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Jazie AA, Albaaji AJ, Abed SA. A review on recent trends of antiviral nanoparticles and airborne filters: special insight on COVID-19 virus. AIR QUALITY, ATMOSPHERE, & HEALTH 2021; 14:1811-1824. [PMID: 34178182 PMCID: PMC8211456 DOI: 10.1007/s11869-021-01055-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Novel corona virus (COVID-19) pandemic in the last 4 months stimulates the international scientific community to search for vaccine of antiviral agents suitable for in activating the virus inside and outside the human body. More than 4 million people globally are infected by the virus and about 300,000 dead cases until this moment. The ventilation and airborne filters are also investigated aiming to develop an efficient antiviral filtration technology. Human secretion of the infected person as nasal or saliva droplets goes as airborne and distributes the virus everywhere around the person. N95 and N98 filters are the must use filters for capturing particles of sizes around 300 nm. The average size of the novel corona virus (COVID-19) is 100 nm and there is no standard or special filter suitable for this virus. The nanoparticle-coated airborne filter is a suitable technique in this regard. While the efficiency of this type of filters still needs to be enhanced, new developed nanofiber filters are proposed. Most recently, the charged nanofiber filters of sizes below 100 nm are developed and provide an efficient viral filtration and inactivation. The efficiency of filter must be kept at accepted level without increasing the pressure drop. The present review outlines the most efficient antiviral nanoparticles including the recent functional nanoparticles. The filtration theory, filtration modeling, filter testing, and different types of filter with special concentration on the charged nanofiber filter were discussed. The charged nanofiber filter able to capture novel corona virus (COVID-19) with 94% efficiency and a pressure drop less than 20 MPa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali A. Jazie
- Chemical Engineering Department, Engineering College, University of Al-Qadisiyah, Al-Diwaniyah, Iraq
| | - Amar J. Albaaji
- Materials Engineering Department, Engineering College, University of Al-Qadisiyah, Al-Diwaniyah, Iraq
| | - Suhad A. Abed
- Department of Biology, College of Education, University of Al-Qadisiyah, Al-Diwaniyah, Iraq
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Gurunathan S, Qasim M, Choi Y, Do JT, Park C, Hong K, Kim JH, Song H. Antiviral Potential of Nanoparticles-Can Nanoparticles Fight Against Coronaviruses? NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 10:E1645. [PMID: 32825737 PMCID: PMC7557932 DOI: 10.3390/nano10091645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Infectious diseases account for more than 20% of global mortality and viruses are responsible for about one-third of these deaths. Highly infectious viral diseases such as severe acute respiratory (SARS), Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) and coronavirus disease (COVID-19) are emerging more frequently and their worldwide spread poses a serious threat to human health and the global economy. The current COVID-19 pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). As of 27 July 2020, SARS-CoV-2 has infected over 16 million people and led to the death of more than 652,434 individuals as on 27 July 2020 while also causing significant economic losses. To date, there are no vaccines or specific antiviral drugs to prevent or treat COVID-19. Hence, it is necessary to accelerate the development of antiviral drugs and vaccines to help mitigate this pandemic. Non-Conventional antiviral agents must also be considered and exploited. In this regard, nanoparticles can be used as antiviral agents for the treatment of various viral infections. The use of nanoparticles provides an interesting opportunity for the development of novel antiviral therapies with a low probability of developing drug resistance compared to conventional chemical-based antiviral therapies. In this review, we first discuss viral mechanisms of entry into host cells and then we detail the major and important types of nanomaterials that could be used as antiviral agents. These nanomaterials include silver, gold, quantum dots, organic nanoparticles, liposomes, dendrimers and polymers. Further, we consider antiviral mechanisms, the effects of nanoparticles on coronaviruses and therapeutic approaches of nanoparticles. Finally, we provide our perspective on the future of nanoparticles in the fight against viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangiliyandi Gurunathan
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (S.G.); (Y.C.); (J.T.D.); (C.P.); (K.H.); (J.-H.K.)
| | - Muhammad Qasim
- Center of Bioengineering and Nanomedicine, Department of Food Science, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand;
| | - Youngsok Choi
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (S.G.); (Y.C.); (J.T.D.); (C.P.); (K.H.); (J.-H.K.)
