Reaction of NaP5 with Half-Sandwich Complexes of Nickel: The First Example of an Ni-Promoted Transformation of the P5- Anion

Reactivity of Sodium Pentaphospholide Na[cyclo-P5 ] towards C≡E (E=C, N, P) Triple Bonds

A diglyme solution of Na[cyclo-P5 ] (1) reacts with alkynes and isolobal nitriles and phosphaalkynes to afford the otherwise elusive (aza)phospholide anions 2 a-c, 4 a,b, and 6. The reaction of Na[cyclo-P5 ] with alkynes and nitriles was studied by means of DFT methods, which suggested a concerted mechanism for the formation of 2 a and 4 b. The anions 2 a-c, 4 a,b, and 6 coordinate in an η5 -fashion towards FeII to give the sandwich (aza)phosphametallocenes 3 a-c, 5 a,b and 7 in moderate to good yields. The new compounds were characterized by means of multinuclear NMR spectroscopy, single-crystal X-ray diffraction and cyclic voltammetry.

Inorganic Ferrocene Analogue [Fe(P4)2]2

Inorganic metallocene derivatives containing only cyclo-P_n ligands have been targeted for more than 20 years, but their syntheses have never been achieved by pursuing the conventional route of using P₄ phosphorus except for the generation of [Ti(η⁵-P₅)₂]^2-. Herein, we report a facile one-step method for the synthesis of the homoleptic iron complex [Fe(P₄)₂]^2- by the Zintl-phase-type precursor KP. ³¹P NMR analyses indicate that upon dissolving the KP phase in ethylenediamine P₄^2- was generated only in the presence of 2,2,2-crypt. The amounts of cation-sequestering agents, the type of iron precursor, and their consuming ratio have a decisive impact on the yield of [Fe(P₄)₂]^2-. Both the Fe^II and the Fe^III precursors can oxidize P₄^2- to give a concomitant product [(P₇)Fe(P₄)]^3-, which can be partially inhibited by the addition of potassium to produce relatively pure crystalline [K(2,2,2-crypt)]₂[Fe(P₄)₂].

Synthesis, structure and electrochemical properties of 3,4,5-triaryl-1,2-diphosphaferrocenes

New 3,4,5-triaryl-1,2-diphosphaferrocenes [FeCp(η5-P2C3R3)] have been extensively studied experimentally (NMR, UV-Vis, electrochemical studies, X-ray) and quantum chemically.

Rearrangements and reductive cleavage of 3a,6a-diaza-1,4-diphosphapentalenes

Interaction of 1,4-dichloro-3,6a-diaza-1,4-diphosphapentalenes with alkali metals leads to the cleavage of the N–N bond and the formation of isomeric heteropentalenes as intermediates, which further transform into aromatic 1,2,3-azadiphospholides.

Stabilization of Pentaphospholes as η5 -Coordinating Ligands

Electrophilic functionalisation of [Cp*Fe(η5 -P5 )] (1) yields the first transition-metal complexes of pentaphospholes (cyclo-P5 R). Silylation of 1 with [(Et3 Si)2 (μ-H)][B(C6 F5 )4 ] leads to the ionic species [Cp*Fe(η5 -P5 SiEt3 )][B(C6 F5 )4 ] (2), whose subsequent reaction with H2 O yields the parent compound [Cp*Fe(η5 -P5 H)][B(C6 F5 )4 ] (3). The synthesis of a carbon-substituted derivative [Cp*Fe(η5 -P5 Me)][X] ([X]- =[FB(C6 F5 )3 ]- (4 a), [B(C6 F5 )4 ]- (4 b)) is achieved by methylation of 1 employing [Me3 O][BF4 ] and B(C6 F5 )3 or a combination of MeOTf and [Li(OEt2 )2 ][B(C6 F5 )4 ]. The structural characterisation of these compounds reveals a slight envelope structure for the cyclo-P5 R ligand. Detailed NMR-spectroscopic studies suggest a highly dynamic behaviour and thus a distinct lability for 2 and 3 in solution. DFT calculations shed light on the electronic structure and bonding situation of this unprecedented class of compounds.

Regioselective Insertion of Aluminum(I) in the cyclo-P5 Ring of Pentaphosphaferrocene

A route to directly access mixed Al-Fe polyphosphide complexes was developed. The reactivity of pentaphosphaferrocene, [Cp*Fe(η5 -P5 )] (Cp*=C5 Me5 ), with two different low-valent aluminum compounds was investigated. The steric and electronic environment around the [AlI ] centre are found to be crucial for the formation of the resulting Al-Fe polyphosphides. Reaction with the sterically demanding [Dipp-BDIAlI ] (Dipp-BDI={[2,6-i Pr2 C6 H3 NCMe]2 CH}- ) resulted in the first Al-based neutral triple-decker type polyphosphide complex. For [(Cp*AlI )4 ], an unprecedented regioselective insertion of three [Cp*AlIII ]2+ moieties into two adjacent P-P bonds of the cyclo-P5 ring of [Cp*Fe(η5 -P5 )] was observed. The regioselectivity of the insertion reaction could be rationalized by isolating an analogue of the reaction intermediate stabilized by a strong σ-donor carbene.

Aggregation and Degradation of White Phosphorus Mediated by N-Heterocyclic Carbene Nickel(0) Complexes

The reaction of zerovalent nickel compounds with white phosphorus (P₄) is a barely explored route to binary nickel phosphide clusters. Here, we show that coordinatively and electronically unsaturated N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC) nickel(0) complexes afford unusual cluster compounds with P₁, P₃, P₅ and P₈ units. Using [Ni(IMes)₂] [IMes=1,3‐bis(2,4,6‐trimethylphenyl)imidazolin‐2‐ylidene], electron‐deficient Ni₃P₄ and Ni₃P₆ clusters have been isolated, which can be described as superhypercloso and hypercloso clusters according to the Wade–Mingos rules. Use of the bulkier NHC complexes [Ni(IPr)₂] or [(IPr)Ni(η⁶‐toluene)] [IPr=1,3‐bis(2,6‐diisopropylphenyl)imidazolin‐2‐ylidene] affords a closo‐Ni₃P₈ cluster. Inverse‐sandwich complexes [(NHC)₂Ni₂P₅] (NHC=IMes, IPr) with an aromatic cyclo‐P₅⁻ ligand were identified as additional products.

Progress in Polyarsolyl Chemistry

The synthesis of heteroatom analogues of the cyclopentadienyl anion Cp^- is a fascinating and challenging field of research. The replacement of methine moieties by phosphorus is well investigated for the synthesis of mono-, tri- and pentaphospholyl ligands. On the other hand, arsenic derivatives are rare and 1,2,4-triarsolyl and tetraarsolyl salts are unknown. Herein, we report on the synthesis of Cs[E₃ C₂ (trip)₂ ] (1 a: E=P; 1 b: E=As; trip=2,4,6-triisopropylphenyl) and Cs[E₄ C(trip)] (2 a: E=P; 2 b: E=As). Compound 1 b represents the first 1,2,4-triarsolyl and 2 b the first tetraarsolyl anion. All salts are obtained in one-pot syntheses using E(SiMe₃ )₃ , 2,4,6-triisopropylbenzoyl chloride and CsF. The products 1 a⋅2 C₄ H₈ O₂ , 2 a⋅Et₂ O and 2 b⋅3 C₄ H₈ O₂ were characterized by X-ray structural analysis, which revealed planar heterocycles. Nucleus-independent chemical shifts (NICS) confirmed the aromaticity of these anions. Notably, compound 2 a⋅Et₂ O is only the second tetraphospholyl ligand which is structurally characterized.