1
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Bone KI, Puleo TR, Bandar JS. Direct C-H Hydroxylation of N-Heteroarenes and Benzenes via Base-Catalyzed Halogen Transfer. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:9755-9767. [PMID: 38530788 PMCID: PMC11006572 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c14058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Hydroxylated (hetero)arenes are valued in many industries as both key constituents of end products and diversifiable synthetic building blocks. Accordingly, the development of reactions that complement and address the limitations of existing methods for the introduction of aromatic hydroxyl groups is an important goal. To this end, we apply base-catalyzed halogen transfer (X-transfer) to enable the direct C-H hydroxylation of mildly acidic N-heteroarenes and benzenes. This protocol employs an alkoxide base to catalyze X-transfer from sacrificial 2-halothiophene oxidants to aryl substrates, forming SNAr-active intermediates that undergo nucleophilic hydroxylation. Key to this process is the use of 2-phenylethanol as an inexpensive hydroxide surrogate that, after aromatic substitution and rapid elimination, provides the hydroxylated arene and styrene byproduct. Use of simple 2-halothiophenes allows for C-H hydroxylation of 6-membered N-heteroarenes and 1,3-azole derivatives, while a rationally designed 2-halobenzothiophene oxidant extends the scope to electron-deficient benzene substrates. Mechanistic studies indicate that aromatic X-transfer is reversible, suggesting that the deprotonation, halogenation, and substitution steps operate in synergy, manifesting in unique selectivity trends that are not necessarily dependent on the most acidic aryl position. The utility of this method is further demonstrated through streamlined target molecule syntheses, examples of regioselectivity that contrast alternative C-H hydroxylation methods, and the scalable recycling of the thiophene oxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kendelyn I. Bone
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Thomas R. Puleo
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Jeffrey S. Bandar
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
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2
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Wang Y, Cao Z, He Q, Huang X, Liu J, Neumann H, Chen G, Beller M. Activation of perfluoroalkyl iodides by anions: extending the scope of halogen bond activation to C(sp 3)-H amidation, C(sp 2)-H iodination, and perfluoroalkylation reactions. Chem Sci 2023; 14:1732-1741. [PMID: 36819859 PMCID: PMC9930934 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc06145g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
A simple, efficient, and convenient activation of perfluoroalkyl iodides by tBuONa or KOH, without expensive photo- or transition metal catalysts, allows the promotion of versatile α-sp3 C-H amidation reactions of alkyl ethers and benzylic hydrocarbons, C-H iodination of heteroaryl compounds, and perfluoroalkylations of electron-rich π bonds. Mechanistic studies show that these novel protocols are based on the halogen bond interaction between perfluoroalkyl iodides and tBuONa or KOH, which promote homolysis of perfluoroalkyl iodides under mild conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaxin Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Nanjing 210023 China .,Leibniz-Institute for Catalysis Albert-Einstein-Str. 29a Rostock 18059 Germany
| | - Zehui Cao
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Qin He
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Xin Huang
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai UniversityTianjin 300071China
| | - Jiaxi Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Helfried Neumann
- Leibniz-Institute for Catalysis Albert-Einstein-Str. 29a Rostock 18059 Germany
| | - Gong Chen
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai UniversityTianjin 300071China
| | - Matthias Beller
- Leibniz-Institute for Catalysis Albert-Einstein-Str. 29a Rostock 18059 Germany
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3
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Cao J, Ma Y, Hu L, Xia W, Zhang X, Xiong Y. Polyhalogenation-Facilitated Spirolactonization at the meta-Position of Phenols. J Org Chem 2023; 88:1075-1084. [PMID: 36598128 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c02527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
A novel dearomative spirolactonization/polyhalogenation of phenols that employs hypervalent iodine PhICl2 (iodobenzene dichloride) as both an oxidant and chlorine source with an indispensable base, or only using NBS (N-bromosuccinimide) without any additives, is presented. Halide participations are a vital factor in the cascade reaction of 3'-hydroxy-[1,1'-biphenyl]-2-carboxylic acids with good selectivities and reactivities and induced the rapid constructions of multiple C-halogen bonds and directional C═O bonds in a one-step operation under mild conditions. In gaining a good understanding of the mechanism, the increase in number of bromine atoms was inferred rationally from the spirolactonization process, assisted by DFT calculations and high-resolution mass spectrometry. Mechanistic experiments suggest that the formation of a stable carbocation intermediate plays a great role in the migration of oxygen to spirolactonization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Cao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Chongqing Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Youcai Ma
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Chongqing Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Liangzhen Hu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Chongqing Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Wen Xia
