1
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Li W, Yu Y, Yang J, Fu K, Zhang X, Shi S, Li T. Synthesis of Fluoren-9-ones via Pd-Catalyzed Annulation of 2-Iodobiphenyls with Vinylene Carbonate. Chem Asian J 2024; 19:e202301040. [PMID: 38019114 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202301040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
A palladium-catalyzed reaction for intermolecular selective C-H cyclocarbonylation of 2-iodobiphenyls is described. Intriguingly, the vinylene carbonate acts as a carbon monoxide transfer agent to enable the annulation reaction. Moreover, as a versatile synthon, fluoren-9-one can be transformed into a variety of functionalized organic molecules, such as [1,1'-biphenyl]-2-carboxylic acid, 1'H,3'H-spiro[fluorene-9,2'-perimidine] and N-tosylhydrazones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenguang Li
- Drug Synthesis Engineering Technology Research Center of Henan Province for Photoelectric Green Catalysis, Engineering Technology Research Center of Henan Province for Solar Catalysis, College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanyang Normal University, Henan, 473061, China
- State Key Laboratory of Motor Vehicle Biofuel Technology, Henan Tianguan Enterprise Group Company Limited, Henan, 473000, China
| | - Yongqi Yu
- Drug Synthesis Engineering Technology Research Center of Henan Province for Photoelectric Green Catalysis, Engineering Technology Research Center of Henan Province for Solar Catalysis, College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanyang Normal University, Henan, 473061, China
| | - Jie Yang
- Drug Synthesis Engineering Technology Research Center of Henan Province for Photoelectric Green Catalysis, Engineering Technology Research Center of Henan Province for Solar Catalysis, College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanyang Normal University, Henan, 473061, China
| | - Kaifang Fu
- Drug Synthesis Engineering Technology Research Center of Henan Province for Photoelectric Green Catalysis, Engineering Technology Research Center of Henan Province for Solar Catalysis, College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanyang Normal University, Henan, 473061, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Drug Synthesis Engineering Technology Research Center of Henan Province for Photoelectric Green Catalysis, Engineering Technology Research Center of Henan Province for Solar Catalysis, College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanyang Normal University, Henan, 473061, China
| | - Shukui Shi
- Drug Synthesis Engineering Technology Research Center of Henan Province for Photoelectric Green Catalysis, Engineering Technology Research Center of Henan Province for Solar Catalysis, College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanyang Normal University, Henan, 473061, China
| | - Ting Li
- Drug Synthesis Engineering Technology Research Center of Henan Province for Photoelectric Green Catalysis, Engineering Technology Research Center of Henan Province for Solar Catalysis, College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanyang Normal University, Henan, 473061, China
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2
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Liu C, Yu J, Bao L, Zhang G, Zou X, Zheng B, Li Y, Zhang Y. Electricity-Promoted Friedel-Crafts Acylation of Biarylcarboxylic Acids. J Org Chem 2023; 88:3794-3801. [PMID: 36861957 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c03071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
An electricity-promoted method for Friedel-Crafts acylation of biarylcarboxylic acids is described in this research. Various fluorenones can be accessed in up to 99% yields. During the acylation, electricity plays an essential role, which might motivate the chemical equilibrium by consuming the generated TFA. This study is predicted to provide an avenue to realize Friedel-Crafts acylation in a more environmentally friendly process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Liu
- Department of Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Jiage Yu
- Department of Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Liang Bao
- Department of Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Gaoyuan Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Xinyue Zou
- Department of Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Bing Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Yiyi Li
- Department of Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Yunfei Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
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3
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Haggam RA. Microwave-assisted intramolecular palladium-mediated cyclizations of o-iodobenzophenones for methoxy fluoren-9-ones. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2022.2095210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Reda A. Haggam
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Islamic University of Madinah, Medina, Saudi Arabia
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4
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Jiang H, Zhu S, Cui Z, Li Z, Liang Y, Zhu J, Hu P, Zhang HL, Hu W. High-performance five-ring-fused organic semiconductors for field-effect transistors. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:3071-3122. [PMID: 35319036 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs01136g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Organic molecular semiconductors have been paid great attention due to their advantages of low-temperature processability, low fabrication cost, good flexibility, and excellent electronic properties. As a typical example of five-ring-fused organic semiconductors, a single crystal of pentacene shows a high mobility of up to 40 cm2 V-1 s-1, indicating its potential application in organic electronics. However, the photo- and optical instabilities of pentacene make it unsuitable for commercial applications. But, molecular engineering, for both the five-ring-fused building block and side chains, has been performed to improve the stability of materials as well as maintain high mobility. Here, several groups (thiophenes, pyrroles, furans, etc.) are introduced to design and replace one or more benzene rings of pentacene and construct novel five-ring-fused organic semiconductors. In this review article, ∼500 five-ring-fused organic prototype molecules and their derivatives are summarized to provide a general understanding of this catalogue material for application in organic field-effect transistors. The results indicate that many five-ring-fused organic semiconductors can achieve high mobilities of more than 1 cm2 V-1 s-1, and a hole mobility of up to 18.9 cm2 V-1 s-1 can be obtained, while an electron mobility of 27.8 cm2 V-1 s-1 can be achieved in five-ring-fused organic semiconductors. The HOMO-LUMO levels, the synthesis process, the molecular packing, and the side-chain engineering of five-ring-fused organic semiconductors are analyzed. The current problems, conclusions, and perspectives are also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Jiang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, 300072, China. .,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Shengli Zhu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, 300072, China.
| | - Zhenduo Cui
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, 300072, China.
| | - Zhaoyang Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, 300072, China.
| | - Yanqin Liang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, 300072, China.
| | - Jiamin Zhu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, 300072, China.