| | - Jeong Tae Do
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (S.G.); (Y.C.); (J.T.D.); (C.P.); (K.H.); (J.-H.K.)
| | - Chankyu Park
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (S.G.); (Y.C.); (J.T.D.); (C.P.); (K.H.); (J.-H.K.)
| | - Kwonho Hong
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (S.G.); (Y.C.); (J.T.D.); (C.P.); (K.H.); (J.-H.K.)
| | - Jin-Hoi Kim
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (S.G.); (Y.C.); (J.T.D.); (C.P.); (K.H.); (J.-H.K.)
| | - Hyuk Song
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (S.G.); (Y.C.); (J.T.D.); (C.P.); (K.H.); (J.-H.K.)
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Chen L, Liang J. An overview of functional nanoparticles as novel emerging antiviral therapeutic agents. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2020; 112:110924. [PMID: 32409074 PMCID: PMC7195146 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.110924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Research on highly effective antiviral drugs is essential for preventing the spread of infections and reducing losses. Recently, many functional nanoparticles have been shown to possess remarkable antiviral ability, such as quantum dots, gold and silver nanoparticles, nanoclusters, carbon dots, graphene oxide, silicon materials, polymers and dendrimers. Despite their difference in antiviral mechanism and inhibition efficacy, these functional nanoparticles-based structures have unique features as potential antiviral candidates. In this topical review, we highlight the antiviral efficacy and mechanism of these nanoparticles. Specifically, we introduce various methods for analyzing the viricidal activity of functional nanoparticles and the latest advances in antiviral functional nanoparticles. Furthermore, we systematically describe the advantages and disadvantages of these functional nanoparticles in viricidal applications. Finally, we discuss the challenges and prospects of antiviral nanostructures. This topic review covers 132 papers and will enrich our knowledge about the antiviral efficacy and mechanism of various functional nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Jiangong Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China.
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Palanivel L, Gnanasambandam V. Diversity oriented multi-component reaction (DOS-MCR) approach to access natural product analogues: regio- and chemo-selective synthesis of polyheterocyclic scaffolds via one-pot cascade reactions. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:3082-3092. [PMID: 32255173 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob00368a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Skeletally diverse and complex aza-cyclopenta(cd)diindene, pyrrolo(3,4-d)pyridine-13-carboxamide, and furo-pyrrolo(1,2-a)imidazole-4-carboxamide fused polyheterocyclic hybrid scaffolds and a furo(2,3-b)furan core have been accessed via one-pot three-component reaction by exploiting the build/couple/pair strategy of diversity oriented synthesis (DOS). This protocol is metal free, has a good substrate scope and affords products with good to excellent yields and regio- and chemo-selectivity. The heterocyclic skeletons obtained in this study mimic natural products such as eupolauramine, gracilamine and presilphiperfolanol.
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Le Grognec E, Chrétien JM, Zammattio F, Quintard JP. Methodologies Limiting or Avoiding Contamination by Organotin Residues in Organic Synthesis. Chem Rev 2015; 115:10207-60. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Erwan Le Grognec
- Chimie Et Interdisciplinarité:
Synthèse, Analyse, Modélisation (CEISAM), UMR CNRS 6230,
Faculté des Sciences et des Techniques, Université de Nantes, CNRS, 2, rue de la Houssinière, BP 92208, 44322 Nantes Cedex 3, France
| | - Jean-Mathieu Chrétien
- Chimie Et Interdisciplinarité:
Synthèse, Analyse, Modélisation (CEISAM), UMR CNRS 6230,
Faculté des Sciences et des Techniques, Université de Nantes, CNRS, 2, rue de la Houssinière, BP 92208, 44322 Nantes Cedex 3, France
| | - Françoise Zammattio
- Chimie Et Interdisciplinarité:
Synthèse, Analyse, Modélisation (CEISAM), UMR CNRS 6230,
Faculté des Sciences et des Techniques, Université de Nantes, CNRS, 2, rue de la Houssinière, BP 92208, 44322 Nantes Cedex 3, France
| | - Jean-Paul Quintard
- Chimie Et Interdisciplinarité:
Synthèse, Analyse, Modélisation (CEISAM), UMR CNRS 6230,
Faculté des Sciences et des Techniques, Université de Nantes, CNRS, 2, rue de la Houssinière, BP 92208, 44322 Nantes Cedex 3, France
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Kotzamanis K, Angulo A, Ghazal P. Infection homeostasis: implications for therapeutic and immune programming of metabolism in controlling infection. Med Microbiol Immunol 2015; 204:395-407. [PMID: 25800350 PMCID: PMC4439431 DOI: 10.1007/s00430-015-0402-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2015] [Accepted: 02/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Homeostasis underpins at a systems level the regulatory control of immunity and metabolism. While physiologically these systems are often viewed as independent, there is increasing evidence showing a tight coupling between immune and metabolic functions. Critically upon infection, the homeostatic regulation for both immune and metabolic pathways is altered yet these changes are often investigated in isolation. Here, we summarise our current understanding of these processes in the context of a clinically relevant pathogen, cytomegalovirus. We synthesise from the literature an integrative view of a coupled immune-metabolic infection process, centred on sugar and lipid metabolism. We put forward the notion that understanding immune control of key metabolic enzymatic steps in infection will promote the future development of novel therapeutic modalities based on metabolic modifiers that either enhance protection or inhibit infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Kotzamanis