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Chongqing Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Xiaohui Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Chongqing Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Yan Xiong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Chongqing Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China.,State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.,School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, and Collaborative Innovation Center for High Value Transformation of Coal Chemical Process By-products, Xinjiang Institute of Engineering, Xinjiang 830091, China
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4
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Lieu T, Daugulis O. Copper Iodide-Mediated Synthesis of α-Diimine Ligands from Bis(imidoyl chlorides) and Arylstannanes. Organometallics 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.2c00264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thien Lieu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-5003, United States
| | - Olafs Daugulis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-5003, United States
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5
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Dong J, Hu J, Liu X, Sun S, Bao L, Jia M, Xu X. Ionic Reactivity of 2-Isocyanoaryl Thioethers: Access to 2-Halo and 2-Aminobenzothia/Selenazoles. J Org Chem 2022; 87:2845-2852. [PMID: 35133836 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c02747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
An ionic cascade insertion/cyclization reaction of thia-/selena-functionalized arylisocyanides has been successfully developed for the efficient and practical synthesis of 2-halobenzothiazole/benzoselenazole derivatives. This synthetic protocol, incorporating a halogen atom when forming the five-membered ring of benzothia/selenazoles, is different from the existing ones, where halogenation of the preformed benzothia/selenazole precursors happens. Additionally, a facile access to 2-aminobenzothiazoles is also achieved by the one-pot cascade reaction of 2-isocyanoaryl thioethers, iodine, and amines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhuan Dong
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Institute of Molecular and Nano Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Junlin Hu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Institute of Molecular and Nano Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Xiaoli Liu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Institute of Molecular and Nano Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Shaoguang Sun
- Medical College of Panzhihua University, Panzhihua, Sichuan 617000, China
| | - Lan Bao
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Institute of Molecular and Nano Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Mengying Jia
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Institute of Molecular and Nano Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Xianxiu Xu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Institute of Molecular and Nano Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
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6
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Puleo TR, Klaus DR, Bandar JS. Nucleophilic C-H Etherification of Heteroarenes Enabled by Base-Catalyzed Halogen Transfer. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:12480-12486. [PMID: 34347457 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c06481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
We report a general protocol for the direct C-H etherification of N-heteroarenes. Potassium tert-butoxide catalyzes halogen transfer from 2-halothiophenes to N-heteroarenes to form N-heteroaryl halide intermediates that undergo tandem base-promoted alcohol substitution. Thus, the simple inclusion of inexpensive 2-halothiophenes enables regioselective oxidative coupling of alcohols with 1,3-azoles, pyridines, diazines, and polyazines under basic reaction conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas R Puleo
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Danielle R Klaus
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Jeffrey S Bandar
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
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7
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Liu F, Wu N, Cheng X. Chlorination Reaction of Aromatic Compounds and Unsaturated Carbon-Carbon Bonds with Chlorine on Demand. Org Lett 2021; 23:3015-3020. [PMID: 33792338 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c00704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Chlorination with chlorine is straightforward, highly reactive, and versatile, but it has significant limitations. In this Letter, we introduce a protocol that could combine the efficiency of electrochemical transformation and the high reactivity of chlorine. By utilizing Cl3CCN as the chloride source, donating up to all three chloride atom, the reaction could generate and consume the chlorine in situ on demand to achieve the chlorination of aromatic compounds and electrodeficient alkenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Liu
- Institute of Chemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Na Wu
- Institute of Chemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xu Cheng
- Institute of Chemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.,State Key Laboratory of Elemento-organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
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8
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Shapiro NM, Bosch E, Unruh DK, Krueger HR, Groeneman RH. Iodoperchlorobenzene acts as a dual halogen-bond donor to template a [2 + 2] cycloaddition reaction within an organic co-crystal. CrystEngComm 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1ce01194d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The formation of three isostructural co-crystals that utilize iodoperchlorobenzene as a dual halogen-bond donor is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole M. Shapiro