| | - Peng Hu
- School of Physics, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Hao-Li Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Special Function Materials and Structure Design, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Wenping Hu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China. .,Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Fuzhou 350207, China
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5
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Zhao YH, Wang JL, Zhou YB, Liu MC, Wu HY. Palladium-catalyzed coupling reaction of 2-iodobiphenyls with alkenyl bromides for the construction of 9-(diorganomethylidene)fluorenes. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:8250-8253. [PMID: 34518849 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob01547h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
An atom economical protocol for the construction of 9-(diorganomethylidene)fluorenes through palladium-catalyzed coupling reactions of 2-iodobiphenyls with alkenyl bromides has been reported. The reaction proceeds through the C-H activation/oxidative addition/reduction elimination/intramolecular Heck coupling reaction to afford a series of 9-(diorganomethylidene)fluorenes with good yields. Control experiments demonstrate that a five-membered palladacycle acts as a key intermediate and β-H elimination serves as the rate-limiting step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Heng Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, P. R. of China.
| | - Jian-Long Wang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, P. R. of China.
| | - Yun-Bing Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, P. R. of China.
| | - Miao-Chang Liu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, P. R. of China.
| | - Hua-Yue Wu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, P. R. of China.
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6
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Wang CS, Wei YC, Pan ML, Wu CH, Chou PT, Wu YT. New [2,2]Fluorenophanes Give Insights into Asymmetric Charge Transfer-Mediated Exciton Delocalization along the π-π Packing Direction. Chemistry 2021; 27:8678-8683. [PMID: 33860557 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202100234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
A series of new [2,2]fluorenophanes has been synthesized and characterized; among them, molecules of crystallographically asymmetric anti-[2.2](1,4)(4,1)fluorenophane (K2C-2) aggregate to form one-dimensional supramolecular chain structures through effective intermolecular π-π overlapping. This, in combination with the synergistic intramolecular π-π interaction, leads to prominent dual emission mediated by charge transfer (CT) exciton delocalization. Support of this new insight is given by mapping the transition density along the π-π packing direction where the intramolecular excitation and intermolecular CT coexist in K2C-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Shin Wang
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, 70101, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chen Wei
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, 10617, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Lun Pan
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, 70101, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Ham Wu
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, 10617, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pi-Tai Chou
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, 10617, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Ting Wu
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, 70101, Tainan, Taiwan
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7
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Kato SI, Kijima T, Shiota Y, Abe T, Kuwako S, Miyauchi H, Yoshikawa N, Yamamoto K, Yoshizawa K, Yoshihara T, Tobita S, Nakamura Y. Chemical transformations of push-pull fluorenones: push-pull dibenzodicyanofulvenes as well as fluorenone- and dibenzodicyanofulvene-tetracyanobutadiene conjugates. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:4198-4209. [PMID: 32191251 DOI: 10.1039/c9ob02706h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Push-pull fluorenones (FOs) were synthesized by treating a benzopentalenequinone (BPO) derivative with alkynes that bear an electron-rich aniline moiety via a regioselective [4 + 2] cycloaddition (CA) followed by a [4 + 1] retrocycloaddition (RCA). The resulting FOs were readily converted into dibenzodicyanofulvenes (DBDCFs) by treatment with malononitrile in the presence of TiCl4 and pyridine. The FOs and DBDCFs exhibit intramolecular charge-transfer (ICT) that manifests in absorptions at 350-650 nm and amphoteric electrochemical behavior. Furthermore, FOs and DBDCFs that contain a C[triple bond, length as m-dash]C bond react with tetracyanoethylene in a formal [2 + 2] CA followed by a retro-electrocyclization to afford sterically congested tetracyanobutadiene (TCBD) conjugates. The substituent (H or Me) on the aromatic ring adjacent to the butadiene moiety thereby determines whether the butadiene adopts an s-cis or s-trans conformation, and thus controls the physicochemical properties of the resulting TCBDs. The TCBD conjugates exhibit ICT absorptions (≤800 nm) together with up to four reversible reduction steps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin-Ichiro Kato
- Department of Materials Science, School of Engineering, The University of Shiga Prefecture, 2500 Hassaka-cho, Hikone, Shiga 522-8533, Japan.
| | - Tomokazu Kijima
- Division of Molecular Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Gunma University, 1-5-1 Tenjin-cho, Kiryu, Gunma 376-8515, Japan.
| | - Yoshihito Shiota
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Abe
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kuwako
- Division of Molecular Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Gunma University, 1-5-1 Tenjin-cho, Kiryu, Gunma 376-8515, Japan.
| | - Hidenori Miyauchi
- Division of Molecular Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Gunma University, 1-5-1 Tenjin-cho, Kiryu, Gunma 376-8515, Japan.
| | - Naoki Yoshikawa
- Division of Molecular Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Gunma University, 1-5-1 Tenjin-cho, Kiryu, Gunma 376-8515, Japan.
| | - Koji Yamamoto
- Division of Molecular Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Gunma University, 1-5-1 Tenjin-cho, Kiryu, Gunma 376-8515, Japan.
| | - Kazunari Yoshizawa
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Toshitada Yoshihara
- Division of Molecular Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Gunma University, 1-5-1 Tenjin-cho, Kiryu, Gunma 376-8515, Japan.
| | - Seiji Tobita
- Division of Molecular Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Gunma University, 1-5-1 Tenjin-cho, Kiryu, Gunma 376-8515, Japan.
| | - Yosuke Nakamura
- Division of Molecular Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Gunma University, 1-5-1 Tenjin-cho, Kiryu, Gunma 376-8515, Japan.
