1
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Bo Y, Hou Y, Thiel D, Weiß R, Clark T, Ferguson MJ, Tykwinski RR, Guldi DM. Tetracene Dimers: A Platform for Intramolecular Down- and Up-conversion. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:18260-18275. [PMID: 37531628 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c02417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Photon energy conversion can be accomplished in many different ways, including the two opposing manners, down-conversion (i.e., singlet fission, SF) and up-conversion (i.e., triplet-triplet annihilation up-conversion, TTA-UC). Both processes have the potential to help overcome the detailed balance limit of single-junction solar cells. Tetracene, in which the energies of the lowest singlet excited state and twice the triplet excited state are comparable, exhibits both down- and up-conversion. Here, we have designed meta-diethynylphenylene- and 1,3-diethynyladamantyl-linked tetracene dimers, which feature different electronic coupling, to characterize the interplay between intramolecular SF (intra-SF) and intramolecular TTA-UC (intra-TTA-UC) via steady-state and time-resolved absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy. Furthermore, we have used Pd-phthalocyanine as a sensitizer to enable intra-TTA-UC in the two dimers via indirect photoexcitation in the near-infrared part of the solar spectrum. The work is rounded off by temperature-dependent measurements, which outline key aspects of how thermal effects impact intra-SF and intra-TTA-UC in different dimers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Bo
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Yuxuan Hou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2G2
| | - Dominik Thiel
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - René Weiß
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Timothy Clark
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Computer-Chemie-Center (CCC), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nägelsbachstr. 25, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Michael J Ferguson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2G2
| | - Rik R Tykwinski
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2G2
| | - Dirk M Guldi
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
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2
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Schroeder ZW, McDonald R, Ferguson MJ, Chalifoux WA, Tykwinski RR, Lehnherr D. Pentacenones as Divergent Intermediates to Unsymmetrically Substituted Pentacenes: Synthesis and Crystallographic Analysis. J Org Chem 2022; 87:16236-16249. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c01755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zachary W. Schroeder
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Robert McDonald
- X-ray Crystallography Lab, Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Michael J. Ferguson
- X-ray Crystallography Lab, Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Wesley A. Chalifoux
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Rik R. Tykwinski
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Dan Lehnherr
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
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3
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Minami N, Yoshida K, Maeguchi K, Kato K, Shimizu A, Kashima G, Fujiwara M, Uragami C, Hashimoto H, Teki Y. π-Topology and Ultrafast Excited-State Dynamics of Remarkably Photochemically Stabilized Pentacene Derivatives with Radical Substituents. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:13514-13518. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cp00683a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Pentacene derivatives with both π-radical- and TIPS-substituents (1m and 1p) were synthesized and their photochemical properties and excited-state dynamics were evaluated. The pentacene-radical-linked systems 1m (1p) showed a remarkable improvement...
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4
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Yoshino K, Sakai H, Shoji Y, Kajitani T, Anetai H, Akutagawa T, Fukushima T, Tkachenko NV, Hasobe T. Room-Temperature Pentacene Fluids: Oligoethylene Glycol Substituent-Controlled Morphologies and Singlet Fission. J Phys Chem B 2020; 124:11910-11918. [PMID: 33336576 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c09754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
We report the first synthesis of solvent-free pentacene fluids at room temperature together with observation of singlet fission (SF). Three pentacenes with different number of ethylene glycol (EG) side chains (n) were employed (denoted as (EG)n-Pc-(EG)n: n = 2, 3, and 4). The morphologies of these pentacenes largely depend on the lengths of EG chains (n). (EG)3-Pc-(EG)3 and (EG)4-Pc-(EG)4 indicate fluid compounds at room temperature, whereas (EG)2-Pc-(EG)2 is a solid compound. Microscopic clustering with short-range interactions between pentacene chromophores was confirmed in X-ray diffraction profiles of solvent-free fluids. Such a structural trend is an important origin of SF and consistent with the steady-state spectroscopic results. To one's surprise, femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy demonstrated that SF occurred in thin films prepared from solvent-free fluids of (EG)3-Pc-(EG)3 and (EG)4-Pc-(EG)4 in spite of such excessive EG chains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Yoshino
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
| | - Hayato Sakai
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Shoji
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan.,RIKEN SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
| | - Takashi Kajitani
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan.,Materials Analysis Division, Open Facility Center, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
| | - Hayato Anetai
- Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Akutagawa
- Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan.,Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials (IMRAM), Tohoku University, Katahira 2-1-1, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Takanori Fukushima
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
| | - Nikolai V Tkachenko
- Chemistry and Advanced Materials Group, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Tampere University, Korkeakoulunkatu 8, Tampere FI33720, Finland
| | - Taku Hasobe
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
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5