- Department of Biological Sciences, Webster University, St. Louis, MO 63119, USA
| | - Eric Bosch
- Department of Chemistry, Missouri State University, Springfield, MO 65897, USA
| | - Daniel K. Unruh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, 79409, USA
| | - Herman R. Krueger
- Department of Biological Sciences, Webster University, St. Louis, MO 63119, USA
| | - Ryan H. Groeneman
- Department of Biological Sciences, Webster University, St. Louis, MO 63119, USA
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9
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Song S, Li X, Wei J, Wang W, Zhang Y, Ai L, Zhu Y, Shi X, Zhang X, Jiao N. DMSO-catalysed late-stage chlorination of (hetero)arenes. Nat Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1038/s41929-019-0398-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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10
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Majeed MH, Shayesteh P, Tunå P, Persson AR, Gritcenko R, Wallenberg LR, Ye L, Hulteberg C, Schnadt J, Wendt OF. Directed C-H Halogenation Reactions Catalysed by Pd II Supported on Polymers under Batch and Continuous Flow Conditions. Chemistry 2019; 25:13591-13597. [PMID: 31418957 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201902949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A new generation of N-heterocyclic carbene palladium(II) complexes containing vinyl groups in different positions in the backbone of the N-heterocycle have been developed. The fully characterised monomers were copolymerised with divinylbenzene to fabricate robust polymer supported NHC-PdII complexes and these polymers were applied as heterogeneous catalysts in directed C-H halogenation of arenes with a pyridine-type directing group. The catalysts demonstrated medium-high catalytic activity with up to 90 % conversion and 100 % selectivity in chlorination. They are heterogeneous and recyclable (at least six times) with no significant leaching of palladium in batch mode catalysis. The best catalyst was also applied under continuous flow conditions where it disclosed an exceptional activity (90 % conversion) and 100 % selectivity for the mono-halogenated product for at least six days, with no leaching of palladium, no loss of activity and an ability to maintain the original oxidation state of PdII .
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Affiliation(s)
- Maitham H Majeed
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Box 124, 221 00, Lund, Sweden
| | - Payam Shayesteh
- Division of Synchrotron Radiation Research, Department of Physics, Lund University, Box 118, 221 00, Lund, Sweden
| | - Per Tunå
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Lund University, Box 124, 221 00, Lund, Sweden
| | - Axel R Persson
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Box 124, 221 00, Lund, Sweden.,National Centre for High Resolution Electron Microscopy (nCHREM), Lund University, Box 124, 221 00, Lund, Sweden
| | - Roman Gritcenko
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Box 124, 221 00, Lund, Sweden
| | - L Reine Wallenberg
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Box 124, 221 00, Lund, Sweden.,National Centre for High Resolution Electron Microscopy (nCHREM), Lund University, Box 124, 221 00, Lund, Sweden
| | - Lei Ye
- Centre for Applied Life Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Box 124, 221 00, Lund, Sweden
| | - Christian Hulteberg
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Lund University, Box 124, 221 00, Lund, Sweden
| | - Joachim Schnadt
- Division of Synchrotron Radiation Research, Department of Physics, Lund University, Box 118, 221 00, Lund, Sweden
| | - Ola F Wendt
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Box 124, 221 00, Lund, Sweden
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11
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Solomin VV, Radchenko DS, Slobodyanyuk EY, Geraschenko OV, Vashchenko BV, Grygorenko OO. Widely Exploited, Yet Unreported: Regiocontrolled Synthesis and the Suzuki-Miyaura Reactions of Bromooxazole Building Blocks. European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201900032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Vitalii V. Solomin
- Enamine Ltd. (www.enamine.net), Chervonotkatska Street 78, Kyiv 02094, Ukraine, Chervonotkatska Street 78, Kyiv; 02094 Ukraine
| | - Dmytro S. Radchenko
- Enamine Ltd. (www.enamine.net), Chervonotkatska Street 78, Kyiv 02094, Ukraine, Chervonotkatska Street 78, Kyiv; 02094 Ukraine
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv; Ukraine
| | - Evgeniy Y. Slobodyanyuk
- Enamine Ltd. (www.enamine.net), Chervonotkatska Street 78, Kyiv 02094, Ukraine, Chervonotkatska Street 78, Kyiv; 02094 Ukraine
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Murmanska Street 5, Kyiv 02660; Ukraine
| | - Oleksandr V. Geraschenko
- Enamine Ltd. (www.enamine.net), Chervonotkatska Street 78, Kyiv 02094, Ukraine, Chervonotkatska Street 78, Kyiv; 02094 Ukraine
| | - Bohdan V. Vashchenko
- Enamine Ltd. (www.enamine.net), Chervonotkatska Street 78, Kyiv 02094, Ukraine, Chervonotkatska Street 78, Kyiv; 02094 Ukraine
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv; Ukraine
| | - Oleksandr O. Grygorenko
- Enamine Ltd. (www.enamine.net), Chervonotkatska Street 78, Kyiv 02094, Ukraine, Chervonotkatska Street 78, Kyiv; 02094 Ukraine
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv; Ukraine
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12
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Liu X, Zhao X, Liang F, Ren B. t-BuONa-mediated direct C-H halogenation of electron-deficient (hetero)arenes. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 16:886-890. [PMID: 29340407 DOI: 10.1039/c7ob03081a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