- Division of Pathway and Infection Medicine, Edinburgh Infectious Diseases, University of Edinburgh, Medical School, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Ana Angulo
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Peter Ghazal
- Division of Pathway and Infection Medicine, Edinburgh Infectious Diseases, University of Edinburgh, Medical School, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
- SynthSys, University of Edinburgh, The King’s Buildings, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
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7
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Ghandi M, Ghomi AT, Kubicki M. Synthesis of cyclopentadiene-fused chromanones via one-pot multicomponent reactions. J Org Chem 2013; 78:2611-6. [PMID: 23387378 DOI: 10.1021/jo302790y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
We have developed one-pot method for the synthesis of functionalized novel cyclopentadiene-fused chromanone scaffolds. A variety of 4-oxo-2,4-dihydrocyclopenta[c]chromene-1,2-dicarboxylates were obtained in moderate to good yields via condensation of 2-hydroxybenzaldehydes and ethyl acetoacetate with 1:1 acetylenecarboxylate-isocyanides in toluene. These reactions presumably proceed via reaction of the in situ generated 3-acetyl-2H-chromen-2-ones with acetylenecarboxylate-isocyanide zwitterionic intermediates through Michael addition/intramolecular cyclization and double [1,5] acyl shift rearrangement cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Ghandi
- School of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Tehran, P.O. Box 14155, Tehran 6455, Iran.
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8
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Lin XF, Wang YG, Ding HF. Soluble polymer-supported synthesis of pyrazoles via 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition strategy. CHINESE J CHEM 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.20040220503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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9
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Gao K, Li Y, Sun H, Fan R, Wu J. FeCl3‐Catalyzed Aza‐Diels–Alder Reactions of Methylenecyclopropanes with Imines. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2007. [DOI: 10.1080/00397910701577729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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10
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Das S, Chandrasekhar S, Yadav JS, Grée R. Recent developments in the synthesis of prostaglandins and analogues. Chem Rev 2007; 107:3286-337. [PMID: 17590055 DOI: 10.1021/cr068365a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 222] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Saibal Das
- Université de Rennes I, Laboratoire de Synthèse et Electrosynthèse Organiques, CNRS UMR 6510, Avenue du Général Leclerc, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France
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11
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12
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13
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Tanaka H, Hasegawa T, Kita N, Nakahara H, Shibata T, Oe S, Ojika M, Uchida K, Takahashi T. Polymer-Assisted Solution-Phase Synthesis and Neurite-Outgrowth-Promoting Activity of 15-Deoxy-Δ12,14-PGJ2 Derivatives. Chem Asian J 2006; 1:669-77. [PMID: 17441107 DOI: 10.1002/asia.200600172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
An efficient solution-phase synthesis of rac-15-deoxy-delta(12,14)-PGJ2 (15dPGJ2) derivatives that contain variable alpha and omega chains based on a polymer-assisted strategy and their neurite-outgrowth-promoting activity are described. The strategy for the synthesis of PGJ2 derivatives involves the use of a vinyl iodide bearing cyclopentenone as a key intermediate, which undergoes Suzuki-Miyaura coupling and subsequent Lewis acid catalyzed aldol condensation for incorporation of the omega and alpha chains, respectively. For easy access to the PGJ2 derivatives, a polymer-supported catalyst and scavengers were adapted for use in these four diverse steps, in which workup and purification can be performed by simple filtration of the solid-supported reagents. By using this methodology, we succeeded in the synthesis of 16 PGJ2 derivatives with four alkyl boranes and four aldehydes. The neurite-outgrowth-promoting activity of the 16 synthetic compounds in PC12 cells revealed that the side-chains play a major role in modulating their biological activity. The carboxylic acid on the alpha chain improved the biological activity, although it was not absolutely required. Furthermore, a PGJ2 derivative with a phenyl moiety on the omega chain was found to exhibit an activity comparable to that of natural 15dPGJ2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Tanaka
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
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14
