Glycosylated PROLI/NO derivatives as nitric oxide prodrugs

Targeted delivery of Nitric Oxide triggered by α-Glucosidase to Ameliorate NSAIDs-induced Enteropathy

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) increase risks of severe small intestinal injuries. Development of effective therapeutic strategies to overcome this issue remains challenging. Nitric oxide (NO) as a gaseous mediator plays a protective role in small intestinal injuries. However, small intestine-specific delivery systems for NO have not been reported yet. In this study, we reported a small intestine-targeted polymeric NO donor (CS-NO) which was synthesized by covalent grafting of α-glucosidase-activated NO donor onto chitosan. In vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrated that CS-NO could be activated by intestinal α-glucosidase to release NO in the small intestine. Pre-treatment of mice with CS-NO significantly alleviated small intestinal damage induced by indomethacin, as demonstrated by down-regulation of the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines CXCL1/KC. Moreover, CS-NO also attenuated indomethacin-induced gut barrier dysfunction as evidenced by up-regulation of the levels of tight junction proteins and restoration of the levels of goblet cells and MUC2 production. Meanwhile, CS-NO effectively restored the defense function of Paneth cells against pathogens in small intestine. Our present study paves the way to develop NO-based therapeutic strategy for NSAIDs-induced small intestinal injuries.

Discovery of phosphorodiamidate mustard-based O2-phosphorylated diazeniumdiolates with potent anticancer activity

Diazeniumdiolates are an important class of NO donors. Herein, we describe the design, synthesis and biological evaluation of a group of phosphorodiamidate mustard-based O²-phosphorylated diazeniumdiolates.

Enzyme-controllable delivery of nitric oxide from a molecular hydrogel

A β-galactosidase-responsive molecular hydrogelator of a nitric oxide (NO) donor can release NO in a controllable manner to improve wound healing.

"Click" reaction in conjunction with diazeniumdiolate chemistry: developing high-load nitric oxide donors

The use of Cu(I)-catalyzed "click" reactions of alkyne-substituted diazeniumdiolate prodrugs with bis- and tetrakis-azido compounds is described. The "click" reaction for the bis-azide using CuSO(4)/Na-ascorbate predominantly gave the expected bis-triazole. However, CuI/diisopropylethylamine predominantly gave uncommon triazolo-triazole products as a result of oxidative coupling. Neither set of "click" conditions showed evidence of compromising the integrity of the diazeniumdiolate groups. The chemistry developed has applications in the synthesis of polyvalent and dendritic nitric oxide donors.

Nitrogen-bound diazeniumdiolated amidines

In contrast to amidines bearing ionizable alpha-CH bonds, which react with nitric oxide (NO) to add diazeniumdiolate groups at their alpha-carbons, benzamidine forms an N-bound diazeniumdiolate that can be further derivatized at the other amidine nitrogen and/or the terminal oxygen to form caged NO compounds as potential NO prodrugs.