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Gao XD, Du XZ, Shi YP. A Bisboronic Acid Sensor for Ultra-High Selective Glucose Assay by 19F NMR Spectroscopy. Anal Chem 2021; 93:7220-7225. [PMID: 33939406 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c00262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Glucose is a significant analyte both in biology and biomedical science, it is of great importance to selectively detect glucose both in body fluids and complex mixture. In this study, a simple 19F NMR based sensor was synthesized easily, which exhibited a high selectivity and robust anti-interference ability toward glucose detection both in a mixture containing up to 10 saccharides and human urine samples without any pretreatment. Combined with this sensor system, glucose could be well detected in human urine samples and the limit of detection was 0.41 mM by using a 400 MHz NMR spectrometer with 128 scans (ca. 4 min). This method had a potential for specific detection of glucose in complex mixture and diagnosis of diabetes mellitus related diseases in body fluid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu-Dong Gao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, People's Republic of China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin-Zhen Du
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Ping Shi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
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2
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Sun
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Tony D. James
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
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3
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Draganov A, Wang D, Wang B. The Future of Boron in Medicinal Chemistry: Therapeutic and Diagnostic Applications. TOPICS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/7355_2014_65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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4
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5
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Bouthenet E, Oh KB, Park S, Nagi NK, Lee HS, Matthews SE. Synthesis and antimicrobial activity of brominated resorcinol dimers. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2011; 21:7142-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.09.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2011] [Revised: 09/18/2011] [Accepted: 09/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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6
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Amaike M, Kobayashi H, Sakurai K, Shinkai S. Novel Attempts to Change the Colour of Dye Molecules Utilizing the Aggregation Mode of Saccharides. Supramol Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/10610270290026158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masato Amaike
- a Chemotransfiguration Project , Japan Science and Technology Corporation (JST) , 2432 Aikawa, Kurume, Fukuoka , 839-0861 , Japan
| | - Hideki Kobayashi
- a Chemotransfiguration Project , Japan Science and Technology Corporation (JST) , 2432 Aikawa, Kurume, Fukuoka , 839-0861 , Japan
| | - Kazuo Sakurai
- a Chemotransfiguration Project , Japan Science and Technology Corporation (JST) , 2432 Aikawa, Kurume, Fukuoka , 839-0861 , Japan
| | - Seiji Shinkai
- a Chemotransfiguration Project , Japan Science and Technology Corporation (JST) , 2432 Aikawa, Kurume, Fukuoka , 839-0861 , Japan
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7
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Lee JD, Kim YH, Hong JI. Carbohydrate Recognition through H-Bonding and CH−π Interactions by Porphyrin-Based Receptors. J Org Chem 2010; 75:7588-95. [DOI: 10.1021/jo101384u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Deog Lee
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-747, Korea
| | - Yeon-Hwan Kim
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-747, Korea
| | - Jong-In Hong
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-747, Korea
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8
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RICHARD GERALDI, MARWANI HADIM, JIANG SHAN, FAKAYODE SAYOO, LOWRY MARK, STRONGIN ROBERTM, WARNER ISIAHM. Chiral recognition of amino acids by use of a fluorescent resorcinarene. APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY 2008; 62:476-80. [PMID: 18498687 PMCID: PMC2662756 DOI: 10.1366/000370208784344514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The spectroscopic properties of a chiral boronic acid based resorcinarene macrocycle employed for chiral analysis were investigated. Specifically, the emission and excitation characteristics of tetraarylboronate resorcinarene macrocycle (TBRM) and its quantum yield were evaluated. The chiral selector TBRM was investigated as a chiral reagent for the enantiomeric discrimination of amino acids using steady-state fluorescence spectroscopy. Chiral recognition of amino acids in the presence of the macrocycle was based on diastereomeric complexes. Results demonstrated that TBRM had better chiral discrimination ability for lysine as compared to the other amino acids. Partial least squares regression modeling (PLS-1) of spectral data for macrocycle-lysine guest-host complexes was used to correlate the changes in the fluorescence emission for a set of calibration samples consisting of TBRM in the presence of varying enantiomeric compositions of lysine. In addition, validation studies were performed using an independently prepared set of samples with different enantiomeric compositions of lysine. The results of multivariate regression modeling indicated good prediction ability of lysine, which was confirmed by a root mean square percent relative error (RMS%RE) of 5.8%.