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Hauschild M, Chen L, Etschel SH, Ferguson MJ, Hampel F, Halik M, Tykwinski RR. Anthracene-Pentacene Dyads: Synthesis and OFET Characterization. Chempluschem 2020; 85:921-926. [PMID: 32401434 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202000233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 05/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of a series of unsymmetrical derivatives of pentacene appended with functionalized anthracene moieties is reported. These anthracene-pentacene dyads have been characterized by UV-vis spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry to examine their electronic properties. X-ray crystallographic analysis was used to examine the solid-state features of anthracene-pentacene dyads 1 a-d with H-, F-, Cl-, and Br- substituents on the 9-position of anthracene, and shows that the packing arrangement of anthracene-pentacene derivatives 1 b,d,e are remarkably similar irrespective of the presence of fluoride, bromide or methyl substituents. The pentacene-anthracene dyads have been incorporated into OTFTs to evaluate their semiconducting properties. The pentacene derivative 1 b shows ambipolar behavior using AlOx C14 PA as the gate dielectric (electron and hole mobilities of 7.6 ⋅ 10-3 and 1.6 ⋅ 10-1 cm2 V-1 s-1 ), while performance of all derivatives was poor using p-doped Silicon as the substrate. These studies highlight the importance of thin-film formation over molecular structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Hauschild
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center of Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Straße 10, 91058, Erlangen, Germany.,Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lan Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Sebastian H Etschel
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center of Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Straße 10, 91058, Erlangen, Germany.,Interdisciplinary Center for Nanostructured Films - IZNF Institute of Materials Science, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Cauerstrasse 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Michael J Ferguson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Frank Hampel
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center of Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Straße 10, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Marcus Halik
- Interdisciplinary Center for Nanostructured Films - IZNF Institute of Materials Science, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Cauerstrasse 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Rik R Tykwinski
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G2, Canada
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6
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Fused multifunctionalized bridge aromatic hydrocarbons from in situ-generated arynes and anthracene derivatives. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2019.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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7
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Tykwinski RR. Synthesis of Unsymmetrical Derivatives of Pentacene for Materials Applications. Acc Chem Res 2019; 52:2056-2069. [PMID: 31310504 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.9b00216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Pentacene shows unique electronic properties that have long been appreciated and exploited. Over the past 20 years, new synthetic schemes have been developed to address some of the problems encountered with pristine pentacene (e.g., stability and solubility), and pentacene derivatives have become a mainstay in the realm of organic semiconductors in applications such as organic light-emitting diodes, organic field-effect transistors (OFETs), and organic photovoltaics. At the onset of our work, the vast majority of known pentacene derivatives featured a symmetrical structure, often as the result of synthetic protocols that rely on nucleophilic additions to 6,13-pentacenequinone (PQ). The assembly of pentacenes featuring an unsymmetrical framework held great appeal, but the stepwise formation of derivatives, in which a specific function might be incorporated through each individual addition step, did not exist. This Account presents contributions from our lab and others to the synthesis and study of unsymmetrical pentacene derivatives. PQ offers an ideal platform for desymmetrization through the sequential addition of nucleophiles to each of the two ketone groups. Addition can be completed in a one-pot protocol, or through individual steps in which the product of the first addition is isolated and used as a precursor in the divergent synthesis of a series of structurally related molecules. This general approach has been used to assemble pentacene derivatives appended with alkynyl/aryl/alkyl groups, polarized frameworks via substitution with donor and/or acceptor groups, and conjugated oligomers linked by butadiynyl moieties. Stepwise substitution also provides derivatives with remarkable functionality, including pentacene-porphyrin dyads, pendent TEMPO free radicals, cyanoacrylic acid anchor groups (for incorporation into dye-sensitized solar cells), and derivatives with ambipolar behavior for OFET devices. The study of intramolecular singlet fission (iSF) has emerged as one of the most fruitful applications of unsymmetrical pentacene derivatives. SF involves the spontaneous splitting of a photoexcited singlet state (S1) in one chromophore into a pair of triplets (T1) shared with a neighboring chromophore. Pentacene derivatives are particularly well suited for this since E(S1) ≥ 2E(T1) satisfies the thermodynamic requirements for SF, and they have the additional feature that two chromophores can be tethered together by a "spacer" that allows spectroscopic studies of iSF to be done in dilute solution. From a synthetic perspective, the major advantage of the dimeric structure is the ability to modify the spacer, which allows for control over the distance, geometric relationship, and electronic coupling between the two pentacene groups. Dimeric pentacenes are central to providing an in-depth understanding of the molecular mechanism of SF, often providing advances not possible from measurements in the solid state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rik R. Tykwinski
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
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8
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Gruber M, Padberg K, Min J, Waterloo AR, Hampel F, Maid H, Ameri T, Brabec CJ, Tykwinski RR. Acenequinocumulenes: Lateral and Vertical π-Extended Analogues of Tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ). Chemistry 2017; 23:17829-17835. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201704314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Gruber
- Department für Chemie und Pharmazie; Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM); Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU); Henkestrasse 42 91054 Erlangen Germany
| | - Kevin Padberg