An efficient halogenation of electron-deficient (hetero)arenes is described. The reaction utilizes common t-BuONa as a catalyst (for iodination) or a promoter (for bromination and chlorination), and perfluorobutyl iodide, CBr4 or CCl4 as the readily-available halogenating agents, respectively. The protocol features broad scope, high efficiency, mild conditions and gram scalability. An ionic pathway involving halogen bond formation and halophilic attack is proposed. The utility of the resulting iodinated heteroarenes is demonstrated in visible light-mediated Caryl-Caryl cross-coupling reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Liu
- College of Chemistry, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, China.
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13
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Nozawa-Kumada K, Osawa S, Sasaki M, Chataigner I, Shigeno M, Kondo Y. Deprotonative Silylation of Aromatic C-H Bonds Mediated by a Combination of Trifluoromethyltrialkylsilane and Fluoride. J Org Chem 2017; 82:9487-9496. [PMID: 28809110 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b01525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A method for the deprotonative silylation of aromatic C-H bonds has been developed using trifluoromethyltrimethylsilane (CF3SiMe3, Ruppert-Prakash reagent) and a catalytic amount of fluoride. In this reaction, CF3SiMe3 is considered to act as a base and a silicon electrophile. This process is highly tolerant to various functional groups on heteroarenes and benzenes. Furthermore, this method can be applied to the synthesis of trimethylsilyl group-containing analogs of TAC-101, which is a bioactive synthetic retinoid with selective affinity for retinoic acid receptor α (RAR-α) binding. We also report further transformations of the silylated products into useful derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanako Nozawa-Kumada
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University , 6-3, Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Sayuri Osawa
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University , 6-3, Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Midori Sasaki
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University , 6-3, Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Isabelle Chataigner
- Normandie Univ , UNIROUEN, COBRA, INSA Rouen, CNRS, COBRA, 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Masanori Shigeno
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University , 6-3, Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Kondo
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University , 6-3, Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
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14
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Perry GJP, Quibell JM, Panigrahi A, Larrosa I. Transition-Metal-Free Decarboxylative Iodination: New Routes for Decarboxylative Oxidative Cross-Couplings. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:11527-11536. [PMID: 28735532 PMCID: PMC5662929 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b05155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
![]()
Constructing products of high synthetic
value from inexpensive and abundant starting materials is of great
importance. Aryl iodides are essential building blocks for the synthesis
of functional molecules, and efficient methods for their synthesis
from chemical feedstocks are highly sought after. Here we report a
low-cost decarboxylative iodination that occurs simply
from readily available benzoic acids and I2. The reaction
is scalable and the scope and robustness of the reaction is thoroughly
examined. Mechanistic studies suggest that this reaction does not
proceed via a radical mechanism, which is in contrast to classical
Hunsdiecker-type decarboxylative halogenations. In addition,
DFT studies allow comparisons to be made between our procedure and
current transition-metal-catalyzed decarboxylations. The utility
of this procedure is demonstrated in its application to oxidative
cross-couplings of aromatics via decarboxylative/C–H
or double decarboxylative activations that use I2 as the terminal oxidant. This strategy allows the preparation of
biaryls previously inaccessible via decarboxylative methods
and holds other advantages over existing decarboxylative oxidative
couplings, as stoichiometric transition metals are avoided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory J P Perry
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester , Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Jacob M Quibell
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester , Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Adyasha Panigrahi
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester , Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Igor Larrosa
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester , Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
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15
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Lahyani A, Trabelsi M. Ultrasonic-assisted synthesis of flavones by oxidative cyclization of 2'-hydroxychalcones using iodine monochloride. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2016; 31:626-630. [PMID: 26964989 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2016.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Revised: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents an efficient methodology for the synthesis of flavones via the oxidative cyclization of 2'-hydroxychalcones in the presence of iodine monochloride with DMSO under ultrasound irradiation. Ultrasonic irradiation enhances the cyclization reaction and leads to reduced reaction time at lower reaction temperatures while generating flavones with high yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Achraf Lahyani
- Laboratory of Natural Substances, Faculty of Sciences, University of Sfax, Route de Soukra km 3.5, 3038 Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Mahmoud Trabelsi
- Laboratory of Natural Substances, Faculty of Sciences, University of Sfax, Route de Soukra km 3.5, 3038 Sfax, Tunisia.