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Affiliation(s)
- GERALD I. RICHARD
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803 (G.I.R., H.M.M., S.J., M.L., I.M.W.); Department of Chemistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia 21589 (H.M.M.); Department of Chemistry, Winston-Salem State University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27110 (S.O.F.); and Department of Chemistry, Portland State University, Portland, Oregon 97207 (R.M.S.)
| | - HADI M. MARWANI
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803 (G.I.R., H.M.M., S.J., M.L., I.M.W.); Department of Chemistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia 21589 (H.M.M.); Department of Chemistry, Winston-Salem State University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27110 (S.O.F.); and Department of Chemistry, Portland State University, Portland, Oregon 97207 (R.M.S.)
| | - SHAN JIANG
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803 (G.I.R., H.M.M., S.J., M.L., I.M.W.); Department of Chemistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia 21589 (H.M.M.); Department of Chemistry, Winston-Salem State University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27110 (S.O.F.); and Department of Chemistry, Portland State University, Portland, Oregon 97207 (R.M.S.)
| | - SAYO O. FAKAYODE
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803 (G.I.R., H.M.M., S.J., M.L., I.M.W.); Department of Chemistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia 21589 (H.M.M.); Department of Chemistry, Winston-Salem State University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27110 (S.O.F.); and Department of Chemistry, Portland State University, Portland, Oregon 97207 (R.M.S.)
| | - MARK LOWRY
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803 (G.I.R., H.M.M., S.J., M.L., I.M.W.); Department of Chemistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia 21589 (H.M.M.); Department of Chemistry, Winston-Salem State University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27110 (S.O.F.); and Department of Chemistry, Portland State University, Portland, Oregon 97207 (R.M.S.)
| | - ROBERT M. STRONGIN
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803 (G.I.R., H.M.M., S.J., M.L., I.M.W.); Department of Chemistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia 21589 (H.M.M.); Department of Chemistry, Winston-Salem State University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27110 (S.O.F.); and Department of Chemistry, Portland State University, Portland, Oregon 97207 (R.M.S.)
| | - ISIAH M. WARNER
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803 (G.I.R., H.M.M., S.J., M.L., I.M.W.); Department of Chemistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia 21589 (H.M.M.); Department of Chemistry, Winston-Salem State University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27110 (S.O.F.); and Department of Chemistry, Portland State University, Portland, Oregon 97207 (R.M.S.)
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9
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Yan J, Fang H, Wang B. Boronolectins and fluorescent boronolectins: an examination of the detailed chemistry issues important for the design. Med Res Rev 2006; 25:490-520. [PMID: 16025498 DOI: 10.1002/med.20038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Glycans in the form of glycoproteins or glycolipids play very critical roles in various biological and pathological processes including inflammation, cancer metastasis, immune reactions, embryo development, cell-cell communications and adhesions, blood generation, etc. Proteins (lectins) that can recognize carbohydrates have played very important roles in studying glycobiology. Small molecule mimics of lectins will be very useful in the development of new therapeutics and diagnostics. Along this line, boronic acids have been widely used in the design and synthesis of small organic compounds that mimic the function of lectins. This review examines in detail the factors that are important for the design of boronic acid-based lectin mimics, boronolectins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yan
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Biotechnology and Drug Design, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30302-4089, USA
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10
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G�mez-Ben�tez V, Toscano RA, Morales-Morales D. Quasi-Complete Solvation of C-Phenylcalix[4]resorcinarene in the Crystalline State. Single Crystal X-ray Diffraction Study. J INCL PHENOM MACRO 2004. [DOI: 10.1007/s10847-004-6103-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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11
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Abstract
Homocysteine (Hcy) is a biomarker for significant disorders including Alzheimer's and cardiovascular disease. The monitoring of Hcy levels in plasma is of current concern. We describe highly selective colorimetric methods for the direct detection of Hcy. Inexpensive, commercially available materials are employed. The results show potential application for the detection of Hcy in human blood plasma.
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12
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Coskun A, Akkaya EU. Difluorobora-s-diazaindacene dyes as highly selective dosimetric reagents for fluoride anions. Tetrahedron Lett 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2004.04.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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13
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Rusin O, St. Luce NN, Agbaria RA, Escobedo JO, Jiang S, Warner IM, Dawan FB, Lian K, Strongin RM. Visual detection of cysteine and homocysteine. J Am Chem Soc 2004; 126:438-9. [PMID: 14719920 PMCID: PMC3376414 DOI: 10.1021/ja036297t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 457] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The determination of cysteine and homocysteine levels is of great current interest for the monitoring of desease states. A new colorimetric method for the simultaneous detection of l-cysteine and l-homocysteine has been developed. A fluorescein derivative reacts with the above amino acids, producing their respective thiazolidines resulting in color changes. Interference from other amino acids and proteins is minimal.