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8
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Manick AD, Salgues B, Parrain JL, Zaborova E, Fages F, Amatore M, Commeiras L. Access to Fluorenones Using Benzocyclopentynone Surrogate as Partner for the [2 + 2 + 2] Cycloaddition Reaction. Org Lett 2020; 22:1894-1898. [PMID: 32073278 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c00235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
A convenient and versatile procedure for the straightforward synthesis of substituted fluorenones as valuable scaffolds is described under rhodium catalysis. The present [2 + 2 + 2] cycloaddition reaction of diynes with 3-acetoxy or-3-alkoxyindenones as surrogates of the highly reactive benzocyclopentynone 2π partner allows the preparation of various fluorenone-type derivatives in good yields and provides an additional and tunable process for the generation of more challenging molecules with application in pharmaceutical, polymer, and material sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bruno Salgues
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, CINaM, UMR 7325, Marseille 13284, France
| | - Jean-Luc Parrain
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2, Marseille 13397, France
| | - Elena Zaborova
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, CINaM, UMR 7325, Marseille 13284, France
| | - Frédéric Fages
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, CINaM, UMR 7325, Marseille 13284, France
| | - Muriel Amatore
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2, Marseille 13397, France
| | - Laurent Commeiras
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2, Marseille 13397, France
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9
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Xie YS, Huang RF, Li R, Zhang CB, Fu JY, Zhao LL, Yuan JF. Metal-free [3+3] benzannulation of 1-indanylidene-malononitrile with Morita–Baylis–Hillman carbonates: direct access to functionalized fluorene and fluorenone derivatives. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:1948-1951. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cc00143k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An efficient [3+3] benzannulation of Morita–Baylis–Hillman carbonates with 1-indanylidenemalononitrile was achieved selectively delivering a wide range of functional fluorene or fluorenone compounds in high yields (up to 86% yields).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Sa Xie
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Henan University
- Kaifeng
- China
| | - Run-Feng Huang
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials
- Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing
| | - Ran Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Henan University
- Kaifeng
- China
| | - Chuan-Bao Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Henan University
- Kaifeng
- China
| | - Ji-Ya Fu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Henan University
- Kaifeng
- China
- Institute of Fine Chemistry and Engineering
| | - Li-Li Zhao
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials
- Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing
| | - Jin-Fang Yuan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Henan University
- Kaifeng
- China
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10
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Synthesis of Anthraquinones by Iridium-Catalyzed [2 + 2 + 2] Cycloaddition of a 1,2-Bis(propiolyl)benzene Derivative with Alkynes. INORGANICS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/inorganics7110138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
[2 + 2 + 2] cycloaddition of a 1,2-bis(propiolyl)benzene derivative with terminal and internal alkynes takes place in the presence of [Ir(cod)Cl]2 (cod = 1,5-cyclooctadiene) combined with bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane (DPPE) to give anthraquinones in 42% to 93% yields with a simple experimental procedure. A fluorenone derivative can also be synthesized by iridium-catalyzed [2 + 2 + 2] cycloaddition of a benzene-linked ketodiyne with an internal alkyne to give a 94% yield.
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11
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Isoda K, Matsuzaka M, Sugaya T, Yasuda T, Tadokoro M. Synthesis and electrochromic behavior of a multi-electron redox-active N-heteroheptacenequinone. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:7884-7890. [PMID: 31287489 DOI: 10.1039/c9ob01323g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
We report a novel N-heteroheptacenequinone derivative (C6OAHCQ) as a large π-conjugated framework. C6OAHCQ shows good electron-accepting behaviour owing to eight electron-deficient imino-N atoms and two carbonyl moieties and excellent solubility in common organic solvents. When a potential between 0 and -2.20 V is applied, C6OAHCQ is able to accept four electrons, which is more than fullerene C60 (three electrons) could accept in this voltage range. Moreover, a solution of C6OAHCQ and nBu4NPF6 in CH2Cl2 exhibits a clearly reversible brown-to-green colour change, suggesting that C6OAHCQ has potential as an electrochromic material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyosuke Isoda
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan.
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12
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Pang X, Tan Y, Tan C, Li W, Du N, Lu Y, Jiang Y. One-Step Construction of Fluorenone-Based Donor-Acceptor-Type Conjugated Polymers via Direct Arylation Polymerization for Cell-Imaging Applications. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:28246-28253. [PMID: 31117449 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b04630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Direct arylation polymerization (DARP) is a novel approach to obtain conjugated polymers (CPs) through the straightforward C-H activation of monomer building blocks. In this work, a convenient DARP method with high efficiency and excellent regioselectivity is developed to synthesize a series of donor-acceptor (D-A)-type CPs composed of electron-acceptor moiety fluorenones (FOs) and various electron-donor moieties. CPs with different band gaps are obtained in good yields and display large Stokes shifts up to 295 nm. Two ionic CPs, PFOP-NEt3(+) and PFOP-COO(-), were prepared in a polar solvent system to improve the water solubility and biocompatibility using the proposed DARP method. Detailed photophysical studies of these two CPs suggest that both solvation and hydrogen bonds play important roles in determining the polymers' spectroscopic properties. Further studies of the cationic polymer PFOP-NEt3(+) in cell imaging demonstrate its potential application in labeling cell membranes and lysosomes given its low cytotoxicity, excellent photostability, and specific subcellular localization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinlong Pang
- The State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, the Graduate School at Shenzhen , Tsinghua University , Shenzhen 518055 , P. R. China
| | - Ying Tan
- The State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, the Graduate School at Shenzhen , Tsinghua University , Shenzhen 518055 , P. R. China
| | - Chunyan Tan
- The State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, the Graduate School at Shenzhen , Tsinghua University , Shenzhen 518055 , P. R. China
| | - Wenlu Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, the Graduate School at Shenzhen , Tsinghua University , Shenzhen 518055 , P. R. China
| | - Nan Du
- The State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, the Graduate School at Shenzhen , Tsinghua University , Shenzhen 518055 , P. R. China
| | - Yunpeng Lu
- Division of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences , Nanyang Technological University , Singapore 637371
| | - Yuyang Jiang
- The State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, the Graduate School at Shenzhen , Tsinghua University , Shenzhen 518055 , P. R. China