- Department für Chemie und Pharmazie; Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM); Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU); Henkestrasse 42 91054 Erlangen Germany
| | - Jie Min
- Materials for Electronics and Energy Technology (i-MEET); Friedrich Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU); Martensstrasse 7 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Andreas R. Waterloo
- Department für Chemie und Pharmazie; Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM); Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU); Henkestrasse 42 91054 Erlangen Germany
| | - Frank Hampel
- Department für Chemie und Pharmazie; Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM); Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU); Henkestrasse 42 91054 Erlangen Germany
| | - Harald Maid
- Department für Chemie und Pharmazie; Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM); Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU); Henkestrasse 42 91054 Erlangen Germany
| | - Tayebeh Ameri
- Materials for Electronics and Energy Technology (i-MEET); Friedrich Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU); Martensstrasse 7 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Christoph J. Brabec
- Materials for Electronics and Energy Technology (i-MEET); Friedrich Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU); Martensstrasse 7 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Rik R. Tykwinski
- Department für Chemie und Pharmazie; Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM); Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU); Henkestrasse 42 91054 Erlangen Germany
- Current address: Department of Chemistry; University of Alberta; Edmonton AB T6G 2G2 Canada
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9
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Marshall JL, Lehnherr D, Lindner BD, Tykwinski RR. Reductive Aromatization/Dearomatization and Elimination Reactions to Access Conjugated Polycyclic Hydrocarbons, Heteroacenes, and Cumulenes. Chempluschem 2017; 82:967-1001. [PMID: 31961601 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201700168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Revised: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Acenes, heteroacenes, conjugated polycyclic hydrocarbons, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (collectively referred to in this review as conjugated polycyclic molecules, CPMs) have fascinated chemists since they were first isolated and synthesized in the mid 19th century. Most recently, these compounds have shown significant promise as the active components in organic devices (e.g., solar cells, thin-film transistors, light-emitting diodes, etc.), and, since 2001, a plethora of publications detail synthetic strategies to produce CPMs. In this review, we discuss reductive aromatization, reductive dearomatization, and elimination/extrusion reactions used to form CPMs. After a brief discussion on early methods to synthesize CPMs, we detail the use of reagents used for the reductive (de)aromatization of precursors containing 1,4-diols/diethers, including SnCl2 and iodide (I- ). Extension of these methods to carbomers and cumulenes is briefly discussed. We then describe low-valent metal species used to reduce endoxides to CPMs, and discuss the methods to directly reduce acenediones and acenones to the respective acene. In the final section, we describe methods used to affect aromatization to the desired CPM via extrusion of small, volatile molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan L Marshall
- Department of Chemistry, Gunning-Lemieux Chemistry Center, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Dan Lehnherr
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Benjamin D Lindner
- Department for Chemistry and Pharmacy, and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICCM), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Henkestrasse 42, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Rik R Tykwinski
- Department of Chemistry, Gunning-Lemieux Chemistry Center, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2G2, Canada.,Department for Chemistry and Pharmacy, and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICCM), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Henkestrasse 42, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
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10
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Do HH, Hauptmann R, Villinger A, Surkus AE, Lochbrunner S, Ehlers P, Langer P. Palladium-catalyzed synthesis and fluorescence study of 2,3-diaryl-5-ethynylbenzo[ e ]indoles. Tetrahedron 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2017.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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11
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Huy Do H, Villinger A, Lochbrunner S, Ehlers P, Langer P. Palladium‐Catalyzed Synthesis and Fluorescence Study of Ethynylated Naphthalene Derivatives. European J Org Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201700024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hoang Huy Do
- Institut für Chemie Universität Rostock Albert‐Einstein‐Str. 3a 18059 Rostock Germany
| | - Alexander Villinger
- Institut für Chemie Universität Rostock Albert‐Einstein‐Str. 3a 18059 Rostock Germany
| | - Stefan Lochbrunner
- Institut für Physik Universität Rostock Albert‐Einstein‐Str. 23–24 18059 Rostock Germany
| | - Peter Ehlers
- Institut für Chemie Universität Rostock Albert‐Einstein‐Str. 3a 18059 Rostock Germany
- Leibniz‐Institut für Katalyse an der Universität Rostock e.V. Albert‐Einstein‐Str. 29a 18059 Rostock Germany
| | - Peter Langer
- Institut für Chemie Universität Rostock Albert‐Einstein‐Str. 3a 18059 Rostock Germany
- Leibniz‐Institut für Katalyse an der Universität Rostock e.V. Albert‐Einstein‐Str. 29a 18059 Rostock Germany
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12
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Lehnherr D, Adam M, Murray AH, McDonald R, Hampel F, Tykwinski RR. Synthesis, physical properties, and chemistry of donor–acceptor-substituted pentacenes. CAN J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1139/cjc-2016-0450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Pentacenes bearing electron-donating and (or) -withdrawing groups, namely methoxy-, dialkylamino-, and nitroaryl moieties, are synthesized to afford polarized pentacenes. The optical, electrochemical, and chemical properties of these derivatives are explored. The cycloaddition reaction of selected derivatives with tetracyanoethylene (TCNE) is explored, and the experimental results are rationalized on the basis calculations using density functional theory (DFT). X-ray crystallographic data provides insight into the molecular structure and intermolecular interactions present in the solid state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Lehnherr