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Wu J. General Microwave-assisted Protocols for the Expedient Synthesis of Furo[3,2-c]chromen-4-ones. CHEM LETT 2006. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.2006.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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15
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16
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17
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Dickerson TJ, Reed NN, Janda KD. Soluble polymers as scaffolds for recoverable catalysts and reagents. Chem Rev 2002; 102:3325-44. [PMID: 12371887 DOI: 10.1021/cr010335e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 414] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tobin J Dickerson
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
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18
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Spanka C, Clapham B, Janda KD. Preparation of new microgel polymers and their application as supports in organic synthesis. J Org Chem 2002; 67:3045-50. [PMID: 11975565 DOI: 10.1021/jo016362m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A series of soluble microgel polymers have been synthesized using solution-phase polymerization reactions. In a systematic manner, several variables such as monomer concentration, cross-linker content, reaction solvent and reaction time were examined, and this provided an optimal polymer with both solubility and precipitation characteristics suitable for synthetic applications. Thus, a chemically functionalized microgel polymer was synthesized, and the utility of this polymer in the synthesis of a small array of oxazole compounds has been demonstrated. The advantage of the microgel polymers produced was that they exhibited solution viscosities lower than those of conventional linear polymers even at higher concentrations, and this was found to be beneficial for their precipitation properties. Compounds prepared using the described microgel polymer supports were obtained in similar yields and purity when compared with insoluble resins, and more importantly, the soluble polymer bound intermediates could be analyzed at each step using standard NMR techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carsten Spanka
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
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19
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Yang GC, Chen ZX, Zhang ZJ. Combinatorial synthesis of novel thiourea derivatives on a modified poly(ethylene glycol). REACT FUNCT POLYM 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s1381-5148(01)00102-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Abstract
Natural products have served as an important source of medicinal compounds and pharmaceutical leads over the last century. Within the last 10 years, significant interest has developed in applying combinatorial chemistry techniques to the study of natural products and their biological activities. In this review, we examine several representative efforts wherein natural product skeletons have been constructed or immobilized on solid support and subsequently derivatized, giving rise to analog libraries useful in understanding the structure-activity relationships of the parent natural product. Issues such as target selection, library design, linker development, automation, and library characterization are addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- K C Nicolaou
- Department of Chemistry, and Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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Hobbs DW, Guo T. Library design concepts and implementation strategies. J Recept Signal Transduct Res 2001; 21:311-56. [PMID: 11789688 DOI: 10.1081/rrs-100107922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D W Hobbs
- Pharmacopeia, Inc, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
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24
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Nicolaou KC, Cho SY, Hughes R, Winssinger N, Smethurst C, Labischinski H, Endermann R. Solid- and solution-phase synthesis of vancomycin and vancomycin analogues with activity against vancomycin-resistant bacteria. Chemistry 2001; 7:3798-823. [PMID: 11575782 DOI: 10.1002/1521-3765(20010903)7:17<3798::aid-chem3798>3.0.co;2-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Vancomycin, the prototypical member of the glycopeptide family of antibiotics, is a clinically used antibiotic employed against a variety of drug-resistant bacterial strains including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). The recent emergence of vancomycin resistance, viewed as a growing threat to public health, prompted us to initiate a program aimed at restoring the potency of this important antibiotic through chemical manipulation of the vancomycin structure. Herein, we describe the development of synthetic technology based on the design of a novel selenium safety catch linker, application of this technology to a solid-phase semisynthesis of vancomycin, and the solid- and solution-phase synthesis of vancomycin libraries. Biological evaluation of these compound libraries led to the identification of a number of in vitro highly potent antibacterial agents effective against vancomycin-resistant bacteria. In addition to aiding these investigations, the solid-phase chemistry described herein is expected to enhance the power of combinatorial chemistry and facilitate chemical biology and medicinal chemistry studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- K C Nicolaou
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, La Jolla, California 92037, USA.