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13
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Orrego-Hernández J, Lizarazo C, Cobo J, Portilla J. Pyrazolo-fused 4-azafluorenones as key reagents for the synthesis of fluorescent dicyanovinylidene-substituted derivatives. RSC Adv 2019; 9:27318-27323. [PMID: 35529179 PMCID: PMC9070601 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra04682h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A green method for the three-component synthesis of an indeno[1,2-b]pyrazolo[4,3-e]pyridines library under microwave irradiation and their use in the preparation of novel fluorescent dicyanovinylidene-substituted derivatives is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Orrego-Hernández
- Bioorganic Compounds Research Group
- Department of Chemistry
- Universidad de los Andes
- Bogotá 111711
- Colombia
| | - Carolina Lizarazo
- Bioorganic Compounds Research Group
- Department of Chemistry
- Universidad de los Andes
- Bogotá 111711
- Colombia
| | - Justo Cobo
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica
- Universidad de Jaén
- 23071 Jaén
- Spain
| | - Jaime Portilla
- Bioorganic Compounds Research Group
- Department of Chemistry
- Universidad de los Andes
- Bogotá 111711
- Colombia
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14
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Rana A, Paul I, Schmittel M. Dynamic effects in the didehydro-Diels-Alder (DDDA) reaction of enyne-ketoenes: 50% stepwise bond formation in spite of concerted transition state. J PHYS ORG CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/poc.3732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anup Rana
- Department of Chemistry and Biology; Universität Siegen; Siegen Germany
| | - Indrajit Paul
- Department of Chemistry and Biology; Universität Siegen; Siegen Germany
| | - Michael Schmittel
- Department of Chemistry and Biology; Universität Siegen; Siegen Germany
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15
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Lin Z, Liu X, Zhang W, Wei C, Huang J, Chen Z, Wang L, Yu G. Regioirregular ambipolar naphthalenediimide-based alternating polymers: Synthesis, characterization, and application in field-effect transistors. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.28747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zuzhang Lin
- School of Material Science and Engineering; University of Science and Technology Beijing; 100083 People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaotong Liu
- Organic Solids Laboratory; CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 People's Republic of China
| | - Weifeng Zhang
- Organic Solids Laboratory; CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 People's Republic of China
| | - Congyuan Wei
- Organic Solids Laboratory; CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 People's Republic of China
| | - Jianyao Huang
- Organic Solids Laboratory; CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 People's Republic of China
| | - Zhihui Chen
- Organic Solids Laboratory; CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 People's Republic of China
| | - Liping Wang
- School of Material Science and Engineering; University of Science and Technology Beijing; 100083 People's Republic of China
| | - Gui Yu
- Organic Solids Laboratory; CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100049 People's Republic of China
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16
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Borah A, Sharma A, Hazarika H, Sharma K, Gogoi P. Synthesis of 1-Azaanthraquinone: Sequential C–N Bond Formation/Lewis Acid Catalyzed Intramolecular Cyclization Strategy. J Org Chem 2017; 82:8309-8316. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b01427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ashwini Borah
- Applied
Organic Chemistry Group, Chemical Science and Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat 785006, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR, New Delhi, Delhi 110020, India
| | - Abhilash Sharma
- Applied
Organic Chemistry Group, Chemical Science and Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat 785006, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR, New Delhi, Delhi 110020, India
| | - Hemanta Hazarika
- Applied
Organic Chemistry Group, Chemical Science and Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat 785006, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR, New Delhi, Delhi 110020, India
| | - Kumud Sharma
- Applied
Organic Chemistry Group, Chemical Science and Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat 785006, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR, New Delhi, Delhi 110020, India
| | - Pranjal Gogoi
- Applied
Organic Chemistry Group, Chemical Science and Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat 785006, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR, New Delhi, Delhi 110020, India
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17
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Hasegawa M, Endo Y, Honda Y, Mazaki Y. π-Extended Tetrathiafulvalene Analogue with Dicyano Dihydro-s-indacene Core Leading to Facile Oxidation, Metallic Luster, and Solvatochromic Properties. CHEM LETT 2017. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.170257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masashi Hasegawa
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kitasato University, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0373
| | - Yasutaka Endo
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kitasato University, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0373
| | - Yoshiki Honda
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kitasato University, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0373
| | - Yasuhiro Mazaki
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kitasato University, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0373
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18
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Peltier JD, Heinrich B, Donnio B, Rault-Berthelot J, Jacques E, Poriel C. Electron-Deficient Dihydroindaceno-Dithiophene Regioisomers for n-Type Organic Field-Effect Transistors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:8219-8232. [PMID: 28192671 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b16333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we wish to report the first member of a new family of organic semiconductors constructed on a meta dihydroindacenodithiophene core, that is, 2,2'-(2,8-dihexyl-4,6-dihydro-s-indaceno[1,2-b:7,6-b']dithiophene-4,6-diylidene)dimalononitrile (called meta-IDT(═C(CN)2)2). The properties of this molecule were studied in detail through a structure-properties relationship study with its regioisomer, that is, 2,2'-(2,7-dihexyl-4,9-dihydro-s-indaceno[1,2-b:5,6-b']dithiophene-4,9-diylidene)dimalononitrile (para-IDT(═C(CN)2)2) (see isomer structures in blue in Chart 2). The influence of the bridge functionalization was also investigated by comparison with their diketone analogues meta-IDT(═O)2 and para-IDT(═O)2. This study sheds light on the impact of regioisomerism on the electronic properties at the molecular level (electrochemistry, absorption spectroscopy, molecular modeling) and also on the supramolecular arrangement, and finally on the organic field-effect transistors (OFET) performances and stabilities. The significant effect of self-assembled monolayers of 4-(dimethylamino)benzenethiol grafted on the gold drain and source electrodes or of the use of flexible substrate (polyethylene naphtalate) instead of glass on the OFET performances and stabilities are also reported. In the light of these results (maximum mobility reaching 7.1 × 10-2 cm2 V-1 cm-1, high IDon/IDoff of 2.3 × 107, and subthreshold swing of 1.2 V/dec), we believe that the present OFETs can be further used to construct electronic circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-David Peltier