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Matthias Adam
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität, Erlangen-Nürnberg, Henkestr. 42, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Adrian H. Murray
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Robert McDonald
- X-ray Crystallography Lab, Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Frank Hampel
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität, Erlangen-Nürnberg, Henkestr. 42, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Rik R. Tykwinski
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G2, Canada
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität, Erlangen-Nürnberg, Henkestr. 42, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
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13
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Zhang J, Myllenbeck NR, Andrew TL. Synthesis and Properties of Dithiocarbamate-Linked Acenes. Org Lett 2017; 19:210-213. [PMID: 27966998 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.6b03492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A small set of unsymmetrically substituted acene derivatives containing either aniline or dithiocarbamate moieties was synthesized. A stepwise, one-pot procedure was used to transform appropriate acenequinones to aniline-linked acenes in one step with moderate yields. A heretofore-unreported carbon disulfide activation process involving the formation of a trialkylammonium dithiocarbamate intermediate was found to be essential to convert these acene anilines to acene dithiocarbamates. The effects of the aniline and dithiocarbamate moieties on the photophysical properties of selected acene chromophores were assessed by UV/vis absorption and fluorescence spectroscopies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst , Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Nicholas R Myllenbeck
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst , Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Trisha L Andrew
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst , Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
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14
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Abstract
The outstanding performance of pentacene-based molecules in molecular electronics, as well as the predicted enhanced semiconducting properties of extended acenes, have stimulated the development of new synthetic methods and functionalization strategies for the preparation of stable and soluble acenes larger than tetracene with the aim of obtaining improved functional materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Dorel
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ)Barcelona Institute of Science and TechnologyAv. Països Catalans 1643007TarragonaSpain
| | - Antonio M. Echavarren
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ)Barcelona Institute of Science and TechnologyAv. Països Catalans 1643007TarragonaSpain
- Departament de Química Orgànica i AnalíticaUniversitat Rovira i VirgiliC/ Marcel43007TarragonaSpain
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15
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Kumarasamy E, Sanders SN, Pun AB, Vaselabadi SA, Low JZ, Sfeir MY, Steigerwald ML, Stein GE, Campos LM. Properties of Poly- and Oligopentacenes Synthesized from Modular Building Blocks. Macromolecules 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.5b02711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elango Kumarasamy
- Department
of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Samuel N. Sanders
- Department
of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Andrew B. Pun
- Department
of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Saeed Ahmadi Vaselabadi
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, United States
| | - Jonathan Z. Low
- Department
of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Matthew Y. Sfeir
- Center
for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | | | - Gila E. Stein
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, United States
| | - Luis M. Campos
- Department
of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
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16
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Ito A, Uebe M, Takahashi K, Ishikawa H, Sakamaki D, Sato H, Matsumoto T, Tanaka K. Synthesis and Characterization of 6,13-Diamino-Substituted Pentacenes. Chemistry 2016; 22:2165-2170. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201503996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Ito
- Department of Molecular Engineering; Graduate School of Engineering; Kyoto University; Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
| | - Masashi Uebe
- Department of Molecular Engineering; Graduate School of Engineering; Kyoto University; Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
| | - Kazuki Takahashi
- Department of Molecular Engineering; Graduate School of Engineering; Kyoto University; Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ishikawa
- Department of Molecular Engineering; Graduate School of Engineering; Kyoto University; Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
| | - Daisuke Sakamaki
- Department of Molecular Engineering; Graduate School of Engineering; Kyoto University; Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Sato
- X-ray Research Laboratory; Rigaku Corporation; Matsubara-cho 3-9-12 Akishima Tokyo 196-8666 Japan
| | - Takashi Matsumoto
- X-ray Research Laboratory; Rigaku Corporation; Matsubara-cho 3-9-12 Akishima Tokyo 196-8666 Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Tanaka
- Department of Molecular Engineering; Graduate School of Engineering; Kyoto University; Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
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17
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiyuki Hamura
- Department of Applied Chemistry for Environment, Kwansei Gakuin University
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18
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Baral RN, Thomas SW. Steric and Electronic Substituent Effects Influencing Regioselectivity of Tetracene Endoperoxidation. J Org Chem 2015; 80:11086-91. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b01692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rom Nath Baral
- Department of Chemistry, Tufts University, 62
Talbot Avenue, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
| | - Samuel W. Thomas
- Department of Chemistry, Tufts University, 62
Talbot Avenue, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
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19
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Altınok E, Smith ZC, Thomas SW. Two-Dimensional, Acene-Containing Conjugated Polymers That Show Ratiometric Fluorescent Response to Singlet Oxygen. Macromolecules 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.5b01076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Esra Altınok