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14
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Yang Y, Lewis PT, Escobedo JO, Luce NNS, Treleaven WD, Cook RL, Strongin RM. Mild Colorimetric Detection of Sialic Acid. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1135/cccc20041282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
As part of a broader program focusing on the detection of colorless biomolecules in the visible region, a simple and mild procedure for the visual detection of the most abundant sialic acid at room temperature and neutral pH is reported. The role of the interaction of the sialic acid amide with boron in a readily synthesized boronic acid-based receptor is an important feature of the signaling mechanism. Selectivity of reaction can be tuned by the judicious choice of solvents. This study embodies a departure from many of the author's earlier efforts in sugar solutions that are not heated, affording relatively more selective and milder detection.
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15
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Kim KK, Escobedo JO, St. Luce NN, Rusin O, Wong D, Strongin RM. Postcolumn HPLC detection of mono- and oligosaccharides with a chemosensor. Org Lett 2003; 5:5007-10. [PMID: 14682751 PMCID: PMC3376175 DOI: 10.1021/ol035978q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Novel chromophoric compound 1 promotes the HPLC postcolumn detection of mono- and oligosaccharides. The detection of chromatographic peaks in the visible region for glucose, fructose, maltodextrins, sialic acid, and a ganglioside can be accomplished with a standard UV-vis detector. The use of selective, reversible binding agents in automated HPLC assays should allow for improved monitoring of specific analytes as well as material recovery. [structure: see text]
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyu Kwang Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803
| | - Jorge O. Escobedo
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803
| | - Nadia N. St. Luce
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803
| | - Oleksandr Rusin
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803
| | - Douglas Wong
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803
| | - Robert M. Strongin
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803
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16
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Dukh M, Saman D, Lang K, Pouzar V, Cerný I, Drasar P, Král V. Steroid–porphyrin conjugate for saccharide sensing in protic media. Org Biomol Chem 2003; 1:3458-63. [PMID: 14584811 DOI: 10.1039/b302947f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A new saccharide receptor in protic media has been designed and synthesized. The receptor combines advantages of steroids, which are responsible for saccharide binding, and of the porphyrin moiety acting as a signalling component of the molecule due to changes in UV-vis electronic spectra. The synthesis is based on condensation of steroid aldehyde with pyrrole to form the porphyrin unit with four protected steroid moieties. After deprotection, meso-substituted porphyrin contains 12-hydroxy groups on the steroidal part. The receptor is soluble in aqueous solutions and exhibits high complexation affinity towards saccharides. Because the receptor extensively aggregates in water, most of the experiments were performed in 50% aqueous 2-propanol where aggregation is significantly eliminated. Binding is evidenced by spectral changes in the Soret region of the receptor in UV-vis absorption spectra allowing the evaluation of the binding constants. Additional confirmation of binding is obtained using 1H NMR, Raman and IR spectroscopies and the surface plasmon resonance technique. The receptor exhibits higher selectivity for oligosaccharides over monosaccharide. The results point to the importance of a combination of multiple binding via H-bonding and hydrophobic interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mykhaylo Dukh
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10 Praha 6, Czech Republic
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17
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He M, Johnson RJ, Escobedo JO, Beck PA, Kim KK, St Luce NN, Davis CJ, Lewis PT, Fronczek FR, Melancon BJ, Mrse AA, Treleaven WD, Strongin RM. Chromophore formation in resorcinarene solutions and the visual detection of mono- and oligosaccharides. J Am Chem Soc 2002; 124:5000-9. [PMID: 11982364 PMCID: PMC3386614 DOI: 10.1021/ja017713h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The colorimetric properties of resorcinarene solutions had not been investigated since Baeyer's initial synthesis. We recently reported that solutions containing resorcinarene macrocycles develop color upon heating or standing. In the presence of saccharides, these solutions exhibit significant color changes which are easily seen. We herein present strong evidence that the solution color is due to macrocycle ring opening and oxidation. The optical responses to saccharides are due to complexation of the sugar with the acyclic chromophores. We apply these mechanistic insights toward the challenging problem of the visual detection of neutral oligosaccharides by simple chromogens. In addition, we also report the first single-crystal X-ray crystal structure determination of a rarely observed "diamond" resorcinarene stereoisomer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming He
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803
| | - Rolanda J. Johnson
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803
| | - Jorge O. Escobedo
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803