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16
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Zhang G, Yi H, Xin J, Deng Y, Bai R, Huang Z, Miller JT, Kropf AJ, Bunel EE, Qi X, Lan Y, Lei A. Aromatic C–H bond cleavage by using a Cu(i) ate-complex. Org Chem Front 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6qo00201c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Ate-complex [Cu(OtBu)2]Na was found to be able to cleave C–H bond of benzothiazole (ArH) producing [ArCuI(OtBu)]Na with a rate constant of 3.2 × 10−2 mol−1 L s−1 at −50 °C and with an activation enthalpy of 0.73 kcal mol−1 at room temperature.
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17
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Song L, Luo S, Cheng JP. Visible-light promoted intermolecular halofunctionalization of alkenes with N-halogen saccharins. Org Chem Front 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5qo00432b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A simple and efficient visible-light promoted intermolecular haloamination and haloetherification of alkenes was reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Song
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS)
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
| | - Sanzhong Luo
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS)
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
| | - Jin-Pei Cheng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS)
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
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18
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Lee E, Ryu T, Shin E, Son JY, Choi W, Lee PH. Synthesis of 2-Bromoimidazoles from Alkynes, N-Sulfonylazides, and Bromocyanides. Org Lett 2015; 17:2470-3. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.5b00977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eunsook Lee
- National Creative Research
Initiative Center for Catalytic Organic Reactions, Department of Chemistry, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Taekyu Ryu
- National Creative Research
Initiative Center for Catalytic Organic Reactions, Department of Chemistry, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunji Shin
- National Creative Research
Initiative Center for Catalytic Organic Reactions, Department of Chemistry, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Yu Son
- National Creative Research
Initiative Center for Catalytic Organic Reactions, Department of Chemistry, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonseok Choi
- National Creative Research
Initiative Center for Catalytic Organic Reactions, Department of Chemistry, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Phil Ho Lee
- National Creative Research
Initiative Center for Catalytic Organic Reactions, Department of Chemistry, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, Republic of Korea
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19
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Sasaki M, Kondo Y. Deprotonative C-H silylation of functionalized arenes and heteroarenes using trifluoromethyltrialkylsilane with fluoride. Org Lett 2015; 17:848-51. [PMID: 25635510 DOI: 10.1021/ol503671b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
A highly selective C-H silylation reaction of functionalized arenes and heteroarenes was developed using Ruppert-Prakash reagent (TMSCF3) activated by alkali metal fluoride. TMSCF3 is considered to play dual roles as a precursor of a mild base and also as a silicon electrophile. The silylation is compatible with sensitive functional groups such as halogen and nitro groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Midori Sasaki
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University , Aramaki Aza Aoba 6-3, Sendai 980-8578 Japan
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20
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Zhao X, Ding F, Li J, Lu K, Lu X, Wang B, Yu P. Direct C–H iodination of 1,3-azoles catalysed by CuBr 2. Tetrahedron Lett 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2014.12.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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21
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Meng X, Yu C, Chen G, Zhao P. Heterogeneous biomimetic aerobic synthesis of 3-iodoimidazo[1,2-a]pyridines via CuOx/OMS-2-catalyzed tandem cyclization/iodination and their late-stage functionalization. Catal Sci Technol 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cy00919c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Heterogeneous catalysis performs well in biomimetic oxidation to generate a low-energy pathway for the synthesis of 3-iodoimidazo[1,2-a]pyridines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Meng
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation
- Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Lanzhou 730000
- PR China
| | - Chaoying Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation
- Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Lanzhou 730000
- PR China
| | - Gexin Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation
- Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Lanzhou 730000
- PR China
| | - Peiqing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation
- Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Lanzhou 730000
- PR China
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22
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NaBH4-TMEDA and a palladium catalyst as efficient regio- and chemoselective system for the hydrodehalogenation of halogenated heterocycles. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcata.2014.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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23