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25
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Pyrrolidine synthesis on polystyrene supports: development of a ‘one-pot’ dipolar cycloaddition strategy. Tetrahedron Lett 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(01)01061-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Kirschning A, Monenschein H, Wittenberg R. Funktionalisierte Polymere - zukunftsträchtige Werkzeuge für die Chemie in Lösung und die automatisierte Parallelsynthese. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2001. [DOI: 10.1002/1521-3757(20010216)113:4<670::aid-ange6700>3.0.co;2-g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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27
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Kirschning A, Monenschein H, Wittenberg R. Functionalized Polymers-Emerging Versatile Tools for Solution-Phase Chemistry and Automated Parallel Synthesis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2001. [DOI: 10.1002/1521-3773(20010216)40:4<650::aid-anie6500>3.0.co;2-c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 318] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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28
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Marotta E, Righi P, Rosini G. A bicyclo[3.2.0]hept-3-en-6-one approach to prostaglandin intermediates. Org Lett 2000; 2:4145-8. [PMID: 11150185 DOI: 10.1021/ol006664v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
[reaction:see text] The substituted cyclopentanic structures, 6-benzyloxymethyl-7-hydroxy-2-oxabicyclo [3.3.0]octan-3-one (1), a Corey lactone derivative, and 6-exo-benzyloxymethyl-2-oxabicyclo[3.3. 0]oct-7-en-3-one (2), have been obtained stereoselectively through the bicyclo[3.2.0]hept-3-en-6-one approach via 5-benzyloxymethyl-3-hydroxy-6-heptenoic acid, easily accessible from the inexpensive monoprotected cis-2-butene-1,4-diol.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Marotta
- Dipartimento di Chimica Organica A. Mangini dell'Università di Bologna, Viale Risorgimento no. 4, 40136 Bologna, Italy
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29
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López-Pelegrín JA, Wentworth P, Sieber F, Metz WA, Janda KD. Soluble polymer-supported chemoenzymatic synthesis of the C(21)-C(27) fragment of the bryostatins. J Org Chem 2000; 65:8527-31. [PMID: 11112572 DOI: 10.1021/jo005539u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A chemoenzymatic synthesis of the C(21)-C(27) fragment of the marine macrolide family of bryostatin antibiotics is presented. The approach commences from achiral starting materials and has as its crucial step the enzymatic resolution of a racemic mixture of soluble polymer-supported alcohols (syn-10 and syn-11). The immobilized lipase from Candida antarctica (Novozym 435) catalyzes the enantioselective acetylation of syn-10 (in 40% conversion and >99% ee), allowing isolation of the key intermediate (R)-14 in enantiomerically pure form following its cleavage from the poly(ethylene) glycol (PEG) scaffold. The PEG matrix is both compatible with the multipolymer enzymatic transformation and allows for rapid purification and facile NMR characterization of all intermediates throughout the synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A López-Pelegrín
- Department of Chemistry and the Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
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31
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Terrett N. Combinatorial chemistry. Drug Discov Today 2000; 5:211-212. [PMID: 10790266 DOI: 10.1016/s1359-6446(00)01490-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N Terrett
- Discovery Chemistry, Pfizer Central Research, Sandwich, Kent, UK
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Fürstner A, Grela K. Ringschlussmetathese von Alkinen: Anwendung auf die stereoselektive Totalsynthese von Prostaglandin-E2-1,15-Lacton. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2000. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1521-3757(20000403)112:7<1292::aid-ange1292>3.0.co;2-g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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