate (POM)-based inorganic/organic hybrid materials prepared by self-assembly, covalent modification, and supramolecular interactions are presented. This Review is composed of five sections and documents the effect of organic cations on the formation of novel POMs, surfactant encapsulated POM-based hybrids, polymeric POM/organic hybrid materials, POMs-containing ionic crystals, and covalently functionalized POMs. In addition to their role in the charge-balancing, of anionic POMs, the crucial role of organic cations in the formation and functionalization of POM-based hybrid materials is discussed.

Hybrid polyoxometalates: Keggin and Dawson silyl derivatives as versatile platforms

A new series of polyoxometalate-based hybrids has been synthesized. These covalently linked organic-inorganic materials represent valuable elementary building blocks ready for postfunctionalization, using classical organic reactions and couplings. This approach is exemplified by the grafting of an organic chromophore via a Sonogashira coupling.