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Use of tetramethylammonium fluoride (TMAF) and alkali metal alkoxides as an activator for catalytic deprotonative functionalization of heteroaromatic C(sp2)–H bonds. Tetrahedron 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2014.08.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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24
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Bloom S, Pitts CR, Woltornist R, Griswold A, Holl MG, Lectka T. Iron(II)-catalyzed benzylic fluorination. Org Lett 2013; 15:1722-4. [PMID: 23527764 DOI: 10.1021/ol400424s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Direct C-F functionalization of benzylic sp(3) C-H bonds is a synthetic challenge that has yet to be propitiously overcome. A mild, one-pot synthesis of monofluorinated benzylic substrates is reported with commercially available iron(II) acetylacetonate and Selectfluor in good to excellent yields and selectivity. A convenient route to β-fluorinated products of 3-aryl ketones is also highlighted, providing a synthetic equivalent to the difficult to accomplish conjugate addition of fluoride to α,β-unsaturated ketones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Bloom
- Depatment of Chemistry, New Chemistry Building, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
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25
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Lu L, Yan H, Sun P, Zhu Y, Yang H, Liu D, Rong G, Mao J. Synthesis of Internal Alkynes through the Pd-Catalyzed Coupling of Heteroaryl Halides with Terminal Alkynes. European J Org Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201201689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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26
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Xie Z, Zhu X, Guan Y, Zhu D, Hu H, Lin C, Pan Y, Jiang J, Wang L. Cu-catalyzed direct C–H bond functionalization: a regioselective protocol to 5-aryl thiazolo[3,2-b]-1,2,4-triazoles. Org Biomol Chem 2013; 11:1390-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ob27326h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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27
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Chelucci G, Baldino S, Ruiu A. Room-Temperature Hydrodehalogenation of Halogenated Heteropentalenes with One or Two Heteroatoms. J Org Chem 2012; 77:9921-5. [DOI: 10.1021/jo3019335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Chelucci
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Università di Sassari, Viale Italia 39, I-07100 Sassari, Italy.
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28
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Lang R, Shi L, Li D, Xia C, Li F. A general method for palladium-catalyzed direct carbonylation of indole with alcohol and phenol. Org Lett 2012; 14:4130-3. [PMID: 22839509 DOI: 10.1021/ol3017726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A novel strategy involving a first oxidative iodination and subsequent Pd(0)-catalyzed carbonylation to yield indole-3-carboxylate has been developed. It showed perfect generality to indole, alcohol, and phenol. The current methodology could also be conveniently applied to the synthesis of biologically active tropisetron from simple indole and tropine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Lang
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
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29
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Xing Q, Shi L, Lang R, Xia C, Li F. Palladium-catalyzed mono- and double-carbonylation of indoles with amines controllably leading to amides and α-ketoamides. Chem Commun (Camb) 2012; 48:11023-5. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cc36341k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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30
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Inamoto K, Okawa H, Taneda H, Sato M, Hirono Y, Yonemoto M, Kikkawa S, Kondo Y. Organocatalytic deprotonative functionalization of C(sp2)–H and C(sp3)–H bonds using in situ generated onium amide bases. Chem Commun (Camb) 2012; 48:9771-3. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cc35701a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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31
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32
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Huang G, Sun H, Qiu X, Jin C, Lin C, Shen Y, Jiang J, Wang L. Ligand-Free Copper-Catalyzed Regioselective C-2 Arylation of Imidazo[2,1-b]thiazoles. Org Lett 2011; 13:5224-7. [PMID: 21913681 DOI: 10.1021/ol2021109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guoli Huang
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE, Institute of Chemical Biology and Drug Innovation, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China, and College of Material Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China
| | - Hongsheng Sun
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE, Institute of Chemical Biology and Drug Innovation, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China, and College of Material Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China
| | - Xiaojie Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE, Institute of Chemical Biology and Drug Innovation, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China, and College of Material Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China
| | - Can Jin
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE, Institute of Chemical Biology and Drug Innovation, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China, and College of Material Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China
| | - Chen Lin