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, Équipe Matière Condensée et Systèmes Électroactifs, UMR CNRS 6226 , Bât.10C, Campus de Beaulieu, 35042 Rennes cedex, France
| | - Benoît Heinrich
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg, UMR 7504, CNRS-Université de Strasbourg , 23 rue du Loess, BP 43, 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2, France
| | - Bertrand Donnio
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg, UMR 7504, CNRS-Université de Strasbourg , 23 rue du Loess, BP 43, 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2, France
| | - Joëlle Rault-Berthelot
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, Équipe Matière Condensée et Systèmes Électroactifs, UMR CNRS 6226 , Bât.10C, Campus de Beaulieu, 35042 Rennes cedex, France
| | - Emmanuel Jacques
- Institut d'Électronique et des Télécommunications de Rennes, Département Microélectronique & Microcapteurs, UMR CNRS 6164 , Bât.11B, Université Rennes 1, Campus de Beaulieu, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Cyril Poriel
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, Équipe Matière Condensée et Systèmes Électroactifs, UMR CNRS 6226 , Bât.10C, Campus de Beaulieu, 35042 Rennes cedex, France
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19
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Laha JK, Jethava KP, Patel S, Patel KV. Intramolecular Acylation of Unactivated Pyridines or Arenes via Multiple C–H Functionalizations: Synthesis of All Four Azafluorenones and Fluorenones. J Org Chem 2016; 82:76-85. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b02065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Joydev K. Laha
- Department of Pharmaceutical
Technology (Process Chemistry), National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar, Punjab 160062, India
| | - Krupal P. Jethava
- Department of Pharmaceutical
Technology (Process Chemistry), National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar, Punjab 160062, India
| | - Sagarkumar Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutical
Technology (Process Chemistry), National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar, Punjab 160062, India
| | - Ketul V. Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutical
Technology (Process Chemistry), National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar, Punjab 160062, India
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20
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Ye F, Haddad M, Michelet V, Ratovelomanana-Vidal V. Access toward Fluorenone Derivatives through Solvent-Free Ruthenium Trichloride Mediated [2 + 2 + 2] Cycloadditions. Org Lett 2016; 18:5612-5615. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.6b02840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fei Ye
- PSL Research University, Chimie ParisTech, CNRS, Institut de Recherche de Chimie
Paris, Paris 75005, France
| | - Mansour Haddad
- PSL Research University, Chimie ParisTech, CNRS, Institut de Recherche de Chimie
Paris, Paris 75005, France
| | - Véronique Michelet
- PSL Research University, Chimie ParisTech, CNRS, Institut de Recherche de Chimie
Paris, Paris 75005, France
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21
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Furusawa T, Morimoto T, Nishiyama Y, Tanimoto H, Kakiuchi K. Rh(I) -Catalyzed Intramolecular Carbonylative C-H/C-I Coupling of 2-Iodobiphenyls Using Furfural as a Carbonyl Source. Chem Asian J 2016; 11:2312-5. [PMID: 27378516 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201600802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Synthesis of fluoren-9-ones by a Rh-catalyzed intramolecular C-H/C-I carbonylative coupling of 2-iodobiphenyls using furfural as a carbonyl source is presented. The findings indicate that the rate-determining step is not a C-H bond cleavage but, rather, the oxidative addition of the C-I bond to a Rh(I) center.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuma Furusawa
- Graduate School of materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, Nara, 630-0192, Japan
| | - Tsumoru Morimoto
- Graduate School of materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, Nara, 630-0192, Japan.
| | - Yasuhiro Nishiyama
- Graduate School of materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, Nara, 630-0192, Japan
| | - Hiroki Tanimoto
- Graduate School of materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, Nara, 630-0192, Japan
| | - Kiyomi Kakiuchi
- Graduate School of materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, Nara, 630-0192, Japan
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22
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Shi X, Chi C. Different Strategies for the Stabilization of Acenes and Acene Analogues. CHEM REC 2016; 16:1690-700. [PMID: 27231234 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201600031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Acenes, a type of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon containing linearly fused benzene rings, have received much attention from organic chemists, physical chemists, and materials scientists, due to their intriguing properties and potential applications in organic electronics. Without doubt, acene chemistry has been one of the hottest topics among the π-conjugated systems. However, poor stability of acenes is the prominent issue that limits their applications. In this personal account, we summarize different strategies developed in our group to construct and stabilize acenes and acene analogues. In addition, the unique properties and applications of some molecules will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueliang Shi
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543
| | - Chunyan Chi
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543
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23
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Furusawa T, Morimoto T, Oka N, Tanimoto H, Nishiyama Y, Kakiuchi K. Pd(0)-catalyzed CO Gas-free Carbonylation of 2-Bromobiphenyls with Formaldehyde as a Carbonyl Surrogate through the Cleavage of a C–H Bond. CHEM LETT 2016. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.151182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takuma Furusawa
- Graduate School of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST)
| | - Tsumoru Morimoto
- Graduate School of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST)
| | - Nagato Oka
- Graduate School of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST)
| | - Hiroki Tanimoto
- Graduate School of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST)
| | - Yasuhiro Nishiyama
- Graduate School of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST)
| | - Kiyomi Kakiuchi
- Graduate School of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST)
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24
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Endo Y, Hasegawa M, Mazaki Y. π-Extended Dimeric Dicyanofulvene: A New Class of Electron-accepting Molecule. CHEM LETT 2016. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.151099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yasutaka Endo
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kitasato University
| | - Masashi Hasegawa
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kitasato University
| | - Yasuhiro Mazaki
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kitasato University
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25
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Liang S, Subrahmanyam AV, Khadem M, Zhao Y, Adronov A. Selective dispersion of single-walled carbon nanotubes with electron-rich fluorene-based copolymers. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra02524b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
We report novel π-conjugated copolymers containing electron-donating dithiafulvene (DTF) and π-extended tetrathiafulvalene (exTTF) repeat units for selective dispersion of single-walled carbon nanotubes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Liang