- Department of Chemistry, Tufts University, 62 Talbot
Avenue, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
| | - Zachary C. Smith
- Department of Chemistry, Tufts University, 62 Talbot
Avenue, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
| | - Samuel W. Thomas
- Department of Chemistry, Tufts University, 62 Talbot
Avenue, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
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20
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Schwaben J, Münster N, Klues M, Breuer T, Hofmann P, Harms K, Witte G, Koert U. Efficient Syntheses of Novel Fluoro-Substituted Pentacenes and Azapentacenes: Molecular and Solid-State Properties. Chemistry 2015; 21:13758-71. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201501399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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21
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Zheng S, Lu J, Yan D, Qin Y, Li H, Evans DG, Duan X. An Inexpensive Co-Intercalated Layered Double Hydroxide Composite with Electron Donor-Acceptor Character for Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting. Sci Rep 2015; 5:12170. [PMID: 26174201 PMCID: PMC4502407 DOI: 10.1038/srep12170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper, the inexpensive 4,4-diaminostilbene-2,2-disulfonate (DAS) and 4,4-dinitro-stilbene-2,2- disulfonate (DNS) anions with arbitrary molar ratios were successfully co-intercalated into Zn2Al-layered double hydroxides (LDHs). The DAS(50%)-DNS/LDHs composite exhibited the broad UV-visible light absorption and fluorescence quenching, which was a direct indication of photo-induced electron transfer (PET) process between the intercalated DAS (donor) and DNS (acceptor) anions. This was confirmed by the matched HOMO/LUMO energy levels alignment of the intercalated DAS and DNS anions, which was also compatible for water splitting. The DAS(50%)-DNS/LDHs composite was fabricated as the photoanode and Pt as the cathode. Under the UV-visible light illumination, the enhanced photo-generated current (4.67 mA/cm2 at 0.8 V vs. SCE) was generated in the external circuit, and the photoelectrochemical water split was realized. Furthermore, this photoelectrochemical water splitting performance had excellent crystalline, electrochemical and optical stability. Therefore, this novel inorganic/organic hybrid photoanode exhibited potential application prospect in photoelectrochemical water splitting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shufang Zheng
- 1] State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 15 Beisanhuan East Road, P. Box 98, 100029, Beijing (P. R. China) [2] Beijing Engineering Center for Hierarchical Catalysts, Beijing University of Chemical Technology,15 Beisanhuan East Road, P. Box 98, 100029, Beijing (P. R. China)
| | - Jun Lu
- 1] State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 15 Beisanhuan East Road, P. Box 98, 100029, Beijing (P. R. China) [2] Beijing Engineering Center for Hierarchical Catalysts, Beijing University of Chemical Technology,15 Beisanhuan East Road, P. Box 98, 100029, Beijing (P. R. China)
| | - Dongpeng Yan
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, 19 Xinjiekou Outside Street, 100875, Beijing (P. R. China)
| | - Yumei Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 15 Beisanhuan East Road, P. Box 98, 100029, Beijing (P. R. China)
| | - Hailong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 15 Beisanhuan East Road, P. Box 98, 100029, Beijing (P. R. China)
| | - David G Evans
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 15 Beisanhuan East Road, P. Box 98, 100029, Beijing (P. R. China)
| | - Xue Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 15 Beisanhuan East Road, P. Box 98, 100029, Beijing (P. R. China)
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22
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Akita R, Kawanishi K, Hamura T. Ring Selective Generation of Isobenzofuran for Divergent Access to Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds. Org Lett 2015; 17:3094-7. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.5b01364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rie Akita
- Department of Applied Chemistry
for Environment, School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, 2-1 Gakuen, Sanda, Hyogo 669-1337, Japan
| | - Kazuki Kawanishi
- Department of Applied Chemistry
for Environment, School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, 2-1 Gakuen, Sanda, Hyogo 669-1337, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Hamura
- Department of Applied Chemistry
for Environment, School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, 2-1 Gakuen, Sanda, Hyogo 669-1337, Japan
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23
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Shu C, Moxey GJ, Barlow A, Morshedi M. Crystal structure of ({4-[(4-bromo-phen-yl)ethyn-yl]-3,5-di-ethyl-phen-yl}ethyn-yl)triiso-propyl-silane. Acta Crystallogr E Crystallogr Commun 2015; 71:o321-2. [PMID: 25995927 PMCID: PMC4420139 DOI: 10.1107/s2056989015007252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2015] [Accepted: 04/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The title compound, C29H37BrSi, was synthesized by the Sonogashira coupling of [(3,5-diethyl-4-ethynylphen-yl)ethyn-yl]triiso-propyl-silane with 4-bromo-1-iodo-benzene. In the structure, the two phenyl rings are nearly parallel to each other with a dihedral angle of 4.27 (4)°. In the crystal, π-π inter-actions between the terminal and central phenyl rings of adjacent mol-ecules link them in the a-axis direction [perpendicular distance = 3.5135 (14); centroid-centroid distance = 3.7393 (11) Å]. In addition, there are weak C-H⋯π inter-actions between the isopropyl H atoms and the phenyl rings of adjacent mol-ecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caiyun Shu
- School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, People’s Republic of China
| | - Graeme J. Moxey
- School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, People’s Republic of China
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Adam Barlow
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Mahbod Morshedi
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
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24
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Chernick ET, Casillas R, Zirzlmeier J, Gardner DM, Gruber M, Kropp H, Meyer K, Wasielewski MR, Guldi DM, Tykwinski RR. Pentacene Appended to a TEMPO Stable Free Radical: The Effect of Magnetic Exchange Coupling on Photoexcited Pentacene. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:857-63. [DOI: 10.1021/ja510958k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Erin T. Chernick