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE, Institute of Chemical Biology and Drug Innovation, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China, and College of Material Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China
| | - Yingzhong Shen
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE, Institute of Chemical Biology and Drug Innovation, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China, and College of Material Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China
| | - Juli Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE, Institute of Chemical Biology and Drug Innovation, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China, and College of Material Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China
| | - Leyong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE, Institute of Chemical Biology and Drug Innovation, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China, and College of Material Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China
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33
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Abstract
A general method for a highly regioselective copper-catalyzed cross-coupling of two aromatic compounds using iodine as an oxidant has been developed. The reactions involve an initial iodination of one arene followed by arylation of the most acidic C-H bond of the other coupling component. Cross-coupling of electron-rich arenes, electron-poor arenes, and five- and six-membered heterocycles is possible in many combinations. Typically, a 1/1.5 to 1/3 ratio of coupling components is used, in contrast to existing methodology that often employs a large excess of one of the arenes. Common functionalities such as ester, ketone, aldehyde, ether, nitrile, nitro, and amine are well-tolerated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hien-Quang Do
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204-5003
| | - Olafs Daugulis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204-5003
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34
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Guilarte V, Castroviejo MP, García-García P, Fernández-Rodríguez MA, Sanz R. Approaches to the Synthesis of 2,3-Dihaloanilines. Useful Precursors of 4-Functionalized-1H-indoles. J Org Chem 2011; 76:3416-37. [DOI: 10.1021/jo200406f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Verónica Guilarte
- Departamento de Química, Área de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Burgos, Pza. Misael Bañuelos s/n, 09001-Burgos, Spain
| | - M. Pilar Castroviejo
- Departamento de Química, Área de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Burgos, Pza. Misael Bañuelos s/n, 09001-Burgos, Spain
| | - Patricia García-García
- Departamento de Química, Área de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Burgos, Pza. Misael Bañuelos s/n, 09001-Burgos, Spain
| | - Manuel A. Fernández-Rodríguez
- Departamento de Química, Área de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Burgos, Pza. Misael Bañuelos s/n, 09001-Burgos, Spain
| | - Roberto Sanz
- Departamento de Química, Área de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Burgos, Pza. Misael Bañuelos s/n, 09001-Burgos, Spain
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35
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Popov I, Do HQ, Daugulis O. In situ generation and trapping of aryllithium and arylpotassium species by halogen, sulfur, and carbon electrophiles. J Org Chem 2010; 74:8309-13. [PMID: 19827765 DOI: 10.1021/jo9015369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A general method has been developed for in situ trapping of arylmetal intermediates by halogen, sulfur, ketone, and aldehyde electrophiles affording the functionalization of the most acidic position in arene. Pentafluorobenzene, benzothiazole, and benzoxazole can be functionalized by using K(3)PO(4) base. For less acidic arenes, tBuOLi base is required. Arenes with DMSO pK(a) values of 35 or less are reactive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilya Popov
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, USA
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36
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Hirono Y, Kobayashi K, Yonemoto M, Kondo Y. Metal-free deprotonative functionalization of heteroaromatics using organic superbase catalyst. Chem Commun (Camb) 2010; 46:7623-4. [DOI: 10.1039/c0cc03106b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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37
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Matsuyama N, Hirano K, Satoh T, Miura M. Nickel-Catalyzed Direct Alkynylation of Azoles with Alkynyl Bromides. Org Lett 2009; 11:4156-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ol901684h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Naoto Matsuyama
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Koji Hirano
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Satoh
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Masahiro Miura
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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38
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Hachiya H, Hirano K, Satoh T, Miura M. Nickel-catalyzed direct arylation of azoles with aryl bromides. Org Lett 2009; 11:1737-40. [PMID: 19301925 DOI: 10.1021/ol900159a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Nickel catalyst systems for the direct C2 arylation of oxazoles and thiazoles have been developed. The catalyst systems are cost-efficient and allow the use of various aryl bromides in the C-H arylation of azoles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitoshi Hachiya
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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