- Department of Chemistry
- McMaster University
- Hamilton
- Canada L8S 4M1
| | | | | | - Yuming Zhao
- Department of Chemistry
- Memorial University
- St. John's
- Canada A1B 3X7
| | - Alex Adronov
- Department of Chemistry
- McMaster University
- Hamilton
- Canada L8S 4M1
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26
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Xu J, Takai A, Takeuchi M. Multiple emissions from indenofluorenedione in solution and polymer films. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra17765d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
An indenofluorenedione derivative with D–A–D framework exhibits the dual fluorescent channels, which can be controllably switched in broad visible range by changing environmental polarity, leading to sensitive multi-luminescence including white.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinjia Xu
- Molecular Design & Function Group
- Polymer Materials Unit
- National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS)
- Tsukuba
- Japan
| | - Atsuro Takai
- Molecular Design & Function Group
- Polymer Materials Unit
- National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS)
- Tsukuba
- Japan
| | - Masayuki Takeuchi
- Molecular Design & Function Group
- Polymer Materials Unit
- National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS)
- Tsukuba
- Japan
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27
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NaH-assisted n-doping of polyanilines with dopant cation trapping sites and their stability of n-doping state against air. POLYMER 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2015.07.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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28
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaehyun Lee
- Department of Chemistry/Display
Research Center, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon 420-743, South Korea
| | - Jongwook Park
- Department of Chemistry/Display
Research Center, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon 420-743, South Korea
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29
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Takagi K, Kusafuka K, Ito Y, Yamauchi K, Ito K, Fukuda R, Ehara M. Synthesis and Optical Properties of Imidazole- and Benzimidazole-Based Fused π-Conjugated Compounds: Influence of Substituent, Counteranion, and π-Conjugated System. J Org Chem 2015; 80:7172-83. [PMID: 26102427 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b01028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Fused π-conjugated imidazolium chlorides having hydrogen (1-Cl), octyloxy (2-Cl), N,N-dibutylamino (3-Cl), trifluoromethyl (4-Cl), and cyano (5-Cl) groups substituted on the benzene ring at the 2-position of imidazole were prepared. Counteranion exchanges from chloride to bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imidate (2-TFSI) and tetrafluoroborate (2-BF4) were performed. The optical properties of these compounds (absorption and emission wavelengths, fluorescence quantum yield, and solvatochromism) were influenced by both the substituent and anion character, which was investigated by theoretical calculations using the density functional theory (DFT) and symmetry-adapted cluster-configuration interaction (SAC-CI) methods. Fused π-conjugated benzimidazolium chlorides having N,N-dibutylamino (6-Cl) and cyano (7-Cl) groups were also prepared to observe the different solvatochromic shifts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Takagi
- †Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso, Showa, Nagoya 466-8555 Japan
| | - Kazuma Kusafuka
- †Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso, Showa, Nagoya 466-8555 Japan
| | - Yohei Ito
- †Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso, Showa, Nagoya 466-8555 Japan
| | - Koji Yamauchi
- †Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso, Showa, Nagoya 466-8555 Japan
| | - Kaede Ito
- †Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso, Showa, Nagoya 466-8555 Japan
| | - Ryoichi Fukuda
- ‡Research Center for Computational Science, Institute for Molecular Science, 38 Nishigo-Naka, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8585 Japan.,§Elements Strategy Initiative for Catalysts and Batteries, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8520 Japan
| | - Masahiro Ehara
- ‡Research Center for Computational Science, Institute for Molecular Science, 38 Nishigo-Naka, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8585 Japan.,§Elements Strategy Initiative for Catalysts and Batteries, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8520 Japan
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30
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Xia D, Marszalek T, Li M, Guo X, Baumgarten M, Pisula W, Müllen K. Solution-Processable n-Type Organic Semiconductors Based on Angular-Shaped 2-(12H-Dibenzofluoren-12-ylidene)malononitrilediimide. Org Lett 2015; 17:3074-7. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.5b01343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Debin Xia
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Tomasz Marszalek
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Mengmeng Li
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Xin Guo
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Martin Baumgarten
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Wojciech Pisula
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Department
of Molecular Physics, Lodz University of Technology, Zeromskiego
116, 90-924 Lodz, Poland
| | - Klaus Müllen
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
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31
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Zhang J, Wang H, Ren S, Zhang W, Liu Y. Cu(0)/Selectfluor System-Mediated Mild Synthesis of Fluorinated Fluorenones from Nonaromatic Precursors (1,6-Enynes) Involving C–C Single Bond Cleavage. Org Lett 2015; 17:2920-3. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.5b01110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding
Base of Green Chemistry-Synthesis Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China
| | - Heng Wang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding
Base of Green Chemistry-Synthesis Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China
| | - Shaobo Ren
- State Key Laboratory Breeding
Base of Green Chemistry-Synthesis Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China
| | - Wei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding
Base of Green Chemistry-Synthesis Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China
| | - Yunkui Liu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding
Base of Green Chemistry-Synthesis Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China
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32
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Finke AD, Jahn BO, Saithalavi A, Dahlstrand C, Nauroozi D, Haberland S, Gisselbrecht JP, Boudon C, Mijangos E, Schweizer WB, Ott S, Ottosson H, Diederich F. The 6,6-Dicyanopentafulvene Core: A Template for the Design of Electron-Acceptor Compounds. Chemistry 2015; 21:8168-76. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201500379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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33
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Song J, Wei F, Sun W, Li K, Tian Y, Liu C, Li Y, Xie L. Synthesis of Fluoren-9-ones and Ladder-Type Oligo-p-phenylene Cores via Pd-Catalyzed Carbonylative Multiple C-C Bond Formation. Org Lett 2015; 17:2106-9. [PMID: 25895161 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.5b00680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A new route to various substituted fluoren-9-ones has been developed via an efficient Pd-catalyzed carbonylative multiple C-C bond formation. Under a CO atmosphere, using commercially available aryl halides and arylboronic acids as substrates, this three-component reaction proceeded smoothly in moderate to excellent yields with good functional-group compatibility. The mechanistic investigations suggested a sequential process for the reaction that forms o-bromobiaryls in the first stage followed by a cyclocarbonylation reaction. This chemistry has been successfully extended to construct ladder-type oligo-p-phenylene cores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Song