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Henkestr. 42, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Rubén Casillas
- Chair of Physical Chemistry I & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Johannes Zirzlmeier
- Chair of Physical Chemistry I & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Daniel M. Gardner
- Department
of Chemistry and Argonne-Northwestern Solar Energy Research (ANSER)
Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Marco Gruber
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Henkestr. 42, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Henning Kropp
- Department
of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Karsten Meyer
- Department
of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Michael R. Wasielewski
- Department
of Chemistry and Argonne-Northwestern Solar Energy Research (ANSER)
Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Dirk M. Guldi
- Chair of Physical Chemistry I & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Rik R. Tykwinski
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Henkestr. 42, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
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25
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Eda S, Eguchi F, Haneda H, Hamura T. A new synthetic route to substituted tetracenes and pentacenes via stereoselective [4+2] cycloadditions of 1,4-dihydro-1,4-epoxynaphthalene and isobenzofuran. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:5963-6. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cc00077g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Substituted tetracene and pentacene were efficiently prepared by stereoselective [4+2] cycloadditions of 1,4-dihydro-1,4-epoxynaphthalenes and isobenzofurans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shohei Eda
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Science and Technology
- Kwansei Gakuin University
- Sanda
- Japan
| | - Fumiaki Eguchi
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Science and Technology
- Kwansei Gakuin University
- Sanda
- Japan
| | - Hiroshi Haneda
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Science and Technology
- Kwansei Gakuin University
- Sanda
- Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Hamura
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Science and Technology
- Kwansei Gakuin University
- Sanda
- Japan
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26
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Zhang J, Smith ZC, Thomas SW. Electronic Effects of Ring Fusion and Alkyne Substitution on Acene Properties and Reactivity. J Org Chem 2014; 79:10081-93. [DOI: 10.1021/jo501696d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Zhang
- Department
of Chemistry, Tufts University, 62 Talbot Avenue, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
| | - Zachary C. Smith
- Department
of Chemistry, Tufts University, 62 Talbot Avenue, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
| | - Samuel W. Thomas
- Department
of Chemistry, Tufts University, 62 Talbot Avenue, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
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27
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Waterloo AR, Sale AC, Lehnherr D, Hampel F, Tykwinski RR. Aryl substitution of pentacenes. Beilstein J Org Chem 2014; 10:1692-705. [PMID: 25161729 PMCID: PMC4142869 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.10.178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2014] [Accepted: 06/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
A series of 11 new pentacene derivatives has been synthesized, with unsymmetrical substitution based on a trialkylsilylethynyl group at the 6-position and various aryl groups appended to the 13-position. The electronic and physical properties of the new pentacene chromophores have been analyzed by UV–vis spectroscopy (solution and thin films), thermoanalytical methods (DSC and TGA), cyclic voltammetry, as well as X-ray crystallography (for 8 derivatives). X-ray crystallography has been specifically used to study the influence of unsymmetrical substitution on the solid-state packing of the pentacene derivatives. The obtained results add to our ability to better predict substitution patterns that might be helpful for designing new semiconductors for use in solid-state devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas R Waterloo
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), University of Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Henkestrasse 42, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Anna-Chiara Sale
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), University of Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Henkestrasse 42, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Dan Lehnherr
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Frank Hampel
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), University of Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Henkestrasse 42, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Rik R Tykwinski
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), University of Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Henkestrasse 42, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
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28
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Zhang J, Pawle RH, Haas TE, Thomas SW. Combining Electronic and Steric Effects for Highly Stable Unsymmetric Pentacenes. Chemistry 2014; 20:5880-4. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201402003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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29
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Haneda H, Eda S, Aratani M, Hamura T. Dibromoisobenzofuran as a Formal Equivalent of Didehydroisobenzofuran: Reactive Platform for Expeditious Assembly of Polycycles. Org Lett 2013; 16:286-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ol4032792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Haneda
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, 2-1 Gakuen, Sanda, Hyogo 669-1337, Japan
| | - Shohei Eda
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, 2-1 Gakuen, Sanda, Hyogo 669-1337, Japan
| | - Masato Aratani
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, 2-1 Gakuen, Sanda, Hyogo 669-1337, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Hamura
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, 2-1 Gakuen, Sanda, Hyogo 669-1337, Japan
- Japan Science and Technology Agency, ACT-C, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
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30