| | - Patricia A. Beck
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803
| | - Kyu Kwang Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803
| | - Nadia N. St Luce
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803
| | | | | | - Frank R. Fronczek
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803
| | - Bruce J. Melancon
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803
| | | | - W. Dale Treleaven
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803
| | - Robert M. Strongin
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803
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18
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Cary DR, Zaitseva NP, Gray K, O'Day KE, Darrow CB, Lane SM, Peyser TA, Satcher JH, Van Antwerp WP, Nelson AJ, Reynolds JG. Rhenium bipyridine complexes for the recognition of glucose. Inorg Chem 2002; 41:1662-9. [PMID: 11896738 DOI: 10.1021/ic010202b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Bipyridine ligands containing pendant methyl, amino, and amino-boronic acid groups were synthesized. Coordination complexes of these ligands with rhenium were prepared straightforwardly and in good yield. The fluorescence behavior of the Re complexes was studied as a function of pH and exposure to various concentrations of glucose. The methyl bipyridine complex showed no change in fluorescence with pH, the amino derivative showed a rapid decrease from low pH to neutral, and the amino-boronate derivative showed little change from pH 4 to 10. Fluorescence quenching was observed at high pH as expected on the basis of a photoinduced electron transfer (PET) signaling mechanism. This behavior can be explained on the basis of the first oxidation and reduction potentials of these complexes. Glucose testing showed a significant dependence on the solvent system used. In pure methanol, the rhenium boronate complex exhibited a 55% fluorescence intensity increase upon increasing glucose concentration from 0 to 400 mg/dL. However, in 50 vol % methanol/phosphate buffered saline, none of the complexes showed significant response in the glucose range of physiological interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas R Cary
- University of California, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, L-092, Livermore, California 94551, USA.
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19
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Abstract
[structure: see text] Boronic acid color sensor 2 undergoes a visible color change, from purple to pink, on the addition of monosaccharides in aqueous methanol at pH 8.21.
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20
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Abstract
[reaction: see text]. A protocol for performing Rh catalyzed aromatic borylations in cyclohexane has been devised. Borylation at the 5-position of several 1,3-substituted aromatic species ranging from electron-rich (1,3-(NMe(2))(2)C(6)H(4)) to electron-deficient (1,3-(CF(3))(2)C(6)H(4)) yields the corresponding aryl boronate esters. Veratrole was selectively borylated at the 4-position, thus extending regioselectivity to 1,2-substituted benzenes. Selective borylation at the 3-position of an N-protected pyrrole has also been demonstrated, providing a valuable reagent for cross-coupling reactions in a single step.
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Affiliation(s)
- M K Tse
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
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21
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Davis CJ, Lewis PT, Billodeaux DR, Fronczek FR, Escobedo JO, Strongin RM. Solid-state supramolecular structures of resorcinol-arylboronic acid compounds. Org Lett 2001; 3:2443-5. [PMID: 11483030 DOI: 10.1021/ol0160194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
[structure: see text] An X-ray crystallographic study of unique hydrogen-bonded supramolecular solid-state networks comprised of a tetraarylboronic acid resorcinarene is described. When 1 is recrystallized from 9:1 MeOH:EtOH, partial esterification takes place to give compound 2, the corresponding half methyl ester, which forms an infinite two-dimensional array. Each molecule participates in 12 hydrogen bonds with other macrocycles. These hydrogen bonds are both B-OH- - - OH (phenolic) and OH (phenolic)- - -OH (phenolic).
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Affiliation(s)
- C J Davis
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
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22
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Willis DM, Strongin RM. Palladium-catalyzed borylation of aryldiazonium tetrafluoroborate salts. A new synthesis of arylboronic esters. Tetrahedron Lett 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(00)01573-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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23
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Convenient iterative synthesis of an octameric tetracarboxylate-functionalized oligophenylene rod with divergent end groups. Org Lett 2000; 2:3201-4. [PMID: 11009381 DOI: 10.1021/ol000204k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Oligo(p-phenylene) rigid rod 10 is synthesized via a functional group-tolerant molecular doubling approach. Preparative chromatographic methods, protecting groups, boronic acid isolations, and Grignard or organolithium reagents are not used. The convenient synthesis of well-defined, polar-functionalized oligophenylene rigid rods could afford ready access to a variety of useful electronic organic materials.
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