- †Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Display and Institute of Advanced Materials, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Fuliang Wei
- †Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Display and Institute of Advanced Materials, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Sun
- †Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Display and Institute of Advanced Materials, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke Li
- ‡College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanan Tian
- ‡College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Liu
- ‡College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Yali Li
- †Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Display and Institute of Advanced Materials, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Linghai Xie
- †Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Display and Institute of Advanced Materials, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
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34
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Kishore R, Shanthi Priya S, Sudhakar M, Venu B, Venugopal A, Yadav J, Kantam ML. Synthesis of fluorenones by using Pd(ii)/Mg–La mixed oxide catalyst. Catal Sci Technol 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cy01732c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Palladium(ii)/magnesium–lanthanum mixed oxide (Pd(ii)/Mg–La mixed oxide) catalyst was used in the dehydrogenative cyclization of benzophenones to afford fluorenones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramineni Kishore
- Inorganic and Physical Chemistry Division
- Indian Institute of Chemical Technology
- Hyderabad – 500607
- India
| | - Samudrala Shanthi Priya
- Inorganic and Physical Chemistry Division
- Indian Institute of Chemical Technology
- Hyderabad – 500607
- India
| | - Medak Sudhakar
- Inorganic and Physical Chemistry Division
- Indian Institute of Chemical Technology
- Hyderabad – 500607
- India
| | - Boosa Venu
- Inorganic and Physical Chemistry Division
- Indian Institute of Chemical Technology
- Hyderabad – 500607
- India
| | - Akula Venugopal
- Inorganic and Physical Chemistry Division
- Indian Institute of Chemical Technology
- Hyderabad – 500607
- India
| | - Jagjit Yadav
- Polymers and Functional Materials Division
- Indian Institute of Chemical Technology
- Hyderabad – 500607
- India
| | - Mannepalli Lakshmi Kantam
- Inorganic and Physical Chemistry Division
- Indian Institute of Chemical Technology
- Hyderabad – 500607
- India
- Department of Chemical Sciences
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Endo Y, Hasegawa M, Matsui T, Yagi H, Hino S, Mazaki Y. Synthesis and Electronic Structure of Dicyanofulvene-Fused Electron Accepting Molecule Based on a 1,5-Dihydro-s-Indacene Framework. Org Lett 2014; 16:5608-11. [PMID: 25310378 DOI: 10.1021/ol502675n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yasutaka Endo
- Department
of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kitasato University, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0373, Japan
| | - Masashi Hasegawa
- Department
of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kitasato University, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0373, Japan
| | - Tamami Matsui
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Ehime University, 3
Bunkyocho, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8577, Japan
| | - Hajime Yagi
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Ehime University, 3
Bunkyocho, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8577, Japan
| | - Shojun Hino
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Ehime University, 3
Bunkyocho, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8577, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Mazaki
- Department
of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kitasato University, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0373, Japan
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36
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Bellardita M, Loddo V, Mele A, Panzeri W, Parrino F, Pibiri I, Palmisano L. Photocatalysis in dimethyl carbonate green solvent: degradation and partial oxidation of phenanthrene on supported TiO2. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra06222a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Liu L, Wang F, Li Z, Wang J. CC Coupling Through Intramolecular Dual CH Activation Directed by a Removable Carboxylate Group: A Method for the Synthesis of Fluorenones under Mild Reaction Conditions. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201402035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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38
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Zhao C, Ge H, Yin S, Wang W. Theoretical investigation on the crystal structures and electron transport properties of several nitrogen-rich pentacene derivatives. J Mol Model 2014; 20:2158. [PMID: 24633768 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-014-2158-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2013] [Accepted: 01/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Exploring and synthesizing new simple n-channel organic semiconductor materials with large electron mobility and high air stability have remained a major challenge and hot issue in the field of organic electronics. In the current work, the electron transport properties of four novel nitrogen-rich pentacene derivatives (PBD1, PBD2, PBD3, and PBD4) with two cyano groups as potential n-channel OFET materials have been investigated at the molecular and crystal levels by means of density functional theory (DFT) calculations coupled with the prediction of crystal structures and the incoherent charge-hopping model. Calculations reveal that the studied compounds, which possess low-lying frontier molecular energy levels, large ionization potentials and electron affinities, are very stable exposed to air. Based on predicted crystal structures, the average electron mobility at room temperature (T = 300 K) for PBD1, PBD2, PBD3, and PBD4 is predicted to be as high as 0.950, 0.558, 0.518, and 1.052 cm²·V⁻¹·s⁻¹, which indicate that these four compounds are more than likely to be promising candidates as n-type OFET materials under favorable device conditions. However, this claim needs experimental verification. In addition, the angular-dependent simulation for electron mobility shows that the electron transport is remarkably anisotropic in these molecular crystals and the maximum μ(e) appears along the crystal axis direction since molecules along this direction exhibit the close face-to-face stacking arrangement with short interplanar distances (~3.6-4.0 Å), which induces large electronic couplings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caibin Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Macromolecular Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710062, China
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Pünner F, Schieven J, Hilt G. Synthesis of Fluorenone and Anthraquinone Derivatives from Aryl- and Aroyl-Substituted Propiolates. Org Lett 2013; 15:4888-91. [DOI: 10.1021/ol4023276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Florian Pünner
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Str., 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Justin Schieven
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Str., 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Gerhard Hilt