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Combe CM, James DT, Wade J, White AJ, Kim JS, McCulloch I. Synthesis and morphology of asymmetric, alkyne-functionalised pentacene and 2-fluoroanthradithiophene. Tetrahedron Lett 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2013.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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31
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32
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Zade SS, Bendikov M. Reactivity of acenes: mechanisms and dependence on acene length. J PHYS ORG CHEM 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/poc.1941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sanjio S. Zade
- Department of Chemical Sciences; Indian Institute of Science Education and Research; Kolkata, PO: BCKV campus main office, Mohanpur; 741252; Nadia; West Bengal; India
| | - Michael Bendikov
- Department of Organic Chemistry; The Weizmann Institute of Science; 76100; Rehovot; Israel
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33
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Tönshoff C, Bettinger HF. The influence of terminal push-pull substitution on the electronic structure and optical properties of pentacenes. Chemistry 2012; 18:1789-99. [PMID: 22213393 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201101036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2011] [Revised: 09/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of 2,3-R(2)-9,10-(OMe)(2)-substituted pentacenes (R=OMe, F, Br, CN; 1-4) from 2,3-R(2)-9,10-dimethoxy-6,13-dihydro-6,13-ethanopentacene-15,16-diones (α-diketone-bridged precursors) by photochemically induced bis-decarbonylation (Strating-Zwanenburg reaction) is described. Under matrix-isolation conditions (solid Ar, 10 K) the S(1) transitions of 1 and 2 undergo hypsochromic and those of 3 and 4 bathochromic shifts compared to parent pentacene. The S(1) transition wavelengths correlate well with the difference of substituent parameters σ(p). A computational analysis of the excited states at the CAM-B3LYP/6-311+G** level of theory provides an assignment of the electronic transitions. Photolysis in solution at room temperature yields red [R=OMe (1)], blue [R=Br (3), F (2)], and green [R=CN (4)] pentacenes. The compounds are oxygen-sensitive and have low solubility, but their formation can be monitored by UV/Vis and, in the case of R=CN, also by (1)H NMR spectroscopy. The S(1) transition in 4 does not show the typical pentacene fine structure in the electronic absorption spectrum. Photogeneration in the presence of oxygen leads to a number of photoproducts that could be identified by monitoring the reaction by (1)H NMR spectroscopy for R=OMe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Tönshoff
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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34
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Zade SS, Zamoshchik N, Reddy AR, Fridman-Marueli G, Sheberla D, Bendikov M. Products and mechanism of acene dimerization. A computational study. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:10803-16. [PMID: 21710966 DOI: 10.1021/ja106594v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The high reactivity of acenes can reduce their potential applications in the field of molecular electronics. Although pentacene is an important material for use in organic field-effect transistors because of its high charge mobility, its reactivity is a major disadvantage hindering the development of pentacene applications. In this study, several reaction pathways for the thermal dimerization of acenes were considered computationally. The formation of acene dimers via a central benzene ring and the formation of acene-based polymers were found to be the preferred pathways, depending on the length of the monomer. Interestingly, starting from hexacene, acene dimers are thermodynamically disfavored products, and the reaction pathway is predicted to proceed instead via a double cycloaddition reaction (polymerization) to yield acene-based polymers. A concerted asynchronous reaction mechanism was found for benzene and naphthalene dimerization, while a stepwise biradical mechanism was predicted for the dimerization of anthracene, pentacene, and heptacene. The biradical mechanism for dimerization of anthracene and pentacene proceeds via syn or anti transition states and biradical minima through stepwise biradical pathways, while dimerization of heptacene proceeds via asynchronous ring closure of the complex formed by two heptacene molecules. The activation barriers for thermal dimerization decrease rapidly with increasing acene chain length and are calculated (at M06-2X/6-31G(d)+ZPVE) to be 77.9, 57.1, 33.3, -0.3, and -12.1 kcal/mol vs two isolated acene molecules for benzene, naphthalene, anthracene, pentacene, and heptacene, respectively. If activation energy is calculated vs the initially formed complex of two acene molecules, then the calculated barriers are 80.5, 63.2, 43.7, 16.7, and 12.3 kcal/mol. Dimerization is exothermic from anthracene onward, but it is endothermic at the terminal rings, even for heptacene. Phenyl substitution at the most reactive meso-carbon atoms of the central ring of acene blocks the reactivity of this ring but does not efficiently prevent dimerization through other rings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjio S Zade
- Department of Organic Chemistry, The Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100 Rehovot, Israel
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35
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Qu H, Cui W, Li J, Shao J, Chi C. 6,13-Dibromopentacene [2,3:9,10]-Bis(dicarboximide): A Versatile Building Block for Stable Pentacene Derivatives. Org Lett 2011; 13:924-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ol102971a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hemi Qu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543
| | - Weibin Cui
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543
| | - Jinling Li
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543
| | - Jinjun Shao
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543
| | - Chunyan Chi
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543
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36
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Kuninobu Y, Seiki T, Kanamaru S, Nishina Y, Takai K. Synthesis of Functionalized Pentacenes from Isobenzofurans Derived from C−H Bond Activation. Org Lett 2010; 12:5287-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ol102349r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoichiro Kuninobu
- Division of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Tsushima, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Takayuki Seiki
- Division of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Tsushima, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Kanamaru
- Division of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Tsushima, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Yuta Nishina