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Str., 35043 Marburg, Germany
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40
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Haggam RA. Cu(I)-catalyzed intramolecular cyclizations of substituted 2-iodobenzophenones under thermal and microwave conditions. Tetrahedron 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2013.05.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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41
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Synthesis of 2,3-diarylfluorenones by domino ‘twofold Heck/electrocyclization/dehydrogenation’ reactions of 2,3-dibromoindenone. Tetrahedron Lett 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2013.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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42
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Wan JC, Huang JM, Jhan YH, Hsieh JC. Novel Syntheses of Fluorenones via Nitrile-Directed Palladium-Catalyzed C–H and Dual C–H Bond Activation. Org Lett 2013; 15:2742-5. [DOI: 10.1021/ol401063w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Chih Wan
- Department of Chemistry, Tamkang University, New Taipei City, 25137, Taiwan
| | - Jun-Min Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Tamkang University, New Taipei City, 25137, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Huei Jhan
- Department of Chemistry, Tamkang University, New Taipei City, 25137, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Chieh Hsieh
- Department of Chemistry, Tamkang University, New Taipei City, 25137, Taiwan
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Li H, Zhu RY, Shi WJ, He KH, Shi ZJ. Synthesis of Fluorenone Derivatives through Pd-Catalyzed Dehydrogenative Cyclization. Org Lett 2012; 14:4850-3. [DOI: 10.1021/ol302181z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hu Li
- Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Sciences (BNLMS) and Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Green Chemistry Center, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China, State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Ru-Yi Zhu
- Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Sciences (BNLMS) and Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Green Chemistry Center, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China, State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Wen-Juan Shi
- Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Sciences (BNLMS) and Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Green Chemistry Center, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China, State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Ke-Han He
- Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Sciences (BNLMS) and Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Green Chemistry Center, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China, State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhang-Jie Shi
- Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Sciences (BNLMS) and Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Green Chemistry Center, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China, State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
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45
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Usta H, Kim C, Wang Z, Lu S, Huang H, Facchetti A, Marks TJ. Anthracenedicarboximide-based semiconductors for air-stable, n-channel organic thin-film transistors: materials design, synthesis, and structural characterization. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c1jm14713g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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46
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Gandeepan P, Hung CH, Cheng CH. Pd-catalyzed double C–H bond activation of diaryl ketones for the synthesis of fluorenones. Chem Commun (Camb) 2012; 48:9379-81. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cc34344d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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47
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Fix AG, Chase DT, Haley MM. Indenofluorenes and derivatives: syntheses and emerging materials applications. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2012; 349:159-95. [PMID: 23097030 DOI: 10.1007/128_2012_376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The growing demand for flexible electronic devices and hydrogen storage materials has spurred a resurgence of interest in polyaryl hydrocarbons including graphene, acenes, fullerenes, polythiophenes, etc. Indenofluorenes are another polyaryl molecular scaffold that has shown utility in the organic and hybrid materials arena, with polymers incorporating the indeno[1,2-b]fluorene moiety being common in organic light emitting diodes. This review examines the syntheses and properties of the five distinct indenofluorene regioisomers, with a focus on small molecule applications in organic electronics of this intriguing and somewhat underexplored family of polyaryl hydrocarbons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron G Fix
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, 97403-1253, USA
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48
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Lemasson F, Berton N, Tittmann J, Hennrich F, Kappes MM, Mayor M. Polymer Library Comprising Fluorene and Carbazole Homo- and Copolymers for Selective Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Extraction. Macromolecules 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/ma201890g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fabien Lemasson
- Institute for Nanotechnology (INT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76021 Karlsruhe,
Germany
| | - Nicolas Berton
- Institute for Nanotechnology (INT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76021 Karlsruhe,
Germany
| | - Jana Tittmann
- Institute for Nanotechnology (INT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76021 Karlsruhe,
Germany
| | - Frank Hennrich
- Institute for Nanotechnology (INT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76021 Karlsruhe,
Germany
| | - Manfred M. Kappes
- Institute for Nanotechnology (INT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76021 Karlsruhe,
Germany
- Institute of Physical
Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
- DFG Center for Functional Nanostructures, 76028 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Marcel Mayor
- Institute for Nanotechnology (INT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76021 Karlsruhe,
Germany
- DFG Center for Functional Nanostructures, 76028 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, 4003 Basel, Switzerland
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49
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Thirunavukkarasu VS, Cheng CH. Pd-catalyzed multiple C-H functionalization to construct biologically active compounds from aryl aldoxime ethers with arenes. Chemistry 2011; 17:14723-6. [PMID: 22147295 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201102996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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50
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Wang C, Dong H, Hu W, Liu Y, Zhu D. Semiconducting π-Conjugated Systems in Field-Effect Transistors: A Material Odyssey of Organic Electronics. Chem Rev 2011; 112:2208-67. [PMID: 22111507 DOI: 10.1021/cr100380z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2035] [Impact Index Per Article: 156.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chengliang Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Huanli Dong
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Wenping Hu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Yunqi Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Daoben Zhu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
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