- Division of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Tsushima, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Takai
- Division of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Tsushima, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
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37
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Zhang X, Li J, Qu H, Chi C, Wu J. Fused Bispentacenequinone and Its Unexpected Michael Addition. Org Lett 2010; 12:3946-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ol101720e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojie Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543
| | - Jinling Li
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543
| | - Hemi Qu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543
| | - Chunyan Chi
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543
| | - Jishan Wu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543
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38
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Lehnherr D, Murray A, McDonald R, Tykwinski R. A Modular Synthetic Approach to Conjugated Pentacene Di-, Tri-, and Tetramers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010; 49:6190-4. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201000555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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39
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Lehnherr D, Murray A, McDonald R, Tykwinski R. A Modular Synthetic Approach to Conjugated Pentacene Di-, Tri-, and Tetramers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201000555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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40
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Qu H, Chi C. A Stable Heptacene Derivative Substituted With Electron-Deficient Trifluoromethylphenyl and Triisopropylsilylethynyl Groups. Org Lett 2010; 12:3360-3. [DOI: 10.1021/ol101158y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hemi Qu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543
| | - Chunyan Chi
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543
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Kitamura C, Naito T, Yoneda A, Kawase T, Komatsu T. Synthesis and Crystal Structures of 1,4,8,11-Tetraalkyl-6,13-diphenylpentacenes. CHEM LETT 2010. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.2010.771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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42
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Li S, Zhou L, Nakajima K, Kanno KI, Takahashi T. Synthesis of 1,2,3,4,8,9,10,11-Octasubstituted Pentacenequinone Derivatives and their Conversion into Substituted Pentacenes. Chem Asian J 2010; 5:1620-6. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.200900754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Kitamura C, Matsumoto C, Yoneda A, Kobayashi T, Naito H, Komatsu T. Synthesis, Optical Properties, and Crystal Structure of 1,4-Dipropyltetracene. European J Org Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201000112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Abstract
Functionalized pentacene derivatives continue to provide unique materials for organic semiconductor applications. Although oligomers and polymers based on pentacene building blocks remain quite rare, recent synthetic achievements have provided a number of examples with varied structural motifs. This review highlights recent work in this area and, when possible, contrasts the properties of defined-length pentacene oligomers to those of mono- and polymeric systems.
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Lehnherr D, Murray A, McDonald R, Ferguson M, Tykwinski R. Pentacene-Based Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Dyads with Cofacial Solid-State Ï-Stacking. Chemistry 2009; 15:12580-4. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.200902179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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46
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Kitamura C, Abe Y, Ohara T, Yoneda A, Kawase T, Kobayashi T, Naito H, Komatsu T. Synthesis and Crystallochromy of 1,4,7,10-Tetraalkyltetracenes: Tuning of Solid-State Optical Properties of Tetracenes by Alkyl Side-Chain Length. Chemistry 2009; 16:890-8. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.200901668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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47
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Kitamura C, Naito T, Yoneda A, Kobayashi T, Naito H, Komatsu T. Preparation, Crystal Structure, and Solid-state Fluorescence of a CH2Cl2-solvated Crystal of 6,13-Bis(t-butylphenyl)-2,3,9,10-tetrapropoxypentacene. CHEM LETT 2009. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.2009.600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Lehnherr D, Gao J, Hegmann FA, Tykwinski RR. Pentacene-Based Dendrimers: Synthesis and Thin Film Photoconductivity Measurements of Branched Pentacene Oligomers. J Org Chem 2009; 74:5017-24. [DOI: 10.1021/jo9007089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Lehnherr
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada, and Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G7, Canada
| | - Jianbo Gao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada, and Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G7, Canada
| | - Frank A. Hegmann
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada, and Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G7, Canada
| | - Rik R. Tykwinski
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada, and Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G7, Canada
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Nishida JI, Fujiwara Y, Yamashita Y. Synthesis, Crystal Structure, and Physical Properties of 7,14-Disubstituted Pentacene-5,12-diones Containing a Methylenequinoid Structure. Org Lett 2009; 11:1813-6. [DOI: 10.1021/ol9003838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun-ichi Nishida
- Department of Electronic Chemistry, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226−8502, Japan
| | - Yujiro Fujiwara
- Department of Electronic Chemistry, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226−8502, Japan
| | - Yoshiro Yamashita
- Department of Electronic Chemistry, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226−8502, Japan
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50
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Lehnherr D, McDonald R, Ferguson MJ, Tykwinski RR. Synthesis of soluble oligo- and polymeric pentacene-based materials. Tetrahedron 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2008.09.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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